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HomeMy WebLinkAboutItem 7 - COUNCIL READING FILE_d_Draft Housing ElementCity of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element July 2020 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 ii Community Development Department MISSION STATEMENT Our mission is to identify and serve the needs of all people in a positive and courteous manner and to help ensure that San Luis Obispo remains a healthy, safe, attractive and enjoyable place to live, work or visit. We help plan the City's form and character, support community values, preserve the environment, promote the wise use of resources and protect public health and safety. OUR SERVICE PHILOSOPHY The City of San Luis Obispo Community Development Department staff provides high-quality service whenever and wherever you need it. We will: • Listen to and understand your needs; • Give clear, accurate and prompt answers to your questions; • Explain how you can achieve your goals under the City's rules; • Help resolve problems in an open, objective, and fair manner; • Maintain the highest ethical standards; and • Work to continually improve our services. ____________________________________ Front Cover Photo: Top left, Iron Works 100 percent affordable apartments (HASLO); Top middle, Noveno single family homes; Top right, Common single family home (Photo credit: Community Development Department, 2020. Bottom - Bishop Street Studios (Transitions-Mental Health Association), 33 units of supported housing for adults living with a mental illness in San Luis Obispo (Photo credit: Dennis Swanson). City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 iii City of San Luis Obispo 6th Cycle Draft Housing Element Adopted SAN LUIS OBISPO CITY COUNCIL Heidi Harmon, Mayor Carlyn Christianson Andy Pease Aaron Gomez Erica A. Stewart Derek Johnson, City Manager PLANNING COMMISSION Hemalata Dandekar, Chair Robert Jorgensen, Vice-Chair Mike Wulkan Steve Kahn Michelle Shoresman Nicholas Quincy Michael Hopkins COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT Michael Codron, Director of Community Development Tyler Corey, Principal Planner Brian Leveille, Senior Planner Rachel Cohen, Associate Planner Cara Vereschagin, Housing Programs Coordinator Graham Bultema, Planning Intern Madison Driscoll, Planning Intern City of San Luis Obispo 919 Palm Street San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 – 3218 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 iv FOREWORD This Housing Element updates the 5th Cycle Housing Element and addresses important changes to State housing law. Like the previous element, it has been prepared to help San Luis Obispo City residents’ secure safe housing that will meet their personal needs and financial circumstances, and to meet State law. The Housing Element is part of the General Plan and is one of nine “elements” or chapters of that plan. It sets out the City’s goals, policies, and programs for housing over the next eight years (2020-2028). It works in concert with the other plan elements to help achieve the broad community goals as expressed in the General Plan Land Use Element. The other elements are Circulation, Noise, Safety, Conservation and Open Space, Parks and Recreation, and Water and Wastewater. Housing elements must be updated periodically, according to a State adopted schedule. The Housing Element is available on the City’s website at www.slocity.org, and copies of the General Plan are available from the Community Development Department, City of San Luis Obispo, 919 Palm Street, San Luis Obispo, California 93401-3218. Phone: (805) 781-7170. Fax: (805) 781-7173. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 v City of San Luis Obispo 6th Cycle Draft Housing Element TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.10 Purpose 1 1.20 What is a Housing Element 2 1.30 Consistency with State Law 2 1.40 General Plan Consistency 2 1.50 Citizen Participation 4 2. COMMUNITY FACTORS 5 2.10 Community Overview 5 2.20 Demographic Snapshots 5 2.30 Housing Snapshots 6 2.40 Neighborhood Snapshots 7 3. GOALS, POLICIES, AND PROGRAMS 9 3.10 Overview 9 3.20 Goals, Policies, and Programs 9 3.30 Implementation Tools 24 4. REGIONAL VISION FOR HOUSING 31 4.10 Overview 31 4.20 Alignment with Regional Compact 31 4.30 Policies 32 4.40 Moving Forward 33 5. QUANTIFIED OBJECTIVES 33 5.10 Overview of Quantified Objectives 33 5.20 Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) Objectives 33 5.30 Rehabilitation and Preservation of At-Risk Units 35 a) Inventory of At-Risk Units 36 b) Potential Financing for Preserving At-Risk Units 38 c) Preservation Successes from 5th Cycle Housing Element 38 5.40 Quantified Objectives Summary 40 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 vi LIST OF TABLES Page Table 1 Local Resources and Incentives Available for Housing Activities 22 Table 2 State Resources and Incentives Available for Housing Activities 24 Table 3 Federal Resources and Incentives Available for Housing Activities 28 Table 4 6th Cycle Regional Housing Needs Allocation (1/1/19 to 12/31/28) 33 Table 5 RHNA Credit Captured in 2019 (1/1/2019 to 12/31/2019) 34 Table 6 At-Risk Units in San Luis Obispo, 2020-2028 35 Table 7 HASLO RAD 175 Conversion Properties 38 Table 8 Summary of Quantified Objectives, January 2021 - December 2028 39 APPENDICES APPENDIX A – COMMUNITY PROFILE A1 1. Population Trends and Characteristics A1 a) Age Composition A3 b) Race and Ethnicity A4 2. Employment Trends A6 3. Household Characteristics A8 a) Household Formation and Type A8 b) Household Income A9 4. Housing Inventory and Market Factors A11 a) Housing Stock Profile and Population Growth A11 b) Unit Type A12 c. Unit Size A13 d) Tenure A14 e) Vacancy Rates A14 f) Age of Housing Stock A15 g) Housing Condition A15 h) Housing Costs and Rents A16 i) Affordability Gap Analysis A17 5. Summary and Conclusions A20 APPENDIX B – HOUSING NEEDS B1 1. Regional Housing Needs Assessment B1 a) Existing Housing Needs B1 b) Housing Needs for 2020-2028 B3 c) Extremely Low-Income Households B5 2. Special Housing Needs B7 a) Elderly Persons B7 b) Large Households B10 c) Female-Headed Households B12 d) Disabled Persons B13 e) Developmental Disabilities B14 f) Homeless Persons and Transitional Housing B15 g) Farm Workers B19 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 vii h) Students B20 i) Fraternities and Sororities B21 j) “Shared” Households B22 k) Single Room Occupancy (SRO) B22 3. Conclusions B23 APPENDIX C – HOUSING CONSTRAINTS AND RESOURCES C1 1. Governmental Constraints C1 a) Land Use Controls C1 b) Zoning Regulations and Development Standards C3 c) Specific Plans and Area Plans C8 d) Residential Growth Management Regulations C9 e) Architectural Review C12 f) Building, Zoning, and Municipal Code Enforcement C13 g) Processing and Permit Procedures C15 h) Development Fees C18 i) Infrastructure C21 j) Public Services – Police and Fire C23 k) Schools C24 l) Inclusionary Housing Program C24 2. Non-Governmental Constraints C26 a) Land Costs C26 b) Construction Costs C26 c) Availability and Cost of Financing C27 d) Insurance Costs C27 e) Investment Expectations C28 f) Environmental Constraints C28 g) Economic Constraints C30 APPENDIX D – RESIDENTIAL LAND RESOURCES D1 1. Residential Development Capacity Calculation D1 2. Availability of Adequate Sites for Housing D2 a) Vacant Residential Land D2 b) Underutilized Residential Land D3 c) Land Suitable for Mixed-Use Development D3 d) Possible Rezonings D4 e) Accessory Dwelling Units D5 f) “Pipeline” Projects D6 g) Entitled Projects D7 h) Building Permits Issued D8 3. Residential Densities D8 4. Evaluation of Development Capacity: Identifying Adequate Sites D9 5. Existing and Proposed Incentives to Facilitate Housing Development D15 6. Conclusion D17 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 viii APPENDIX E – RESIDENTIAL CAPACITY INVENTORY E1 1. Purpose E1 2. Definitions E1 3. Survey Methodology E2 a) Development Constraints E3 b) Survey Assumptions E5 c) Survey Organization E6 4. Summary of Residential Capacity E6 a) Development Capacity by Area E6 b) Development Capacity by Zoning Designation E7 c) Development Capacity by Development Status E8 5. Residential Capacity Tables E8 APPENDIX F – AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN SAN LUIS OBISPO F1 1. Purpose F1 2. Definitions F1 3. Housing Type F2 4. Affordable Unit Inventory F3 APPENDIX G – PUBLIC OUTREACH G1 APPENDIX H – REVIEW OF PREVIOUS HOUSING ELEMENT H1 APPENDIX I – IMPLEMENTATION PLAN I1 APPENDIX J – DEFINITIONS J1 APPENDIX K – COUNCIL RESOLUTION K1 APPENDIX L – STATE CERTIFICATION OF HOUSING ELEMENT L1 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 ix APPENDIX LIST OF TABLES Table A - 1 Population Growth, 2011-2019 A1 Table A - 2 Average Annual Population Growth, 2000-2019 A2 Table A - 3 Pop. Growth in Cities of San Luis Obispo County, 2000-2019 A2 Table A - 4 Population Growth Projections for City, County, and State A3 Table A - 5 Age Distribution, 2017 A3 Table A - 6 Racial Composition for the City, County, and State, 2000-2017 A5 Table A - 7 Ethnic Composition for the City, County, and State, 2000-2017 A5 Table A - 8 Projected Change in Racial and Ethnic Composition, 2015-2035 A5 Table A - 9 Employment by Industry for Residents, 2017 A6 Table A - 10 Labor Force and Unemployment, 2010-2019 A7 Table A - 11 Commuting Patterns in the City: 2000, 2010, and 2017 A8 Table A - 12 Number of Households, 2000, 2010, and 2017 A8 Table A - 13 Household Size, 2000, 2010, and 2017 A9 Table A - 14 Estimated Households by Household Type, 2017 A9 Table A - 15 Estimated Households by Household Size, 2017 A9 Table A - 16 Median Household Income, 2000, 2010, and 2017 A10 Table A - 17 Median Family Income, County Comparison, 2010-2017 A10 Table A - 18 Per Capita Income, 2010-2017 A10 Table A - 19 California Income Category Limits A11 Table A - 20 Estimated Households by Income Categories, 2017 A11 Table A - 21 RHNA Progress - Issued Building Permits, 2014–2019 A12 Table A - 22 Net Change from Completed Construction, 2010–2019 A12 Table A - 23 Composition of Housing Stock by Unit Type, 2010-2019 A13 Table A - 24 Housing Size - Number of Bedrooms by Tenure, 2017 A13 Table A - 25 Estimated Tenure of Occupied Housing Units. 2010-2017 A14 Table A - 26 Housing Vacancy Rates, 2010 & 2017 A14 Table A - 27 Age of Housing Stock, 2017 A15 Table A - 28 Median Residential Real Estate Sales Prices, 2014-2019 A16 Table A - 29 Comparison of Rent Costs, City and County, 2019 A17 Table A - 30 Owner & Renter Vacancy Rates, 2010 & 2017 A17 Table A - 31 Single Family Housing Values, 2017 A17 Table A - 32 Median Monthly Owner Cost, Percent of Household Income, 2017 A18 Table A - 33 Median Housing Costs vs. Median Family Income, 2014-2019 A18 Table A - 34 Median Gross Rent as a Percent of Household Income, 2017 A20 Table A - 35 Affordable Rents by Income Group in San Luis Obispo, 2019 A20 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 x APPENDIX LIST OF TABLES, CONTINUED Table B - 1 Residential Overcrowding, 2017 B3 Table B - 2 Average Household Size by Tenure, 2017 B3 Table B - 3 Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) for San Luis Obispo County, Jan. 2019 – Dec. 2028 B4 Table B - 4 Household Problems by Tenure and Income Level, 2015 B5 Table B - 5 Elderly Population in San Luis Obispo, 2010-2017 B7 Table B - 6 Elderly Householders by Tenure & Age, 2017 B7 Table B - 7 Elderly Population with Disabilities, 2017 B8 Table B - 8 Elderly Households by Income & Tenure, 2015 B9 Table B - 9 Special Needs Housing and Residential Care Facilities, 2020 B9 Table B - 10 Number of Units by Bedrooms in San Luis Obispo, 2017 B10 Table B - 11 Household Tenure by Bedrooms in San Luis Obispo, 2017 B11 Table B - 12 Large Households by Tenure in San Luis Obispo, 2017 B11 Table B - 13 Household Size by Income in San Luis Obispo, 2015 B11 Table B - 14 Female-Headed Households in San Luis Obispo, 2017 B12 Table B - 15 Persons Reporting Ambulatory or Self-Care Difficulties, 2017 B13 Table B - 16 Disability by Type and Age in San Luis Obispo, 2017 B14 Table B - 17 Developmental Disabilities by Age and Location, 2019 B14 Table B - 18 Developmental Disabilities by Residence Type, 2019 B15 Table B - 19 San Luis Obispo County Homeless Count by City, 2019 B16 Table B - 20 Emergency Shelters and Supportive Housing Facilities, 2019 B18 Table B - 21 San Luis Obispo County Farm Operations, 2017 B19 Table B - 22 Summary of Housing Needs, 2020 B23 Table C - 1 Land Use Categories Allowing Residential Uses, 2019 C2 Table C - 2 Development Standards in Nonresidential Zones, 2019 C3 Table C - 3 Development Standards in Residential Zones, 2019 C4 Table C - 4 Residential Development Standards & Exceptions, 2019 C5 Table C - 5 Estimated Housing Capacity C8 Table C - 6 Development Fee Comparison in San Luis Obispo County, 2019 C19 Table C - 7 Water Resource Availability in San Luis Obispo, 2019 C22 Table C - 8 Water Usage in San Luis Obispo, 2000-2019 C23 Table C - 9 Current Mortgage Rates C27 Table C - 10 Population Change in San Luis Obispo, 1980-2019 C29 Table D - 1 Specific Plan Development Potential in San Luis Obispo D3 Table D - 2 Areas to be Considered for Possible Rezoning, 2019 D4 Table D - 3 “Pipeline” Residential Projects in San Luis Obispo, 2019 D6 Table D - 4 Entitled Residential Projects in San Luis Obispo, 2019 D7 Table D - 5 RHNA Credit Captured in 2019 (1/1/2019 to 12/31/2019) D8 Table D - 6 Maximum Residential Density & Number of Dwellings Allowed by Right D9 Table D - 7 Residential Densities of Recent Projects on Small Sites D11 Table D - 8 Residential Capacity of San Luis Obispo D17 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 xi APPENDIX LIST OF TABLES, CONTINUED Table E - 1 Maximum Density by Zone and Slope E5 Table E - 2 Residential Capacity by Parcel and Survey Subarea E9 Table E - 3 Residential Capacity by Parcel and Specific Plan Area E25 Table F - 1 Affordable Housing Units by Income Level, 2020 F2 Table F - 2 Affordable Housing Units by Program, 2020 F2 Table F - 3 Affordable Housing Units by Tenure, 2020 F2 Table F - 4 Inventory of Deed-Restricted Affordable Housing Units, 2020 F3 Table H - 1 Housing Element Program Evaluation, 5th Cycle (2014-2019) H1 Table I - 1 Program Implementation Details I2 APPENDIX LIST OF FIGURES Figure A - 1 San Luis Obispo Population Pyramid, 2017 A4 Figure A - 2 Residential Sales Prices vs. Median Family Income, 2014-2019 A19 Figure C - 1 General Plan Anticipated Housing and Population Growth C9 Figure C - 2 Citywide Capital Facilities Fee Schedule, 2018 C20 Figure D - 1 Small Sites Example, 2062 Price Street D12 Figure D - 2 Small Sites Example, 577 Branch Street D13 Figure D - 3 Small Sites Example, 3085 McMillan Avenue D14 Figure D - 4 Small Sites Example, 3460 Broad Street D14 Figure D - 5 Small Sites Example, 1166 Higuera Street D15 Figure E - 1 Residential Capacity Survey Subareas E2 Figure E - 2 Residential Capacity by Survey Subarea E7 Figure E - 3 Residential Capacity by Zone E8 Figure F - 1 Map of Affordable Housing Units by Tenure, 2020 F7 Figure F - 2 Map of Affordable Housing Units by Income Level, 2020 F8 Figure F - 3 Map of Affordable Housing Units by Program, 2020 F9 *** City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 1 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.10 Purpose The City has prepared this document to help its citizen’s secure adequate and affordable housing, and to meet State law. In addition, this Housing Element update has the following basic objectives: • To evaluate and quantify community housing needs, constraints and available resources to effectively satisfy those needs; • To increase public awareness and understanding of the City's housing situation and its goals to encourage public participation in addressing those housing needs; • To provide a comprehensive document that includes goals, policies and programs to help guide community efforts to meet housing needs through informed decision-making on land use and housing choices; • To help develop more affordable housing, and a wider variety of housing, to meet the City's housing needs for the 6th cycle planning period; • To track and document the effectiveness of City programs in meeting housing needs, and to evaluate opportunities for improving those programs; • To enable the City to secure financial assistance for the construction of affordable housing for extremely low, very low-, low- and moderate-income persons; and • To fully integrate environmental sustainability, “smart growth” and conservation strategies into the City’s housing policy. Under State law, cities are responsible for planning for the well-being of their citizens. This Housing Element sets forth the City’s policies and detailed programs for meeting existing and future housing needs, for preserving and enhancing neighborhoods, and for increasing affordable housing opportunities for extremely low, very-low, low and moderate income persons and households. It is the primary policy guide for local decision-making on all housing matters. The Housing Element also describes the City´s demographic, economic and housing factors, as required by State law. 1.20 What is a Housing Element The Housing Element is one of the seven required elements of the General Plan and is the primary document that local jurisdictions in California use to plan for current and future housing needs. State Housing Element law, enacted in 1969, mandates that each local government in California create a Housing Element to adequately plan to meet the existing and projected housing needs of City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 2 all segments of the population. The Housing Element must be consistent with all other elements of the General Plan and is updated on a regular basis. The law acknowledges that for the private market to adequately address housing needs and demand, local governments must adopt plans and regulatory systems that support housing development. As a result, the successful growth of a community rests largely upon the implementation of local general plans, and in particular, the Housing Element. Each jurisdiction’s projected housing need during the Housing Element planning period is determined through the Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) process, which is based on projected Statewide growth in households as determined by the California Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD). Through the RHNA process, HCD distributes the Statewide projected housing need among the regions in the State, where each regional council of government allocates the projected regional growth to local jurisdictions within the region. The total housing need for each jurisdiction is distributed among income categories, requiring each jurisdiction to plan to meet the need for housing for households at all income levels. The agency responsible for distributing the RHNA in San Luis Obispo County is the San Luis Obispo Council of Government (SLOCOG). Each city and county in California is required to produce a Housing Element that demonstrates the jurisdiction’s ability to accommodate the housing need identified in its RHNA during the Housing Element planning period. This Housing Element covers the 6th cycle Housing Element planning period, which differs from previous update cycles as a result of recent changes in State Law, which are discussed below. 1.30 Consistency with State Law California cities and counties must prepare housing elements as required by State law set forth in Sections 65580 to 65589.8 of the California Government Code. The law mandates that housing elements include “identification and analysis of existing and projected housing needs and a statement of goals, policies, quantified objectives and scheduled programs for the preservation, improvement and development of housing.” State housing goals rely on the effective implementation of housing policies at the local level. To ensure local housing policies are consistent with State law, the State Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) reviews local housing elements and reports its written findings to the local government. Housing elements must also be consistent with the jurisdiction’s other general plan elements and must address several specific requirements regarding the element’s scope and content. Within the last several years, new state laws have been approved that impacts housing and specifically the information that must be contained within the Housing Element. Two of these laws are discussed below. SB 375 In an effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions associated with passenger cars, Senate Bill 375 calls for local jurisdictions and regional planning agencies to better coordinate land use plans with existing and planned transit investments and to plan for a greater proportion of residential and City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 3 employment growth in areas accessible to transit. One outcome of the effort to coordinate housing and transit planning has been the eight-year planning period (2020-2028) for the upcoming Housing Element Update, rather than the five planning period that was used in previous Housing Element Update cycles, in order to coordinate the timing of the Housing Element Update with the Regional Transportation Plan. SB 166 – No Net Loss SB 166 requires local planning agencies to identify additional low-income housing sites in their housing element when market-rate housing is developed on a site currently identified for low- income housing. Appendix E outlines the City’s inventory, including the anticipated location of affordable and market-rate units. The inventory contains sufficient properties, that if a property is developed with market rate units instead of low-income units, there are other sites available to make up the difference. This ensures that there is no net loss of availability of potentially low- income housing sites. 1.40 General Plan Consistency The Housing Element is one part of the City of San Luis Obispo General Plan. State law requires that general plans contain an integrated and internally consistent set of goals or policies. Although the Housing Element is the primary source of information on housing policies, programs and resources, other General Plan documents also address or affect housing. By law, new development projects must be consistent with all elements of the General Plan. For example, the Land Use Element and Circulation Element set the City's policies for land use and transportation, which in turn, affect how, when and where the City's housing needs can best be met. While housing is important, it is but one of many community goals the General Plan addresses. The other elements contain policies that seek to preserve and enhance the quality of life San Luis Obispo citizens enjoy. Clean air and water, open space, parks and recreation, preservation of natural, historic, and cultural resources, public services and safety are also essential community attributes. These policies are of equal importance with those of the Housing Element. City Staff has reviewed the goals, policies, and programs of other General Plan Elements and determined that the Housing Element is consistent with the City’s other General Plan elements. Additionally, the policies and programs in the Housing Element reflect policies and programs contained in other parts of the General Plan. As other elements are updated or amended, the Housing Element will be reviewed to ensure General Plan consistency is maintained. 1.50 Citizen Participation The Housing Element expresses the community’s housing priorities, goals, values and hopes for the future. Preparing the Element is a sizable task that involves extensive community input and the work of many individuals. Under State law, local governments must be diligent in soliciting participation by all segments of the community in this effort. During preparation of this Element Update, citizen participation was actively encouraged through the following forums: City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 4 • One public workshop focusing on housing needs, issues, and opportunities in the community. • Two online public surveys. • Three public meetings before the Planning Commission and two public meetings before the City Council. • Posted the Draft Housing Element on the City’s website. • Public notices for meetings, outreach events and online surveys were distributed in local newspapers and public radio, the City’s website, Twitter, and Facebook. • Regular e-mail updates to a list of interested parties with a link to the City’s website that contained links to staff reports, draft housing element and housing resources. • Presentations and discussions with a variety of stakeholder groups including San Luis Obispo Association of Realtors, Economic Vitality Corporation, Home Builders Association, and Chamber of Commerce. Participation in the workshops and meetings from a variety of residents and stakeholders has resulted in an improved understanding of existing housing programs and housing issues in the community and increased public participation in the update process. Input from residents and stakeholder groups has been instrumental in providing information for program modifications and in providing a better sense of housing issues for the decision-makers when considering new policies or programs. Feedback from the workshops, presentations, and meetings, as well as other correspondence, were used to inform the changes to the Housing Element Goals, Policies and Programs. The most frequently repeated comments and suggestions regarding housing were the topics of affordability, higher density and missing middle housing. Updates to the Housing Element include new and revised policies and programs that address these topics. These changes include pursuing flexible density in Downtown and Upper Monterey and Mid-Higuera Special Focus Areas (Program 2.15), encouraging “missing middle” type housing (Policy 5.4 and Program 5.6) and local preference (Policy 10.2 and Program 10.4), and updating the Inclusionary Housing Ordinance (Program 2.13). City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 5 Chapter 2 COMMUNITY FACTORS 2.10 Community Overview San Luis Obispo is a compact urban community blessed with rich ethnic, cultural, and historical traditions. Its namesake, Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa, founded in 1772, stands as the community’s physical, cultural, and spiritual center. With an estimated 2019 population of 46,802 people, San Luis Obispo is the largest city in terms of population in San Luis Obispo County and serves as the County seat. Situated in a valley and framed by rolling hills, the City’s setting and visual character are distinctive. The “morros”, a series of weathered peaks that are the remnants of ancient volcanoes, transect the City and create the City’s unique skyline. San Luis Obispo is home to California Polytechnic State University, Cuesta College and Camp San Luis Obispo (California Army National Guard), and is the retail, business, governmental, and transportation hub of the County. In assessing the City’s housing issues and needs, many factors were considered. These factors became the foundation for the Element’s preliminary goals, policies, and programs. Preliminary housing goals and policies were then refined through the public review process. An overview of these factors is described below, including snapshots of the City’s key demographic, economic and housing characteristics. An analysis of community factors is provided in Appendix A. 2.20 Demographic Snapshots ❑ San Luis Obispo’s population has grown at a slow, steady pace since 1980. Since 2011, the City’s population has increased slightly at varying rates. During this period, annual population change never exceeded one percent, and only four times did it change more than half a percent (see Table A-1, Appendix A). ❑ When compared with California, the most ethnically diverse state in the nation, the City and County of San Luis Obispo are less ethnically diverse. The 2017 Census1 found that 72 percent of the City is white, about five percent is Asian, with much smaller percentages of Native Americans, Pacific Islanders, other single races or persons self-identifying with two or more races. Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin are classified separately under the 2017 Census and can be of any race. About 17 percent of the City’s population is Hispanic, compared with 22 and 39 percent in the County and State, respectively. ❑ Many segments of the City’s population have difficulty finding affordable housing due to their economic, physical, or sociological circumstances. These special needs groups may include the elderly, families, single parent households, people with disabilities, very low and low-income residents, and the homeless. ❑ In 2017, City households earned less, on the average, than their County and State 1 U.S. Census 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 6 counterparts. The median household income was $49,640, compared with $67,175for the County and $76,975Statewide. This reflects the high percentage of student households in San Luis Obispo. Many students attending California State Polytechnic University (Cal Poly) and Cuesta College are nominally classified as lower income, although they often have significant financial resources through parental support. ❑ While median City household incomes were less than many other areas of coastal California, median City housing costs were higher than both the County and State. Housing costs in San Luis Obispo have risen sharply in recent years while average household incomes have risen slowly or remained steady. Despite the housing market’s upturn after the Great Recession (20078 to 2009), there is a continuing disparity between household income and housing costs which forces many to seek housing outside the City. ❑ San Luis Obispo contains the largest concentration of jobs in the County. During workdays, the City’s population increases to an estimated 55,733 persons2 (excluding any overnight visitors); this is an increase of 8,931 persons each workday. 2.30 Housing Snapshots ❑ The City median housing sales price has increased since the previous housing element in 2015. Since 2015 the median real estate sales price has increased steadily from $546,600 to $693,000 in 2019. By comparison, the median sales price in the County in 2015 was $478,700, and $585,800 in 2019. This pattern in both the City and County was also seen in the State, which saw a median sales price of $398,300 in 2015 and $500,500 in 2019. ❑ The City has seen a steady number of building permits for new housing units being issued each year since 2014. From 2014 to 2018 an average of 125 building permits were issued each year resulting in a total of 600 multi-family dwellings and 377 new single-family dwellings over the five years. ❑ The City’s housing tenure is approximately 38 percent owner-occupied and 62 percent renter occupied. From 2010 to 2017 the City saw a one percent decrease in owner-occupied housing units. In contrast, the County and State saw increases in renter-occupied housing units of two percent and six percent, respectively. ❑ San Luis Obispo’s housing market is strongly influenced by Cal Poly University and Cuesta College enrollment. Owner occupied housing units saw a one percent decrease since 2010 even with the large increase of on-campus student housing at Cal Poly. Cuesta College does not offer on-campus housing. Most of the area’s students live off campus in single family or multi-family rental units in the City of San Luis Obispo. Students often live together in a house and share rental costs. Consequently, college students will out- 2 The estimate uses 2017 & 2018 data from SLOCOG; this number takes the total population and subtracts the number of people who leave the City throughout the day, and adds both the number of people coming into the City of SLO during the AM peak period (such as people who work in the city) AND the number of people who are entering the city during off-peak hours and exiting during peak hour (in order to include short-term visits for shopping, part-time jobs, etc.). City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 7 compete non-student households for rental housing in areas that were historically single- family residential neighborhoods. ❑ Approximately 63 percent of the City’s housing stock was built before 1980. Despite its age, the City’s housing stock is generally in fair to good condition, with little outward evidence of substandard or blighted conditions. Illegal garage conversions and “bootleg” second units in low- and medium-density residential neighborhoods, lack of property maintenance, noise and parking have been the focus of citizen complaints and city code enforcement actions. ❑ While San Luis Obispo City appears mostly “built out,” significant areas of developable land remain that could help meet existing and future housing needs. A residential capacity inventory conducted by the City in 2018 (see Appendix E) indicates that the City has approximately 540 acres of vacant, underutilized, or blighted property that can accommodate approximately 3,155 dwelling units. Much of this capacity is located within the new development areas of San Luis Ranch and Avila Ranch. 2.40 Neighborhood Snapshots ❑ San Luis Obispo became a town in 1856. It has evolved from a small rural village of just over 2,200 people in 1880 to a vibrant “metropolitan” area. Its diverse neighborhoods reflect that evolution in terms of land use, population density, street width and appearance, applicable development codes and architectural style. The oldest neighborhoods are close to the downtown area, roughly bordered by State Highway 101, the railroad tracks and High Street. The newest neighborhoods are in the south and southwest areas of the City. ❑ San Luis Obispo has a strong “sense of place.” It began with the founding of Mission San Luis Obispo De Tolosa in 1772, and before that, was home to a large Chumash settlement, attracted to the area due to its mild climate and abundant resources. San Luis Obispo has been shaped by persons of many backgrounds, including: Native Americans, Spanish, Mexican, Chinese, English, French, German, Irish, Portuguese, Swiss-Italian, Japanese, Filipino, and many others. The community takes pride in its rich, multi-ethnic, and multi- cultural heritage, and its many historic homes and commercial buildings. Architectural and historic preservation are important considerations in many neighborhoods. ❑ San Luis Obispo’s neighborhoods traditionally have been made up mostly of single-family housing. Low-density, detached single-family housing is still the City’s predominant residential land use by land area. Of the roughly 8,600 acres of zoned land, residential zones account for over 41 percent of total zoned land area within City limits. The San Luis Obispo General Plan provides four residential zones, plus nine zones where housing is allowed with special approval. Appendix C, Table C-1 shows the land use zones that allow housing, their existing acreage and the ranges of density allowed. ❑ Code enforcement, neighborhood compatibility and property maintenance complaints in low- and medium-density residential neighborhoods have remained around the same year to year. Between 2014 and 2019, Community Development Department staff responded to City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 8 an average of 253 code enforcement cases per year that included building and zoning code violations, garage conversions, substandard housing, high-occupancy residential uses, fence height, trailers, noise disturbances, parking and land use violations. Neighborhood Services code enforcement cases, which include violations such as visible storage, failure to screen waste containers, dead or overgrown vegetation and yard parking fluctuated during the last 5 years with an average of 618 cases per year. ❑ Neighborhood preservation is addressed by several City departments. In 2000, the Office of Neighborhood Services was established as part of the Police Department to address parking, property maintenance, and noise violations. Police Department SNAP employees (Student Neighborhood Assistance Program) conduct enforcement in neighborhoods during evening hours and will issue warnings and citiations. An average of 2,381 parking citations for violations in residential parking permit districts and 457 Disturbance Advisory Cards (DACs) were issued. The Police Department is also a part of the SLO Solutions Program which offers free conflict resolution and mediation to City residents. The program has served an average of 1,286 residents over the last 5 years. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 9 Chapter 3 GOALS, POLICIES, AND PROGRAMS 3.10 Overview This chapter includes the Housing Implementation Plan for the 6th Cycle Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) period (2020-2028). The following goals, policies and programs are based on an assessment of the City’s needs, opportunities, and constraints, and an evaluation of its existing policies and programs. 3.20 Goals, Policies, and Programs This chapter describes the City’s housing goals, policies and programs, which together form the blueprint for housing actions during the Housing Element’s planning period. Goals, policies, and programs are listed in top-to-bottom order, with goals at the top and being the most general statements, working down to programs, the most specific statements of intent. Here are how the three policy levels differ: ❑ Goals are the desired results that the City will attempt to reach over the long term. They are general expressions of community values or preferred end states, and therefore, are abstract in nature and are rarely fully attained. While it may not be possible to attain all goals during this Element's planning period, they will, nonetheless, be the basis for City policies and actions during this period. ❑ Policies are specific statements that will guide decision-making. Policies serve as the directives to developers, builders, design professionals, decision makers and others who will initiate or review new development projects. Some policies stand alone as directives, but others require that additional actions be taken. These additional actions are listed under “programs” below. Most policies have a time frame that fits within this Element’s planning period. In this context, “shall” means the policy is mandatory; “should” or “will” indicate the policy should be followed unless there are compelling or contradictory reasons to do otherwise. ❑ Programs are the core of the City’s housing strategy. These include on-going programs, procedural changes, general plan changes, rezoning or other actions that help achieve housing goals. Programs translate goals and policies into actions. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 10 Goal 1: Safety Provide safe, decent shelter for all residents. Policies 1.1 Assist those citizens unable to obtain safe shelter on their own. 1.2 Support and inform the public about fair housing laws and programs that allow equal housing access for all city residents. 1.3 Maintain a level of housing code enforcement to correct unsafe, unsanitary, or illegal conditions and to preserve the inventory of safe housing, consistent with City Council’s code enforcement priorities. 1.4 Assist owners of older residences with information on ways to repair and upgrade older structures to meet higher levels of building safety, efficiency, and sustainability. Programs 1.5 Correct unsafe, unsanitary, or illegal housing conditions, improve accessibility and energy efficiency and improve neighborhoods by using Federal, State and local housing funds, such as Community Development Block Grant Funds 1.6 Continue code enforcement to expedite the removal of illegal or unsafe dwellings, to eliminate hazardous site or property conditions, and resolve chronic building safety problems. 1.7 Continue to support local and regional solutions to homelessness by funding supportive programs services, and housing solutions. Goal 2: Affordability Accommodate affordable housing production that helps meet the City’s Quantified Objectives. Policies 2.1 Income Levels for Affordable Housing households. For purposes of this Housing Element, affordable housing is that which is obtainable by a household with a particular income level, as further described in the City’s Affordable Housing Standards. Housing affordable to Extremely Low, Very Low, Low, and Moderate-income persons or households shall be considered “deed-restricted affordable housing.” Income levels are defined as follows: • Extremely low : 30% or less of County Area median household income City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 11 • Very low: 31 to 50% of County Area median household income. • Low: 51% to 80% of County Area median household income. • Moderate: 81% to 120% of County Area median household income. • Above moderate: 121% or more of County Area median household income. 2.2 Index of Affordability. The Index of Affordability shall be based on the City’s Affordable Housing Standards, updated annually per the County of San Luis Obispo’s Area Median Income determined by California Department of Housing and Community Development. 2.3 For housing to qualify as “deed-restricted affordable” under the provisions of this Element, guarantees must be presented that ownership or rental housing units will remain affordable for the longest period allowed by State law. 2.4 Encourage housing production for all financial strata of the City's population, as allocated in the Regional Housing Needs Allocation, for the 6th cycle planning period. The number of units per income category are: extremely low and very low income, 825 units; low income, 520 units; moderate income, 604 units; and above moderate income, 1,405 units. Programs 2.5 Continue to manage the Affordable Housing Fund so that the fund serves as a sustainable resource for supporting affordable housing development. The fund shall serve as a source of both grant funding and below-market financing for affordable housing projects; and funds shall be used to support a wide variety of housing types at the following income levels: extremely low, very low, low, and moderate, but with a focus on production efficiency to maximize housing benefits for the City’s financial investment, and to support high-quality housing projects that would not be feasible without Affordable Housing Fund support. 2.6 Continue to review existing and proposed building, planning, engineering and fire policies and standards as housing developments are reviewed to determine whether changes are possible that could assist the production of affordable housing, or that would encourage preservation of housing rather than conversion to non-residential uses, provided such changes would not conflict with other General Plan policies. Such periodic reviews will seek to remove regulations that have been superseded, are redundant, or no longer needed. 2.7 Continue to prioritize procedures that speed up the processing of applications, construction permits, and water and sewer service priorities for affordable housing projects. City staff and commissions shall give such projects priority in allocating work assignments, scheduling, conferences and hearings. 2.8 Continue to coordinate public and private sector actions to encourage the development of housing that meets the City’s housing needs. 2.9 Continue to assist with the issuance of bonds, tax credit financing, loan underwriting or other financial tools to help develop or preserve affordable units through various programs. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 12 2.10 Consider updating the Affordable Housing Standards to include Homeowners’ Association (HOA) fees and a standard allowance for utilities in the calculation for affordable rents and home sales prices. 2.11 In conjunction with the Housing Authority and other local housing agencies, continue to provide on-going technical assistance and education to tenants, property owners and the community at large on the need to preserve at-risk units as well as the available tools to help them do so. 2.12 In conjunction with housing providers and the residential design community, continue to provide planning services as requested by the public, builders, design professionals and developers regarding strategies to achieve affordable housing and density bonuses. 2.13 Update the Inclusionary Housing Ordinance, including Table 2A, based on findings and recommendations in the 2020 Affordable Housing Nexus Study and conduct further feasibility analysis in order to evaluate the City’s ability to provide affordable housing in the proportions shown in the Regional Housing Needs Allocation, per Policy 2.4. 2.14 Continue to support increasing residential densities above state density bonus allowances for projects that provide housing for extremely low, very low, and low-income households. 2.15 Evaluate a flexible density pilot program and initiate an update of the Zoning Regulations and Community Design Guidelines to incorporate flexible density development options in Downtown and portions of Upper Monterey and Mid-Higuera Special Focus Areas to support the production of smaller residential units (150 to 600 square feet). Goal 3: Housing Conservation Conserve existing housing and prevent the loss of safe housing and the displacement of current occupants. Policies 3.1 Continue to encourage the rehabilitation, remodeling or relocation of sound or rehabitable housing rather than demolition. Demolition of non-historic housing may be permitted where conservation of existing housing would preclude the achievement of other housing objectives or adopted City goals. 3.2 Discourage the removal or replacement of housing affordable to extremely low, very-low, low- and moderate income households, and avoid permit approvals, private development, municipal actions or public projects that remove or adversely impact such housing unless such actions are necessary to achieve General Plan objectives and: (1) it can be demonstrated that rehabilitation of lower-cost units at risk of replacement is financially or physically infeasible, or (2) an equivalent number of new units comparable or better in affordability and amenities to those being replaced is provided, or (3) the project will correct substandard, blighted or unsafe housing; and (4) removal or replacement will not City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 13 adversely affect housing which is already designated, or is determined to qualify for designation as a historic resource. 3.3 Encourage the construction, preservation, rehabilitation or expansion of residential hotels, group homes, integrated community apartments, and single-room occupancy dwellings. 3.4 Preserve historic homes and other types of historic residential buildings, historic districts and unique or landmark neighborhood features. 3.5 Encourage and support creative strategies for the rehabilitation and adaptation and reuse of residential, commercial, and industrial structures for housing. Programs 3.6 Continue to encourage the creation of dwellings in the Downtown Core (C-D Zone) and the Downtown Planning Area by continuing the “no net housing loss” program, consistent with Chapter 17.142 (Downtown Housing Conversion Regulations) of the Zoning Regulations. 3.7 Continue to identify residential properties and districts eligible for local, State or Federal historic listing in accordance with guidelines and standards help property owners repair, rehabilitate and improve properties in a historically and architecturally sensitive manner. 3.8 Continue to monitor and track affordable housing units at-risk of being converted to market rate housing annually. Provide resources to support the Housing Authority, and local housing agencies, purchase and manage at-risk units. 3.9 Working with non-profit organizations, faith-based organizations, or the Housing Authority of the City of San Luis Obispo, the City will encourage rehabilitation of residential, commercial, or industrial buildings to expand extremely low, very-low, low or moderate income rental housing opportunities. Goal 4: Mixed-Income Housing Preserve and accommodate existing and new mixed-income neighborhoods and seek to prevent neighborhoods or housing types that are segregated by economic status. Policies 4.1 Within newly developed neighborhoods, housing that is affordable to various economic strata should be intermixed rather than segregated into separate enclaves. The mix should be comparable to the relative percentages of extremely low, very-low, low, moderate and above-moderate income households in the City’s quantified objectives. 4.2 Include both market-rate and affordable units in apartment and residential condominium projects and intermix the types of units. Affordable units should be comparable in size, City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 14 appearance, and basic quality to market-rate units. 4.3 Extremely-low and very low-income housing, such as that developed by the Housing Authority of the City of San Luis Obispo or other housing providers, may be located in any zone that allows housing, and should be dispersed throughout the City rather than concentrated in one neighborhood or zone. 4.4 In its discretionary actions, housing programs and activities, the City shall affirmatively further fair housing and promote equal housing opportunities for persons of all economic segments of the community. Programs 4.5 Review new development proposals for compliance with City regulations and revise projects or establish conditions of approval as needed to implement the mixed-income policies. 4.6 Amend the City’s Inclusionary Housing Ordinance to require that affordable units in a development be of similar size, number of bedrooms, character and basic quality as the non-restricted units in locations that avoid segregation of such units, including equivalent ways to satisfy the requirement. Also evaluate adjusting the City’s allowable sales prices for deed-restricted affordable units per a variety of unit types. Goal 5: Housing Variety Provide variety in the type, size, and style of dwellings. Policies 5.1 Encourage mixed-use residential/commercial projects in all commercial zones, especially those close to activity centers. 5.2 New planned housing developments should provide a variety of dwelling types, sizes and styles. 5.3 Encourage the development of a variety of “missing middle” housing types. Program 5.4 Evaluate opportunities for promoting “missing middle” housing types (e.g. duplex, triplex, quadplex, cottages, etc.) to increase housing options in the City. 5.5 Consider amending the Zoning Regulations to streamline the permitting process for mixed- used projects in commercial zones. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 15 Goal 6: Housing Production Facilitate the production of housing to meet the full range of community housing needs. Policies 6.1 Consistent with the growth management portion of its Land Use Element and the availability of adequate resources, the City will plan to accommodate up to 3,354 dwelling units for the 6th Cycle Housing Element update in accordance with the assigned Regional Housing Needs Allocation. 6.2 If City services must be rationed to development projects, residential projects will be given priority over non-residential projects. Housing affordable to lower income households will be given first priority. 6.3 City costs of providing services to housing development will be minimized. Other than for existing housing programs encouraging housing affordable to extremely low, very-low and low income persons, the City will not make new housing more affordable by shifting costs to existing residents. 6.4 When sold, purchased, or redeveloped for public or private uses, City-owned properties within the urban reserve shall include housing as either a freestanding project or part of a mixed-use development where land is suitable and appropriate for housing. 6.5 Support the redevelopment of excess public and private utility properties for housing where appropriately located and consistent with the General Plan. 6.6 Consistent with the City’s goal to stimulate higher density infill where appropriate in the Downtown, Upper Monterey, and Mid-Higuera Special Focus Areas,, the City shall consider changes to the Zoning Regulations that would allow for flexible density standards that support the development of smaller apartments and efficiency units. 6.7 Encourage and support partnerships to increase housing opportunities specifically targeted towards the local workforce. 6.8 To help meet the 6th cycle RHNA production targets, the City will support residential infill development and promote higher residential density where appropriate. 6.9 Specific plans for any new area identified shall include R-3 and R-4 zoned land to ensure sufficient land is designated at appropriate densities to accommodate the development of extremely low-, very low- and low-income dwellings. Programs 6.10 Maintain the General Plan and Residential Growth Management Regulations (SLOMC 17.144) exemption for new housing in the Downtown Core (C-D zone), accessory dwelling units (ADUs), and new housing in other zones for deed-restricted extremely-low, very low, City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 16 low- and moderate income households, pursuant to the Affordable Housing Standards. 6.11 Continue to allow flexible parking regulations for housing development, especially in the Downtown Core (C-D Zone), including the possibilities of flexible use of city parking facilities by Downtown residents, where appropriate, and reduced or no parking requirements where appropriate guarantees limit occupancies to persons without motor vehicles or who provide proof of reserved, off-site parking. Such developments may be subject to requirements for parking use fees, use limitations and enforcement provisions. 6.12 Continue to develop incentives to encourage additional housing in the Downtown, Upper Monterey, and Mid-Higuera Special Focus Areas, particularly in mixed-use developments. Density based on flexible density in a project should be explored to encourage the development of smaller units. 6.13 Consider General Plan amendments to rezone commercial, manufacturing, or public facility zoned areas for higher-density, infill or mixed-use housing where compatible with surrounding development. For example, areas to be considered for possible rezoning include, but are not limited to the following sites: A) 1499 San Luis Drive (rezone vacant and underutilized School District property) B) 1642 Johnson Avenue (vacant School District property) C) 4325 South Higuera Street (former P.G.&E. yard) D) 4355 Vachell Lane (vehicle storage) E) 2143 Johnson Avenue (adjacent to County Health Department) F) 11950 Los Osos Valley Road (Pacific Beach High School) G) 2500 Block of Boulevard Del Campo (adjacent to Sinsheimer Park) H) 12165 & 12193 Los Osos Valley Road (adjacent to Home Depot) I) 1150 & 1160 Laurel Lane (Atoll Business & Technology Center) J) 600 Tank Farm Road (Temporary Unimproved Parking Area) 6.14 Continue to provide resources that support the SLO County Housing Trust fund’s efforts to provide below-market financing and technical assistance to affordable housing developers as a way to increase affordable housing production in the City of San Luis Obispo. 6.15 Encourage residential development through infill development and densification within City Limits and in designated expansion areas over new annexation of land. 6.16 Seek opportunities with other public and private agencies to identify excess, surplus, and underutilized parcels for residential development. 6.17 Continue to incentivize affordable housing development consistent with SLOMC Affordable Housing Incentives. 6.18 Continue to financially assist in the development of housing affordable to extremely low, very-low, low- and moderate income households during the planning period using State, City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 17 Federal, and local funding sources, with funding priority given to projects that result in the maximum housing benefits for the lowest household income levels. 6.19 Actively seek new revenue sources, including State, Federal and private/non-profit sources, and financing mechanisms to assist with the development of housing affordable to extremely low, very low and low or moderate income households 6.20 Continue to update the Affordable Housing Incentives (Chapter 17.140, SLOMC) and Zoning Regulations to ensure density bonus incentives are consistent with State Law. 6.21 Evaluate and consider updating the Subdivision Regulations to support small lot subdivisions, ownership bungalow court development and other alternatives to conventional subdivision design. 6.22 Continue to submit the Housing Element Annual Progress Report (APR) to the State Department of Housing and Community Development and the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research on or before April 1st of each year for the prior calendar year, pursuant to Government Code Section 65400. Goal 7: Neighborhood Quality Maintain, preserve, and enhance the quality of neighborhoods. Policies 7.1 Within established neighborhoods, new residential development should be of compatible design that respects the existing neighborhood character, to enhance the quality of life for existing and future residents. 7.2 Higher density housing should maintain high quality standards for unit design, privacy, security, amenities, and public and private open space. Such standards should be flexible enough to allow innovative design solutions. 7.3 New residential developments should incorporate pedestrian and bicycle linkages that provide direct, convenient and safe access to adjacent neighborhoods, schools, parks, and shopping areas. 7.4 Discourage the creation of walled-off or physical separations between residential enclaves, or of separate, unconnected tracts to enhance, the formation of safe, walkable, and enjoyable neighborhoods. 7.5 Housing should be sited to enhance safety along neighborhood streets and in other public and semi-public areas. 7.6 The physical design of neighborhoods and dwellings should promote walking and bicycling and preserve open spaces and views. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 18 7.7 Continue to encourage strategies and programs that increase long-term residency and stabilization in neighborhoods. 7.8 Preserve the fabric, amenities, yards (i.e. setbacks), and overall character and quality of life of established neighborhoods. 7.9 Encourage neighborhood design elements that improve overall health of residents such as providing safe and convenient opportunities to access food outlets and active places for recreational exercise. Programs 7.10 Continue to utilize a diverse range of outreach methods, including email notifications, the City’s website and social media accounts, and neighborhood outreach meetings to ensure residents are aware of and able to participate in planning decisions affecting their neighborhoods early in the planning process. 7.11 Continue to work directly with neighborhood groups and individuals to address concerns pertaining to neighborhood needs, problems, trends, and opportunities for physical improvements. 7.12 Continue to fund neighborhood improvements, including parks, sidewalks, traffic calming devices, crosswalks, parkways, street trees and street lighting to improve aesthetics, safety and accessibility. 7.13 Continue the City’s Neighborhood Services and Code Enforcement programs to support neighborhood wellness. Goal 8: Special Housing Needs Encourage the creation and maintenance of housing for those with special housing needs. Policies 8.1 Encourage housing development that meets a variety of special needs, including large families, single parents, disabled persons, the elderly, students, veterans, the homeless, or those seeking congregate care, group housing, single-room occupancy, or co-housing accommodations, utilizing universal design. 8.2 Preserve manufactured housing or mobile home parks and support changes in these forms of tenure only if such changes provide residents with greater long-term security or comparable housing in terms of quality, cost, and livability. 8.3 Encourage Cal Poly University to continue to develop on-campus student housing to meet existing and future needs and to lessen pressure on City housing supply and transportation City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 19 systems. 8.4 Strengthen the role of on-campus housing by encouraging Cal Poly University to require freshmen and sophomore students to live on campus. 8.5 Locate fraternities and sororities on the Cal Poly University campus. Until that is possible, they should be located in Medium-High and High-Density residential zones near the campus. 8.6 Encourage Cal Poly University to develop and maintain faculty and staff housing, consistent with the General Plan. 8.7 Disperse special needs living facilities throughout the City where public transit and commercial services are available, rather than concentrating them in one district. 8.8 Continue to support regional efforts to address homelessness. 8.9 Encourage a variety of housing types that accommodate persons with disabilities and promote aging in place and include amenities such as visiting space, first floor accessibility, etc. 8.10 Assist the homeless and those at risk of becoming homeless by supporting shelters, temporary housing, and transitional housing. Programs 8.11 Continue to provide resources that support local and regional solutions to meet the needs of the homeless and continue to support, jointly with other agencies, shelters and programs, such as Housing First and Rapid Rehousing, for the homeless and for displaced individuals and families. 8.12 Continue to enforce the mobile home rent stabilization program to minimize increases in the cost of mobile home park space rents. 8.13 Support opportunities within the City suitable for tenant-owned mobile-home parks, cooperative or limited equity housing, manufactured housing, self-help housing, or other types of housing that meets special needs. 8.14 Advocate developing more housing and refurbishing campus housing at Cal Poly University. 8.15 Work with Cal Poly University Administration to secure designation of on-campus fraternity/sorority living groups. 8.16 Continue to support “good neighbor programs” with Cal Poly State University, Cuesta College, the City and local residents. The programs should continue to improve City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 20 communication and cooperation between all groups about student housing in residential neighborhoods. 8.17 Provide public educational information at various City Offices, on the City website, and other electronic media platforms on universal design concepts (i.e. aging in place) for new and existing residential dwellings. 8.18 Amend the Zoning Regulations to allow homeless shelters, transitional housing and supportive housing (low barrier navigation centers) in all residential zones, areas zoned for mixed-uses, and nonresidential zones permitting multifamily uses without a conditional use permit to be alignment with Government Code Section 65660 (AB 101). 8.19 Continue to look for partnership opportunities with non-profit housing developers and service providers to acquire vacant, blighted, or underutilized properties (land, retail or commercial space, motels, apartments, housing units, mobile home parks) for conversion into affordable permanent and supportive housing for homeless persons and families. 8.20 Continue to seek State, Federal, and local funding sources to encourage and financially assist the development of housing for persons with developmental disabilities. 8.21 Continue to coordinate with the County Department of Social Services, Homeless Services Oversight Council (HSOC), social service providers, and non-profit organizations to identify, evaluate, and implement strategies to reduce the impacts of homelessness on the City. 8.22 Work with other jurisdictions to advocate for State legislation that would: 1) provide funding to help Cal Poly University provide adequate on-campus student housing, and 2) allow greater flexibility for State universities and community colleges to enter into public- private partnerships to construct student housing. Goal 9: Sustainable Housing Encourage housing that is resource-conserving, healthful, economical to live in, environmentally benign, and recyclable when demolished. Policies 9.1 Residential developments should promote sustainability consistent with the Climate Action Plan (CAP) and California Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24) in their design, placement, and functionality. 9.2 Residential units, subdivision layouts, and neighborhood amenities should be coordinated to support sustainable design. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 21 9.3 Continue to encourage the development of dwellings with energy-efficient designs, utilizing passive and active solar features, and the use of energy-saving techniques that exceed minimums prescribed by State law. 9.4 Continue to promote water conservation through housing and site design to help moderate the cost of housing. 9.5 Support programs that provide financing for sustainable home upgrade projects such as installation of solar panels, heating and cooling systems, water conservation and windows to improve the energy efficiency of the City’s existing housing stock. Programs 9.6 Continue to educate planning and building staff and citizen review bodies on energy conservation issues, including the City’s energy conservation policies and Climate Action Plan. Staff shall work with applicants to achieve the City’s energy conservation goals. 9.7 Continue to provide assurance of long-term solar access for new or remodeled housing and for adjacent properties, consistent with historic preservation guidelines. 9.8 Implement Climate Action Plan programs that increase the production of “green” housing units and projects and require use of sustainable and/or renewable materials, water and energy technologies (such as, but not limited to solar, wind, or thermal). 9.9 Continue to promote building materials reuse and recycling in site development and residential construction, including flexible standards for use of salvaged, recycled, and “green” building materials. Continue the City’s construction and demolition debris recycling program as described in Chapter 8.05 of the Municipal Code. 9.10 Continue to support programs for sustainable home improvements such as solar panels, heating and cooling systems, water conservation and energy efficient windows. Goal 10: Local Preference Maximize housing opportunities for those individuals who are employed in business that are located in geographic areas that are customarily included in the City’s annual jobs-housing balance analysis. Policies 10.1 Administer City housing programs and benefits, such as First Time Homebuyer Assistance or affordable housing lotteries, to give preference to individuals as outlined in Policy 10.2. 10.2 Encourage, and where legally allowed, require new housing development to give preference in the following order: 1) individuals who are employed in business that are located in geographic areas that are customarily included in the City’s annual jobs-housing City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 22 balance analysis, 2) individuals residing in the County, and 3) finally to individuals from outside the County. Programs 10.3 Continue to work with the County for any land use decisions that create significant expansion of employment in the unincorporated areas adjacent to the City to mitigate housing impacts on the City. 10.4 Continue to work with housing developers to include restrictions in purchase agreements and CCRs to require for sale units to be restricted to owner-occupants for the first five years after sale. 3.30 Implementation Tools Resources and Incentives Available for Housing Activities A variety of federal, state, and local programs and resources are available to help implement the City’s housing goals and activities. These include both financial resources, as well as in-kind incentives that help address housing needs. Tables 1, 2, and 3 list the financial resources, incentives, and other tools that have been available to help address housing needs. Availability of the resources is contingent on legislation; Federal, State, and local priorities; and continued funding, which are all subject to change. At the time of the completion of this document, facilitating housing development, especially new deed-restricted affordable housing, and reducing homelessness, are main funding priorities at all governmental levels as evidenced by State of California 2020 Budget, 2020-25 San Luis Obispo Region Urban County Consolidated Plan, and the City’s Housing Major City Goal for 2019-21.The following table displays resources and incentives currently available for housing activities: Table 1: Local Resources and Incentives Available for Housing Activities 3 “Deed-restricted affordable housing developments” includes senior living facilities, transitional/supportive housing developments, housing for veterans, etc. Local Resources Resources & Incentives Description Eligible Activities City of San Luis Obispo Affordable Housing Fund (AHF) In-lieu fees paid by developers to meet inclusionary housing requirements. Any expense in support of affordable housing development, subject to City Council approval and adopted criteria (Res. No. 9263, 2001 Series). Development Services Fee Deferrals Residential development projects that meet City affordable housing standards for extremely low, very low- and low- income households are exempt from all fees related to planning, engineering and building review, processing and permits, and water and sewer meter hook-ups. Projects with a combination of market-rate and affordable units receive the fee waiver on a per-unit basis. • Housing projects with deed- restricted affordable housing3 units • Mixed-use developments with affordable units City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 23 Impact Fee Deferrals Citywide development impact fees are deferred for affordable residential units that: 1) exceed the minimum required under inclusionary housing standards, or 2) are built, owned and managed by the Housing Authority of the City of San Luis Obispo, other government agencies, and non-profit housing agencies. • Housing projects with deed- restricted affordable units • Mixed-use developments with affordable units Density Bonus The City allows an increase in residential density which varies based on the type of affordable housing (extremely low, very low, low, or moderate income) and the percentage of total dwellings. • Housing projects with deed- restricted affordable units • Mixed-use developments with deed-restricted affordable units Alternative Incentives When developers agree to construct extremely low, very low-, low-, moderate income housing (including senior, veteran, transitional, etc. housing), the City may negotiate an alternative incentive of comparable value to the density bonus, such as exceptions to development standards, direct financial assistance, or city installation of off-site improvements. • Housing projects with deed- restricted affordable housing units • Mixed-use developments with affordable units Flexible Development Standards A variety of flexible development standards are available for deed-restricted affordable housing (including senior housing, veteran housing, transitional housing, etc.) and for the preservation and rehabilitation of historic homes and apartments. These include easing of parking standards and building setbacks, height and lot coverage exceptions (with approval of Planned Development rezoning), and provisions for restoring non-conforming residential buildings following a fire or other disaster. • Housing projects with deed restricted affordable housing units • Mixed-use developments with deed restricted affordable units • Historic homes and apartments • Planned residential developments • Non-conforming residential restoration Human Relations Commission Grants-In-Aid (GIA) Program The HRC’s GIA program is annually available to financially support activities addressing homeless prevention, including affordable and alternative housing, supportive services, and transitional housing. • Local non-profit-organizations including social service and housing providers Mills Act Program Reduces property taxes on historic residential and commercial properties in return for owner’s agreement to preserve, and in some cases, improve the property. Minimum 10 years’ participation; up to 10 properties can be added to the program per year. • Historic preservation • Residential rehabilitation • Mixed-use historic rehabilitation San Luis Obispo County Housing Trust Fund (HTF) A nonprofit loan fund created to increase the supply of affordable housing in San Luis Obispo for very low-, low- and moderate income households. • Acquisition of improved or unimproved sites/buildings • Construction, conversion, or rehabilitation • Project planning and pre- development First Time Home Buyers Program This program provides down payment assistance to eligible households through the State of California's BEGIN program. Under this program, low and moderate income, first time homebuyers may qualify for a loan in an amount not to exceed 20% of a property’s purchase price, at 3% simple interest. Periodic payments are not required during the term of the loan to insure an affordable monthly payment for the borrower. • Low and Moderate-Income first-time homebuyers City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 24 Table 2: State Resources and Incentives Available for Housing Activities Technical Assistance from City of San Luis Obispo and non- profit housing providers Technical assistance is available to help renters, homeowners, housing developers, and non-profit housing developers find, design, fund or build affordable housing. • Housing projects with deed- restricted affordable housing units • Market-rate housing developments • Housing consumers State Resources California Department of Housing and Community Development Resources & Incentives Description Eligible Activities Affordable Housing and Sustainable Communities Program (AHSC) The AHSC funds land use, housing, transportation, and land preservation projects that support infill and compact development and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. • Affordable Housing Developments • Housing-Related Infrastructure • Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure • Transportation-Related Amenities • Program Costs Calhome CalHOME makes grants to local public agencies and nonprofit corporations to assist first-time homebuyers become or remain homeowners through deferred-payment loans. Funds can also be used to assist in the development of multiple-unit ownership projects • Predevelopment, site development, and site acquisition for development projects. • Rehabilitation and acquisition and rehabilitation of site-built housing, and rehabilitation, repair, and replacement of manufactured homes • Down payment assistance, mortgage financing, homebuyer counseling, and technical assistance for self- help California Emergency Solutions and Housing (CESH) The CESH Program provides grant funds to eligible applicants for eligible activities to assist persons experiencing or at-risk of homelessness. Eligible applicants are Administrative Entities (AEs) (local governments, non- profit organizations, or unified funding agencies) designated by the Continuum of Care (CoC) to administer CESH funds in their service area. • Housing relocation and stabilization services (including rental assistance) • Operating subsidies for permanent housing • Flexible housing subsidy funds • Operating support for emergency housing interventions • Systems support for homelessness services and housing delivery systems • Development or updating a Coordinated Entry System (CES), Homeless Management Information System (HMIS), or Homelessness Plan City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 25 Golden State Acquisition Fund (GSAF) GSAF was seeded with $23 million from the Department’s Affordable Housing Innovation Fund. Combined with matching funds, GSAF makes up to five-year loans to developers • Acquisition or preservation of affordable housing Home Investment Partnerships Program (HOME) HOME assists cities, counties, and non-profit community housing development organizations (CHDOs) to create and retain affordable housing for lower-income renters or owners. At least 50 percent of the amount is awarded to rural applicants and 15 percent is set aside for CHDOs. Funds are available in California communities that do not receive HOME funding directly from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. • Housing rehabilitation, new construction, and acquisition and rehabilitation, for single- family & multifamily projects • Predevelopment loans to CHDOs • Must benefit lower-income renters or owners Housing for a Healthy California (HHC) HHC provides funding on a competitive basis to deliver supportive housing opportunities to developers using the federal National Housing Trust Funds (NHTF) allocations for operating reserve grants and capital loans. • NHTF Applicants: Organization, agency, or other entity (including a public housing agency, a for-profit entity, or a nonprofit entity) that is an Owner or Developer as defined by 24 CFR 93.2 • NHTF Uses: Acquisition and/or new construction • SB2 Applicants: Counties • SB2 Uses: Acquisition, new construction or reconstruction and rehabilitation, administrative costs, capitalized operating subsidy reserves (COSR) and rental subsidies Housing-Related Parks Program The Housing-Related Parks Program funds the creation of new park and recreation facilities or improvement of existing park and recreation facilities that are associated with rental and ownership projects that are affordable to very low- and low-income households. • Creation of new park and recreations facilities or improvement of existing park and recreation facilitates Infill Infrastructure Grant Program (IIG) IIG provides grant funding for infrastructure improvements for new infill housing in residential and/or mixed-use projects. Funds are made available through a competitive application process. • New construction, rehabilitation, demolition, relocation, preservation, and acquisition of infrastructure Joe Serna, Jr., Farmworker Housing Grant (FWHG) FWHG makes grants and loans for development or rehabilitation of rental and owner-occupied housing for agricultural workers with priority for lower-income households • Activities incurring costs in the development of rental housing for agricultural workers. Local Early Action Planning (LEAP) Grants The Local Early Action Planning (LEAP) program assists cities and counties with planning for housing through providing over-the-counter, non-competitive planning grants. • Reimbursement for activities that include the preparation and adoption of planning documents, process improvements that accelerate housing production, and facilitate compliance in implementing the sixth cycle of the regional housing need assessment (RHNA). City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 26 Local Housing Trust Fund Program (LHTF) Helps finance local housing trust funds dedicated to the creation or preservation of affordable housing. • Loans for construction of low- income affordable housing projects Mobile home Park Resident Ownership Program (MPROP) Funds awarded to mobile-home park tenant organizations to convert mobile-home parks to resident ownership. • Mobile-home park acquisition and development Multifamily Housing Program (MHP) MHP makes low-interest, long-term deferred-payment permanent loans to developers of affordable multifamily rental and transitional housing projects for lower income households. • New construction, rehabilitation, or acquisition and rehabilitation of permanent or transitional rental housing, and the conversion of non- residential structures to rental housing National Housing Trust Fund National Housing Trust Fund is a permanent federal program with dedicated source(s) of funding not subject to the annual appropriations. The funds can be used to increase and preserve the supply of affordable housing, with an emphasis on rental housing for extremely low-income households (ELI households, with incomes of 30 percent of area median or less). • New construction No Place Like Home The No Place Like Home Program will have $2 billion in bond proceeds to invest in the development of permanent supportive housing for persons who are in need of mental health services and are experiencing homelessness, chronic homelessness, or who are at risk of chronic homelessness. • To acquire, design, construct, rehabilitate, or preserve permanent supportive housing for persons who are experiencing homelessness, chronic homelessness or who are at risk of chronic homelessness, and who are in need of mental health services. Pet Assistance and Support (PAS) Program Pet Assistance and Support provides funds to homeless shelters for shelter, food and basic veterinary services for pets owned by individuals experiencing homelessness. • Shelter, food, and basic veterinary services for pets owned by individuals experiencing homelessness, along with staffing and liability insurance related to providing those services Predevelopment Loan Program Provide predevelopment capital loans to finance the start of low income housing projects. • Construct, rehabilitate, convert, or preserve low- income housing • Site control, acquisition, technical studies/reports/plans, and fees California Housing Finance Agency Resources & Incentives Description Eligible Activities California Homebuyer’s Down payment Assistance Program (CHDAP) Collaboration with lenders to offer below market rate down- payment loans. • Down-payment loans to moderate-, low-, and very low- income households City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 27 Affordable Housing Partnership Program (AHPP) This program allows borrowers to combine a CalHFA first mortgage loan with down payment and/or closing cost assistance from an Affordable Housing Program Partner. • Loans to moderate-, low-, and very low-income Housing Enabled by Local Partnerships HELP Program and other below-market-rate financing and deferred loans for local government and non-profits producing affordable housing development. • Low- and moderate income affordable single- and multi- family housing CaHLIF – California Housing Loan Insurance Fund Provides primary mortgage insurance for hard-to-qualify borrowers, expanding home ownership opportunities. • First-time homebuyers • Low- and moderate- income homebuyers • Workforce housing loans CalHFA Conventional Loans Various programs providing lower cost loans, such as a 30- year fixed, interest only PLUS, 40-year fixed • First-time homebuyers • Low- and moderate- income home buyers CalHFA Down- payment Assistance Various programs providing loans for down payments, such as California Homebuyer's Down-payment Assistance Program (CHDAP) • First-time homebuyers • Low- and moderate- income home buyers Section 811 Project Rental Assistance Section 811 Project Rental Assistance offers long-term project-based rental assistance funding from the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) through a collaborative partnership among the California Housing Finance Agency (CalHFA), Department of Health Care Services (DHCS), Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD), Department of Developmental Services (DDS) and California Tax Credit Allocation Committee (TCAC). • Rental assistance for lower income households Self-Help Builder Assistance Program Provides a source of financing to nonprofit 501(c)(3) corporations who use self-help type construction for affordable housing • Site acquisition • Site development, • Home construction Builder-Lock Program Builders/Developers may purchase forward commitments for permanent first mortgage financing for CalHFA-eligible borrowers tied to their construction/marketing program at single family new-home developments anywhere in the state. • Housing construction Mortgage Credit Certificate Federal tax credit for low- and moderate income homebuyers who have not owned a home in the past three years. • First-time homebuyer's assistance Office of the State Treasurer California Tax Credit Allocation Committee (CTCAC): Low- Income Housing Tax Credits (LIHTCs) The CTCAC administers the federal and state LIHTC Programs. Both programs were created to promote private investment in affordable rental housing for low-income Californians. • Persons Seeking Housing • Developers Building Housing • Owners and Managers of Existing Tax Credit Projects • California Tax Credit Allocation Committee (CTCAC): Historic Rehabilitation Tax Credits (HRTCs) CTCAC and the CA Office of Historic Preservation also administer the HRTC program which provide a 10-20% one-time, IRS tax credit on eligible rehabilitation costs for pre-1936 and National Register historic properties. • Rental housing rehabilitation • Mixed-use projects • Seismic strengthening • Ownership housing ineligible City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 28 Table 3: Federal Resources and Incentives Available for Housing Activities California Debt Limit Allocation Committee (CDLAC): Various Programs Federal law limits how much tax-exempt debt a state can issue in a calendar year for private projects that have a qualified public benefit. This cap is determined by a population-based formula. CDLAC was created to set and allocate California’s annual debt ceiling, and administer the State’s tax-exempt bond program to issue the debt. CDLAC’s programs are used to finance affordable housing developments for low-income Californians, build solid waste disposal and waste recycling facilities, and finance direct loans used by in-need college students and their parents. • Residential Rental Project Program • Single-Family First-Time Homebuyer Program Home Improvement and Rehabilitation Program Federal Resources United States Department of Housing and Urban Development Resources & Incentives Description Eligible Activities Assisted-Living Conversion Program (ALCP) To provide private nonprofit owners of eligible developments with a grant to convert some or all of the dwelling units in the project into an Assisted Living Facility (ALF) for the frail elderly. • Physical conversion of existing project units, common and services space Community Development Block Grants (CDBG) Grant awarded to the City annually on a formula basis to fund housing and economic development for low- and moderate income persons. • Affordable housing construction • Historic preservation • Property acquisition for housing • Housing rehabilitation • Public services and facilities • Code enforcement • Fair housing activities • Economic development Emergency Capital Repairs Program Provides grants for substantial capital repairs to eligible multifamily projects that are owned by private nonprofit entities. • Rehabilitation • Modernization • Retrofitting HOME Investment Partnership (HOME) Program Grant program specifically for housing. • Single- or multi-family housing acquisition/rehab/construction • CHDO Assistance • Administration Emergency Shelter Grant Program (ESG) Grant awarded on an annual formula basis for shelter and services to homeless persons. • Homelessness prevention • Continuum of care • Operating expenses Housing Opportunities for Persons With AIDS (HOPWA) Funds available county-wide for supportive services and housing for persons with HIV/AIDS. • Rental assistance • Social services • Housing Shelter Plus Care (S+C) Grants for rental assistance, in combination with supportive services from other sources, to homeless people. • Tenant-based rental assistance • Sponsor-based rental assistance • Project-based rental assistance City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 29 Chapter 4 REGIONAL VISION FOR HOUSING In early 2020, local agencies adopted a San Luis Obispo Countywide Regional Compact to establish a united regional framework to unlock our potential to develop an adequate supply of housing and infrastructure that support our economic prosperity. 4.10 Overview San Luis Obispo County is a rural coastal county with seven vibrant cities and numerous unincorporated communities that depend on collaborative relationships between and among government agencies, community organizations, and residents to solve the region’s significant issues including inadequate supply of affordable housing and resilient water, wastewater, and transportation infrastructure and resources. The County and all seven Cities are working collaboratively to develop the region’s first Regional Infrastructure and Housing Strategic Action Plan (Regional Plan) that will identify actions to address these issues. A key component of the Regional Plan is the integration of efforts to address critical housing and related infrastructure needs. As part of the Housing Element update process, representatives of the County, seven Cities and San Luis Obispo Council of Governments (SLOCOG) developed this Chapter to showcase the ongoing commitment of each agency to this collaborative effort. This Chapter presents a regional vision and policies focused specifically on fostering regional collaboration to plan and develop housing and supportive infrastructure. 4.20 Alignment with Regional Compact This effort is guided by the San Luis Obispo Countywide Regional Compact (Regional Compact). The Regional Compact, adopted by each jurisdiction in early 2020, outlines six shared regional goals to guide collaborative resolution of underlying housing and infrastructure needs: Goal 1. Strengthen Community Quality of Life – We believe that our Region’s quality of life depends on four cornerstones to foster a stable and healthy economy for all: resilient infrastructure and resources, adequate housing supply, business opportunities, and educational pathways. Goal 2. Share Regional Prosperity – We believe that our Region should share the impacts and benefits of achieving enduring quality of life among all people, sectors and interests. Goal 3. Create Balanced Communities – We believe that our Region should encourage new development that helps to improve the balance of jobs and housing throughout the Region, providing more opportunities to residents to live and work in the same community. Goal 4. Value Agriculture & Natural Resources – We believe that our Region’s unique agricultural resources, open space, and natural environments play a vital role in sustaining healthy local communities and a healthy economy, and therefore should be purposefully protected. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 30 Goal 5. Support Equitable Opportunities – We believe that our Region should support policies, actions, and incentives that increase housing development of all types, available to people at all income levels. Goal 6. Foster Accelerated Housing Production – We believe that our Region must achieve efficient planning and production of housing and focus on strategies that produce the greatest impact. 4.30 Policies It will take regional collaboration and local actions to realize the vision and goals outlined in the Regional Compact. Below is an initial list of aspirational regional policies that further the Regional Compact vision, in addition to local policies. By listing these below, it does not mandate any individual agency to implement actions, but rather offers ways that the County, cities, SLOCOG, and other partners can consider moving forward, together. In addition, and consistent with each Housing Element cycle, each of the seven cities and the County has the opportunity to choose to implement local policies and programs that help to support their achievement of its RHNA, and if an agency chooses to, can also support the Regional Compact vision and goals in a way that works for its jurisdiction and community. See Chapter 3 above for Local Policies and Programs for The City of San Luis’ anticipated actions during this Housing Element cycle. R-1: Promote awareness and support of regional efforts that further housing and infrastructure resiliency by utilizing community engagement, and consistent and transparent communication. R-2: Encourage an adequate housing supply and resilient infrastructure, services, and resources to improve the balance of jobs and housing throughout the Region. R-3: Develop inter-agency partnerships as appropriate to implement goals and policies related to housing and infrastructure. R-4: Coordinate State, Federal, and other funding opportunities for housing and infrastructure development throughout the Region. R-5: Encourage developers to sell newly constructed housing units to individuals residing or employed within the area of the development (a city or the County) first before selling to individuals from outside the County, to promote local preference. R-6: Encourage rental units be prioritized for long term residents rather than short term users or vacation rentals. R-7: Support housing development that is located within existing communities and strategically planned areas. R-8: Encourage regional collaboration on a menu of housing types, models, and efforts to support streamlined approvals for such developments (i.e. Accessory Dwelling Units, etc.). City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 31 4.40 Moving Forward The County, cities, SLOCOG, and other partners engaged in housing and infrastructure development will continue to collaborate on efforts moving forward – recognizing the benefits of working together to achieve an enduring quality of life among the region’s people, sectors and interests. This ongoing collaboration will include learning from each other and sharing possible tools, policies and actions that can allow the collective region to move towards our adopted Regional Compact vision. Ongoing collaborative efforts will be described in the Regional Plan, anticipated to be complete in 2021, and related regional efforts will live outside of each individual agency’s Housing Element. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 32 Chapter 5 QUANTIFIED OBJECTIVES 5.10 Overview of Quantified Objectives State housing law requires that each jurisdiction identify the number of housing units that will be planned, built, rehabilitated, and preserved during the Housing Element’s planning period. These projections are termed “quantified objectives.” Quantified housing objectives allow the community to evaluate its progress toward meeting key housing needs and help prioritize planning and funding efforts. They are based on the jurisdiction’s regional housing needs assessment and corresponding regional housing needs allocation. However, San Luis Obispo cannot guarantee these objectives will be met, given limited financial resources, costs to provide public facilities to serve new development, and the growing, statewide gap between housing costs and incomes. Meeting the City’s quantified housing objectives will depend, in part, upon real estate market forces, developer & lender financial decisions, and availability of local, State and Federal funding. 5.20 Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) Objectives As noted in Chapter 1, Section 2.20, under State law, each city and county in California is required to develop programs designed to meet their share of the surrounding region's housing needs for all income groups, as determined by the region’s council of governments. The Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) process seeks to ensure that each jurisdiction accepts responsibility, within its physical and financial capability to do so, for the housing needs of its residents and for those people who might reasonably be expected to move there. State housing law recognizes that housing need allocations are goals that jurisdictions seek to achieve; however, they are not intended as production quotas. These allocations are then included in each jurisdiction’s Housing Element so that plans, policies, and standards may be created to help meet housing needs within the element's planning term. The City participated in regional discussions facilitated by the San Luis Obispo Council of Governments (SLOCOG) and negotiated allocating the region’s 6th Cycle RHNA distribution of 10,810 housing units amongst all 8 local jurisdictions, as shown in Table 4 below. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 33 Table 4: 6th Cycle Regional Housing Needs Allocation (1/1/19 to 12/31/28) Very Low Income 24.6%1 Low Income 15.5%1 Moderate Income 18.0%1 Above Moderate Income 41.9%1 Totals Percent Jurisdiction RHNA to Total RHNA Number of Units Arroyo Grande 170 107 124 291 692 6% Atascadero 207 131 151 354 843 8% Grover Beach 91 57 66 155 369 3% Morro Bay 97 60 70 164 391 4% Paso Robles 356 224 259 607 1,446 13% Pismo Beach 113 71 82 193 459 4% San Luis Obispo 825 520 603 1,406 3,354 31% Unincorp. County 801 505 585 1,365 3,256 30% Totals 2,660 1,675 1,940 4,535 10,810 100% Source: San Luis Obispo Council of Governments (SLOCOG), 2019 1Percent of total housing need in each jurisdiction. The City has a new total RHNA allocation of 3,354 housing units to plan for in the new 6th Cycle Housing Element. The transition from a 5-year to an 8-year cycle, HCD has allowed the City 10 years to meet the new 6th Cycle RHNA allocation. This means that the City is allowed to count all issued building permits from January 1, 2019 until December 31, 2028 as credit towards achieving the 6th Cycle RHNA allocation. These units are then subtracted from the City’s total RHNA allocation to determine the balance of site capacity that must be identified for housing. To credit units affordable to lower- and moderate-income households toward the RHNA requirement, a jurisdiction must demonstrate the units are affordable based on at least one of the following: • Subsidies, financing, deed restrictions or other mechanisms that ensure affordability (e.g., MHP, HOME, LIHTC financed projects or deed-restricted inclusionary units); • Actual rents; and • Actual sales prices. Table 5 shows the number of new housing units that have been issued a building permit between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019. These units are credited toward meeting the City’s RHNA during the eight-year planning period from December 31, 2020 to December 31, 2028. The City has prioritized housing production as a main focus and has a goal to issue building permits to satisfy all remaining 2,817 housing units left for this 6th RHNA Cycle, as displayed in the Table 5. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 34 Table 5: RHNA Credit Captured in 2019 (1/1/2019 to 12/31/2019) Income Level (% of County Median Income) 6th Cycle RHNA Building Permitted Units Issued by Affordability Total Units by Income Level Total Units Remaining by Income Level Year 1 (2019) Year 2 (2020) Years 3 – 10 (2021 - 2028) Extremely Low & Very Low 825 0 n/a n/a 0 825 Low 520 6 n/a n/a 6 514 Moderate 603 8 n/a n/a 8 595 Above Moderate 1,406 523 n/a n/a 523 883 Total Units 3,354 537 n/a n/a 537 Total Remaining for RHNA Period: 2,817 Source: Community Development Department, 2019 5.30 Rehabilitation and Preservation of At-Risk Units Dwellings built with some form of government assistance or subsidy typically must remain affordable to extremely low, very low, low, or moderate-income households for a specific period. As part of the housing element update, State law requires an analysis of assisted housing developments that may lose their affordability provisions during the next 10 years due to termination of subsidy contracts, mortgage prepayment, or expiration of restrictions on use. These units are said to be at-risk of conversion to market-rate housing. In addition, jurisdictions also must describe measures to prevent at-risk from converting to market rate. There are several reasons why government-assisted housing might convert to market-rate housing, including expiring subsidies, mortgage prepayments, or most commonly, expiration of affordability and resale restrictions. The analysis applies to “assisted housing developments”, or multi-family rental housing that was developed with or that receives governmental assistance under a number of Federal, State or local housing programs. Such developments may include units receiving funding under a variety of government programs, such as HUD Section 8, HUD Section 202, IRS Section 42 (Tax Credit projects), Community Development Block Grants, and local programs using inclusionary housing requirements, in-lieu fees, and density bonuses. Appendix F includes an inventory of subsidized or assisted housing developments in San Luis Obispo. Nevertheless, Housing Element program 3.9, and quantified objectives have been incorporated into the Housing Element to discourage affordable housing removals and to help track and preserve these affordable units. Program 3.10 calls for the City to work with the Housing Authority of the City of San Luis Obispo, non-profit housing agencies and community housing development organizations to help preserve at-risk units and rehabilitate residential and compatible commercial buildings to expand affordable housing opportunities and prevent the loss of affordable housing. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 35 a) Inventory of At-Risk Units Based on information provided by the City’s Housing Authority, local non-profit housing providers, and the State Housing and Community Development Department, there are three affordable housing developments at risk of losing its affordability restrictions and converting to market rate between January 2021 and January 2028: the Anderson Hotel and Adriance Court, further discussion is provided below. Table 6: At-Risk Units in San Luis Obispo, 2020-2028 Project Housing Type Owner/Property Manager Expiration Date Assisted Units Adriance Court Low and Moderate Income, Supportive Housing Access Support Network (formerly AIDS Support Network) May 2026 9 Anderson Hotel Very Low Income, Senior, Disabled HASLO March 2021 68 Poinsettia Street Apartments Low Income HASLO January 2020 20 Total Assisted Units 97 Source: HASLO, City of San Luis Obispo Adriance Court Nine units comprise the Adriance Court community, owned and managed by Access Support Network (ASN). The units were designed specifically to allow Persons Living With AIDS (PLWA) to remain as independent as possible during the course of their illness while continuing to reside in the City. All units are affordable to low- and moderate-income individuals, whether or not they have been diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. For those residents that have been diagnosed with HIV/AIDS, ASN provides supportive services throughout the course of their illness. In 1996, the City loaned ASN Community Development Block Grant funding to acquire and operate the property for no less than 30 years. The affordability covenant is due to expire in May of 2026, but it is anticipated that this property could be eligible for a tax credit award for rehabilitation, thus preserving the units. Anderson Hotel The Anderson Hotel was remodeled in the 1970’s to convert the original hotel rooms to small efficiency apartments, each with a bathroom and kitchenette, designed for one or two persons. The units were made affordable utilizing an ongoing HUD grant program. HASLO master leased the Anderson Hotel in 2001 to provide affordable rental housing for very-low income persons, primarily elderly and disabled persons. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 36 Rents at the Anderson Hotel are made affordable to very-low income elderly and disabled residents through HUD Section 8 Rental Assistance Vouchers. These vouchers, along with tenant rent payments (30 percent of their income), and the commercial rent collected on the street level, help pay for on-going operating costs, and the master lease payments to the property owner, 995 Partnership. Several items place this affordable housing at risk: 1) the property is privately owned and there is no regulatory agreement on the property or long-term commitment assuring its ongoing use as affordable housing, 2) the HUD operating grant funding is awarded annually, and could be discontinued or the owner could opt out, 3) under the master lease terms, HASLO’s required payments to the owner, 995 Partnership, are increasing at a rate that exceeds increases in grant and tenant rental revenue, jeopardizing financial sustainability, 4) the property is a 1926 building in need of substantial long-term capital improvements which are not covered under the HUD grant, and not paid by the property owner under the terms of the master lease. However, HASLO anticipates they can exercise a friendly eminent domain to acquire the property at the appraised fair market value, in order to continue operating the units as affordable. HASLO also anticipates that this process will have a limited impact for the current tenants because of HUD Protection Vouchers already being utilized by the residents. Poinsettia Street Apartments Poinsettia Street Apartments is an older, well-maintained Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) property consisting of 20 units, managed by HASLO. It had a 30-year LIHTC affordable regulatory agreement, that expired January 1, 2020; however, the current Section 8 Rent Subsidy Figure 2: Poinsettia Street Apartments Source: Community Development Department, 2020 Figure 2: Anderson Hotel Source: Community Development Department, 2014 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 37 protections were extended to the residents until January 1, 2021. To preserve these units as affordable, HASLO anticipates applying for another LIHTC award in 2020 to rehabilitate the property and thus extend the affordability covenant for an additional 55-years. HASLO also anticipates that they might be able to build more units on this site due to recent state law changes. b) Potential Financing for Preserving At-Risk Units Funding sources that could be used for acquisition and rehabilitation of these properties include: A) City Affordable Housing Funds B) Countywide Housing Trust Fund C) Urban County CDBG Funds (City and County of San Luis Obispo funds) D) Urban County HOME Investment Partnership funds (HOME Program) E) Low-Income Housing Tax Credits and Historic Housing Tax Credits F) State Multi-Family Housing Program (low-interest loans and grants) G) Federal Home Loan Bank Affordable Housing Program grants Some of the methods for addressing this challenge will be further addressed through Policies and Programs 2.9, 2.11, 3.2, 3.4, 3.7 and 3.9 that focus on preserving affordable dwellings. c) Preservation Successes from 5th Cycle Housing Element A total of 279 affordable housing units were successfully preserved during the past 5th Cycle Housing Element planning period and are discussed below: 1. Judson Terrace Homes – This affordable housing community is comprised of 107 studio and one-bedroom apartments exclusively for seniors. The development offers a variety of resources for their tenants including meals, health services, and educational classes operated by American Baptist Homes of the West (ABHOW). The owners of the facility had an expiring 40-year affordability covenant through HUD; thus in 2018, the City worked with the California Municipal Finance Agency (CMFA) to issue a tax-exempt loan to help a new owner acquire and rehabilitate the 107-unit property. In doing so, a new 55- year affordability covenant was executed, and the units were successfully rehabilitated and preserved. 2. “RAD 175” Conversion Project – In 2019, the Housing Authority of the City of San Luis Obispo (HASLO) successfully rehabilitated 14 existing public housing sites, thus preserving a total of 172 affordable housing units and creating 3 new units. HASLO utilized HUD’s Rental Assistance Demonstration (RAD) program, which is a program created to give public housing authorities (PHAs) a powerful tool to preserve and improve public housing properties and address the $26 billion-dollar nationwide backlog of deferred maintenance. This RAD 175 Conversion allowed HASLO to leverage public and private debt and equity in order to reinvest in San Luis Obispo’s public housing stock. The 14 properties that were renovated and preserved included: City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 38 Table 7: HASLO RAD 175 Conversion Properties Current Name of Facility Location of Property Number of Rental Housing Units King-South-Branch 448 South Street, 441 Branch Street, and 2173 King Street 8 Toro Gardens 1600 Toro Street 20 Hathway Apartments 508-520 Hathway Street 22 Highland Apartments 478-480 High Street 11 Palm View Apartments 11650-11690 Los Osos Valley Road 20 Leff Street Apartments 456-493 Leff Street 20 High Street 228 High Street 6 Loma Vista Apartments 2929 Augusta Street 16 Harris 2126 Harris Street 3 Royal Way 1497 Royal Way 8 Southwood 1240 Southwood Drive 3 Upham 711 Upham Street 3 Puerta Del Sol 4280 South Higuera 15 Arbor Place 1172 Leff Street, 1175 Islay Street and 1635 Toro Street 20 TOTAL 175 Source: City of San Luis Obispo, Community Development Department, 2020 5.40 Quantified Objectives Summary Quantified objectives describe number of units, by income category, to be built, rehabilitated, preserved (at-risk housing), and conserved; and the number of housing units to receive financial assistance to ensure affordability. During the Housing Element's 6th cycle planning period, the City will accommodate a net increase of 3,354 dwellings. The quantified objectives promote the development of housing that meets affordability standards for the income groups in the same proportion as the RHNA allocation, and emphasize production of multi-family, higher density housing, where appropriate. Although not counted toward meeting the City’s RHNA allocation because it is located just outside city limits, housing developed by Cal Poly University on and adjacent to the campus on State land has helped and will continue to help meet City housing needs. Table 6 summarizes all the City’s quantified housing objectives for the eight-year planning period. Although the quantified objectives are theoretically achievable, they are not specific development quotas. The City intends to use the financial, planning, and administrative resources at its disposal to accomplish these objectives, but cannot guarantee they will be achieved given limited financial resources, economic uncertainty, independent financial decisions regarding housing development, and the large gap between housing cost and median County residents’ incomes. Achieving the quantified objectives will hinge largely upon private development decisions and the City’s ability to leverage additional Federal, State or local funding to meet extremely low, very-low, low- and moderate-income housing needs. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 39 Table 8: Summary of Quantified Objectives, January 2021 - December 2028 Activity Extremely Low Very Low Low Moderate Total RHNA PROGRESS New Construction 825 514 595 883 2,817 REHABILITATION & PRESERVATION At-risk units rehabbed & preserved 68 20 9 - 97 FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE Grant Funds (e.g. CDBG, HOME) & City Affordable Housing Fund (in-lieu fees) 39 67 110 216 Source: City of San Luis Obispo, Community Development Department, 2019. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 A1 Appendix A Community Profile ______________________________________________________________________________ To understand San Luis Obispo’s housing needs, a demographic profile of the community is essential. Statistical information provided in this appendix forms the basis for the goals, policies, and programs in Chapter 3, and for establishing quantified housing objectives in Chapter 4, as required by State law. Social, economic, and housing characteristics are analyzed to determine how these factors affect housing needs, costs, and availability. Main sources of statistical data in this community profile include the 2010 U.S. Decennial Census, the 2013-2017 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimates, the California Department of Finance, and the City of San Luis Obispo 2020 Affordable Housing Nexus Study completed by David Paul Rosen & Associates (DRA). 1. Population Trends and Characteristics The City of San Luis Obispo is located in San Luis Obispo County in the Central Coast region of California. As shown in Table A-1, the City's estimated population in 2019 was 46,802 (California Department of Finance, January 1, 2019). The population of the County is estimated to be 280,393. Thus, around 17 percent of County residents lived in San Luis Obispo in 2019. Table A - 1: Population Growth, 2011-2019 Year City of San Luis Obispo County of San Luis Obispo State of California Population Rate of Change (%) Population Rate of Change (%) Population Rate of Change (%) 2011 45,286 - 271,644 - 37,594,781 - 2012 45,303 0.04 272,357 0.63 37,971,427 1.00 2013 45,558 0.56 274,144 0.66 38,321,459 0.92 2014 45,950 0.86 276,248 0.77 38,622,301 0.79 2015 46,331 0.83 277,219 0.35 38,952,462 0.85 2016 46,363 0.07 278,405 0.43 39,214,803 0.67 2017 46,705 0.74 279,538 0.41 39,504,609 0.74 2018 46,741 0.08 280,048 0.18 39,740,508 0.60 2019 46,802 0.13 280,393 0.12 39,927,315 0.47 Source: California Department of Finance (DOF), 2019 SLOCOG 6th Cycle Data Package 2019, Table 1; California Dept. of Housing & Community Development (HCD) The City’s long-term population growth rate has reflected slow, steady growth. From 2011-2019, the City’s population has increased slightly at varying rates. During this period, annual population change never exceeded one percent, and only four times did it change more than half a percent. Comparatively over the same period, the population of the County grew at rates ranging from 0.12 to 0.77 percent, and the State’s population grew annually at rates ranging from 0.47 to 1.00 percent. Table A-2 shows the average annual growth rate in population for the City, County, and State City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 A2 between 2000, 2010, and 2019. There was relatively slow growth for the City between 2000 and 2010, when the City population increased only 0.2 percent. The average annual growth rate for the County and the State were higher during this period at 0.9 and 1.0 percent per year respectively. From 2010-2019, the average annual growth rate for the City increased compared to the 2000- 2010 period, while the average annual growth rate for the State decreased slightly and the County decreased noticeably. Table A - 2: Average Annual Population Growth, 2000-2019 Year City of San Luis Obispo County of San Luis Obispo State of California Population Average Annual Growth Rate (%) Population Average Annual Growth Rate (%) Population Average Annual Growth Rate (%) 2000 44,174 - 246,681 - 33,871,648 - 2010 45,119 0.2 269,637 0.9 37,253,956 1.0 2019 46,802 0.4 280,393 0.4 39,927,315 0.8 Source: U.S. Census, 2000, 2010; California Department of Finance (DOF), 2019 San Luis Obispo is one of the seven incorporated cities located within San Luis Obispo County, and has the largest population. Table A-3 shows population growth trends for cities in the County from 2000-2019. From 2000-2010, coastal cities such as Pismo Beach, Morro Bay, and Grover Beach stagnated in growth, while inland cities such as Paso Robles, Atascadero, and Arroyo Grande experienced strong growth. From 2010-2019, coastal cities experienced more growth than the previous decade, while the growth of inland cities leveled off. San Luis Obispo’s growth was relatively consistent compared to neighboring cities during these periods of time. Table A - 3: Pop. Growth in Cities of San Luis Obispo County, 2000-2019 2000 Population 2010 Population Change, 2000-2010 2019 Population Change. 2010-2019 Number Percent Number Percent SLO City 44,174 45,119 945 2.1 46,802 1,683 3.7 Arroyo Grande 15,851 17,252 1,401 8.8 17,876 624 3.6 Grover Beach 13,067 13,156 89 0.7 13,533 377 2.9 Pismo Beach 8,551 7,655 -896 -10.5 8,239 584 7.6 Morro Bay 10,350 10,234 -116 -1.1 10,439 205 2.0 Atascadero 26,411 28,310 1,899 7.2 30,405 2,095 7.4 Paso Robles 24,297 29,793 5,496 22.6 31,244 1,451 4.9 SLO County 246,681 269,637 22,956 9.3 280,393 10,756 4.0 Source: U.S. Census, 2000, 2010; California Department of Finance (DOF), 2019 The California Department of Finance predicts that between 2015 and 2035, the State’s population City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 A3 will grow by over 6 million and result in over 45 million residents. This is a projected annual growth rate of 0.72 percent. As part of its regional planning functions, the San Luis Obispo Council of Governments (SLOCOG) develops and publishes regional population, employment, and housing forecasts for the County and its communities. Table A-4 shows SLOCOG growth projections for the City and County prepared by Beacon Economics, and Department of Finance projections for the State. Table A - 4: Population Growth Projections for City, County, and State Year SLO City SLO County CA State 2015 45,950 276,375 39,076,128 2020 47,214 286,657 40,467,295 2025 48,601 297,095 42,066,880 2030 49,759 305,692 43,631,295 2035 50,659 312,346 45,128,459 Annual Growth Rate 0.49% 0.61% 0.72% Source: Regional Growth Forecast for San Luis Obispo Council of Governments, 2017; California Department of Finance, 2019 SLOCOG projections for the County show an annual growth rate of 0.61 percent. This annual growth rate is their middle-range projection. For the City, SLOCOG projects a 0.49 percent annual growth rate to 2035. The General Plan Land Use Element (LUE) includes policies to accommodate an eventual City population of 57,200. At a 0.49 percent growth rate, the City’s anticipated residential capacity would be reached by the year 2060. a) Age Composition San Luis Obispo’s age profile is shown in Table A-5 and graphically in the form of a population pyramid in Figure A-1. When compared with the County and State, San Luis Obispo has lower percentages of teenagers, middle-aged adults, and older working adults. The City is relatively representative of state demographics for percentages of young children and for senior citizens. Table A - 5: Age Distribution, 2017 Age City of San Luis Obispo County of San Luis Obispo State of California Population Percent Population Percent Population Percent Under 5 1,761 4 13,648 5 2,493,545 6 5-17 4,267 9 37,118 13 6,621,175 17 18-24 16,446 35 43,550 16 3,917,309 10 25-44 10,375 22 62,255 22 11,002,942 28 45-64 8,358 18 72,886 26 9,799,428 25 65 + 5,790 12 50,662 18 5,148,448 13 Source: U.S. Census; 2013- 2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Due to the concentration of students attending Cuesta College and California Polytechnic State City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 A4 University, San Luis Obispo, young adults age 18-24 are by far the largest age group in the City. The City’s component of residents age 18-24 is orders of magnitude greater than the County and State. With 35 percent of residents being age 18-24, the City has over double the percentage of young adults compared to the County, and over triple the percentage compared to the State. As discussed in Appendix B, this demographic trend has significant implications for the San Luis Obispo area housing market in terms of housing type, tenure, and demand. Figure A - 1: San Luis Obispo Population Pyramid, 2017 Source: U.S. Census; 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates b) Race and Ethnicity As shown in Tables A-6 and A-7, San Luis Obispo City and County are less diverse racially and ethnically than the State as a whole. In 2017, roughly 85 percent of the residents in the City and County identified as White. Asian and Pacific Islanders have consistently been the second largest racial population group in the City from 2000 to 2017. By census definitions, Hispanic or Non-Hispanic origin is an ethnic characteristic independent of race. Consistently since 2000, the population identifying as Hispanic or Latino origin has increased for the City, County, and State, with the City’s Hispanic population rising to about 17 percent of the population by 2017. Table A - 6: Racial Composition for the City, County, and State, 2000-2017 Race City of San Luis Obispo County of San Luis Obispo State of California City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 A5 2000 2010 2017 2000 2010 2017 2000 2010 2017 White 84.1 84.5 84.7 84.6 82.6 85.9 59.5 57.6 60.6 Black / African-American 1.5 1.2 2.2 2.0 2.1 1.9 6.7 6.2 5.8 American Indian / Alaska Native 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.9 0.9 0.7 1.0 1.0 0.7 Asian or Pacific Islander 5.4 5.4 5.6 2.8 3.3 3.8 11.3 13.4 14.5 Some Other Race 4.8 4.4 3.5 6.2 7.3 4.2 16.8 17.0 13.7 Two or More Races 3.6 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.8 3.5 4.7 4.9 4.7 Source: U.S. Census 2000, 2010, 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Table A - 7: Ethnic Composition for the City, County, and State, 2000-2017 Ethnicity City of San Luis Obispo County of San Luis Obispo State of California 2000 2010 2017 2000 2010 2017 2000 2010 2017 Not Hispanic or Latino Origin 88.3 85.3 82.9 83.7 79.2 77.8 67.6 62.4 61.2 Hispanic or Latino Origin 11.7 14.7 17.1 16.3 20.8 22.2 32.4 37.6 38.8 Source: U.S. Census 2000, 2010, 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Table A-8 shows the projected change in racial and ethnic composition of San Luis Obispo County from 2015 to 2035. According to the California Department of Finance (DOF), the projections show that growth in the Hispanic population is expected to continue. By 2035, the DOF projects that almost one quarter of the County’s population will be Hispanic. The Asian and Pacific Islander population is projected to be the second fastest growing population while the White population is projected to be the most rapidly declining group. Table A - 8: Projected Change in Racial and Ethnic Composition, 2015-2035 Year Total San Luis Obispo County Population White (Non-Hispanic) Black / African-American (Non-Hispanic) American Indian / Alaska Native (Non-Hispanic) Asian or Pacific Islander (Non-Hispanic) Hispanic or Latino* Number of persons Percent of total Number of persons Percent of total Number of persons Percent of total Number of persons Percent of total Number of persons Percent of total 2015 276,859 194,257 70.2 5,106 1.8 1,443 0.5 8,994 3.2 60,670 21.9 2020 282,744 195,385 69.1 5,293 1.9 1,492 0.5 9,443 3.3 64,346 22.8 2025 290,341 198,776 68.5 5,365 1.8 1,540 0.5 9,944 3.4 67,518 23.3 2030 296,782 200,780 67.7 5,441 1.8 1,573 0.5 10,506 3.5 70,863 23.9 2035 302,046 201,550 66.7 5,530 1.8 1,602 0.5 11,004 3.6 74,327 24.6 Source: California Department of Finance, 2019 *Persons of Hispanic or Latino origin may be of any race City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 A6 2. Employment Trends Due to its centralized location, early settlement history and transportation links via the Southern Pacific Railroad and State Highways 101, 1 and 227, San Luis Obispo historically has served as the County’s governmental, retail, and cultural hub. City and County economies historically were based largely on agricultural activities. Table A-9 shows that in 2017, the educational services, health care, and social assistance industry was the largest employer of City and County residents with 26.8 and 23.46 percent respectively. Other major employment industries in the City and County with double digit employment shares in 2017 included the Arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation, and food services industries, the professional, scientific, and management, and administrative and waste management services industries, and the retail trade industry. Table A - 9: Employment by Industry for Residents, 2017 Industry City of San Luis Obispo County of San Luis Obispo State of California Number of Jobs Percent Number of Jobs Percent Number of Jobs Percent Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 269 1.1 4,480 3.5 415,522 2.3 Construction 886 3.7 10,235 7.9 1,095,245 6.1 Manufacturing 1,585 6.5 8,841 6.8 1,711,597 9.5 Wholesale trade 509 2.1 2,820 2.2 532,171 3.0 Retail trade 3,044 12.6 14,851 11.5 1,944,607 10.8 Transportation and warehousing, and utilities 731 3.0 5,845 4.5 894,568 5.0 Information 457 1.9 2,012 1.6 529,359 2.9 Finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing 846 3.5 5,842 4.5 1,108,073 6.2 Professional, scientific, and management, and administrative and waste management services 2,879 11.9 13,821 10.7 2,378,080 13.2 Educational services, and health care and social assistance 6,486 26.8 30,501 23.6 3,766,488 20.9 Arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services 4,292 17.7 16,229 12.6 1,877,141 10.4 Other services, except public administration 1,281 5.3 6,676 5.2 952,898 5.3 Public administration 948 3.9 7,124 5.5 788,166 4.4 Civilian employed population 16 years and over 24,213 100 129,277 100 17,993,915 100 Source: U.S. Census 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates SLOCOG 6th Cycle Data Package 2019, Table 2; California Dept. of Housing & Community Development (HCD) City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 A7 According to the ACS, the City’s total work force (civilian employed persons 16 years or older) was estimated at 24,213 in the 2017. In 2010, the total workforce was 22,858, reflecting an increase of 1,355 persons, or 6.1 percent, during the decade. San Luis Obispo’s economy is relatively stable, mainly due to the large number of public sector employees, and private sector employers that receive government funds in the City and nearby unincorporated County, including the County of San Luis Obispo, California Polytechnic State University, Cuesta College, the California State Department of Forestry, the California Department of Transportation, the California Army National Guard, the California Men’s Colony, San Luis Coastal Unified School District and the City of San Luis Obispo. Large private sector employers include P.G.&E., the Cal Poly Corporation, Sierra Vista Regional Medical Center, French Hospital Medical Center, Economic Opportunity Commission, and Madonna Inn. At the peak of the recent Great Recession, the unemployment rate in the City reached up to 10.9 percent in 2010. The City has seen a steady decrease in annual unemployment rates since the height of the recession, with unemployment falling to 2.1 percent in 2019, as shown in Table A-10. Table A - 10: Labor Force and Unemployment, 2010-2019 Year City of San Luis Obispo Labor Force Unemployment Rate, (%) Employed Unemployed Total 2010 24,900 3,000 27,900 10.9 2011 25,200 2,900 28,100 10.3 2012 26,300 2,600 28,800 8.9 2013 26,300 2,100 28,400 7.3 2014 24,100 1,500 25,600 5.9 2015 24,200 1,300 25,500 5.0 2016 24,400 900 25,300 3.6 2017 24,700 800 25,500 3.0 2018 24,900 600 25,500 2.5 2019 25,000 500 25,500 2.1 Source: California Employment Development Department, 2019 Note: Unemployment rate is unemployed labor force divided by total size of labor force. Those who choose not to work or have given up searching for work typically are not calculated as members of the labor force. As seen in Table A-11, about 61 percent of the San Luis Obispo’s residents work within the City, a decrease from 2010 when 64 percent of residents worked in the City. In 2017, 39 percent of residents worked outside the City. However, the total number of residents working outside the City increased by about 17 percent from 7,920 workers in 2010 to 9,256 workers in 2017. Since 2000, commuting patterns have not changed much, although the percentage of workers traveling between 15 and 30 minutes to work has increased slightly from 23 percent in 2000 to 27 percent in 2017. The majority of workers, 56 percent, commuted for 15 minutes or less to their jobs in 2017. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 A8 Table A - 11: Commuting Patterns in the City: 2000, 2010, and 2017 Commuting Pattern 2000 2010 2017 Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Total Workers in SLO City 21,684 --- 22,265 --- 23,690 --- Workers in the City 12,901 60 14,345 64 14,434 61 Workers outside of the City 8,783 40 7,920 36 9,256 39 Commute Time to Work 0-15 Minutes 13,149 61 12,921 58 13,158 56 15-30 Minutes 5,014 23 5,863 26 6,333 27 30-45 Minutes 1,587 7 1,952 9 2,000 8 Over 45 Minutes 922 4 725 3 976 4 Worked At Home 1,012 5 804 4 1,223 5 Mean Travel Time to Work (minutes) 15.4 - 14.7 - 15.2 - Source: U.S. Census; 2013- 2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates 3. Household Characteristics Household formation and characteristics are key factors shaping housing need. Following is an analysis of household size, growth, income, tenure, and household trends. By definition, a “household” consists of all the people occupying a dwelling unit, whether or not they are related. For example, a single person living in an apartment, four students in an apartment, a couple with two children, and an unrelated tenant living in the same dwelling are all considered households. a) Household Formation and Type As shown in Table A-12, the 2010 Census identified 19,193 occupied housing units in the City of San Luis Obispo. In 2017, there were 18,728 occupied housing units with a decrease of 2.5 percent. As shown in Table A-13, during this same period, the average household size increased from 2.29 persons per household to 2.44 persons per household. This increase of 6.6 percent in household size was much larger than the change for the County and State during the same time period. Table A - 12: Number of Households, 2000, 2010, and 2017 Number of Households in 2000 Number of Households in 2010 Change, 2000-2010 Number of Households in 2017 Change. 2010-2017 Number Percent Number Percent SLO City 18,653 19,193 540 2.9 18,728 - 465 - 2.5 SLO County 92,739 102,016 9,277 10.0 105,044 3,028 2.9 CA State 11,502,870 12,577,498 1,074,628 9.3 12,888,128 310,630 2.4 Source: U.S. Census 2000, 2010, U.S. Census 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates The U.S. Census differentiates between a “household” and a “family.” As used here, the term “family” means two or more related persons living together as a unit. This may include single parents, children, and extended family members (e.g., grandparents). A “household” includes unrelated persons (e.g., single persons, roommates, and unmarried persons who live together), as well as households falling under the “family” definition. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 A9 Table A - 13: Household Size, 2000, 2010, and 2017 Average No. of persons per household in 2000 Average No. of persons per household in 2010 Change, 2000-2010 Average No. of persons per household in 2017 Change, 2010-2017 Number Percent Number Percent SLO City 2.27 2.29 0.02 0.9 2.44 0.15 6.6 SLO County 2.49 2.48 -0.01 -0.4 2.51 0.03 1.2 CA State 2.87 2.90 0.03 1.1 2.96 0.06 2.1 Source: U.S. Census 2000, 2010, U.S. Census 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Tables A-14 and A-15 both show household patterns in 2017. When compared with the County, there is a higher percentage of non-family households in the City at about 59 percent. Non-family households and one person households are more common in the City of San Luis Obispo than family households due to the student population in the City. Table A - 14: Estimated Households by Household Type, 2017 Family Households Non-Family Households Single Male Households Single Female Households Total # of persons Percent # of persons Percent # of persons Percent # of persons Percent # of persons Percent SLO City 5,787 30.9 11,077 59.1 627 3.3 1,237 6.6 18,728 100 SLO County 53,415 50.9 38,579 36.7 4,280 4.1 8,770 8.3 105,044 100 Source: U.S. Census 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Table A - 15: Estimated Households by Household Size, 2017 Source: U.S. Census 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates b) Household Income Both Tables A-16 and A-17 compare data from the U.S. Census, for median household and family incomes in the City, County, State, and other nearby counties. There has been significant growth in household income in the last decade in both the City and County. As shown in Table A-16, in 2010, the City's median household income was $42,461, or about 75 percent of the County’s 2010 median household income of $56,967. In 2017, the City's median household income increased to $49,640, still about 75 percent of the County’s 2017 median household income of $67,175. 1- Person Household 2- Person Household 3- Person Household 4- Person Household 5- Person Household 6- Person Household # of persons Percent # of persons Percent # of persons Percent # of persons Percent # of persons Percent # of persons Percent SLO City 5,895 31.5 6,354 33.9 3,035 16.2 2,240 12.0 938 5.0 143 0.8 SLO County 27,366 26.1 41,553 39.6 15,069 14.3 12,244 11.7 5,894 5.6 1,863 1.8 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 A10 Table A - 16: Median Household Income, 2000, 2010, and 2017 Median Household Income, 2000 Median Household Income, 2010 Change in Income 2000-2010 Median Household Income, 2017 Change in Income 2010-2017 $ $ Amount ($) Percent $ Amount ($) Percent SLO City 31,926 42,461 10,535 33 49,640 7,179 17 SLO County 42,428 56,967 14,539 34 67,175 10,208 18 Source: U.S. Census 2000, U.S. Census 2010, U.S. Census 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Table A-17 shows family income from 2010-2017 increased 18 percent in the City and 17 percent in the County over the past decade and is higher than the median household incomes in Santa Barbara County, Monterey County, Los Angeles County, and the State. Table A - 17: Median Family Income, County Comparison, 2010-2017 Median Family Income, 2010 Median Family Income, 2017 Change in Income, 2010-2017 $ $ Amount ($) Percent (%) San Luis Obispo City 74,239 87,635 13,396 18.0 San Luis Obispo County 70,987 83,084 12,097 17.0 Santa Barbara County 68,723 78,481 9,758 14.2 Monterey County 61,688 69,222 7,534 12.2 Los Angeles County 60,857 68,272 7,415 12.2 California 67,874 76,975 9,101 13.4 Source: U.S. Census 2010, U.S. Census 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Another income measure is per capita income, as shown in Table A-18. In 2010, the per capita income in the City was $26,204, compared with a per capita income in the County of $29,790. In 2017, the per capita income in the City was $29,748, compared with a per capita income in the County of $33,972. In 2017, the per capita income for California residents was $33,128. Table A - 18: Per Capita Income, 2010-2017 Per Capita Income, 2010 Per Capita Income, 2017 Change in Income, 2010-2017 $ $ Amount ($) Percent (%) San Luis Obispo City 26,204 29,748 3,544 14 San Luis Obispo County 29,790 33,972 4,182 14 California 29,188 33,128 3,940 13 Source: U.S. Census 2010, U.S. Census 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates The State of California defines four income categories for the purposes of determining housing affordability and need in communities. These categories are based on the percentage of income earned compared to the County’s Area Median Income (AMI) as shown in Table A-19. This method is consistent with definitions of extremely low & very low, low, moderate, and above moderate income households as used in most Federal and State housing programs; however, HUD City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 A11 (U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development) applies different standards for Community Development Block Grant, Section 202, and other Federal grant programs. Table A - 19: California Income Category Limits Income Category Percent of County Area Median Income Extremely Low & Very Low Income 50% or less of AMI Low Income 51% to 80% of AMI Moderate Income 81% to 120% of AMI Above Moderate Income 121% or higher of AMI Source: California State Department of Housing and Community Development Table A-20 shows the estimated number of households by income categories in the City of San Luis Obispo within varying income categories. The table indicates that in 2017, approximately 50 percent of the City’s households fell into the less than $49,999 income category. While the large number of households with incomes below $49,999 may be in part due to the large student population in San Luis Obispo, it is evident that housing affordability may be an issue for several of these income categories in the City. Table A - 20: Estimated Households by Income Categories, 2017 Income Categories Income Limits Number of Households1 Percent of Total Households Extremely Low & Very Low2 Income < $49,999 9,401 50% Low Income $50,000 - $74,999 2,755 15% Moderate Income $75,000 - $99,999 1,837 10% Above Moderate Income > $100,000 4,735 25% Total 18,728 100% Source: U.S. Census 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates 1 Assumed a 4-person household; this is consistent with how HCD determines Income Limits every year. 2 Government Code 65583(a)(1) says agencies may assume that 50% of very low is extremely low. 4. Housing Inventory and Market Factors a) Housing Stock Profile and Population Growth In 2010, the City housing stock grew to 20,553 housing units, an increase of 1,213 units, with a vacancy rate of 6.6 percent. In 2017, the City housing stock grew to 21,403, an increase of 850 units, with a vacancy rate of 6.3 percent. From 2010-2019, the population grew from 45,119 to 46,802, an average annual increase of 187 persons, or 0.41 percent. Table A-21 shows the number of building permits and units issued each year from 2014 to 2019, otherwise referred to the City’s 5th Cycle RHNA Progress. In 2019, building permits were issued for a total of 537 units, which was the largest number of annual residential development since 2014. In the 5th RHNA Cycle, single family and multifamily development was about equal, with about 56% of building permits being multifamily units and 44% for single family homes. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 A12 Table A - 21: RHNA Progress - Issued Building Permits, 2014–2019 Year Single Family Units Multi-Family Units Total Residential Units 2014 79 126 205 2015 124 48 172 2016 62 72 134 2017 113 101 214 2018 124 162 286 2019 185 352 537 TOTAL 687 861 1,548 Source: City of San Luis Obispo, Community Development Department, 2019 Table A-22 shows the net change in the number of dwellings due to completed construction between 2010 and 2019. During this period, an average of 99 units were built each year. During the same period, 600 multi-family units were constructed, compared to 377 single-family units. Multi-family units typically provide a wider range of affordability than single family housing. Table A - 22: Net Change from Completed Construction, 2010–2019 *Represents the 10-year average growth rate Source: City of San Luis Obispo, Community Development Department, 2018 General Plan Annual Report b) Unit Type San Luis Obispo’s housing stock includes a wide range of dwellings, including “Victorian-style,” single-family houses near downtown, mobile home parks, duplexes, detached single-family housing, condominiums, and large, high-density apartment complexes. Many of the City’s older neighborhoods contain a mix of single houses, houses with attached and detached ADUs, and small duplexes or triplexes. Table A-23 summarizes the City’s housing stock in 2010 and 2019. Year Single Family Units Multi-Family Units Annex Units Total Units Net Market Rate Growth Rate Market Rate Affordable Market Rate Affordable 2010 32 0 23 34 0 89 55 0.27% 2011 0 2 23 42 18 85 41 0.20% 2012 17 0 17 0 0 34 34 0.17% 2013 16 3 63 10 0 92 79 0.38% 2014 67 0 25 22 0 114 92 0.45% 2015 28 0 34 11 0 73 62 0.30% 2016 72 2 63 52 0 189 135 0.65% 2017 46 0 65 20 0 131 111 0.53% 2018 73 0 11 46 0 130 84 0.40% 2019 184 0 27 38 0 249 211 1.00% 10-yr Total 535 7 351 275 18 1,186 904 0.56%* City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 A13 Table A - 23: Composition of Housing Stock by Unit Type, 2010-2019 Unit Type 2010 2019 Percent Change, 2010- 2019 Number of Units Percent of Total Number of Units Percent of Total Single-Family Detached 9,541 46% 9,882 46% 4% Single-Family Attached 1,379 7% 1,403 7% 2% Multi-Family (2-4 units) 2,627 13% 2,723 13% 4% Multi-Family (5+ units) 5,524 27% 5,912 27% 7% Mobile Homes, Other 1,482 7% 1,482 7% 0% Total 20,553 100% 21,403 100% 4% Source: California Department of Finance (DOF), 2010, 2019 SLOCOG 6th Cycle Data Package 2019, Table 9; California Dept. of Housing & Community Development (HCD) As shown in the Table A-23, in 2010, the City’s housing stock consisted of 53 percent single- family units (both attached and detached), 40 percent multi-family units (both structures containing 2-4 units and 5 or more units), and 7 percent mobile home units. From 2010 to 2019, the housing stock for the City did not change significantly, with the largest increase in units being a 7 percent increase of multi-family dwellings of 5 units or more. c. Unit Size Unit size is commonly described in terms of the number of bedrooms in a residence. As seen in Table A-24, the City’s housing stock in 2017 consisted of 6 percent studio units, 16 percent one- bedroom units, 35 percent two-bedroom units, 29 percent three-bedroom units, and 15 percent four-bedroom units and over. Under the City’s Affordable Housing Standards, estimated occupancy is based on the number of bedrooms in a unit, as follows: • Studio unit: one-person household • One-bedroom unit: two-person household • Two-bedroom unit: three-person household • Three-bedroom unit: four- and five-person household • Four-bedroom unit: six-person household Table A - 24: Housing Size - Number of Bedrooms by Tenure, 2017 Housing Size 0 bedrooms 1 bedroom 2 bedrooms 3 bedrooms 4+ bedrooms Tenure Total Units # of Units Percent # of Units Percent # of Units Percent # of Units Percent # of Units Percent Owner-occupied 7,167 38 < 1% 354 2% 1,875 10% 3,312 18% 1,588 8% Renter-occupied 11,561 1,036 6% 2,561 14% 4,641 25% 2,105 11% 1,218 7% Totals 18,728 1,074 6% 2,915 16% 6,516 35% 5,417 29% 2,806 15% Source: U.S. Census 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 A14 d) Tenure Tenure refers to whether householders rent or own their dwelling. Table A-25 shows that in 2017, 11,561 occupied housing units, or 62 percent, of City units were renter-occupied, a significantly higher proportion than in the County and State. Between 2010 and 2017 the City saw a 1 percent decrease in renter-occupied housing units. In contrast, the County and State saw increases in renter-occupied housing units of 2 percent and 6 percent respectively. Table A - 25: Estimated Tenure of Occupied Housing Units. 2010-2017 2010 2017 Change Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Owner-occupied 7,547 39% 7,167 38% -380 -5% Renter-occupied 11,646 61% 11,561 62% -85 -1% Total 19,193 100% 18,728 100% -465 -2% Source: U.S. Census 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates SLOCOG 6th Cycle Data Package 2019, Table 5; California Dept. of Housing & Community Development e) Vacancy Rates The housing vacancy rate is one measure of general housing availability. A low vacancy rate, less than five percent, suggests that households will have difficulty finding housing within their price range. Conversely, a high vacancy rate may indicate a high number of housing units that are undesirable for occupancy, a high number of seasonal units, or an oversupply of housing. By maintaining a “healthy” vacancy rate of between five and eight percent, housing consumers have a wider choice of housing types and prices to choose from. As vacancy rates drop, shortages generally raise housing costs and limit choices. Table A-26 shows that the City’s vacancy rate has been around 3 percent for both 2010 and 2017. By comparison, the vacancy rate for the County was roughly the same as the City in 2010, but had decreased to less than 2 percent by 2017. The State’s vacancy rate was about 4 percent in 2010 and about 2 percent in 2017. The City’s low vacancy rate reflects the high demand for student housing near college campuses (Cuesta College & Cal Poly University). Table A - 26: Housing Vacancy Rates, 2010 & 2017 Year Percent Vacancy Rate SLO City SLO County CA State 2010 3.1 2.8 3.9 2017 2.8 1.9 2.1 Source: U.S. Census 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 A15 f) Age of Housing Stock Housing age is one measure of identifying housing stock condition and the need for rehabilitation. Older units often do not meet current building or zoning standards, and without proper maintenance, are more likely to need major repairs. Generally, dwellings over 30 years of age fall into this category. Table A-27 shows the age of the City’s housing stock in 2017. Table A - 27: Age of Housing Stock, 2017 Year Built Number of Units Percent of Units 2010 or later 464 2% 2000-2009 1,767 9% 1990-1999 2,259 11% 1980-1989 3,190 16% 1970-1979 4,911 24% 1960-1969 3,010 15% 1950-1959 1,970 10% 1940-1949 787 4% Before 1939 1,974 10% Total Housing Units 20,332 100% Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2013-2017 American Community Survey According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2013-2017 American Community Survey (ACS), only 10 percent of the City’s housing stock was built before 1939 and 23 percent of the housing stock was built before 1960. In contrast, about 40 percent was built between 1960 and 1979, and 27 percent was built between 1980 and 1999. Collectively, about 63 percent was built before 1980. g) Housing Condition Another measure of the City’s housing stock is housing condition. Housing is considered substandard when conditions are below the minimum standards of living as defined by Section 1001 of the Uniform Housing Code. Households living in substandard housing may be exposed to health or safety threats, which, in turn, could adversely affect the safety and quality of life of neighborhoods. Such households are considered in need of housing assistance to correct any serious health or building safety problems, such as structural, plumbing, mechanical or electrical problems, and presence of unhealthful conditions or materials, e.g. asbestos and lead-based paint. In addition to structural problems (sagging roofs, walls or porches, lack of or failing building foundation, termite infestation, etc.), the lack of certain basic facilities may also indicate substandard conditions. The United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) includes the lack of kitchen facilities and lack of plumbing facilities as two out of four housing problems in their Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data. According to the 2017 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates, there were 46 units in the City that lacked complete plumbing facilities. Of these, 32 were renter occupied. For Census purposes, complete plumbing facilities included: (1) hot and cold piped water; (2) a flush toilet; and (3) a bathtub or shower. All three must be located inside a housing unit to be recognized as City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 A16 having full plumbing facilities. According to the 2017 ACS data, 380 units lacked complete kitchen facilities, and of these, 363 units were renter-occupied. The U.S. Census defines a complete kitchen as a unit with a sink & faucet, a stove, and a refrigerator. There were 901 units with no heating source, and 250 units that relied on heating oil, kerosene, coal, wood, or other heating fuel. h) Housing Costs and Rents Existing and New Housing Sales Price Trends Following a trend throughout much of California, the City of San Luis Obispo experienced a strong economy in the late 1990s pushed housing costs up, with increased employment, higher Cal Poly enrollment and greater housing demand. The early 2000s saw a nationwide economic slowdown, yet local housing demand remained strong, buoyed by record low mortgage interest rates and the region’s attractiveness to retirees from both Southern and Northern California. Housing prices continued to increase until the Great Recession in 2007 which resulted in a decline in sales prices. In 2013, housing prices finally began a trend upwards that has continued to 2019. Table A - 28: Median Residential Real Estate Sales Prices, 2014-2019 Year SLO City SLO County CA State Median Price ($) Percent Change Median Price ($) Percent Change Median Price ($) Percent Change 2014 $594,200 --- $441,300 --- $374,200 --- 2015 $546,600 -8.0 $478,700 8.5 $398,300 6.4 2016 $602,800 10.3 $502,300 4.9 $415,100 4.2 2017 $611,900 1.5 $532,200 6.0 $435,800 5.0 2018 $655,500 7.1 $573,100 7.7 $482,800 10.8 2019 $693,000 5.7 $585,800 2.2 $500,500 3.7 Change, 2014-2019 $98,800 16.6 $144,500 32,7 $126,300 33.8 Source: Zillow, 2010-2019 Table A-28 shows the median sales prices of residential real estate in the City, County, and State from 2014-2019. Over this 5-year period, median sale prices were consistently higher in the City than in the County and State. In 2019, the median sales price in the City was $693,000. This was approximately 18 percent higher than the County median price of $585,800 and 38 percent higher than the State median price of $500,500. The median sales price in the County has also consistently been higher than the State over the same time period. Rental Costs As of 2019, the average rent prices in the City for one-bedroom and two-bedroom apartments were $1,445 and $2,094 respectively. In comparison, the Fair Market Rents (FMRs) for San Luis Obispo County in 2019 as determined by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) for one-bedroom and two-bedroom apartments were $1,196 and $1,542 respectively. The average rent prices in the City are noticeably higher than the fair market rents for these units. Table A-29 shows the average rents by unit type for the City and County in 2019. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 A17 Table A - 29: Comparison of Rent Costs, City and County, 2019 Unit Type SLO City SLO County Fair Market Rent (HUD)1 Percentage difference between City & County average rents Average Rent ($) Average Rent ($) 1-Bedroom $1,445 $1,196 21% 2-Bedroom $2,094 $1,542 36% Source: Rentcafe.com, 2020 Affordable Housing Nexus Study 1From HUD FY 2019 Fair Market Rent Documentation System for the SLO-Paso Robles-Arroyo Grande MSA A possible contributing factor to high rents in the City is low rental vacancy rates as shown in Table A-30. In 2010, the City, County, and State had rental vacancy rates of 3.7, 4.1, and 5.9 respectively. In 2017, the City’s rental vacancy rate increased to 4.0 while the County and State rental vacancy rates decreased to 2.8 and 3.5 respectively. A balanced vacancy rate for an area is typically around five percent. Vacancy rates lower than five percent favor landlords and can signal a shortage of choice for renters, while vacancy rates above five percent favor renters. Table A - 30: Owner & Renter Vacancy Rates, 2010 & 2017 Year Percent Vacancy Rate SLO City SLO County CA State Owner Renter Owner Renter Owner Renter 2010 2.2 3.7 2.0 4.1 2.2 5.9 2017 0.7 4.0 1.3 2.8 1.0 3.5 Source: U.S. Census 2010, 2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates SLOCOG 6th Cycle Data Package 2019, Table 10; California Dept. of Housing & Community Development (HCD) i) Affordability Gap Analysis Ownership Units Table A-31 shows the values of owner-occupied, single family housing in 2017 for the City of San Luis Obispo and for San Luis Obispo County in 2017. Table A - 31: Single Family Housing Values, 2017 Price Range $ SLO City SLO County Units Percent of Total Units Percent of Total Less than 50,000 321 4.5 2,199 3.5 50,000 - 99,999 331 4.6 1,310 2.1 100,000 - 149,999 165 2.3 1,037 1.6 150,000 - 199,999 233 3.3 1,237 2.0 200,000 - 299,999 259 3.6 5,142 8.2 300,000 - 499,999 1,264 17.6 20,622 32.7 500,000 - 999,999 4,212 58.8 26,351 41.8 1,000,000 or more 382 5.3 5,154 8.2 Total 7,167 100 63,052 100 Source: U.S. Census 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 A18 In 2017, very few homes in the City and County were valued at below $300,000, with the City only having 18 percent and the County only having 17 percent of the total respectively. According to Zillow, in 2019 the median home value in the City was $774,800, about a 4 percent increase from the 2015 median value of $666,100. Although the total price of a home is an important indicator of affordability, the primary affordability determinant is the monthly payment. Lenders typically require homebuyers to demonstrate that the total monthly loan payment, consisting of loan principal, interest, taxes, and insurance will not exceed 30 percent of gross monthly household income. Table A-32 compares the monthly median income and housing costs in the City, County, and the State in 2017. Table A - 32: Median Monthly Owner Cost, Percent of Household Income, 2017 Median Monthly Owner Cost, Percent of Household Income With Mortgage Without Mortgage City of San Luis Obispo 25.5 10.0 County of San Luis Obispo 26.4 10.7 State of California 25.9 11.0 Source: U.S. Census 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates In 2017, mortgaged median-priced houses in the City, County, and State were all below the 30 percent threshold. While median family incomes have increased since 2010, it has not kept pace with the growth in house prices. Table A-33 and Figure A-2 compare the median sales costs and median family income in the County from 2014 to 2019. The median family income data comes from the California Department of Housing and Community Development’s Official Median Incomes for four person households. From 2014 to 2019, median family income in the County grew over 13 percent. However, this is not nearly as large an increase as the 16 percent increase in median sales prices of homes during this time. Table A - 33: Median Housing Costs vs. Median Family Income, 2014-2019 Year Median City Sales Price ($) Percent Change from Previous Year Median Family Income ($)1 Percent Change from Previous Year Income Required To Afford ($)2 % of Median Income Needed To Afford 2014 $594,200 --- $77,000 --- $121,200 157 2015 $546,600 -8.0 $77,100 0.1 $111,520 145 2016 $602,800 10.3 $77,100 0.0 $122,960 159 2017 $611,900 1.5 $83,200 7.9 $124,840 150 2018 $655,500 7.1 $83,200 0.0 $133,720 161 2019 $693,000 5.7 $87,500 5.2 $141,360 162 Change, 2014-2019 $98,800 16.6 $10,500 13.6 $20,160 4 Source: Zillow, 2014-2019 1Based on HCD Official Income Limits for a four-person household. 2Income required to afford is annual income such that 30 percent of gross monthly income is the monthly mortgage payment for a median priced home. Mortgage payments are derived assuming 30-year fixed rate loan, at 5% interest, with a 5% down payment City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 A19 Figure A - 2: Median Residential Sales Prices vs. Median Family Income, 2014-2019 Table A-33 compares the area median income to the average median sales prices within the City since 2014. It also derives the minimum amount of income required to afford the average unit sold in that year. The median sales price includes all unit types. The income required to afford the median sales price assumes that the monthly mortgage payment will be no more than 30 percent of the monthly income, which is an affordability standard set by HUD. Since 2014, the income needed to afford a median mortgage has been well over the City’s actual area median family income. In 2019, the income required to afford a $693,000 median-priced home in the City was 162 percent of the actual area median family income of $87,500. The gap between the median income and the median sales price has continued to grow over the past 5 years. Figure A-2 shows the data from Table A-33 in a graphic form. The graph compares median family incomes with median sales prices from 2014 to 2019. The median family income axis is labeled on the left side of the graph, while the median sales price axis is labeled on the right side of the graph. The graph shows that the median sales price has gone up at a faster rate than median family incomes have over the 5 year period from 2014 to 2019. Source: Zillow, 2014-2019 Incomes Based on HCD Official Income Limits for a four person household Rental Units Table A-34 shows the median gross rent as a percentage of household income in 2017. As previously shown in Table A-32, homeowners were spending about 25 percent of their income for housing costs in 2017. However, Table A-34 shows that renters spent considerably more. The median renter was spending 45.7 percent of their income on rent in 2017, suggesting overpayment for rental housing is common in San Luis Obispo. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 A20 Table A - 34: Median Gross Rent as a Percent of Household Income, 2017 Median Renter Cost, Percent of Income City of San Luis Obispo 45.7 County of San Luis Obispo 32.6 State of California 33.1 Source: U.S. Census 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates The amount of rent different income groups can afford, using a 30 percent affordability standard, is shown below in Table A-35. As seen earlier in Table A-29, the average rents of one-bedroom and two-bedroom apartments in the City were $1,445 and $2,094 respectively. The average one- bedroom apartment would only be considered affordable for low- and moderate-income households. The average two-bedroom apartment would only be considered affordable to moderate income households. Table A - 35: Affordable Rents by Income Group in San Luis Obispo, 2019 Income Group Percent of Median Income Earned Income Earned (4 person household) Affordable Rent* Extremely Low 30 or less < $26,950 $459 - $761 Very Low 31-50 $26,950 - $44,950 $766 - $1,269 Low 51-80 $44,950 - $71,900 $919 - $1,523 Moderate 81-120 $71,900 - $105,000 $1,276 - $2,115 *Affordable is defined as 30 percent or less of gross income spent on rent Source: HCD 2019; based on median income of four-person household, which is $87,500. 5. Summary and Conclusions Appendix A describes the following demographic factors affecting the City’s housing market: Population and household growth: Population growth has slowed in the City from 2010 to 2019. Over this period, City population has grown by only 1,683 persons to 46,802, which is an average annual growth rate of 0.4 percent. By 2035, the San Luis Obispo Council of Governments (SLOCOG) projects that the City population will grow slightly more to 50,659. SLOCOG projects that during this period, the average annual growth rate of the City will remain relatively unchanged at 0.49 percent. Age Distribution: Both the City and the County have significantly higher proportions of young adults compared to the State due to the presence of the California Polytechnic State University and Cuesta College. In the City, over one third of the population is between 18-24 years old, which is consistent with the large college student populations. When compared with the County and State, the City has significantly lower percentages of school age children aged 5 to 17, middle-aged adults, and older working adults. The City is relatively representative of State demographics for percentages of young children and for senior citizens aged 65 and over. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 A21 Race and Ethnicity: The 2013-2017 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimates indicate that almost 15 percent of the City’s population was non-White, compared to 39 percent of the State. While not approaching the State distribution, the City is gradually becoming more ethnically diverse. The California Department of Finance projects that by 2035, about one third of the County’s population will be non-white with the most rapid growth coming in Hispanic and Asian/Pacific Islander populations. Employment: The City has seen a steady decrease in annual unemployment rates since the height of the recession in 2010, when the unemployment rate peaked at 10.9 percent. The unemployment rate been steadily decreasing since that time. As of 2019, the unemployment rate in the City was 2.1 percent. In 2019, the three industries offering the most jobs in the City were educational services and healthcare and social assistance, arts entertainment and recreation and accommodation, and retail trade. Household size and type: The City’s average household size has been declining since the 1990s. As the average household size grows smaller, the existing housing stock accommodates fewer people. In 2017, non-family households were almost 60 percent of all households, while family households were about 40 percent. Household and family income: The City of San Luis Obispo and the County’s median family incomes continue to exceed other Central Coast counties’ median family incomes as well as the State median family income. However, as of 2017, over 50 percent of household incomes are still less than $50,000, which is considered very low income. Housing Unit Size: Just over one-third of the City’s housing stock consists of two-bedroom units, with three-bedroom units accounting for almost 30 percent and studio/one-bedroom units accounting for over 20 percent of the housing stock. Housing units with four bedrooms or more account for 15 percent of the housing stock. It is interesting to note that the percentage of owner-occupied and renter-occupied units varies distinctly by the number of bedrooms. For example, two-bedroom renter-occupied units make up 25 percent of all rental units compared to the 10 percent of all owner-occupied two-bedroom unit. This flips for three-bedroom units, with owner-occupied units consisting of 18 percent and renter-occupied units making up only 11 percent. Overall, renter-occupied units comprise the majority of the City’s housing stock. Housing Inventory and Market Factors: Housing units added increased faster than population rate. Between 2010 and 2019, there were 850 housing units added, compared to 1,683 people added. Between 2010 and 2019, there were 600 multi-family dwelling units constructed compared to 333 of single-family dwellings constructed. In 2017, there were 22% more renters than owners in the City. Housing Affordability: Many people who live in San Luis Obispo overpay for housing, and many who work here cannot afford to live here. Median housing costs have outpaced incomes, between 2014 and 2019, median sales prices increased 16.6 percent while the median income only increased by 13.6 percent. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B1 Appendix B Housing Needs ______________________________________________________________________________ Appendix B describes housing needs relative to various segments of the population, including groups with special housing needs. Several factors shape the type and amount of housing demand in San Luis Obispo. The main factors driving housing need during the planning period are: • Population and job growth, both in the City and in the County; • Increased rate of household formation due to smaller households; • Inability of extremely low, very low, low, and moderate income working adults to find suitable affordable housing near jobs; • Growth of special needs groups such as the elderly, single-parent households, households with disabled persons, and homeless individuals and families. Analysis of the City’s demographic factors suggests that while almost all income households will continue to have difficulty finding suitable affordable housing, the largest gap between housing supply and need will be for residents in the extremely low, very low, and low income categories. 1. Regional Housing Needs Assessment Under State law, each city and county are to develop programs designed to meet its share of the region’s housing needs for all income groups, as determined by the region’s council of governments. The State Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) identifies housing needs for all regions of the State. Councils of governments then apportion the regional housing need among their member jurisdictions. The Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) process seeks to ensure that each jurisdiction accepts responsibility, within its physical and financial capability to do so, for the housing needs of its residents and for those people who might reasonably be expected to move there. State housing law recognizes that housing need allocations are goals that jurisdictions seek to achieve; however, they are not intended as production quotas. The allocations are included in each jurisdiction’s Housing Element so that plans, policies , and standards may be created to help meet housing needs within this element's planning term. a) Existing Housing Needs Households Overpaying for Housing Overpayment refers to households paying more than 30 percent of their gross income to secure adequate shelter. This is also the classification that the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) defines as “cost burden.” Cost burden is most common for lower income households, although in high-cost housing markets such as San Luis Obispo, even moderate and above moderate income households are often cost burdened as well. High housing costs impact lower-income households more because lower-income households City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B2 must use a disproportionately higher percentage of their incomes for housing and typically have the least financial flexibility to meet other basic needs. For these individuals, the eventual result may be a series of financial problems leading to housing deterioration, as limited funds must be used for more immediate needs, or the result may be an entire loss of housing. For the community, it could mean overcrowding as households seek to maximize income to meet housing costs, a visible decline in housing conditions, neighborhood parking issues, and other related problems. Within San Luis Obispo County, very low- and low-income households also have had a higher frequency of overpaying for housing, with many paying more than one-half of their incomes for housing, a level referred to by HUD as “severe cost burden.” For some, overpaying is a choice to secure a certain type of housing. For many others, it is a necessity to meet basic housing needs. Overpayment for rental housing has been a continuing problem in the City of San Luis Obispo. The Census indicates that in 2010, 66 percent of the City’s 11,702 renter households overpaid for housing. The figures also show that 32 percent of the City’s 7,229 owner-occupied households overpaid for housing in 2010. This translates into an estimated 9,977 of City households who were cost burdened, paying more than 30 percent of their gross income for housing in 2010. These households consisted of over half of the total households within the City. In 2010, household overpayment was down from 2000, when 61 percent of households overpaid for housing. The American Community Survey (ACS) indicates that in 2017, 6,445 of the City’s 11,425 renter households, or 56 percent, were overpaying for housing. Of the City’s 6,620 owner-occupied households, 775 households, 12 percent of all owner-occupied households, were overpaying for housing. In total, 7,220 households in San Luis Obispo were cost burdened, spending more than 30 percent of their gross income on housing in 2017. These households consisted of 40 percent of the total households within the City. The amount of households and the overall percentages of households that were cost burdened and overpaying for housing decreased from 2010 to 2017. In San Luis Obispo, overpayment figures may be misleading. The percentage of households overpaying may significantly understate the problem, since high housing costs force many to seek affordable housing outside the City. Those unable to afford any housing in San Luis Obispo are not reflected in the figures. However, the data may also overstate the problem due to the fact that many renters in the City are students. Most student households, including families headed by students, are nominally in the lower income categories but have significant financial resources due to parental support, loans or savings that is not reflected in their current income levels. Nevertheless, rising housing costs and relatively slow income growth are well documented, affirming that overpayment is an ongoing issue in the City. Overcrowding High housing prices often force lower-income households to accept smaller housing units, resulting in overcrowding. Overcrowding can have serious housing and neighborhood consequences. It places additional demands on housing facilities, neighborhood parking, community infrastructure and services, and can contribute to deterioration of the housing stock. Table B-1 below compares overcrowding figures for the City and County of San Luis Obispo and City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B3 the State of California in 2017. Census data indicate that the percentages of overcrowded rental units in the City and County have declined since 2010, from 5.4 and 6.5 percent to 3.7 and 6.2, respectively. City and County figures for overcrowding remain relatively low compared to the State. In San Luis Obispo, among the 11,561 renter households in 2017, an estimated 423 households were overcrowded. For owner-occupied housing, San Luis Obispo has fewer people per room than the State, with over 99 percent of owner households averaging one person or fewer per room. About 48 of the City’s 7,167 owner-occupied households were overcrowded. Table B - 1: Residential Overcrowding, 2017 Percent of all renter-occupied housing units, by number of occupants per room Percent of all owner-occupied housing units, by number of occupants per room 1.00 person or fewer Moderate Overcrowding (1.01- 1.50) Severe Overcrowding (1.51+) 1.00 person or fewer Moderate Overcrowding (1.01- 1.50) Severe Overcrowding (1.51+) SLO City 96.3% 1.8% 1.9% 99.3% 0.6% 0.1% SLO County 93.7% 4.0% 2.2% 98.5% 1.0% 0.5% CA State 86.7% 8.2% 5.0% 96.0% 3.0% 1.0% Sources: U.S. Census 2010; 2013- 2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates; SLOCOG 6th Cycle Data Package 2019, Table 11; California Dept. of Housing & Community Development (HCD) Another measure of residential overcrowding is the number of persons per occupied housing unit, or average household size. The average household size in the City of San Luis Obispo increased from 2010 to 2017. The ACS reports that the average household size in the City for 2017 was 2.44. In 2010, the U.S. Census reported an average household size of 2.29 in the City, compared with 2.51 and 2.83 in the County and State, respectively. Table B-2 compares average household size between the City, County and State in 2017. Table B - 2: Average Household Size by Tenure, 2017 Renter Occupied (persons) Owner Occupied (persons) Average (persons) City of San Luis Obispo 2.51 2.33 2.44 County of San Luis Obispo 2.55 2.48 2.51 State of California 2.91 3.00 2.96 Source: U.S. Census 2013- 2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates b) Housing Needs for 2020-2028 In San Luis Obispo County, the San Luis Obispo County Council of Governments (SLOCOG) is charged with allocating the region’s assigned housing needs among seven cities and the unincorporated County area. The numbers supplied by the State's Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) are “goal numbers” and are not intended as production quotas. State law recognizes that a jurisdiction’s ability to meet regional housing needs within the planning period may be constrained by several factors. Government Code Section 65583 states: “It is recognized that the total housing needs identified pursuant to subdivision (a) may exceed available resources and the community’s ability to satisfy this need within the content of the City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B4 general plan requirements outlined in Article 5 (commencing with Section 65300). Under these circumstances, the quantified objectives need not be identical to the total housing needs.” Jurisdictions must accommodate the RHNA numbers in their Housing Elements or explain why their quantified housing objectives differ and identify actions the jurisdiction will take to remove constraints to achieving the RHNA number. These numbers apply to the planning term from January 2019 through June 2028. Each jurisdiction’s total need is broken down by income group. These needs are included in each jurisdiction’s housing element as residential growth objectives for which plans and policies are established to be accomplished within the planning term. On October 2, 2019, the San Luis Obispo Council of Governments approved the County’s Regional Housing Needs Plan incorporating the HCD’s housing needs determination of 10,810 total County units, significantly higher than the 2014 RHNA of 4,090 units. The approved RHNA Plan is shown in Table B-3. Table B - 3: Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA) for San Luis Obispo County, Jan. 2019 – Dec. 2028 Very Low Income 24.6%1 Low Income 15.5%1 Moderate Income 18.0%1 Above Moderate Income 41.9%1 Totals Percent City RHNA to Total RHNA Number of Units Arroyo Grande 170 107 124 291 692 6% Atascadero 207 131 151 354 843 8% Grover Beach 91 57 66 155 369 3% Morro Bay 97 60 70 164 391 4% Paso Robles 356 224 259 607 1,446 13% Pismo Beach 113 71 82 193 459 4% San Luis Obispo 825 520 603 1,406 3,354 31% Unincorporated County 801 505 585 1,365 3,256 30% Totals 2,660 1,675 1,940 4,535 10,810 100% Source: San Luis Obispo Council of Governments (SLOCOG), 2019 1Percent of total housing need in each jurisdiction. A jurisdiction’s housing need allocation is the number of additional dwellings necessary to accommodate expected growth in the number of households, and to: 1) replace expected demolitions and conversions to non-residential use, 2) achieve an ideal vacancy rate (five to eight percent) that allows adequate housing choice, and 3) avoid concentrating lower-income housing in areas that already have disproportionately high proportions of lower income households. Total housing need is broken down by household income categories used in State and Federal programs: extremely low, very-low, low, moderate, and above-moderate income. As shown in Table B-3, San Luis Obispo’s allocation is 3,354 dwellings, 31 percent of the County’s total allocation. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B5 c) Extremely Low-Income Households Local governments have typically used four different income categories to describe and plan for housing needs: very-low, low, moderate, and above moderate-income levels. State law requires quantification and analysis of existing and projected housing needs of extremely low income (ELI) households. ELI is defined as 30 percent of area median income and below. Table B-4 shows the relationship of the four household income categories, projected number of households in each category and the percentage of households paying more than 30 percent of their income for housing. This table identified extremely low-income renter occupied households as one of the most cost burdened income categories, with 84 percent of households paying more than 30 percent of their monthly income on housing. Table B - 4: Household Problems by Tenure and Income Level, 2015 Renter Households Owner Households Total Households Extremely Low Income Households (<= 30% median family income) 4,275 420 4,695 Percent with any housing problems 84% 70% 83% Percent with cost burden (>30% of income) 84% 69% 82% Percent with severe cost burden (>50% of income) 79% 62% 78% Very Low Income Households (30% - 50% median family income) 1,740 430 2,170 Percent with any housing problems 92% 58% 85% Percent with cost burden (>30% of income) 89% 58% 83% Low Income Households (50% - 80% median family income) 2,125 655 2,780 Percent with any housing problems 64% 36% 57% Percent with cost burden (>30% of income) 62% 36% 56% Total Households 11,425 6,620 18,045 Source: HUD Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS), 2011-2015 SLOCOG 6th Cycle Data Package 2019, Table 4; California Dept. of Housing & Community Development (HCD) In 2019, San Luis Obispo County’s median income for a four-person household was $87,500. For extremely low-income households, this results in an income of $26,950 or less for a four-person household or $18,900 or less for a one-person household. Households with extremely low incomes have a variety of housing situations and needs. For example, most families and individuals receiving public assistance, such as social security insurance (SSI) or disability insurance, are considered extremely low-income households. Existing Needs City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B6 In 2015, approximately 4,695 extremely low-income households resided in the City, representing 26 percent of the total households. Most (91 percent) extremely low-income households are renters and experience a high incidence of housing problems. According to 2011-2015 HUD Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS) data, 83 percent of extremely low-income households faced housing problems (defined as a housing cost burden greater than 30 percent of income and/or overcrowding and/or without complete kitchen or plumbing facilities) and 82 percent spent over 30 percent of their income on housing. A total of 48 percent of all households across all income categories paid more than 30 percent of their income for housing. Projected Needs To calculate the projected housing needs, the City assumed one-half of its assigned very low- income regional housing need is comprised of extremely low-income households. As a result, from the very low income need of 825 units, the City has a projected need of 412 units for extremely low-income households. Many extremely low-income households will be seeking rental housing and most likely facing an overpayment, overcrowded or substandard housing condition. To address this need, the City employs a diversified strategy including promoting construction of a variety of housing types (veteran’s housing, transitional housing, 100% deed-restricted affordable development projects, etc.) and preservation of extremely low and very low-income housing. Extremely low-income households often need supportive housing and are particularly vulnerable to becoming homeless due to local high housing costs and limited incomes. Supportive housing is generally defined as permanent and affordable housing with on-site services, such as childcare, after-school tutoring, and career counseling. These services help residents transition into safer and more stable living conditions. City regulations allow supportive and transitional housing by right in all zones. To address the housing needs of extremely low-income households, the City will continue to identify opportunities to work with developers and non-profit builders who specialize in developing affordable projects and supportive housing. The goals of the City’s efforts to develop affordable and supportive housing include: • Build a long-term partnership with development groups; • Gain access to specialized funding sources, including funding sources that support deeper subsidies for ELI housing; • Identify the range of local resources and assistance needed to facilitate the development of housing for extremely low-income households, and • Promote a variety of housing types, including higher density, multifamily supportive, single room occupancy, and shared housing. As described in Program 3.13, the City will work with its nonprofit partners to develop housing for extremely low-income households. Possible activities include organization capacity building, assisting with site identification and acquisition, providing local financial resources (Affordable Housing funds and CDBG funds), issuing impact and development fee deferral loans, prioritizing and streamlining planning entitlements, and utilizing flexible development standards & incentives. 2. Special Housing Needs City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B7 Certain segments of the population may have more difficulty finding decent, affordable housing due to their specific circumstances. In San Luis Obispo, this may include elderly persons, large families, female-headed households, the disabled, homeless and farm workers. a) Elderly Persons Elderly residents are classified as being 65 years of age or older. The 2010 Census shows that elderly populations accounted for 12 percent, 5,431 residents, of the City’s total population. In 2017, elderly populations still made up 12 percent, 5,790 residents, of the City’s total population. As seen in Table B-5, the elderly population in the City has not changed significantly since 2010. Table B - 5: Elderly Population in San Luis Obispo, 2010-2017 Age 2010 2017 Percent Change, 2010-2017 Elderly Population Percent of Total Population that is Elderly Elderly Population Percent of Total Population that is Elderly 65 to 74 years 2,381 5 3,077 7 29 75 to 84 years 1,787 4 1,702 4 -5 85 years and over 1,263 3 1,011 2 -20 Total Elderly Population 5,431 12 5,790 12 7 Source: U.S. Census, 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates As seen in Table B-6, according to the 2017 ACS, there are 2,953 owner-occupied elderly householders in the City and 978 renter-occupied elderly householders. Households with persons age 65 years or older comprise over 20 percent of the total occupied households. Table B - 6: Elderly Householders by Tenure and Age, 2017 Householder Age Owners Renters Total 65 to 74 years 1,686 397 2,083 75 to 84 years 769 401 1,170 85 years and over 498 180 678 Total 65 years and over 2,953 978 3,931 Total (all ages) 7,167 11,561 18,728 Source: U.S. Census, 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates SLOCOG 6th Cycle Data Package 2019, Table 13; California Dept. of Housing & Community Development (HCD) Elderly persons may need regular medical care, special residential access features, home medical equipment or trained medical care, transportation, and opportunities to socialize. Those with moderate or above moderate incomes can usually afford to accommodate those needs. However, many elderly citizens have fixed or low incomes and do not own a home. They must compete for rentals with other small households that may have greater financial resources or may have the potential for greater income in the future. Low-income elderly people who do own homes may have difficulty affording property maintenance costs, or meeting special accessibility or mobility needs such as ramps, handrails, City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B8 door widths, counters and cupboard height and design. Due to limited mobility or health issues, elderly people may have a more difficult time meeting their personal needs, such as shopping, health, or other errands, making their housing locations especially important. Table B-7 shows that of 1,877 elderly city residents, 34 percent of residents age 65 or older, have disabilities such as hearing difficulties, vision difficulties, cognitive difficulties, ambulatory (mobility) difficulties, self-care difficulties, and independent living difficulties. Table B - 7: Elderly Population with Disabilities, 2017 Disability Type Males Females Total Population Percent of Total Elderly Population Population Percent of Total Elderly Population Population Percent of Total Elderly Population Total Elderly Population (>65 years old) 2,332 42 3,264 58 5,596 100 With a hearing difficulty 412 50 405 50 817 15 With a vision difficulty 131 40 194 60 325 6 With a cognitive difficulty 92 21 345 79 437 8 With an ambulatory difficulty 425 39 658 61 1,083 19 With a self-care difficulty 176 44 227 56 403 7 With an independent living difficulty 273 28 695 72 968 17 Total Elderly Population with a Disability 813 43 1,064 57 1,877 34 Source: U.S. Census, 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates SLOCOG 6th Cycle Data Package 2019, Table 13; California Dept. of Housing & Community Development (HCD) Elderly residents who own their homes are in relatively good positions financially. Given the high cost of housing in the area, some could sell their homes for a profit and use it to purchase a smaller apartment or condominium, or for a residential care facility if needed. However, seniors on fixed incomes with few assets have a more difficult time securing housing. Based on requests to the City’s Housing Authority for housing affordable to the elderly, there is a clear need for more subsidized elderly housing in the City. With the aging of the so-called “baby-boom” generation born in the 1950’s, and with longer life expectancies, the need for suitable housing and related services is expected to grow. As seen in Table B-8, according to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), 555 elderly San Luis Obispo households had incomes below the poverty threshold within the extremely low income category in 2015. Of these 555 households, 325 were renter households and 230 were owner households. Over 40 percent of all elderly households in the City were within the low, very low, or extremely low income categories in 2015. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B9 Table B - 8: Elderly Households by Income & Tenure, 2015 Income Category Owner Households Renter Households Total Households Extremely Low Income Households (<= 30% median family income) 230 325 555 Very Low Income Households (30% - 50% median family income) 290 335 625 Low Income Households (50% - 80% median family income) 345 230 575 Moderate Income Households (80% - 100% median family income) 210 90 300 Above Moderate Income Households (>100% median family income) 1,840 225 2,065 Total Elderly Households 2,915 1,205 4,120 Source: HUD Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS), 2011-2015 Residential Care Facilities San Luis Obispo has a limited number of residential care facilities and special housing geared toward the elderly. Residential care homes may also serve youths, adults, and persons with disabilities. As of 2019, the City had 20 facilities providing housing for these special needs groups. Table B-9 summarizes these special housing facilities. Table B - 9: Special Needs Housing and Residential Care Facilities, 2020 Facility Total Capacity (# of Beds) Disabled Housing Senior Independent & Assisted Living Shelter 40 Prado Homeless Center 100 ✓ StandStrong Safe House 14 ✓ Anderson Hotel 68 ✓ ✓ Brizzolara Street Apts. 30 ✓ Bishop Street Studios 34 ✓ Del Rio Terrace 41 ✓ Judson Terrace Lodge 33 ✓ Judson Terrace Homes 107 ✓ Marvin Gardens 24 ✓ Pismo Station 10 ✓ Broad Street Apartments 6 ✓ Carmel Street Apartments 19 ✓ Avila Senior Living 39 ✓ Vista Rosa 6 ✓ ✓ Vista Rosita 19 ✓ ✓ Las Brisas 110 ✓ Bella Vista Transitional Care 162 ✓ ✓ Mission View Health Center 65 ✓ ✓ The Village at Sydney Creek 84 ✓ ✓ City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B10 The Village at The Oaks 50 ✓ The Village at The Palms 128 ✓ The Village at Garden Creek 72 ✓ Total 1,221 11 16 2 Source: City of San Luis Obispo, Community Development Department 2020 Large Households Total Capacity equation: Total large family households multiplied by 5 persons. b) Large Households According to the 2017 ACS, 1,204 households, or six percent of San Luis Obispo's households, consist of “large families.” Large families are defined as households with five or more persons, at least two of which are related by blood, marriage, or adoption. Large families are included as a special needs group because they typically require larger dwellings with more bedrooms than typically needed by most households. Large families require dwellings with five or more rooms, and of these, three or more are probably bedrooms. Table B - 10: Number of Units by Bedrooms in San Luis Obispo, 2017 Bedroom Type Units No Bedroom 1,329 1 Bedroom 3,154 2 Bedrooms 7,089 3 Bedrooms 5,853 4 Bedrooms 2,273 5 or more Bedrooms 634 Total Units 20,332 Source: U.S. Census, 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Table B-10 above highlights the City's housing stock as of 2017, which contained 634 large dwellings with five or more rooms, or three percent of the housing stock. Large families face the dual challenge of finding an adequately sized dwelling at a cost that they can afford. These families often have the largest affordability gap in securing housing among the special needs groups. This is especially true for renter households, since most of the City’s larger dwellings are owner occupied. As shown in Table B-11 below, of the City’s roughly 8,800 dwellings with three or more bedrooms (consisting of about 8,200 households), 60 percent are owner occupied. The remaining 40 percent (about 3,500 large rental housing units), are often priced for the student housing market. Reinforcing the data from Table B-11, Table B-12 shows household sizes by tenure in the City. In 2017, large households consisting of 5 or more persons consisted of 27 percent owner households and 73 percent renter households. This reinforces the demand for large rental housing units to accommodate large households, the majority of which are renters. It is evident from the census data that there are a sufficient number of large dwellings to accommodate the numbers of large families in the City. However, data also shows that lower-income households are priced out of both the ownership and rental housing markets for that type of housing. Moderate income families may be able to afford rental costs for large dwellings; however, a tight student-housing market coupled with relatively low vacancy rates (averaging about three percent) make it more difficult for families to secure large dwellings. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B11 Table B - 11: Household Tenure by Bedrooms in San Luis Obispo, 2017 Bedroom Type Owner Households Renter Households Total Number Percent Number Percent No Bedroom 38 4 1,036 96 1,074 1 Bedroom 354 12 2,561 88 2,915 2 Bedrooms 1,875 29 4,641 71 6,516 3 Bedrooms 3,312 61 2,105 39 5,417 4 Bedrooms 1,330 61 842 39 2,172 5 or more Bedrooms 258 41 376 59 634 3 or more Bedrooms 4,900 60 3,323 40 8,223 Total Households 7,167 38 11,561 62 18,728 Source: U.S. Census, 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates Table B - 12: Large Households by Tenure in San Luis Obispo, 2017 Tenure 1 - 4 Persons 5+ Persons Total Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Owner Households 6,845 39 322 27 7,167 38 Renter Households 10,679 61 882 73 11,561 62 Total Households 17,524 --- 1,204 --- 18,728 --- Source: U.S. Census, 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates SLOCOG 6th Cycle Data Package 2019, Table 7; California Dept. of Housing & Community Development (HCD) As seen in Table B-13, according to the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, 100 large households of 5 or more persons were in the low, very low, or extremely low-income categories in 2015. This consisted of around 20 percent of all large households in 2015, and 30 percent if including moderate income households. Market-rate housing options for large families includes overcrowded multi-family units and older single-family homes. The development of more on-campus student housing may help make more housing available for large families. Table B - 13: Household Size by Income in San Luis Obispo, 2015 Income Category 1 – 4 Persons 5+ Persons Total Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Extremely Low Income Households (≤ 30% AMI) 580 12 30 6 610 11 Very Low Income Households (30% - 50% AMI) 440 9 15 3 455 8 Low Income Households (50% - 80% AMI) 745 15 55 11 800 15 Moderate Income Households (80% - 120% AMI) 335 7 59 11 394 7 Above Moderate Income Households (>120% AMI) 2,890 58 360 69 3,250 59 Total Households 4,990 --- 519 --- 5,509 --- Source: HUD Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategy (CHAS), 2011-2015 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B12 c) Female-Headed Households In 2010, females headed 7 percent of the City’s households, or an estimated 1,336 households with no husband present. About 6 percent of county households and 8 percent of State households were female-headed in 2010. By comparison, females headed 1,237 households, still 7 percent of all households in the City in 2017 as seen in Table B-14. Female-headed households also consisted of 8 percent of county households and 13 percent of state households in 2017. Although the actual number of female-headed households did not necessarily increase for the City, County, and State from 2010 to 2017, the percentage of female-headed households increased slightly in this period. Female-headed households are included as a special needs group because of their low rate of homeownership, lower average incomes, and relatively high poverty rates. This group’s housing needs are similar to those of the elderly in that affordability, limited income and access to services are key concerns. Female-headed households have space needs similar to two-parent households, but are at a distinct disadvantage in competing for suitable housing with the financial resources of only one adult. Often, the single parent must settle for a small dwelling that does not meet the household’s needs, or must spend an excessively large share of the household's monthly income on housing and childcare. Housing close to employment, schools and services tends to be more desirable and therefore more expensive. In their search for affordable housing, families are often forced to trade the convenience of proximity for affordability. As the distances between work, school, daycare, and the grocery store increase, so is the time spent connecting the stops, leaving less time for the family to spend together, a particularly difficult situation for single-parent families. Table B-14 shows the number of female-headed households in 2017. Of the total female-headed households, 284 were listed as having incomes under the poverty level. Table B - 14: Female-Headed Households in San Luis Obispo, 2017 Household Type Number Percent Total City households 18,728 100% Total Female-headed households 1,237 7% Female-headed households with children under 18 589 3% Female-headed households without children under 18 648 3% Total households under the poverty level 529 3% Female-headed households under the poverty level 284 2% Source: U.S. Census, 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates SLOCOG 6th Cycle Data Package 2019, Table 8; California Dept. of Housing & Community Development (HCD) Affordable housing needs of female-headed households can be addressed through rent assistance, low- and moderate income housing production, shared equity/down payment assistance and group housing. Housing opportunities also can be improved through city policies calling for the provision of affordable childcare, and by locating family-oriented housing developments close to major employment areas, transportation facilities and shopping. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B13 d) Disabled Persons As shown in Tables B-15 and B-16, 4,210 people, or 9 percent of all City residents, reported some type of disability in the 2017 ACS, with 2,520 residents reporting ambulatory (mobility) and self- care disabilities. Access and affordability are two major issues that may limit housing choices for disabled people. This group is included as a special housing needs group because people with disabilities often need facilities not typically provided in conventional housing. Depending on the disability, special accommodations may include specially designed interior features and accessibility provisions outside the unit. California Administrative Code Title 24 sets access and adaptability requirements for persons living with disabilities, and these apply to most new residential and commercial developments. The regulations require special architectural features to meet the needs of disabled persons, including access ramps, accessible restrooms and appropriately designed interior features. These requirements do not apply to single-family residential construction. Table B - 15: Persons Reporting Ambulatory or Self-Care Difficulties, 2017 Ambulatory Difficulty Only Self-Care Difficulty Only Total Percent of Total Population Persons Ages 5-17 23 78 101 0.2 Persons Ages 18-64 708 225 933 2.1 Persons Ages 65+ 1,083 403 1,486 3.3 Total Persons 1,814 706 2,520 5.6 Source: U.S. Census, 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates SLOCOG 6th Cycle Data Package 2019, Table 13; California Dept. of Housing & Community Development (HCD) Other adults, who need less medical attention than is provided by a convalescent home, are accommodated by an increasing number of small group homes (discussed below). Those with multiple or severe disabilities, usually both physical and mental, require group living arrangements where care and supervision can be provided. The demand for such accommodations is expected to grow at about the same rate as the overall population. Sites for large facilities of this type are limited in number, although moderate-sized and smaller facilities could be accommodated in many residential areas throughout the City. Table B-16 shows the number of City residents that live with disabilities such as hearing, vision, cognitive, ambulatory (mobility), self-care, and independent living difficulties. Persons with mental or physical disabilities who do not need medical supervision but are not able to live independently can usually be accommodated in large or small group homes. Small residential care facilities typically accommodate between six and 12 people, and provide beds, meals and 24-hour assistance by caregivers. According to Access Support Network of San Luis Obispo, there are estimated to be 130 persons in the city suffering from HIV/AIDS and other illnesses. Those suffering from HIV/AIDS have specific housing needs. The main housing problems for this group is housing affordability, since in many cases, these patients can no longer hold down a job and do not have independent means of transportation and are dependent upon public transit. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B14 Table B - 16: Disability by Type and Age in San Luis Obispo, 2017 Disability Type Youth (Ages 5 - 17) Adults (Ages 18 - 64) Seniors (Ages 65 +) Total With a hearing difficulty 37 489 817 1,343 With a vision difficulty 51 349 325 725 With a cognitive difficulty 113 1,015 437 1,565 With an ambulatory difficulty 23 708 1,083 1,814 With a self-care difficulty 78 225 403 706 With an independent living difficulty --- 564 968 1,532 Total individuals with a disability 231 2,102 1,877 4,210 Source: U.S. Census, 2013-2017 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates SLOCOG 6th Cycle Data Package 2019, Table 13; California Dept. of Housing & Community Development (HCD) e) Developmental Disabilities State law (SB 812) requires that the Housing Element discuss the housing needs of persons with developmental disabilities. As defined by federal law, “developmental disability” means a severe, chronic disability of an individual that is attributable to a mental or physical impairment or combination which manifested before the age of 22 and is likely to continue indefinitely. The disability results in substantial functional limitations in three or more of the following areas of major life activity: a) self-care; b) receptive and expressive language; c) learning; d) mobility; e) self-direction; f) capacity for independent living; or g) economic self- sufficiency. The disability would also reflect the individual’s need for a combination and sequence of special, interdisciplinary, or generic services, individualized supports, or other forms of assistance that are of extended duration and are individually planned and coordinated. Many developmentally disabled persons can live and work independently within a conventional housing environment. More severely disabled individuals require a group living environment where supervision is provided. The most severely affected individuals may require an institutional environment where medical attention and physical therapy are provided. Because developmental disabilities exist before adulthood, the first issue in supportive housing for the developmen tally disabled is the transition from the person’s living situation as a child to an appropriate level of independence as an adult. Table B - 17: Developmental Disabilities by Age and Location, 2019 Zip Code Ages 0 - 17 Ages 18+ Total 93401 98 147 245 93405 49 107 156 Total 147 254 401 Source: California Department of Developmental Services, 2019 SLOCOG 6th Cycle Data Package 2019, Table 14; California Dept. of Housing & Community Development (HCD) City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B15 The Census does not record developmental disabilities. According to the California Department of Developmental Services, approximately 401 developmentally disabled residents live in the two San Luis Obispo zip codes of 93401 and 93405 in 2019. Table B-17 shows that 147 people, or 37 percent, of developmentally disabled residents are less than 17 years of age while 254, or 63 percent, of developmentally disabled residents are over the age of 18. Policy 8.9 and Program 8.20 in the Housing Element address the housing needs of persons with developmental disabilities. Table B - 18: Developmental Disabilities by Residence Type, 2019 Zip Code Home of Parent / Guardian Independent / Supported Living Community Care Facility Intermediate Care Facility Foster Home Other Total 93401 137 92 <11 <11 <11 <11 >229 93405 74 17 <11 61 <11 <11 >152 Source: California Department of Developmental Services, 2019 SLOCOG 6th Cycle Data Package 2019, Table 15; California Dept. of Housing & Community Development (HCD) Table B-18 highlights that of the approximately 381 developmentally disabled residents in San Luis Obispo, 55 percent reside in the home of parents or guardians, 29 percent reside in Independent/Supportive Living scenarios and 19 percent live in Intermediate Care Facilities. f) Homeless Persons and Transitional Housing Homeless Persons The City has been a long-standing supporter of service provision to those who are experiencing homelessness. Implementing strategies and programs that help transition people out of homelessness has been a regional effort. The City adopted a Housing Major City Goal which includes supporting the development of housing for unhoused (homeless) people as a top priority in the 2019-2021 Financial Plan. The City’s role in addressing homelessness includes the following: 1. Politically support and strategically supplement efforts lead by the County. 2. Financially support housing and service agencies whose mission it is to develop programs for the City’s homeless population. 3. Provide funding assistance from Community Development Block Grant (CDBG), Grants-In-Aid (GIA), and General Fund monies to social service programs, such as the 40 Prado Homeless Services Center. 4. Leverage grant and loan opportunities and allocate City Affordable Housing Fund awards to assist with the development and preservation of affordable housing. Homelessness is inherently difficult to quantify because it is often a transitional situation, dependent upon a household’s or individual’s changing economic condition or location. Lacking permanent housing, homeless persons are often missed in census surveys. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B16 Table B - 19: San Luis Obispo County Homeless Count by City, 2019 Region Number Percent of Total Homeless Counted Arroyo Grande 30 2% Atascadero 173 12% Grover Beach 67 5% Morro Bay 94 6% Paso Robles 239 16% Pismo Beach 5 0% City of San Luis Obispo 482 33% Sheltered 326 22%* Unsheltered 156 11%* Unincorporated County 393 27% Total Point in Time Homeless Count 1,483 100% Source: 2019 San Luis Obispo County Homeless Point-in-Time Census & Survey *Percent of City of San Luis Obispo Total Homeless counted on January 28, 2019. Table B-19 summarizes the 2019 San Luis Obispo County Homeless Point-in-Time Census and Survey Report, which includes a total count of homeless individuals and families on January 28, 2019. According to the report, 1,483 homeless persons were living in San Luis Obispo County in 2019, of which 482 persons, or 33 percent, were based in the City of San Luis Obispo. Approximately 174, or about 12 percent of the County’s total homeless persons counted, were under the age of 18. In the County, 32 percent of homeless persons are female. In terms of sleeping arrangements, of the County’s total number of homeless persons observed and interviewed, 29 percent regularly slept on the street, 26 percent slept in a car, van, RV, or other vehicle, and 22 percent in encampment areas. The largest facility providing homeless services in the County is located in San Luis Obispo: 40 Prado Homeless Services Center. In October 2018, Community Action Partnership of San Luis Obispo (CAPSLO) finished construction and opened the 40 Prado Homeless Services Center which provides all homeless services in one place. The Center is a 365 days per year facility that helps individuals and families improve their health and stability and move them towards self- sufficiency. Services available to all participants include: overnight shelter (up to 100 beds), meals, showers, laundry, mail/phone services, access to case management, primary medical care, animal kennels, secured bicycle parking, a safe parking program and a community garden. The Center also serves as the Warming Center location for the City of San Luis Obispo during times of inclement weather. In 2019, an average of about 200 individual homeless persons per month received one or more nights of emergency shelter in the City. In addition, Stand Strong, formerly the Women’s Shelter of San Luis Obispo County, is headquartered in the City, and provides services, programs, and facilities for homeless, displaced, and abused individuals. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B17 The 2019 homeless enumeration data also shows that significant numbers of homeless persons are living in cars, campers, city creeks and open space areas and do not avail themselves of the homeless shelters. Homeless service providers require that homeless persons not be under the influence of drugs or alcohol in order to receive services. For these reasons, many homeless people in San Luis Obispo remain invisible in terms of their numbers and the services provided to them. Transitional Housing and Supportive Services A primary goal is to help homeless individuals and families achieve a measure of stability and enable them to transition to safe, secure housing. Transitional housing gives homeless people a stable environment while they seek employment or learn life skills towards self-sufficiency. San Luis Obispo public and non-profit agencies, including CAPSLO, Transitions-Mental Health Association (TMHA), and San Luis Obispo County Social Services use a “continuum of care” approach” that places clients in supportive housing in San Luis Obispo City, serving a range of residents including homeless persons, disabled persons, and persons with substance abuse issues. To help homeless persons transition from emergency to permanent shelter, the City collaborates with local nonprofit housing providers to develop transitional housing in the City. Transitional Housing includes a broad range of housing types and typically includes a resident manager with visiting staff providing counseling, health care, education, and other services. Table B-20 lists homeless and transitional facilities in the City San Luis Obispo. The Consolidated Plan is a five-year strategic planning document for the Urban County of San Luis Obispo that establishes the goals for the Urban County’s community development and affordable housing activities. The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) requires that San Luis Obispo Urban County outline a vision for an effective and coordinated community development strategy. Eligible state and local governments receive annual block grants for affordable housing and community development from HUD. These grants include the Community Development Block Grant (CDBG), the Emergency Solutions Grant (ESG), and the HOME Investment Partnerships program (HOME). On May 5, 2020, the Board of Supervisors adopted a Consolidated Plan for the time period of July 1, 2020 through June 30, 2024, which identified five priority areas to consider future Federal funding, including increasing and maintenance of affordable housing, and decreasing homelessness. The Urban County utilizes a Continuum of Care (CoC) approach for addressing homelessness on a regional basis. Each participating jurisdiction, including the City of San Luis Obispo, is encouraged to collaborate with social service providers to provide a range of homeless services, including rapid rehousing, outreach and assessment, basic emergency shelter, emergency services, counseling and case management, and transitional and permanent housing. The San Luis Obispo County CoC received a total of $105,588 for the 2019 Fiscal Year, and is estimated to receive $119,621 for the 2020 Fiscal Year from HCD. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B18 Table B - 20: Emergency Shelters and Supportive Housing Facilities, 2019 Name /Agency Number of People Population Served 40 Prado Homeless Services Center (Community Action Partnership of SLO County) 100 Homeless adults, families & children Safe House – Stand Strong (formerly the Women’s Shelter of SLO County) 14 Abused adults as well as children who are either homeless or at risk of becoming homeless Marianne Court Transitional Housing (Stand Strong) 17 Abused, low income, single adults, and legally emancipated minors 70Now Supportive Permanent Housing - TMHA 17 Disabled persons and chronically homeless individuals and families HUD Permanent Supportive Housing - TMHA 20 Disabled persons and chronically homeless individuals Community Housing Program - TMHA 40 Adults with an open mental health case with the SLO County Behavioral Health Department Full Service partnership Housing - TMHA 15 Adults with an open mental health case with an intensive Full Service Partnership team Homeless Outreach Partnership Housing - TMHA 4 Adults with an open mental health case with a Full Service Partnership team, priority for Homeless Outreach Team clients Nipomo Street Studios - TMHA 8 Adults with an open mental health case with the SLO County Behavioral Health Department, priority goes to residents experiencing homelessness Broad Street Bungalows - TMHA 2 Adults with an open mental health case with the SLO County Behavioral Health Department Bishop Street Studios - TMHA 33 Adults with an open mental health case with the SLO County Behavioral Health Department Adult Transitional Program - TMHA 12 Intensive, 24-hour treatment for adults, aged 18-59, with an open mental health case with SLO County Behavioral Health Department Youth Treatment Program -TMHA 6 Intensive, 24-hour treatment program for youth, ages 12-17, with an open mental health case with SLO County Behavioral Health Department Total People Served 288 Source: Transitions-Mental Health Association, 2020; Community Development Dept. 2020 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B19 Homeless Shelters, Transitional Housing and Supportive Housing Allowed By Right Assembly Bill 101 outlines that Homeless Shelters, Transitional Housing and Supportive Housing developments (Low Barrier Navigation Centers) be a use by right within those zones that allow for mixed-use and residential uses. The law defines the term “use by right” in this context to mean that the local government’s review of the Low Barrier Navigation Center development may not impose certain requirements, such as a conditional use permit or other discretionary review or approval. The City allows, by right, the development of Homeless Shelters, Transitional Housing and Supportive Housing within specific zones, but not in all zones that allow mixed-use or residential development. As such, the Housing Element includes revised Program 8.18 that states, “Amend the Zoning Regulations to allow homeless shelters, transitional housing and supportive housing (low barrier navigation centers) in all residential zones, areas zoned for mixed-uses, and nonresidential zones permitting multifamily uses without a conditional use permit to be alignment with Government Code Section 65660 (AB 101).” This is identified as a high priority program to be implemented by July 2021 (see Appendix I). g) Farm Workers The City of San Luis Obispo is in the County's central coast agricultural region. The City is mostly urbanized with only a few small farms still engaged in agricultural production. According to the 2017 ACS, about 1.1 percent of the City’s labor force over 16 years of age work in the agriculture, forestry, fishing, hunting, and mining industries, or approximately 269 persons. Since less than two percent of the City’s labor force works in agriculture, it follows that few farm workers actually work or live in the City; thus not stimulating a critical housing need for the City. Table B - 21: San Luis Obispo County Farm Operations, 2017 Farmworkers Farms Farm operations with less than 10 employees Permanent (150 days or more) 1,049 465 Seasonal (less than 150 days) 1,260 485 Total 2,309 950 Farm operations with 10 or more employees Permanent (150 days or more) 3,686 85 Seasonal (less than 150 days) 5,421 103 Total 9,107 188 Source: USDA Agriculture Census, 2017 SLOCOG 6th Cycle Data Package 2019, Table 17; California Dept. of Housing & Community Development (HCD) Agriculture is one of San Luis Obispo County’s primary industries; however, it is difficult to determine how many farm workers live in the County or City. Some are permanent residents and others are seasonal migratory workers. The US Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Census compiles farm employment information. Table B-21 shows farmworkers and farms in San Luis Obispo County by size of farm operations. In 2018, the Board of Supervisors directed County Planning staff to create an ordinance to incentivize and remove barriers for the development of agricultural worker housing for these larger farms. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B20 h) Students It is estimated that Cal Poly State University and Cuesta College students comprise more than one third of the City's population. As a result, students strongly influence the City’s housing supply and demand. Although often grouped into low-income categories statistically, many students can spend more on housing than income data suggests because of parental support or larger household sizes. By pooling their housing funds, groups of students can often afford more expensive housing. This contributes to higher rents in San Luis Obispo compared to other parts of the County. Cal Poly’s total enrollment was 21,812 students in fall 2018. In fall 2018, Cal Poly had on-campus housing available for 7,758 students, with about one third of the Cal Poly student population housed on campus. In fall 2018, 14,050 Cal Poly students, or about two-thirds of the University’s total student body, lived off-campus within the City of San Luis Obispo or other nearby areas within the County. According to the 2018 Cal Poly Campus Transportation Survey, approximately 7 percent of students living off campus reside outside the City within the County, which is about 980 students. Subtracting out these students who live outside city limits, the remaining estimated number of Cal Poly students who live in city limits is about 13,070 students. According to Cuesta College, the enrollment of the Cuesta campus north of San Luis Obispo for the fall 2019 semester was 7,224 students. Historically, half of the student body of the main campus has lived within city limits, which would approximate to about 3,600 Cuesta students living in San Luis Obispo in 2019. Overall in 2019, about 16,670 college students were estimated to be living in San Luis Obispo, comprising about 36 percent of the City’s population. Cuesta College has no on-campus housing. Student housing preferences sometimes result in competition and conflicts with other segments of the City's population. Student housing complexes close to Cal Poly State University have, since the late 1990s, experienced high occupancy rates, prompting many students to seek alternative housing arrangements outside the immediate campus area. Many students choose to find apartments or condominiums elsewhere in the City, and increasingly, students choose to share houses in single-family neighborhoods. The presence of students renting houses in neighborhoods sometimes leads to complaints from surrounding property owners due to lifestyle conflicts, parking congestion, noise, and property maintenance concerns. A central theme of the Cal Poly 2035 Master Plan is to create several on-campus student residential communities and provide faculty and staff housing to accommodate 25,000 students and over 3,900 staff and faculty members on campus, a 20 percent increase for the planning period of 2015- 2035. As of 2018, Cal Poly had the largest on-campus housing program in the California State University system with over 7,700 students living on-campus. Recent student and faculty housing facilities built to help meet expanding enrollment are highlighted below: 1) Cal Poly Lofts – 32 student apartments for Cal Poly business students, located downtown above retail stores along Monterey Street and across the street from Mission Plaza, housing a total of 35 students. The Cal Poly Lofts opened in 2016. 2) Yakʔitʸutʸu - 696 freshmen student housing units on the Cal Poly campus, containing 3 to 4 beds in each unit and housing a total of 1,475 students. Yakʔitʸutʸu opened in 2018. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B21 The 728 recently built student housing units developed by Cal Poly will help reduce pressure on the City’s housing market and help moderate rental cost increases by providing additional housing options. In addition to Cal Poly affiliated development, there has been other private housing development that has helped house students in the City. One example is the high-density housing development “The Academy Chorro” located at 22 Chorro Street which opened in 2018 and has 27 housing units, including four very low-income units. Another recently completed student housing project is located at 71 Palomar Avenue and has 33 units, 4 of which are very low-income units. A mixed-use project at 790 Foothill Boulevard is anticipated to start construction in the fall and will have and 78 units, 12 of which will be very low-income units. Although these new housing units will help to address housing needs generated by Cal Poly enrollment growth during the planning period, they will not fully address the existing shortage of student housing. Student housing will continue to be a major housing need in the City. As of 2020, Cal Poly is in the process of finalizing their 2035 Master Plan, which guides future student enrollment and on campus student housing. According to the Master Plan, Cal Poly is planning for the development of 7,200 more beds by 2035 to accommodate for the future student population. i) Fraternities and Sororities Another important concern is meeting the housing needs of student fraternities and sororities. “Greek” houses are allowed in medium-high- and high-density residential zones, with a Planning Commission use permit. As of 2019, there are 10 sororities and 15 fraternities that hold fraternal events and maintain a presence in San Luis Obispo, most of which occupy fraternal “houses” owned or rented by the organizations. According to Cal Poly, in 2019, over 4,000 students or about 18 percent of Cal Poly students were members of a fraternity, sorority, or other Greek organization. As part of Greek activities, many Cal Poly fraternities and sororities actively participate in beneficial university and community programs and events. In addition, they often host meetings, recruitment activities and social events that can have a negative impact on their neighbors. For example, on-street parking is affected, and noise and traffic levels often increase due to frequent visits by students attending fraternal activities. When Greek housing is located close to non-student housing, compatibility conflicts sometimes arise. There are few large sites available that could accommodate a new fraternity or sorority house and still satisfy parking and group meeting needs without posing neighborhood conflicts. Conflicts between these sororities and fraternities and other citizens have occurred, in part, because there has never been a shared community consensus on a plan to guide the University, fraternities and sororities, neighbors and the City on how and where to meet the need for Greek housing. The solution may be, at least in part, to identify appropriate locations for additional Greek housing on or near the Cal Poly campus. The Cal Poly 2035 Master Plan briefly discusses this, but states that further analysis must be done regarding this option in the future before it becomes more realistic. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B22 j) “Shared” Households San Luis Obispo encourages a variety of housing types to meet varied lifestyles and needs. Many people are looking for alternative ways to limit the amount of income they spend on housing. Census figures for 2017 show that more unrelated adults are sharing houses than ever before. In the City, the percentage of non-family households (households with one or more non-relatives, and not including living alone) is 27 percent. In addition to saving money, sharing a house also provides the benefits of companionship and security. There appears to be substantial community interest in shared-housing opportunities such as cooperatives or co-housing. Co-housing allows residents to live in their own private spaces and share centralized dining and recreation facilities. One local shared housing service in the City of San Luis Obispo is the HomeShareSLO prog ram provided by SmartShare Housing Solutions. The HomeShareSLO program matches homeowners with empty rooms, with people seeking housing. Rooms are rented at affordable prices, and owners and tenants are “matched” based on their compatibility. SmartShare Housing Solutions has found that the majority of the matches have been lower-income seniors. Some of the obstacles to providing co-housing in the City are availability of sites, public acceptance, and the possible need for exceptions to current development standards. k) Single Room Occupancy (SRO) A single room occupancy dwelling (more commonly called an “SRO”) houses one or two people in an individual room (sometimes one room plus separate bathroom or half bathroom) in a multi- unit building – often a former hotel or boarding house. SRO tenants may share bathrooms and/or kitchens, while some SRO tenants have individual kitchenettes, bathrooms, or half-baths. SROs are typically rental dwellings with floor areas of 150 to 450 square feet. They provide a viable housing option for lower income persons, including extremely low income, very low and low income, and others who do not desire or require large dwellings or private domestic appliances. Their small size and limited amenities generally make SROs an affordable housing option, especially in downtown areas with high land values. They also can serve as transitional housing to provide an entry point into the housing market for formerly homeless people. San Luis Obispo allows single room occupancy dwellings in all zoning districts where residential uses are allowed. The City has two SRO buildings downtown: the historic Anderson Hotel (discussed in Chapter 5) and the Wineman Hotel. The Anderson Hotel is operated by the Housing Authority of the City of San Luis Obispo and has 68 units serving very-low and low income persons, many of whom are elderly or disabled. The Wineman Hotel is privately owned and managed, and has 48 units serving moderate, low- and very-low income persons under an affordability agreement with the City. The Housing Element includes a new program (2.15) to encourage the development of new SROs and small units: Evaluate a flexible density pilot program and initiate an update of the Zoning Regulations and Community Design Guidelines to incorporate flexible density development options in Downtown and portions of Upper Monterey and Mid- Higuera Special Focus Areas to support the production of smaller residential units (150 to 600 square feet). City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B23 3. Conclusions Appendix B describes various segments of the population that have varying housing needs and challenges they face due to those needs. Table B-22 summarizes the total number of individuals that require specific housing needs. Table B - 22: Summary of Housing Needs, 2020 2014-2019 Housing Needs (RHNA) Remaining and Total Units Special Needs Groups Extremely Low income 412 (412) Elderly households 5,790 (2017) Very Low income 413 (413) Disabled persons 4,210 (2017) Low income 514 (520) Large households 1,204 (2017) Moderate income 595 (603) Female-headed 1,237 (2017) Above Moderate 883 (1,406) Farmworker households 269 TOTAL 2,8171 (3,354) Homeless 482 TOTAL 13,192 Overpaying Households Overcrowding Renters 11,425 (2017) Renters 423 (2017) Owners 6,620 (2017) Owners 48 (2017) TOTAL 18,045 (2017) TOTAL 471 (2017) 1Remaining new housing construction need after credit for dwellings permitted between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Community Development Department, 2020 The main findings of the needs analysis are: • Overpayment. In 2017, 40 percent of all City households overpaid for housing. Among low, very low, and extremely low income households, 12 percent of owner households overpaid, and 56 percent of renters overpaid for housing. • Overcrowding. Overcrowding has continued to decline in San Luis Obispo since 2010. less than four percent of rental units and less than one percent of owner-occupied units were overcrowded in 2017. • Elderly Households. According to the 2017 U.S. Census, elderly individuals (age 65 and above) make up seven percent of the total population (5,790 persons) and 1,877 of those individuals have a disability. • Disabled Persons. 2,102 individuals within the City aged 18-64 have a disability. The Census does not record developmental disabilities, however according to the California Department of Developmental Services, approximately 401 developmentally disabled residents (all ages) live in the two San Luis Obispo zip codes of 93401 and 93405 in 2019. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 B24 • Large Families. In 2017, about six percent of City households, or 1,204 households, were “large families” with five or more members, at least two of which were related. Large dwellings with three or more bedrooms made up about 44 percent of the City’s housing stock, or 8,223 units. The majority of these units were owner-occupied. • Female-headed Households. Female-headed households comprised seven percent of the City’s 18,728 households, or about 1,237 households in 2017. Of these, about one-half include children less than 18 years of age. • Farmworkers. Less than two percent of the City’s labor force works in agriculture (269 persons) and very few farm workers work or live in the City. • Homeless. Homelessness is inherently difficult to quantify. The 2019 San Luis Obispo County Homeless Point-in-Time Census & Survey reported 482 individuals that were homeless within the City of San Luis Obispo. • Regional Housing Needs. San Luis Obispo’s assigned regional housing need for the 6th Cycle planning period is 3,354. 537 residential units have received building permits in 2019, leaving a remaining total of 2,817. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C1 Appendix C Housing Constraints & Resources ______________________________________________________________________________ 1. Governmental Constraints Governmental constraints are the policies, standards, requirements, actions, or fees imposed by local, State or Federal governments to guide land use and development. Their purpose is to ensure communities are well planned, and to protect the health, safety, and wellbeing of all residents. Within the City of San Luis Obispo, local building and zoning regulations are the primary regulatory tools guiding development. Some regulations, such as the Uniform Building Code and the California Environmental Quality Act, are State-mandated policies and standards implemented at the local level. Although State and Federal agencies do play a role in the imposition of government constraints, these agencies are generally beyond the influence of local government and are not analyzed in this document. As further described below, land use, development, economic stability, and construction standards can affect the type, location, number, and cost of new dwellings. In general, these standards are intended to protect public health, welfare and safety and are necessary to carry out state, federal or local law. In achieving these public purposes, government rules may serve to constrain the construction rate, amount, or design of new housing. State law requires that governmental constraints on housing be addressed in the Housing Element, with the goal of removing or modifying such constraints where possible to encourage suitable housing. Program 2.6 calls for the City to evaluate code requirements and development standards to remove unnecessary constraints to housing while still protecting public health, welfare, and safety. Such evaluation is on-going, as part of the preparation, review, or amendment of local development regulations, or as needed to address specific issues raised by decision makers or the public. a) Land Use Controls General Plan By State law, all California cities must have a general plan to guide land use, transportation, housing, and other important facets of the community. The general plan is the foundation of all local land use controls, and embodies the community’s vision for the future. Seven mandated elements, or chapters, make up the general plan, plus optional elements adopted by the jurisdiction to address special community concerns. Among these elements, the land use element identifies the location, nature, distribution, and character of land uses in the City. To implement the General Plan, the City uses a number of planning tools including Zoning Regulations, Specific Plans, Subdivision Regulations, Community Design Guidelines, Historic Preservation Guidelines, and Parking & Driveway Standards. Property owners, architects, and City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C2 developers use these standards in designing new housing developments. The standards help explain the City’s requirements and expectations and are used to review development proposals. Policies outlined in the Land Use Element stipulate the amount, type, and location of housing. They also help establish the prevailing housing patterns and population density. Four residential zones account for over 32 percent of total zoned land area within City limits. The City’s General Plan also includes nine other zones where housing is allowed as part of a mixed-use project or with special approval. Table C-1 shows the land use zones that allow housing, their existing acreage and the ranges of density allowed. Table C - 1: Land Use Categories Allowing Residential Uses, 2019 Zone Description Acres in 2019 Max. Allowed Density (Density Units/Net Acre)1 R-1 Low-density Residential 1,712 7 R-2 Medium-density Residential 631 12 R-3 Medium-high-density Residential 213 20 (18 for properties within the Airport Safety Zone) R-4 High-density Residential 220 24 C / OS Conservation / Open Space 2,501 One dwelling per 5 acres2 AG Agricultural 52 One dwelling per 5 acres3 C-C Community Commercial 94 36 C-D Downtown Commercial 49 36 C-R Retail Commercial 200 36 C-N Neighborhood Commercial 39 12 C-T Tourist Commercial 119 12 C-S Commercial Service4 451 24 M Manufacturing4 240 24 O Office 194 12 Source: City of San Luis Obispo, Community Development Department, 2019 1Density Unit is equivalent to a two-bedroom dwelling. Other sized dwellings: studio dwelling, 0.5 DU; one-bedroom dwelling, 0.66 DU; three-bedroom, 1.5 DU; four or more bedrooms, 2.0 DUs. Net acre refers to site area minus dedicated right-of-way. 2 The minimum parcel size may be required to be larger than 5 acres as designated by the zone suffix. For example, C/OS40 requires a minimum parcel size of 40 acres. 3Each legal lot of record may have one dwelling and the minimum parcel size may be required to be larger than 5 acres as designated by the zone suffix. For example, AG-20 requires a minimum parcel size of 20 acres. 4In combination with Mixed-Use (MU) overlay zone, up to 24 DU/acre allowed. 12 DU/acre considered average density. General Plan policies encourage infill development to avoid sprawl, and also designate major residential expansion areas outside city limits and within the Urban Reserve, the City’s anticipated urban limits at build out. The policies seek to balance residential development with open space preservation and availability of urban services. According to the Land Use Element, a total of 25,762 dwellings are anticipated within the City by the year 2035, accommodating approximately 56,686 persons. As of January 2019, the State Department of Finance reported 21,403 dwellings City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C3 in San Luis Obispo, housing a total of 46,802 persons. b) Zoning Regulations and Development Standards Zoning Regulations implement the City's General Plan land use policies. They establish specific development standards, allowable land uses, performance standards and the permit process necessary for the City’s orderly development. Zoning regulations control development by regulating allowed uses, and by development standards that set density, building setbacks, building height, lot area and parking requirements. The regulations apply equally to traditional housing, mobile homes, and manufactured housing. Tables C-2 and C-3 summarize residential zoning development standards for San Luis Obispo. The standards are comparable to other communities’ requirements and help ensure quality of life for all people in the City. Table C - 2: Development Standards in Nonresidential Zones, 2019 Zone Minimum Lot Area (sq. ft.) Max. Lot Coverage Max. Bldg. Height (ft) Min. Front Setback (ft) Min. Other Setback (ft) Car Parking Required (number of spaces) Use Permit Required? C/OS 5 acres 3 - 5% 35 20 20 Same as R-1 Yes AG 5 acres 3 - 5% 35 20 20 Same as R-1 No O 5,000 60% 35 15 5 – 10 Same as R-2 No C-N 6,000 75% 35 10 5 – 10 Same as R-2 No1 C-R 9,000 100% 45 As provided in zone of adjacent lot As provided in zone of adjacent lot Same as R-2 No1 C-C 6,000 75% 35 5 As provided in zone of adjacent lot Same as R-2 No1 C-D 3,000 100% 502 As provided in zone of adjacent lot As provided in zone of adjacent lot Half of R-2 requirement No1 C-T 9,000 75% 45 10 As provided in zone of adjacent lot Same as R-2 No1 C-S3 9,000 75% 35 10 – 15 As provided in zone of adjacent lot Same as R-2 Yes M3 9,000 75% 35 10 – 15 As provided in zone of adjacent lot Same as R-2 Yes BP 9,000 75% 45 10 - 15 As provided in zone of adjacent lot Same as R-2 No Source: City of San Luis Obispo, Community Development Department, 2019 1Housing allowed by right as part of mixed-use developments. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C4 2Additional building height up to 75 feet may be approved if specific standards are met (SLO Mun. Code Ch. 17.42) 3Mixed-use projects only. Table C - 3: Development Standards in Residential Zones, 2019 Zone Minimum Lot Area (sq. ft.) Max. Lot Coverage Max. Bldg. Height (ft) Min. Front Setback (ft) Min. Other Setback (ft) Car Parking Required (number of spaces) Use Permit Required? R-1 6,000 40% 251 20 5 – 15 2 parking spaces for the first 4 bedrooms, 0.75 spaces for each extra bedroom, plus 1 guest space per 5 units in a large residential development No R-2 5,000 50% 35 20 5 – 15 0.75 spaces per bedroom (no less than 1 space per dwelling unit), plus 1 guest space per 5 units or 2 spaces for the first 4 bedrooms, 0.75 spaces for each extra bedroom if single family dwelling No R-3 5,000 60% 35 10 5 – 10 Same as R-2 No R-4 5,000 60% 35 10 5 – 10 Same as R-2 No Source: City of San Luis Obispo, Community Development Department, 2019 1Up to 35 feet with Administrative Use Permit Exceptions to Development Standards Several exceptions or variance procedures are possible for Planned Developments and Specific Plans. They allow flexibility in site planning and building design to encourage the development of housing for special needs groups, and to provide density bonuses for projects which include affordable housing which meets or exceeds City standards. Table C-4 shows the City’s residential development standards and exceptions as of 2019. Additionally, the City has adopted a Reasonable Accommodation Ordinance (Ordinance 650 §3) to implement state law and Housing Element programs. The Ordinance provides a fair and reasonable procedure for disabled persons to request flexibility in the application of land use and zoning regulations to ensure equal access to housing. Examples of accommodations may include such things as yard area modifications for ramps, handrails or other such accessibility improvements; hardscape additions, such as widened driveways, parking areas or walkways; building additions for accessibility; or reduced off-street parking where the disability clearly limits the number of people operating vehicles. The Ordinance establishes a process where the Community Development Director (or other review authority if the request is submitted for concurrent review with another discretionary land use application) would determine that the individual making the request for accommodation has a disability as defined in the fair housing laws or is developing housing for individuals with such City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C5 disabilities. As part of the application requirements, the applicant would need to establish that, because of the disability, the requested accommodation is necessary to overcome a barrier to housing. If the individual has established the need for the accommodation based on the disability, the Director may grant the request, subject to findings and applicable conditions, unless granting the request would be an undue financial or administrative burden to the City or would result in a fundamental alteration in the City’s land use and zoning programs. Table C - 4: Residential Development Standards & Exceptions, 2019 Development Feature Flexible Standard Potential Uses Residential Density Bonuses 35% density bonus automatically allowed if 11% of project units affordable to very-low income. Other standards and negotiable density bonuses allowed Extremely low, very-low, low- and moderate-income housing, elderly housing. Non-Conforming Lots Lots that were legally created but do not meet current size or dimension standards may be individually developed Residential lots less than 5,000 square feet. Non-Conforming Structures Dwellings that are non-conforming in terms of density, yards, coverage or parking may be rebuilt as previously existing if involuntarily destroyed Legal, non-conforming single- and multi- family dwellings that are legal, non- conforming and are involuntarily damaged or destroyed Density Transfer Residential density may be transferred within areas covered by a planned development rezoning (PD) Hillside or creekside lots where development capacity transferred to cluster development Where a portion of a lot is within a zone or zones that allow residential use and the rest of the lot is in a C/OS zone, and the portion within the C/OS zone is not large enough to allow one dwelling. The fractional dwelling unit potential from the C/OS zone may be transferred to the other portion of the lot, without planned development rezoning Street or Other Yard Setbacks Street yards may be reduced to 10’ for buildings, and Other Yards reduced to 0’ with minor use permit (MUP) approval Additions/remodels of legal, non- conforming dwellings; zero-lot line developments Tandem Parking Required spaces may be arranged in tandem (that is, one space behind the other) subject to Director’s review and approval of Director’s Action. Dwellings with garage conversions and for additional parking for single dwellings Shared Parking Where a shared parking facility serving more than one use will be provided, the total number of required parking spaces may be reduced by up to 20 percent with Director approval via a Director’s Action Mixed-use developments where compatible residential and commercial uses share parking Parking for Elderly and Low-Income Housing ½ space/unit required for elderly housing; 1 car space plus 1 bicycle space/unit for very- low/low income In combination with density bonus, allows efficient utilization of site for special needs housing Parking and Driveway Requirements Parking and driveway standards (width, design, materials) variable with Director approval Allows more creative design of housing; especially useful on small sites or for older neighborhoods Building Height Components of solar energy systems, chimneys, mech. equipment, vents, steeples, and antenna may extend up to 10 ft. beyond allowed building height Housing with solar energy systems, roof- mounted mechanical equipment, or telecommunications facilities. Downtown Building Height Additional building height (to 75 ft.) where 50 ft. normally allowed if affordable housing is included SROs, extremely low, very low, low, and moderated income housing in denser, urban setting City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C6 Source: Community Development Department, 2019 Energy Conservation and Climate Action The City continues to seek ways to support energy conservation and climate action in a variety of ways. The California Building Code (CBC) contains standards that regulate the method of use, properties, performance, or types of materials used in the construction, alteration, improvement, repair, or rehabilitation of a building or other improvement to real property. The CBC includes mandatory green building standards (CALGreen) for residential and nonresidential structures, the most recent version includes the 2019 Building Energy Efficiency Standards. These standards focus on four key areas: smart residential photovoltaic systems, updated thermal envelope standards (preventing heat transfer from the interior to the exterior and vice versa), residential and nonresidential ventilation requirements, and non-residential lighting requirements. All new structures, including new residential units, are required to comply with the CBC resulting in reduced energy demands. The City’s Conservation and Open Space Element, Subdivision and Zoning Regulations promote energy-conserving design and placement of buildings. Additionally, in 2018, the City committed to developing a plan to achieve carbon neutrality by 2035. This effort is one of the most ambitious in the nation and will require collaboration throughout the community. Along with this effort, the City is anticipating the adoption of an updated Climate Action Plan (CAP) in 2020 and implementation of a REACH code. The REACH code would amend the Energy Section of the California Building Code and require new construction to be all electric or provide a carbon offset for new mixed-fuel buildings. In December of 2018, the City joined Monterey Bay Community Power (MBCP). MBCP is an existing community choice energy program that serves the counties of Santa Cruz, San Benito, and Monterey and provides 100 percent carbon free electricity with a rate savings relative to PG&E. Programs 9.10 and 9.11 will continue to support the creation and implementation of incentives to promote “green” housing construction and the reuse and recycling of materials through the architectural review process, implementation of the City’s updated CAP, and other Climate Action goals. Mixed Residential and Commercial Uses Mixing residential and commercial uses is encouraged to promote housing development close to jobs and employment centers, to exploit affordable infill housing opportunities and to promote a compact, pedestrian- and transit-friendly urban structure. Mixed-use projects are allowed by right in all commercial zones except for Service-Commercial and Manufacturing zones, which require Director approval and Planning Commission approval respectively. Program 5.7 has been added to the Housing Element to consider amending the Zoning Regulations to streamline the permitting process for mixed-used projects in commercial zones. Mixed-use development refers to the vertical or horizontal mixing of commercial and residential uses on the same parcel. There is no minimum commercial floor area or number of dwellings established. Typical mixed-use developments include one to two residential floors above commercial uses on the ground level, and mixed-use development is allowed on parcels as small as 3,000 square feet. The Downtown Commercial zone ideal for mixed-use development and the Zoning Regulations have been updated include a requirement that all new commercial developments in the C-D zone shall include housing (Section City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C7 17.32.030.C). Program 6.12 calls for additional incentives to encourage mixed-use developments in the Downtown, Upper Monterey, and Mid-Higuera Special Focus Areas including flexible density, use, height, or parking incentives. Parking Requirements San Luis Obispo’s residential vehicle parking requirements are shown in Tables C-2 and C-3. The type and number of parking spaces varies by zone. The City’s parking standards allow variety in parking locations, layouts, and design in order to promote more efficient and attractive use of residential sites. Bicycle, motorcycle, and electric vehicle charging spaces are also required for multi-family housing; the bicycle parking requirement is 2 spots per unit, plus 1 guest spot per every 5 units and the motorcycle parking requirement is 1 motorcycle space per 20 car spaces. Parking requirements indirectly constrain housing because the Zoning Regulations require that parking be provided on the same site as the use, this reduces the amount of land available for residential development. While excessive parking requirements can unduly constrain housing, insufficient parking can adversely affect residents’ safety, quality of life and neighborhood compatibility. The City’s standards seek to establish a balance by allowing flexible requirements that can be tailored to specific site conditions where necessary. Program 6.11 calls for continued flexibility in parking regulations for housing development, especially in the Downtown (C-D zone), which allows a base residential density of 36 density units per acre with reduced or no parking requirements in conjunction with payment of an in-lieu fee. Although the C-D zone allows the highest base residential density housing in the City, housing is difficult to build, in part, because of the difficulty in providing parking. The long-term strategy is to build public parking facilities on the edges of Downtown to encourage infill and intensification, increase public transit opportunities and design a more “pedestrian friendly” Downtown. ACS data shows that in 2017, 8.3% of the households in San Luis Obispo did not own a car. For those without cars, or those who use cars infrequently, Downtown provides an alternative housing choice near schools, shopping, nightlife, jobs, and services. For those who do need cars, the City offers the Downtown Residential Overnight Parking Program (DROP). The overnight parking option is available, for a fee, within two of the parking structures located downtown and is limited to downtown residents only. Additional flexibility to allow very low or no parking requirements for residents without cars and with adequate guarantees tied to occupancy, could help expand housing opportunities in this important and desirable location. Subdivision Regulations Subdivision regulations determine how land is subdivided and sets requirements for facilities such as public streets and utility lines that serve the new subdivisions. Special limits and requirements are often set by the City Council when approving individual subdivisions. The minimum lot size of most residential zones is 5,000 square feet, with minimum widths of 50 feet; however, exceptions to lot size and dimensions are possible with City Council approval. As a special type of attached, ownership housing, the Condominium Regulations set minimum standards for open- space recreation, laundry facilities, solar heating and storage that are higher than those applied to rental housing. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C8 Lot Sizes: Lot sizes and established neighborhood patterns influence the types of housing within a community. Historically, most residential lots in San Luis Obispo ranged in size from 5,000 to 7,500 square feet, with about 6,000 square feet being common in newer subdivisions. The subdivision of land into parcels of 6,000-10,000 square feet, regardless of allowed density, has encouraged the development of low-density, detached housing. Reducing the minimum lot size is often recommended as a means of increasing housing density and thereby reducing land cost per unit of housing. It does not necessarily follow, however, that small lots will result in more affordable housing. There are many coastal resort communities in California with high-priced cottages on small lots. In high-density residential areas, small lots may encourage the construction of detached, rather than multi-family housing. Large parcels in medium-high and high-density residential zones offer the best opportunities to encourage affordable housing. San Luis Obispo allows relatively small lots of 6,000 square feet in the R-1 zone, and 5,000 square feet in all other residential zones. San Luis Obispo has the second highest residential density of the County’s cities (after Grover Beach) with about 4,500 persons per square mile. It remains, however, one of the most expensive housing markets in the County. Clearly, market demand strongly influences housing costs. And while the City’s lot pattern has been established in most areas, lot patterns in new specific plan areas encourage a mix of residential densities and lot sizes. For example, the San Luis Ranch Specific Plan contains minimum lot size of 3,200 square feet compared to the typical low-density residential lot size of 6,000 square feet. Reducing lot areas with a resultant reduction in house size is one strategy to reduce housing costs for those desiring “starter housing,” such as working couples and small families just entering the housing market. Program 6.22 implements this strategy by encouraging new subdivision standards that promote small lot subdivisions, bungalow court developments and other innovative development concepts. c) Specific Plans and Area Plans As the name implies, specific plans guide the development of a defined area to implement the General Plan and guide development in expansion areas. Such plans can vary widely in terms of geographic area covered, degree of specificity, and land uses addressed. Table C - 5: Estimated Housing Capacity in Specific Plan Areas, 2019 Specific Plan Areas Dwelling Unit Capacity Orcutt Area 987 Margarita Area 868 Avila Ranch 720 San Luis Ranch 580 Froom Ranch 174 TOTAL 3,329 Source: Community Development Department, 2019 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C9 As shown in Table C-5, The City has five development areas that, when fully developed, could potentially add 3,329 dwellings. Each area’s phasing will be determined, in part, by the affordability of the dwellings, and by other public benefits such as open space. Each of the specific plan areas are committed to producing the largest number of dwellings affordable to very low-, low-, and moderate income residents. Descriptions of the land available and suitable for housing, including higher density, multi-family rental and ownership housing, are available in Appendix E Residential Capacity Inventory. d) Residential Growth Management Regulations The General Plan says that “the City’s housing supply shall grow no faster than one percent per year.” This policy was amended in 2020 to an average of one percent per year over the eight-year Housing Element planning period. The policy change responds to slow residential growth trends combined with the phasing and financing plans incorporated into recent development plans. The Residential Growth Management Regulations requires each specific plan area to adopt a phasing schedule for residential growth to ensure that established thresholds in the Land Use Element are not exceeded. As shown in Table A-22 in Appendix A, annual increases in the number of dwellings have averaged 0.56 percent over the past ten years. Units that are deed-restricted as affordable to extremely low, very low, low, and moderate income households are not factored into the Growth Management Schedule because they are exempt from the Growth Management Ordinance along with residential units built in Downtown and Accessory Dwelling Units. Quantified objectives anticipate the construction of 3,354 in-city dwellings during the planning period. Of these, 58 percent, or 1,948 dwellings, will be affordable to lower income households, consistent with the percentages of housing affordability in the City’s RHNA number. Source: City of San Luis Obispo General Plan Land Use Element, California Department of Finance, 2019 Figure C - 1: General Plan Anticipated Housing and Population Growth City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C10 Figure C-1 shows the housing and population growth anticipated in the Land Use Element. General Plan policies promote a balance of land uses to create a healthy, sustainable, and resilient economic basis, protect the natural environment, and promote housing that can accommodate all income groups. The Land Use Element states that population growth should not increase more than one percent per year, until it reaches a build out population of 56,707 persons in 2035. The Airport Land Use Plan and the Airport Overlay Zone The San Luis Obispo County Airport has a major influence on the community, particularly the southern part of San Luis Obispo’s urban area where most of the City’s residential growth is planned. Under State law, a countywide, independent Airport Land Use Commission (ALUC) adopts a plan identifying land uses that are compatible with present and future airport noise and safety conditions. The area subject to this Airport Land Use Plan (ALUP) includes land under City and County jurisdictions. Airport compatibility issues are of special concern because much of the City’s vacant residential land is located in the southern part of the City, near the San Luis Obispo County Airport. The Airport Land Use Commission adopted the San Luis Obispo County ALUP to guide where and what types of land uses are compatible with airport operations. Generally, residential development is not appropriate within flight approach and take-off areas, and where safety or noise considerations dictate greater spacing between housing and airport activities. The ALUP limits overall residential density per acre well below densities targeted by City plans. As a part of the 2014 Land Use Element, certain areas of the City became a part of an Airport Overlay Zone (AOZ) that allows for different residential densities than are outlined in the ALUP. Zoning Regulations Chapter 17.64 ensures that land uses and development within the airport overlay zone (AOZ) are compatible with existing and future airport operations, consistent with State Aeronautics Act, State law, Federal Aviation Administration Regulations, and guidance of the California Airport Land Use Planning Handbook. Residential projects are evaluated for their consistency with the ALUP or the AOZ depending on where the project is located and those that fall under the AOZ are have the ability to provide a higher number of dwellings than otherwise would have been allowed under the ALUP. Density Bonus The City continues to support and encourage the use of density bonuses as part of residential projects. Between 2018 to June 2020, the City has supported over 15 requests for density bonuses. The Affordable Housing Incentives allow a residential density bonus of at least 20 percent for developers who build five or more dwellings with at least 5 percent of those units sold or rented at prices affordable to very-low income households or 10 percent of those units sold or rented at prices affordable to low income households. Housing developments with at least 20 percent of the units targeted for persons 55 years or older also qualify for a 20 percent density bonus. Additional incentives and concessions, including density bonuses greater than 35 percent, reduction in site development standards and waiver of application and development review processing fees are available upon request by the developer. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C11 Accessory Dwelling Units Consistent with state legislation passed in 2016 and 2019 (Section 65852.2 of State Housing Element law), the City’s Zoning Regulations allow the creation of accessory dwelling units (ADUs) with ministerial approvals in all zones that allow residential structures or where a residential structure is existing or proposed. Under the law, cities may establish property development standards for ADUs, including, but not limited to height, setback, and architectural design. San Luis Obispo’s accessory dwelling units ordinance allows the approval of an ADU without discretionary review. ADUs must conform to applicable zoning regulations such as height, setback and are limited to a maximum floor area of 1,200 square feet. ADUs are treated as an additional unit but are not taken into consideration when calculating total allowed density on a site. Rental costs for ADUs are not typically listed separately in local classified ads and rental listings, however ADUs are likely to rent at prices similar to or slightly higher than apartments. ADU construction rates in San Luis Obispo have been increasing in recent years (averaging about 30 units per year from 2017 through 2019). The City recently updated its impact fee rate structure (July 2018) and eliminated impact fees for ADUSs. ADUs are also now an option for additional units on multifamily properties (starting in January of 2020). As a result, the City expects that ADU construction will continue to increase during the Housing Element Planning Period. Manufactured and Modular Housing, Mobile Homes and Mobile Home Parks Manufactured, modular and mobile homes offer economical alternatives to conventional, “stick- built” housing. Manufactured homes are those built entirely in a factory under Federal building codes administered by the U.S. Department Housing and Urban Development (HUD). Manufactured homes are then transported to the site as single- or multi-section homes and installed on site. On-site additions, such as garages, decks, and porches, add to the attractiveness of the homes and must be built to local building codes. Modular housing describes factory-built homes manufactured specifically to the State, local or region al construction code requirements wherever the home will be located. As with manufactured housing, the modular homes are transported to their sites and installed. Mobile home is the term used for factory-built housing produced before June 15, 1976, when the HUD construction codes took effect. Other types of manufactured housing include panelized and pre-cut homes, in which factory-built homes are shipped to the site in panels or as pre-cut “kits” for site assembly. Industry advances in quality and design, as well as affordability, dramatically increased the popularity of these housing types in the late 1990s. According to the Manufactured Housing Institute in 2018, 22 million Americans (almost seven percent of the U.S. population) lived fulltime in 8.5 million manufactured homes. Those who live in manufactured housing have a median household income of just under $30,000 per year. A manufactured home can cost anywhere from one-third to one-half the cost of a conventional house. Architecturally, manufactured homes include details and features that make the homes compatible with most residential neighborhoods. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C12 The City has enacted policies to promote mobile homes, such as Policy 8.2 focuses on preserving mobile home parks and support the development of creative housing solutions such as manufactured homes on individual lots. In 2019 California Department of Finance figures show that San Luis Obispo had 1,483 mobile homes, or about 6.9 percent of the City’s housing stock. This data shows that there is a continued demand for mobile home housing in the City. Mobile homes, placed on permanent foundations and located outside mobile home parks, and manufactured housing are treated the same as conventional site-built housing under the City's zoning, subdivision, and architectural review requirements. Therefore, all residentially zoned land is available for some type of manufactured housing. Mobile-home parks are also allowed in all residential zones. e) Architectural Review Architectural review is required for all residential developments, except individual built, single- family dwellings. Zoning Regulations Section 17.106.030 identifies cases in which the exception for single-family dwellings is does not apply. In 2018, the Zoning Regulations were updated and installed three tiers of architectural review: 1) minor, 2) moderate, and 3) major. The review process was revised to streamline the review process, especially for moderate level projects that include residential units. Tier 1 is a staff-level review process with no public hearing required and includes new single-unit residences and additions to an existing single-unit residence. Tier 2 is a discretionary Director-level review process with a public hearing conducted as required by the applicable advisory body or review authority and includes the review of multi-unit residential developments or new single-unit subdivisions up to 10 units. Tier 3 is a discretionary Planning Commission review process with a public hearing and includes the review of residential projects that are 11 units or more. Architectural review is based on the City’s Zoning Regulations and Community Design Guidelines. The Guidelines describe the community’s expectations and preferences for the quality and character of new developments and encourage design variety and innovation and are intended to preserve San Luis Obispo’s distinctive character and sense of history. Depending upon the type and scale of the project, architectural review can add, on the average, from two to four months of review time, including study, public hearings, and revisions. The additional holding time, from a development standpoint, adds to development costs (interest costs, design/architectural fees, construction delays) that are then passed through to housing buyers. For large residential projects, this cost impact on an individual dwelling is lessened; however, on small projects, the cost can be a significant factor in the overall purchase price of a home. Most of the City’s neighborhoods are an eclectic mix of architectural styles and character. In many cases, small residential infill projects of four units or less can be integrated into neighborhoods on lots already zoned for residential use, without posing significant architectural design or compatibility issues. The City exempts smaller residential projects and ADUs from architectural review, which improves the economic feasibility of constructing small detached or attached dwellings. On historic properties, or where site constraints such as creeks, steep hillsides or lot shape require special consideration, architectural review of the “sensitive site” may be appropriate. Most of these developments would be eligible for less costly and time-consuming staff level architectural review. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C13 f) Building, Zoning, and Municipal Code Enforcement Code enforcement focuses on addressing violations of zoning, building, housing, property maintenance and related municipal code provisions that adversely affect public health, safety, or aesthetics in order to promote the preservation of the City’s neighborhoods and business districts. In addition to ensuring that new development is designed and constructed in conformance with City standards for quality and safety, the Community Development Department also ensures that property and land uses conform to those standards over time. The Department enforces municipal and state codes through its Code Enforcement Program. This program includes education, mitigation, and prosecution aspects, and has two components: 1) reactive code enforcement, and 2) proactive code enforcement (neighborhood services). The reactive or complaint-based program primarily responds to complaints from citizens. Upon receipt of a complaint, a Code Enforcement Officer (CEO) makes a preliminary site visit to verify the existence of a violation. If a violation exists, a Notice of Violation (NOV) is issued to the property owner and the necessary steps are taken to resolve the problem. If compliance is not obtained as a result of the NOV, Administrative Citations and fines may be accessed. More complicated cases are set for abatement proceedings or, in some cases, criminal prosecution. The proactive code enforcement program is primarily focused on enforcement of the City’s property maintenance standards in residential areas of the City. Neighborhood Services Specialists patrol the City’s neighborhoods and address property maintenance violations in visible yard areas. Typical violations addressed by this program include debris or furniture in yards, overgrown weeds or unmaintained landscaping, inoperable vehicles, unscreened trash receptacles, peeling paint, and vehicle parking in front yards. Construction Codes San Luis Obispo’s construction codes are, with few exceptions, uniform codes enacted by the State legislature and used throughout the State. They set forth health and safety standards for structures, plumbing, electrical and fire prevention. The cost of meeting State construction codes, laws intended to make new housing safer, stronger, more energy efficient and resistant to fire and earthquake hazards, is ultimately passed on to housing consumers. In the long term, many building standards can reduce housing costs through lower utility bills and reduced insurance premiums. Site Improvement Requirements Depending on the location of the residential project, the City may require on- or off-site improvements such as streets, utilities, traffic signals and landscaping as a condition of use permit, variance, subdivision, or other land-use approval. Dedication of right-of-way, public transit facilities, easements or access rights also may be required. These improvements add costs that are usually passed on to the housing consumer. In 2018, the City adopted a fee schedule update based on an AB 1600 fee study that reduced fees and minimized the costs of imposing additional requirements on housing projects beyond those required by State law, or necessary for public health, safety or welfare. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C14 Americans with Disabilities Act and Housing for Disabled Persons The Fair Housing Act of 1998 and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) are Federal laws intended to help provide safe and accessible housing. The City is responsible for enforcing State accessibility regulations (California Building Standards Code, Part 2, Title 24) when evaluating new construction. Accessibility requirements of the California Building Code are similar to Federal regulations and mandate that new developments be designed to ensure full accessibility and use by the physically disabled. Single-family houses are exempt from these regulations. San Luis Obispo is committed to removing architectural barriers to persons with disabilities and implements these laws through its building and planning programs. The City actively enforces compliance with California Disabled Access Requirements which, in most respects, require a higher level of adaptable or accessible building design than federal standards. The City has used Community Development Block Grants to remove architectural barriers in City streets and facilities, and allocated additional CDBG funds to support the private, non-profit development of housing that is both accessible and affordable to very-low income elderly or disabled residents. Compliance with building code requirements may increase the cost of multi-family housing production and rehabilitation. However, these regulations set the minimum standards that the City and developers must comply with to ensure safety and the appropriate levels of accessibility in new developments. As previously discussed, the City’s Reasonable Accommodation Ordinance provides a fair and reasonable procedure for disabled persons to request flexibility in the application of land use and zoning regulations to ensure equal access to housing. Under State law, housing elements must analyze the potential and actual government constraints on the development of housing for persons with disabilities. They must also demonstrate efforts to remove governmental constraints on the development of housing for persons with disabilities, such as accommodating procedures for the approval of group homes. The City has analyzed its development standards and procedures to identify possible constraints, such as policies, local building, and planning requirements. The City’s General Plan policies and building and planning procedures strongly encourage accessibility in new and remodeled housing. In general, City permitting procedures do not differentiate between housing specially designed for disabled persons and other types of housing, and City procedures encourage retrofitting existing housing for accessibility. For example, retrofitting most single-family dwellings with basic accessibility improvements, such as access ramps, path-of-travel widening, kitchen, and bathroom modifications can be done with approval of an expedited “over the counter” building permit. This reduces the time and cost involved in retrofitting for accessibility, since plan check routing and fees are waived. No planning approvals are required. More extensive retrofits to bring multi-family dwellings into compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act typically would require only a building permit. Minor modifications may be approved “over the counter” by the City’s permit coordinator. Significant exterior changes to multi-family housing or to a historically designated property to provide accessibility, such as new exterior ramps or building façade changes, typically require architectural review and can add about four to six weeks to the approval process. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C15 City zoning and development standards include provisions that add flexibility and incentives for housing for persons with disabilities and seniors. For example, handicapped access ramps up to 30 inches in height may be located by right anywhere within required building setback areas, and housing occupied by persons aged 62 or older may provide one-half parking space per dwelling unit or one space per four occupants in group quarters. Both provisions can substantially reduce the cost and difficulty of providing housing for persons living with disabilities. Several group housing developments in San Luis Obispo provide accessible housing for very-low and low-income persons with disabilities. City zoning regulations allow residential care facilities of six or fewer residents by right in all residential zones, on upper floors within three commercial zones, and on the ground floor in four commercial zones with a minor use permit. Additionally, the zoning regulations allow large care facilities of seven or more individuals with a minor use permit in all residential zones and within three commercial zones. Residential care facilities in the City are not subject to residential density limits, and are treated like single-family homes in setting their parking requirements. Initial construction requires a building permit and must comply with the usual development standards, such as building setbacks, height, lot coverage, and may require architectural review. Housing Element Policy 8.1 encourages housing developments which meet special needs, including disabled and elderly persons. Policy 8.10 encourages a variety of housing types that accommodate persons with disabilities. Program 8.23 continues the City’s efforts of seeking grant opportunities for housing construction and rehabilitation specifically targeted for persons with developmental disabilities. Non-conforming Uses and Structures Some dwellings are subject to premature deterioration and demolition because of their legal, non- conforming status. A legal, non-conforming use or structure is one that was established with permits but is no longer allowed and could not be replaced under the current zoning regulations. Examples include housing as a principal or primary use in the Manufacturing and Service- Commercial zones. Traditionally, lenders and insurance carriers avoid lending or insuring project improvements for such non-conforming dwellings. g) Processing and Permit Procedures The development review process adds time and costs to a building project. The City's development review procedures are designed to protect public health and safety, to simplify and expedite the review process whenever possible, and to ensure that new development meets State and local development standards within time limits set by State law. The Permit Streamlining Act requires final City action within 60 days of the date of adopting a negative declaration or categorical exemption for a project, and within 180 days of the date that a final Environmental Impact Report (EIR) is certified for a project. For most minor or relatively simple items which are exempt from environmental review, such as minor use permits, minor or incidental architectural review, minor subdivisions, and lot line adjustments, the processing time from submittal to final action lasts approximately four to six City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C16 weeks. More complex planning items requiring initial environmental studies such as architectural review of new commercial, industrial, and residential projects, conditional use permits and variances (Planning Commission), planned development/rezoning or standard subdivisions typically require eight to 12 weeks. The City’s most complex planning items include general plan amendments, rezoning, annexations, and zoning regulations text amendments. Any development project that requires an EIR can take six months or longer from the date an application is filed to final City action. Development review procedures, such as public notices, hearings, and environmental reviews, are mandated by State law and also add to the time needed for the approval of new housing projects. The City continually evaluates its zoning and subdivision requirements to simplify and speed up development approvals. For housing developers, time is money. Efforts to reduce the time required to process development applications can result in lower costs to the housing consumer. Examples of permit streamlining actions the City has taken include: • Clear development standards, guidelines, and checklists available conveniently on-line. • Applicants can apply for minor projects online. • Minor housing additions and remodels may be approved by City staff as “minor or incidental” architectural review or through the building permit process. • When architectural review is required for a project with 10 units or less, the Community Development Director may grant exceptions to development standards along with architectural approvals. • The City’s Housing Programs Coordinator assists housing developers with processing inclusionary housing requirements and where possible, project funding. Individually built single family dwellings are allowed by right in all residential zones and in Agriculture and Conservation/Open Space zones. These need only building permit approval prior to construction – typically an eight to twelve-week approval process for such projects. To encourage small residential projects and infill development, the City's zoning regulations exempt the construction, relocation, rehabilitation, or remodeling of up to four dwellings of 1,200 square feet floor area from Architectural Review Commission review. Such housing may be allowed with “minor or incidental” architectural review, a less costly and expedited review process taking about four to six weeks for approval. Residential developments of five or more units typically require more extensive planning review, including environmental review, architectural review, and subdivision or land use review. Other residential development, whether single-family subdivisions, townhomes, duplexes or other larger multi-family projects are allowed in specific residential zones and require various levels of review. Single-family residential developments of more than four units are allowed by right in all residential zones, subject to City development standards, state and local subdivision standards and compliance with the California Environmental Quality Act. R-1 zones are typically developed with market rate housing affordable to moderate- and above-moderate income households. Residential developments such as duplexes, triplexes, fourplexes or other multifamily projects are allowed by right in the R-2, R-3, R-4, and Office (O) zones. A majority of the extremely low, very low, and low-income units are constructed as a part of a multi-family development. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C17 The number of units within a project and the project location dictate the level of review and time necessary for project approval. Larger residential development projects, such as standard residential subdivisions and condominium developments typically require three levels of review: design review and recommendation by the Architectural Review Commission, tentative tract (or parcel) map and environmental review and recommendation by the Planning Commission and final project approval by the City Council. In historic districts or on historically designated properties, Cultural Heritage Committee review may be required for a new residential development. Average permit processing time for a 100-lot residential subdivision is about six months to one year for planning approvals, plus an additional six months for building plan check and permit issuance. Smaller residential developments can complete planning review and permit processing in one year or less if an environmental impact study is not required. Processing and permit procedures for multi-family residential projects are similar to those for single-family developments of more than four units (such as standard residential subdivisions and planned developments with detached, single-family houses or condominiums). Multi-family residential developments are allowed by right in the R-2, R-3, R-4, and office zones or as part of a mixed-use development in the commercial retail, community commercial, neighborhood commercial, tourist commercial, and downtown commercial zones and are conditionally allowed in manufacturing and service commercial zones. Depending on the specific zone, residential density ranges between 12 to 36 density units per acre. Density is based on the total site area and not just on the vacant portion of the site utilized by commercial or industrial uses. The processing and permit procedures are similar to multi-family housing developments. Average permit processing time for a multi-family or mixed-use residential development project is about six to eight months for planning approvals, plus six months for building plan check and permit issuance. As with single-family residential development, development review typically involves a single application combining all approval requests, such as environmental review, architectural approval and (if required) subdivision and use permit approvals. Time Extensions Securing planning approvals and construction permits involves significant time and expense by a developer as well as the permitting agency. Expiration of approvals or permits can substantially increase project costs by requiring repayment of fees, additional review time and uncertainty, and in some cases, project redesign. Normally, planning approvals expire in one year after the date of approval. Construction permit applications and permits also expire in one year after submittal or approval, respectively. The City allows multiple time extensions for projects that request an extension. Such extensions are handled administratively, with a three year limit on entitlement approvals and no limit on the number of building permit extensions provided that project site conditions have not changed, the building code has not changed, and there are no public health or safety concerns posed by a time extension. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C18 h) Development Fees Application and permit fees Local governments levy fees and assessments to cover the cost of processing development applications and permits, and to cover the cost of services. These fees help ensure high-quality housing development and the provision of adequate public facilities and services. Development costs, including application and permit fees, are typically passed through to the consumer in the form of higher rents or sales prices for new housing where possible within prevailing rent and sales prices. Consequently, City fees can increase development costs and affect housing affordability. In most cases, City development fees assume full cost recovery for actual costs to deliver the planning, building, and engineering services. The City reviews and updates service charges on an ongoing basis to ensure that they keep pace with changes in the cost-of-living and changes in methods or levels of service delivery. State law generally provides that fees for services cannot exceed the reasonable actual costs for providing services. In implementing this provision, the City adopted the goal of comprehensively analyzing service costs at least every five years, with interim adjustments annually based on changes in the consumer price index. In 2016, the City contracted with NBS Government Finance Group (NBS) and initiated the process to review and update the City’s user and regulatory fees. In 2017, the City Council adopted a resolution amending the City’s Master Fee Schedule based on the fee study prepared by NBS. City policies exempt extremely low, very low- and low-income housing from most development review fees. One method of evaluating whether San Luis Obispo’s fees are excessive or pose barriers to housing development is to compare its fees to those in other nearby jurisdictions. The City surveyed development fees for the County’s seven cities, and for San Luis Obispo County. The City also compared fees that the various jurisdictions would charge for a new 2,000-square-foot house with a 500- square-foot garage. The survey showed that for some development fees, San Luis Obispo is generally higher than the other county jurisdictions. A comparison of the 2019 development fees are summarized in Table C-6. The City also evaluated development fee costs for typical, multi- family housing development in San Luis Obispo and compared those costs to total development costs. Development fees include planning application fees, building plan check and permit fees, and Fire and Public Works Departments’ plan check and inspection fees and impact fees. Development Impact Fees Like many California cities, San Luis Obispo charges impact fees to recover the cost of services and facilities serving new development. San Luis Obispo policies state that existing residents should not bear the costs of new development. Impact fees ensure that development projects pay their fair share of the cost of constructing the water and sewer facilities, streets and other improvements necessary to serve new residents. Impact fees are based solely on the capital costs attributable to new development. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C19 Table C - 6: Development Fee Comparison in San Luis Obispo County, 2019 Fees Charged ($) Arroyo Grande Atascadero Grover Beach Morro Bay Paso Robles Pismo Beach San Luis Obispo SLO County Annexation / Prezoning $20,000 $16,971 + hrly chg +legal fees n/a $5,355 + cost $5,500 + cost Cost: hrly. chg $23,467 2 n/a Appeals to Council / Board $1,163 $1,058 $300 $250 $208 $881 $1,660 $850 Architectural Review, Full $5,145 n/a $1,565 n/a n/a n/a $2,839 n/a Architectural Review, Minor or Incidental $923 n/a $1,460 n/a n/a $460 $4,488 n/a Unconditional Certificate of Compliance $2,159 $1,160 $1,000 $525 $1,200 $2,483 $2,466 $851 + cost to record Condominium Conversion $2,305 $5,566 n/a n/a n/a $10,053 + hrly fee + outside cost $15,868 $9,884 -$11,740 EIR $2,839 15% of EIR + hrly fee $5,731 $4,556 + Cost + 25% Cost Cost + hrly fee $2,556 + Cost + 30% $3,702 + Cost + 30% Environmental Review / Initial Study $3,412 10% of EIR $1150 $ 5,000 deposit $1,500 $1,477 + Cost $2,556 $3,702 General Plan Amendment with IS $16,187 $7,801 $4,000 $10,871 $ 5,500 + cost $11,171 + hrly fee + outside cost $17,808 2 $7,500 + cost Historic Preservation Review (CHC) $1,472 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 0 n/a Lot Line Adjustment $3,326 $2,455 $1,000 $1,088 $1,248 $1,272 $3,221 $ 4,122 Lot Merger $3,273 $1,488 $1,000 $1,088 n/a $1,177 n/a $88 Planned Development Permit / Rezoning $15,261 $7,705 $ 2,000 $3,620 $5,500 + cost $7,652 $16,813 $17,292 PD Amendment $1,800 n/a $482 n/a $5,500 n/a $4,668 n/a Specific Plan – Residential with IS $23,978 $10,183+ $3,650 + Cost $4,683 $5,500 + cost Cost + hrly fee $17,073 2 $ 16,500 + processing cost3 Specific Plan Amendment with IS $7,273 Cost +24% $1,880 + Cost $4,683 + cost $5,500 + cost Cost + hrly fee $17,073 2 $16,500 + processing cost 3 Street Abandonment n/a $3,525 n/a $898 $600 n/a $14,134 2 $2,381 – 2,991 Tentative Parcel Map – 4 lots with an Initial Study $ 9,537 $4,808 $1,500 + Cost $ 3,245 $1,200 + cost $7,702 $6,869 + 163 per lot $15,3124 Tent. Parcel Map Amendment $4,620 $4,616 n/a $2,323 n/a $6,791 n/a n/a Tentative Tract Map – 5 lots with an Initial Study $15,670t $6,353 $2,500 $7,066 $5,500 + cost $7,702 + 445 per lot $15,191 + 163 per lot $19,9754 Use Permit, Administrative $3,584 $752 $ 750 $541 $1,200 $332 $3,321 $1,936 - 10,773 Use Permit, Major (PC) $ 14,347 $4,424 $1,355 + Cost $5,653 $5,500 + cost $2,964 $6,905 $ 8,838 – 17,292 Source: County of San Luis Obispo, 2019 Notes: Table does not list all planning fees. Only those fees applicable to residential development are included. Fees rounded. 245% of full cost of time and materials 3With Initial Study 4When served by public water and sewer. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C20 In 2018 the City Council adopted Ordinance 1646 to establish and implement the Capital Facilities Fee Program (CFFP) consistent with AB 1600. The CFFP established development impact fees which are imposed as a condition of approval upon all development projects for which a building permit is issued on or after the effective date of the ordinance. The City does not charge the maximum fees to ensure that development remains feasible, and to incentivize the construction of smaller, more affordable housing units. Figure C-2 provides the Citywide CFFP. It should also be noted that the San Luis Ranch and the Los Osos Valley Road Subareas have separate fee schedules and are covered in Ordinance 1646. Source: City of San Luis Obispo, 2019 Figure C - 2: Citywide Capital Facilities Fee Schedule, 2018 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C21 i) Infrastructure The City is committed to living within its resources, while planning to meet the resource needs of its citizens. Residential development requires that adequate roads, drainage, water, sewer, fire protection and other public services are available. Generally, the developer provides facilities within or next to the development site, while the City is responsible for the facilities that serve a larger area. For example, the City provides arterial streets, a wastewater reclamation facility and sewer lift stations, water supplies, a water treatment plant, and major water distribution facilities. When an area is subdivided, the subdivider installs local roads and utility lines. Historically, the costs of extending municipal services to support new development were offset by utility customers and taxpayers. Like many cities, San Luis Obispo requires developers to pay for the increased capacity of citywide facilities needed to serve development. Most sites within the City have streets and utility lines nearby, so they can be developed without significant extensions. However, areas at the edge of the City will need service extensions. A specific plan is required for each major development area, and a development plan for each minor area. These plans will address phasing of development and services. Water Available for Development Per Water and Wastewater Element (WWE) Policy A 2.2.1, the City utilizes multiple water resources to meet its water supply needs. Having several sources of water avoids dependence on any one source that may not be available during a drought or other water supply reduction or emergency. The City has five water sources, achieving the goal of diversifying its water supply portfolio to meet current and future community needs. Water Supply Sources Salinas & Whale Rock Reservoirs Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs have served as the City’s primary water supplies for over 50 years. The County of San Luis Obispo Flood Control and Water Conservation District provides the oversight, operations, and maintenance of the Salinas Dam and water delivery facilities for the benefit of the City. The City pays the County for the associated costs for these services. The City provides the oversight, operations, and maintenance of the Whale Rock Reservoir for the benefit of the Whale Rock Commission. The Whale Rock Commission is a joint powers agency made up of Cal Poly State University, California Men’s Colony, and the City. The City draws water from these two reservoirs in a coordinated manner to maximize the long-term water supply available from these two sources. As of 2019, the safe annual yield of the two reservoirs is 4,910 acre-feet. In addition, the City has adopted policies in the WWE to account for reductions in storage capacity at each lake resulting from siltation. Nacimiento Reservoir Water deliveries from the Nacimiento Reservoir began on January 5, 2011. As of 2019, the City has a contractual right to 5,482 acre-feet per year. The County operates and maintains the project that delivers water from Nacimiento Reservoir to participating agencies. The Nacimiento Project City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C22 Commission, which is made up of representatives from each of the four agencies’ governing boards and County Representative (i.e. County Board of Supervisors), provides oversight to project operations, maintenance, and the project budget. Recycled Water Recycled water use for calendar year 2019 totaled approximately 244 acre-feet, a 44 percent increase from 165 acre-feet in 2012. Groundwater Per WWE Policy A 3.2.3, the City will use groundwater for domestic purposes when available, but will not consider this source of supply as a part of its water resources availability due to limitations for the use of groundwater resources. The City has one domestic well located on Los Osos Valley Road near Pacific Beach school. The City also maintains a non-potable well at the City’s Corporation Yard for construction activity use and two non-potable wells at the City’s Laguna Lake Golf Course for a portion of the golf course irrigation (additional golf course irrigation demand is met with recycled water). Water Resource Availability Table C-7 summarizes the Water Resource Availability, to serve community water demand. Calendar Year 2019 water availability totaled 10,136 Acre-Feet. Table C - 7: Water Resource Availability in San Luis Obispo, 2019 Water Resource Acre Feet Description Salinas & Whale Rock Reservoirs 4,910 Safe Annual Yield1 Nacimiento Reservoir 5,482 Dependable Yield2 Recycled Water 244 2017 Annual Usage3 Siltation from 2010 to 2060 (500) WWE Policy A 4.2.2 4 Total 2019 Availability 10,136 Source: WWE, 2019 1. Quantity of water which can be withdrawn every year while operating both reservoirs in coordinated operations under critical drought conditions. Safe Annual Yield determined from computer model, which accounts for siltation loss through 2010 (per WWE Policy A 4.2.2) 2. Dependable Yield is the contractual amount of water the City has rights to from Nacimiento Reservoir. 3. The quantity of recycled water included is the actual prior year’s recycled water usage per WWE Policy A 7.2.2 4. Reservoir siltation is a natural occurrence that reduces storage capacity over long periods, resulting in the reduction of safe annual yield. Table C-8 shows the City’s water supply from 2000 to 2019. As the table shows, is evident that water usage by City residents has slowly decreased over the past 17 years, even with an increase in population. Per capita water use in 2019 was at an all-time low of 91 gallons per capita per day. As of 2019, City residents are using less than half of the City’s water availability. The City’s 2019 Water Resources Status Report states that the City has a robust water supply with over five years of water availability. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C23 Table C - 8: Water Usage in San Luis Obispo, 2000-2019 Year Population Total Water Use (acre feet) Per Capita Water Use (gallons / capita / day) 2000 44,179 6,121 124 2001 44,347 5,886 118 2002 44,482 6,032 121 2003 44,357 5,968 120 2004 44,298 6,239 126 2005 44,687 6,098 122 2006 44,559 5,999 120 2007 44,433 6,493 130 2008 44,579 6,359 127 2009 44,829 6,134 122 2010 45,119 5,489 109 2011 45,269 5,285 104 2012 45,312 5,541 109 2013 45,541 5,338 105 2015 45,802 4,990 97 2016 46,117 4,731 92 2017 46,424 4,975 95 2018 46,548 5,225 100 2019 46,802 4,762 91 Average Per Capita 2000-2019 113.4 Sources: City of San Luis Obispo WWE, 2019 Wastewater Treatment (Sewer) The City's current wastewater treatment facility has a design capacity of 5.1 million gallons per day (mgd). According to the City’s Utility Department, this is adequate capacity to meet current needs, plus residential growth anticipated during the 6th Cycle planning period. A comprehensive upgrade to the City’s Water Resource Recovery Facility is now underway as part of a project called SLO Water Plus and will support improved water resource recovery, flood protection for critical infrastructure, increased treatment capacity to accommodate population growth and process redundancy for increased resilience. Planning for SLO Water Plus began in 2015 and started construction in 2019. The project will increase the design capacity of the wastewater treatment facility from 5.1 mgd to 5.4 mgd. The project is planned to be completed by 2023. j) Public Services – Police and Fire Police and Fire The police department has assigned personnel in innovative ways to enhance connectivity with the community. The department has a Neighborhood Officer Program where officers proactively work within their assigned neighborhood as community liaisons to address concerns and mutually share in the problem-solving process. The Community Action Team (CAT) is a partnership between a City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C24 police officer and a social worker whose specific function is to address adverse behaviors through law enforcement and cooperative outreach with mental health, social services, and other involved stakeholders. Many of their cases involve the unsheltered individuals within the community and help them connect to local resources. The City of San Luis Obispo has a full-service fire department that protects the lives and property of its residents and visitors from the adverse effects of fires, medical emergencies and other dangers caused by man or nature. The fire department offers fire suppression, specialty rescue, hazardous materials mitigation, and paramedic advanced life support. Approximately 60% of all SLO City Fire emergency responders are cross trained as Paramedics. Operating from four fire stations and with a response time goal of 4 minutes or less travel time to 95% of all emergencies, the San Luis Obispo fire crews are focused on serving the community, which includes the Cal Poly San Luis Obispo campus. The San Luis Obispo City Fire Department has an Insurance Services Office (ISO) Public Protection Class 2 rating. This rare rating is only achieved by about 2% of the fire departments evaluated in America. The rating is considered by many insurance companies when deciding the rates on insurance premiums for homeowners and businesses. k) Schools Grade school enrollment in San Luis Obispo has declined in recent years. According to the California Department of Education, San Luis Coastal Unified School District’s enrollment in San Luis Obispo schools in 2018-2019 was 7,813 students. Due to district budget constraints, new dwellings will have serious adverse consequences for school staffing, facilities, and programs unless new development adequately mitigates the adverse impact on school facilities. Mitigation is generally in the form of school fees associated with issuance of construction permits. School district fees are collected by the City and used by the District to fund school infrastructure needs. l) Inclusionary Housing Program Adopted in 1999 and amended in 2004, the Inclusionary Housing Program implements two core housing programs of the General Plan – that of providing affordable housing for extremely-low, very- low, low, and moderate income households, and establishing a housing trust fund. The program requires that most new development projects help meet affordable housing needs by: 1) building affordable dwellings as part of a development project, 2) dedicating real property for development of affordable housing by the City’s Housing Authority or by a non-profit housing provider, 3) paying an in-lieu fee which is used to fund affordable housing throughout the City, or 4) Use a combination of the above methods, to the approval of the Community Development Director. To date, more than 850 deed-restricted or otherwise secured affordable dwellings have been planned for, entitled, or built since the adoption of the Inclusionary Housing Ordinance in 1999. Additionally, the City has granted, loaned, or committed $10,450,954 of affordable housing in-lieu funds to assist with the development of 464 new deed-restricted affordable housing units. To qualify as affordable, dwellings must have guarantees that they remain affordable for at least 45 years for ownership units, and 55 years for rental units. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C25 The Inclusionary Housing Program is one of several tools, including incentives (e.g. parking reductions, density bonuses, flexible development standards and affordable housing fund) that the City uses to achieve its affordable housing objectives. The program applies to most new development, including residential and commercial development. Some types of development are exempt from the requirement: 1) residential developments of four dwelling units or less; 2) new commercial developments of less than 2,500 square feet gross floor area; 3) residential and commercial additions, repairs or remodels, so long as such work does not increase the number of dwellings by more than four units or increase gross floor area by 2,500 or more; 4) the conversion of less than five dwelling units to condominiums within a five-year period; 5) commercial condominium conversions which do not result in the creation of new dwellings; 6) affordable housing projects; 7) emergency projects; or projects which the City Council determines are necessary to protect public health and safety 8) projects which provide educational, social or related community services and proposed by public or non-profit agencies, foundations or similar organizations; 9) projects which replace or restore a structure damaged or destroyed by fire, flood, earthquake or natural disaster; and 10) projects for which an approved, unexpired tentative map or vesting tentative map exists. There are two different approaches to maintaining affordability over time: 1) the property owner agrees to maintain the designated dwelling unit(s) as affordable for at least 45/55 years depending on the tenure of the unit(s); 2) the property participates in the “shared equity purchase program.” Under the equity sharing program, the buyer of an affordable unit enters into an agreement with the City which upon resale of the property, eventually returns a share of the property’s accrued equity to the City for use in other citywide affordable housing developments. The affordability of the ownership units is maintained by a promissory note valued at the below market benefit of the particular unit, which is evidenced by a second trust deed recorded on the property at time of sale. To assist housing development and partially offset the effects of the inclusionary housing requirements and other development exactions, the City has used flexible development standards, streamlined review and permit processing, and affordable housing funds to reduce development costs and improve economic feasibility. For example, the City assisted with the development of Bishop Street Studios (featured on the cover of the Housing Element), a 34-unit affordable housing project, consisting of the rehabilitation of the historic Sunny Acres Orphanage building and three newly constructed buildings. The City made a substantial financial contribution to the project in the amount of $1,595,500, including an Affordable Housing Fund Loan, development impact free deferral loan, and CDBG loan. Additionally, the City provided streamlined review and permit processing, and completed over 153 building inspections during construction. This development now contains 33 single room occupancy rental units (plus one manager’s unit), of which are permanently affordable to extremely low, very low, and low-income adults with a diagnosed mental illness. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C26 2. Non-Governmental Constraints a) Land Costs Land is the largest component in the cost of new housing, accounting for over 60 percent of development costs. Because land costs are so high, it is difficult to build affordable housing if the project involves purchasing land at today's prices. Land costs directly affect the cost of housing. In turn, land values are determined by a number of factors. In terms of residential constraints, the most important of these is land availability and permitted residential density. As land becomes scarcer, prices increase. The more residential units allowed, the higher the land value. In 2019, the cost of an average-sized single-family residential lot in San Luis Obispo (based on closed sales) was estimated by members of the Board of Realtors’ multiple listing service to be between $306,000 and $607,000, depending on its size and location. In contrast, in 2014 the cost of a typical single-family residential lot in San Luis Obispo ranged from $200,000 to $450,000. The demand for residential real estate continues to be very high. Land suitable for residential development within City limits and in expansion areas adjacent to the City is typically priced to reflect its “highest and best use.” b) Construction Costs Technological advances in home building have increased efficiency and reduced the proportional costs of labor and materials. Nationally, labor and materials accounted for 69 percent of the cost of a new home in 1949. By 1989, that percentage had dropped to 53 percent (National Association of Home Builders (NAHB)). The NAHB conducted a construction cost survey in September 2017 to collect information from builders on the various components that go into the sales price of a typical single-family home. The 2017 survey showed that, on average, 55.6 percent of the final sales price goes to construction costs, 21.5 percent to finished lot costs, and 10.7 percent to builder profit. Construction cost includes all the costs paid by a builder, including costs of materials, labor, and subcontractors. According to the 2020 Nexus Study completed by David Paul Rosen and Associates (DRA), the construction value of an average wood frame single-family residential construction in 2019 is $150 per square foot for living space and parking construction. For a typical, 2,000 square foot detached house with a garage on a standard-sized lot in San Luis Obispo, total development cost in 2019 would be approximately $300,000 for construction only. When incorporating the average price of land at $425,200 and construction costs – the approximate cost for a new single-family home is $725,200 plus City fees. Land cost accounts for approximately 58.6 percent of the total cost of a single-family residence. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C27 c) Availability and Cost of Financing Mortgage interest rates significantly affect housing affordability. As interest rates increase, fewer buyers can afford to purchase a home. As rates decrease, the number of potential homebuyers increases. As seen in Table C-9, interest rates for a conventional, 30-year fixed loan range are as low as 3.625 percent and 15-year and adjustable rate mortgages are around 3.125 percent. Table C - 9: Current Mortgage Rates Interest Rate APR 30-Year Fixed 3.625% 3.738% 15-Year Fixed 3.125% 3.288% 5-Year Fixed 3.00% 3.925% Source: Wells Fargo, August 2019 A wide variety of loan packages and terms are available, making financing accessible for most home buyers with good credit and moderate- to above-moderate incomes. Although low interest rates have made housing more affordable than in recent years, the necessary down payment still can pose an insurmountable obstacle, particularly to first-time homebuyers. Lenders typically prefer a 20-percent down payment on a mortgage loan. Prospective buyers, who might be able to support an 80-percent loan, often do not have the financial resources to make the required down payment. A median-priced home in San Luis Obispo costs $$693,000 (June 2019 Zillow.com), requiring an $138,600 down payment to get into a new house. Lenders will sometimes loan up to 90 percent of the asking price, but an applicant's credit is much more closely scrutinized, and monthly payments and monthly income requirements are significantly higher. Consequently, financing can pose a major obstacle for first-time or moderate income homebuyers, even for those who might otherwise qualify for a standard loan. Interest rates are determined by national economic policies and conditions, and there is little that local governments can do to affect interest rates. Cities may, however, offer interest-rate buy- downs, gap financing or other programs to expand home ownership opportunities for low- and moderate income and first-time homebuyers. d) Insurance Costs Insurance costs have become an important constraint to building affordable housing. Construction liability insurance, needed by builders and required by lenders, has become difficult to obtain in California and when available, is extremely expensive. According to the Home Builders Association of the Central Coast, liability insurance costs can equal up to about two percent of a unit’s selling price. In part, insurance cost increases resulted from unprecedented construction defect litigation, particularly in California, in the 1990s. Most of that litigation focused on residential condominiums. Condominium construction, a major type of new housing in San Luis Obispo in the 1980s, is one of the most effective approaches for providing higher-density, ownership housing for moderate income buyers. Condominium construction fell dramatically in the 1990s. There appears to be renewed builder and consumer interest in residential condos, and city housing policies promote this housing type. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C28 e) Investment Expectations Investment expectations also can add to the cost of housing. Nationally, Americans place a high value on home ownership because it provides a hedge against inflation and allows us to build substantial equity in a relatively short period of time. Ironically, the favorable tax treatment established to protect home ownership has helped push the cost of housing beyond its value as shelter alone and has created a competitive market for real estate as a commodity or financial investment. Home ownership has become an elusive goal for many first-time buyers, as prices increased in response to market expectations. Renters find themselves paying a larger and larger share of their income for housing, as rental properties are resold to a succession of landlords. Many homeowners and owners of rental property benefit from significant tax advantages. Mortgage interest on loans for both a principal home and a second home is usually deductible for taxpayers, and interest on home equity loans also is usually deductible. In addition, homeowners can defer capital gains resulting from the sale of a house so long as another home is purchased at the same or higher cost, and may avoid paying taxes on capital gains from the sale of a home after the age of 55. Owners of rental property can deduct expenses such as property taxes, mortgage interest payments and maintenance costs. Also, since rental property theoretically depreciates in value over time, owners can deduct part of a property’s value each year from their taxable income. While depreciation allowances provide an investment benefit for each successive property owner, they also offer a strong incentive to resell a property once the largest share of depreciation has been taken. The new, higher sales price is then offset by increased rents. Sales commissions, typically ranging from four to six percent of the sales price, also affect housing costs. f) Environmental Constraints Environmental constraints can reduce the number of dwellings that can be developed on a given site. Slope, natural and manmade hazards, creeks and other natural features reduce the developable area of a site and often require special site grading, building or landscape design to mitigate impacts of development. Given its valley setting, ringed by hills and interspersed with five ancient volcanic peaks (“morros”) and numerous perennial creeks, San Luis Obispo must balance environmental preservation with orderly, well-designed development. Measures to protect the environment are integrated with development standards. For example, a site’s residential development capacity is based on: 1) the size of the property, 2) zoning, 3) average slope, and 4) existence of natural features, such as creeks or significant native trees. The Creek Setback Ordinance limits development near creeks to reduce potential impacts to riparian habitats. The required setback in most areas is limited to 20 feet from the creek bank, and this limitation reduces development capacity on sites bordering a creek. In evaluating the City’s residential development capacity, staff analyzed the general environmental constraints affecting development for each property. Properties with significant environmental constraints, such as steeply sloping sites, or sites located on prime agricultural soils were either excluded from the inventory or were assigned much lower development capacities based on environmental constraints. Consequently, Appendix D reflects the “realistic” or reasonably achievable development capacity of sites based on natural and manmade environmental constraints, rather than on their maximum residential capacity under zoning laws. Further City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C29 discussion of this analysis can be found in the Housing Element Update’s Initial Study of Environmental Review (EID-0218-2020). Besides natural environmental constraints, manmade constraints may also limit the development capacity of residential land. For example, the number of dwellings that can be built may be limited by San Luis Obispo County Airport compatibility, noise limits, or by the 100-year flood hazard zone. The extent to which these factors affect development varies by location and the City’s residential capacity estimates take these factors into account. Most of the land affected by airport safety areas zones consists of service and manufacturing land uses and do not affect the City’s ability to meet its quantified housing objectives. Within the Downtown core, the majority of the residential development is mixed-use in nature, therefore the residential component is above existing commercial structures and therefore, not precluded by the flood zone that affects Downtown’s location. The Housing Element update’s potential environmental effects have been fully evaluated and documented in the Initial Study of Environmental Review (EID-0218-202). Based on that evaluation, the updated Element’s policies, programs, and anticipated housing growth are not anticipated to have significant adverse environmental impacts and are consistent with the City’s General Plan and overall growth projections. Table C - 10: Population Change in San Luis Obispo, 1980-2019 Year Population Annual Change (%) 5-year Annual Average Change (%) *1980 34,143 --- --- 1985 37,378 --- 1.83 *1990 41,958 --- 2.35 1995 42,125 --- 0.07 *2000 44,179 --- 0.97 2005 44,630 --- 0.20 *2010 45,046 --- 0.19 2011 45,286 0.53 0.36 2012 45,303 0.04 0.39 2013 45,558 0.56 0.40 2014 45,950 0.86 0.45 2015 46,331 0.83 0.56 2016 46,363 0.07 0.47 2017 46,705 0.74 0.61 2018 46,741 0.08 0.51 2019 46,802 0.13 0.37 Average, 2010-2019 --- 0.43 0.46 Source: City of San Luis Obispo, Community Development Department, 2019 *U.S. Census figures; all others California Department of Finance. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 C30 Population changes are shown in Table C-10. As with housing construction, population growth rates tend to correspond to regional and national economic cycles and show an average annual growth rate of 0.43 percent from 2010 to 2019. g) Economic Constraints Housing development, unemployment, and properties values have improved over the last several years for the City of San Luis Obispo. As of 2019, the City had an unemployment rate of 2.5% and the job market increased by 1.3% from 2018 to 2019. The County’s median home price in May 2019 was $640,000, up about $1,300 from May 2018, according to the California Association of Realtors, and the median home only spent 19 days on the market. The low interest rates in the last year have elevated housing demand as monthly mortgage payments have become more manageable to home buyers in general. In a 2019 comparison to other Central Coast Counties, the County of San Luis Obispo ranked in the middle of the pack. Santa Cruz County had a median price of $935,000, Monterey County at $606,455 and Santa Barbara County at $1,134,649. While completed foreclosures are on the decline for the State of California, the County of San Luis Obispo foreclosures have increased 9 percent in the last year according to Attom Data Solutions. However, countywide, notices of default are still lower than their peak in mid-2009. Overall residential construction activity has also increased in recent years. From 2016 to 2019, the number of residential units issued a building permit annually increased for both single family and multifamily units, which is illustrated in Table A-21 in Appendix A. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 D1 Appendix D Residential Land Resources ______________________________________________________________________________ To adequately meet housing needs, it is essential to understand and quantify the City’s residential land resources. In 2019, the Community Development Department conducted an inventory of vacant and underutilized land in two geographic areas: 1) within City limits, and 2) outside City limits but within the Urban Reserve. The inventory also identified properties that contained “blighted” dwellings to the extent this was apparent from public streets. Survey information was derived from aerial photography, City permit records, and windshield surveys. The residential capacity inventory is included as Appendix E. The following summary is derived from that inventory. This appendix, along with Appendix E, addresses the requirements of Government Code Sections 65583 and 65583.2 requiring a parcel-specific inventory of appropriately zoned, available, and suitable sites that can provide realistic opportunities for the provision of housing to all income levels within the community. The City’s share of the regional housing need will be met through the implementation of a variety of strategies (e.g., available and appropriately zoned land, units built since the beginning of the 6th Cycle RHNA planning period, implementation of specific plans, and infill development). Pursuant to AB 375, the City’s residential growth strategy promotes a balanced approach of residential infill and expansion area development to meet its housing needs and achieve a compact, sustainable community. The adequate sites requirement is addressed through the identification of available vacant and non-vacant sites that are suitable and appropriately zoned. 1. Residential Development Capacity Calculation In estimating residential development capacity, the City evaluated each parcel based on land area, average slope, zoning, existing conditions , and potential for redevelopment. Parcels in all zones were evaluated, including residential and non -residential zones. Estimated residential capacity does not represent the maximum capacity possible. Instead, estimates have been adjusted to take into account “realistic capacity.” Development capacity was determined by taking the maximum allowed density in units per a cre and multiplying by the developable lot area to find the maximum capacity based on zoning regulations. A conservative estimate of 75 percent of the maximum residential capacity was then applied, with the recognition that some properties do not develop to their maximum build out potential. A full discussion on the Survey Methodology is provided in Appendix E, Section 3. Parcels with residential capacity are listed by assessor’s parcel number in Appendix E, Tables E-2 and E-3. 2. Availability of Adequate Sites for Housing City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 D2 The City’s evaluation of adequate sites began with a listing of individual parcels by zone and general plan designation. The site suitability analysis identifies those sites that are currently available and unconstrained so as to provide realistic housing development opportunities prior to the end of the 6th Cycle planning period. To demonstrate the realistic development viability of the sites, the analysis also addressed conditions which may constrain development, such as : (1) whether appropriate zoning is in place, (2) the effect of development standards and their impact on projected development capacity and affordability, (3) existing constraints including environmental concerns, and (4) availability of utilities, infrastructure, and services. The residential land inventory resulted in not only an identification of sites, but also an estimate of potential residential development capacity for these sites. The majority of the land available for residential development is located in: (1) older residential neighborhood s and certain higher density commercial zones, including the Downtown area, and (2) specific plans that have been approved for development. The inventory includes both small and large residentially and non -residentially zoned parcels and parcels that are vacant or underutilized and could be developed with additional dwellings . Parcels zoned to allow higher residential densities, include R-3, R-4, C-C, C-D, C-R C-S, and M, can be developed at densities of at least 20 dwellings per acre and therefore, s uitable for the development of housing affordable to lower income households. For further discussion on the housing types, especially for special needs , allowed in each zone, see Appendix B . Except for some parcels within Specific Plan areas and minor annexation areas, all parcels with residential capacity are already served by streets, all utilities and public services including police, fire, emergency medical services and public schools. Appendix E, Figure E-3 summarizes in-city development potential by zone, outside city development potential, as well as properties which are not yet zoned, as of June 2020. According to the estimates for vacant and underutilized properties, there is a total development capacity within city limits of 3,155 density units, equivalent to 3,155 two-bedroom dwellings. Opportunities for housing development include: a. Vacant land zoned for residential use; b. Underutilized parcels zoned for residential use where lot coverage and density are less than that allowed by the Zoning Regulations and where infrastructure needs for additional development can be met; c. Vacant or underutilized land suitable for mixed-use residential/commercial development; d. Vacant or underutilized land outside city limits, within the City’s Urban Reserve, including designated residential expansion areas. a) Vacant Residential Land This category includes vacant, developable parcels in the R-1, R-2, R-3, and R-4 zones. There are 330 acres of vacant residentially zoned land in the City, with 280 acres located in specific plan areas and the remaining 50 acres consisting of vacant lots throughout the City with a development potential of 164 dwelling units. Table D-1 summarizes residential development in specific plan areas in the City. The specific plan areas discussed in this table are the Margarita Area Specific Plan, the Orcutt Area Specific Plan, San Luis Ranch, and the Avila Ranch Planning Area. Within City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 D3 these specific plan areas, there is 280 acres of vacant land planned for residential development, with a total of 3,155 dwelling units planned for development. Of that total, 1,955 of the units are planned for currently vacant or underutilized land within the specific plan areas. Of the total vacant and underutilized land in these areas, 40 acres are zoned R-3 or R-4 and can be developed at densities of at least 20 dwellings per acre. Therefore, these 40 acres are considered suitable for the development of housing affordable to lower income households. Table D - 1: Specific Plan Development Potential in San Luis Obispo Specific Plan Areas Total Acres Residential Acres Total Planned Units Units within Vacant & Underutilized Land Orcutt Area Specific Plan 152 111 987 168 Margarita Area Specific Plan 74 74 868 487 San Luis Ranch Specific Plan 131 40 580 580 Avila Ranch Planning Area 121 55 720 720 Total Units 479 280 3,155 1,955 Source: Community Development Department, 2019 b) Underutilized Residential Land Underutilized residential land consists of parcels in the R-1, R-2, R-3, and R-4 zones that could accommodate additional housing based on lot area, slope, and zoning. The total amount of underutilized residential land is 48 acres, with a development potential of 227 dwelling units. c) Land Suitable for Mixed-Use Development There are 71 acres of vacant and underutilized land that could accommodate mixed commercial and residential uses. Of the total, 58 acres can be developed at densities of at least 20 dwellings per acre and therefore, considered suitable for affordable housing development. This is a development potential of 674 dwelling units affordable to lower income households. City policies encourage a mix of residential and commercial uses (mixed-use). Mixed-use is allowed by right in the C-C, C-D, C-R, C-N, C-T and O zones, and by use permit in the C-S and M zones. Mixed-use is also allowed in the PF zone with rezoning to PF-MU. City policies encourage mixed-use in commercially-zoned areas, particularly in the Downtown Core. The Downtown Core is an area that historically had many apartments located above ground-floor commercial uses and General Plan polices encourage housing rehabilitation and intensification this area. Housing production is also encouraged in areas zoned for Retail Commercial (C-R) and Community Commercial (C-C). At 36 density units per acre, these zones allow the highest residential densities in the City. Other commercial zones allow 24 density units per acre for mixed- use development, such the Service Commercial (C-S) and Manufacturing (M) zones. d) Possible Rezonings City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 D4 Table D-2 identifies parcels which may be appropriate for rezoning to accommodate housing development within the 6th Cycle planning period. All of these properties have residential development capacity and are served by streets, utilities, and public services; however, their additional residential capacity with rezoning is not included in the City’s total residential capacity at this time and may be included in the future if determined necessary and appropriate to achieve housing objectives. Most of these areas are suitable for higher residential density development (R-3 and R-4) or mixed use. Through zoning, the City sets the range of allowed uses, residential and commercial density, building height, and other development standards. At the request of citizens, landowners or developers, or the Planning Commission, the City Council may consider changing the General Plan and rezoning property up to four times each year. Such changes must be consistent with General Plan policies on land use, circulation, noise, and other factors governing land use suitability. Where sites are appropriate for multiple uses, including residential, the City’s General Plan emphasizes housing development over development of non-residential uses. Table D - 2: Areas to be Considered for Possible Rezoning, 2019 Address Land Use / Status / Area Existing/ Possible Zoning Estimated Number of Dwellings2 A) 1499 San Luis Drive (rezone vacant and underutilized School District property) The site is 4.36 acres, part of approximately 65 acres occupied in by San Luis High School. The area is surrounded by housing with a significant amount of office space uses. The site is zoned Public Facility. It may be suitable for R-3 upzone. Based on allowed residential density in the R-3 zone, the parcel could accommodate 65 dwellings units. B) 1642 Johnson Avenue (vacant School District property) The vacant parcel is a little less than 1 acre in size (.77) and is adjacent to 1499 San Luis Drive. The location of the site will allow the two sites to work in combination to create one development plan. The site is zoned R-2 and could be combined with 1499 San Luis Drive designated for both low- and medium- density housing in the General Plan. The site may be suitable for rezoning to R-3. Total units are combined with 1499 San Luis Drive above. C) 4325 South Higuera Street (PG & E yard) The parcel is approximately 10.5 acres at the southern end of Higuera Street. The area is less developed with manufacturing to the east with housing nearby. The site is zoned Service Commercial and is located within the Airport Area Specific Plan (AASP). Based on the allowed residential density in the Airport Land Use Plan (ALUP) the site could accommodate 50 new dwelling units3 D) 4355 Vachell Lane (vehicle storage) The vacant 9-acre parcel is located next to 4325 South Higuera near the southern end of town. The same area and status applies to this site as stated above. The area is zoned Manufacturing and is located within the AASP. Based on allowed residential density within the ALUP the site would be suitable to accommodate 40 new dwelling units3. E) 2143 Johnson Avenue (adjacent to County Health Department) The vacant parcel is approximately 5 acres and located next to the County Health Department. Single Family households, townhomes and apartments are all designations within the vicinity of the site. The site is zoned Public Facility. There are residential developments along Johnson Street that are increased density. There could be the possibility to increase density to R-2 or R-3. Up zoning the parcel to R-3 will allow approximately 75 dwelling units. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 D5 F) 11950 Los Osos Valley Road (Pacific Beach High School) The parcel is approximately 5.4 acres and occupied by Pacific Beach High School. Houses and apartments are nearby with the Costco across the street and the Prefumo Creek Commons (Target) located to the east. The site is zoned Public Facility. There is opportunity for growth in this area with the proposed adjacent development and centralized location. Land use classifications within the vicinity would make this parcel suitable for an up zone to R-3. Increasing the density to R-3 will allow about 80new dwelling units. G) 2500 Block of Boulevard Del Campo (adjacent to Sinsheimer Park) The area abuts Sinsheimer Elementary School and is adjacent to a cul-de-sac of housing. The site zoning is public facility; however, it seems only possible for R-1 single family lots to the area based on the location and single family lots across the street. Approximately 6 single-family houses. H) 12165 & 12193 Los Osos Valley Road This 111 acre parcel includes the remnants of the historic Froom Ranch, and consists mostly of hillsides and Prefumo Creek drainage area. Approximately 20 acres are located within Urban Reserve and designated for General Retail. The 2014 Land Use Element (LUE) update identified the site as the “Madonna on LOVR Specific Plan Area.” According to the LUE, the site is to have a minimum of 200 dwelling units. I) 1150 & 1160 Laurel Lane (Atoll Business & Technology Center) This parcel is 17-acres located just west of the Union Pacific Railroad and south of Sinsheimer Park. This site is currently split zoned for Manufacturing and Office and contains an 11,747 s.f. commercial structure and surface parking lots. Adjacent zoning includes Office, Manufacturing and R-3. This site would be suitable for the whole parcel to be zoned Manufacturing. The site could support a mixed-use project with approximately 300 dwelling units. J) 600 Tank Farm Road (vehicle storage and temporary parking) An 11.7-acre parcel located within the Airport Area Specific Plan, north of the San Luis Obispo County Airport and south of the Damien Garcia Sports Fields. The site is currently zoned Business Park and contains an unimproved temporary parking lot and vehicle storage areas. Adjacent zoning includes Service Commercial and Public Facility. The site would be suitable to be rezoned to Service Commercial and allow mixed-use development. The site could support a mixed-use project with approximately 210 dwelling units. Total Potential Dwelling Units 1,026 Source: Community Development Department, 2019 1For additional information see the South Broad Street Area Plan for detailed information on the area. 2Calculated number of potential dwelling units for each property takes into consideration 75 percent development efficiency if units are not taken directly from a proposed development plan and assumes each dwelling unit is equivalent to 1 density unit, or 2- bedroom dwelling unit, unless otherwise stated 3Likely to require additional approval from the Airport Land Use Commission (ALUC) because the site is located in the ALUP. e) Accessory Dwelling Units The City’s Zoning Regulations allow accessory dwelling units (ADUs) with ministerial approvals in all zones that allow residential structures where a residential structure is existing or proposed. Section 65583.1 of State housing element law allows local governments to identify realistic capacity for ADUs in addressing a locality’s share of the regional housing need. The identification of realistic capacity should be based on the development trends of ADUs in the previous housing element planning period and other relevant factors. At this time, the City has not identified ADUs as a housing unit that will count toward its Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA). City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 D6 However, the County of San Luis Obispo conducted a Countywide study on ADUs and found, using data from all the jurisdictions (including the City of San Luis Obispo), that approximately 50 percent of the ADUs constructed meet the requirements for low income housing. ADU construction rates in San Luis Obispo have been increasing in recent years (averaging about 30 units per year from 2017 through 2019). As a result, the City expects that ADU construction will continue to increase during the 6th Cycle Housing Element planning period. Additional discussion on ADUs is also provided in Appendix C, Section d. f) “Pipeline” Projects The City has a number of residential projects in the early planning stages. These are termed “pipeline projects” because they are going through the planning review process but have not yet received entitlements and are not yet counted toward RHNA. These residential projects are not included in the Residential Capacity Inventory (Appendix E, Table E-2). A total of 995 dwelling units are proposed for development in upcoming pipeline projects. Table D-3 summarizes pipeline residential development projects as of December 2019. Table D - 3: “Pipeline” Residential Projects in San Luis Obispo, 2019 Address Zone Acres Max Density per acre Maximum Capacity, Density Units Proposed Number of Dwellings Proposed # of Affordable Units 545 Higuera C-D 0.37 36 13 56 0 1144 Chorro C-D 0.38 36 14 50 13 564 Higuera C-D 0.50 36 18 36 2 956 Monterey C-D 0.15 36 5 20 0 2690 Victoria C-R 0.39 36 14 32 32 3049 Broad C-R 0.21 36 8 10 1 650 Tank Farm C-S 12.72 24 305 249 39 3720 Broad C-S 1.36 24 33 40 40 830 Orcutt C-S 0.56 24 13 15 2 1030 Orcutt C-S 0.49 24 12 15 0 279 Bridge M 2.19 24 53 18 2 1137 Peach R-2 0.86 12 10 5 0 1034 Mill O 0.26 12 3 5 0 3580 Bullock R-3, C-C 10.73 20 224 192 7 3700 Ranch House R-3 1.39 20 28 40 8 Lucca R-2 1.21 12 15 38 38 12165 LOVR R-4 1.80 24 44 44 27 12165 LOVR R-3 37.30 20 746 130 0 Total “Pipeline” Units Proposed 995 184 Source: Community Development Department 2020 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 D7 g) Entitled Projects The City has a number of residential projects that have received planning approval but have not received building permits. These are considered “entitled” projects and the units have not been counted toward the 6th Cycle RHNA progress in 2019 and will not count until building permits have been issued. As with “pipeline projects,” these residential projects are not included in the Residential Capacity Inventory (Appendix E, Table E-2). There is a total of 729 dwelling units proposed as part of entitled residential projects. Table D-4 summarizes these projects as of December 2019, including the number of affordable units planned. Table D - 4: Entitled Residential Projects in San Luis Obispo, 2019 Address Zone Acres Max Density per acre Maximum Capacity, Density Units Proposed Number of Dwellings Proposed # of Affordable Units 790 Foothill C-C 1.30 36 47 78 12 590 Marsh, 581 Higuera C-D 0.30 36 11 52 5 667 Monterey C-D 0.43 36 15 30 0 797 Caudill C-R 0.26 36 9 8 0 3249 Broad C-R 0.85 36 31 32 4 774 Caudill C-S 0.13 24 3 33 3 3825 S. Higuera M 5.40 24 130 30 0 3750 Bullock R-3 2.12 20 42 68 68 3750 Bullock R-3, C-C 2.37 20 35 35 0 1241 Laurel C-N 0.40 12 5 22 0 1121 Montalban C-T 0.17 12 2 15 2 3214 Rockview R-2 0.55 12 7 10 1 3810 Bullock R-2 4.08 12 49 32 0 3761 Orcutt R-2 2.95 12 35 43 9 3725 Orcutt R-2 8.58 12 103 42 5 1355 Orcutt R-2 5.96 12 72 32 0 3987 Orcutt R-1, R-2, R-3 35.83 7 272 45 0 3987 Orcutt R-1, R-2, R-3 35.83 7 272 122 0 Total Entitled Units Proposed 729 109 Source: Community Development Department 2020 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 D8 h) Building Permits Issued In 2019, the City issued a total of 537 building permits for new residential units. As allowed by State Law, the City’s RHNA is adjusted based on the number of dwelling units that have received a building permit during the 6th Cycle Housing Element Planning Period (see Table D-5). These units are deducted from the RHNA number for each income category to establish the City’s housing construction objectives. The quantified objectives promote the development of housing that meets affordability standards for the income groups in the same proportion as the RHNA allocation, and emphasize production of multi-family, higher density housing, where appropriate. Table D - 5: RHNA Credit Captured in 2019 (1/1/2019 to 12/31/2019) Income Level (% of County Median Income) 6th Cycle RHNA Year 1 (2019) Total Units Remaining by Income Level Extremely Low & Very Low 825 0 825 Low 520 6 514 Moderate 603 8 595 Above Moderate 1,406 523 883 TOTAL UNITS 3,354 537 Total Remaining RHNA: 2,817 Source: Community Development Department, 2020 3. Residential Densities State law has established “by right” minimum densities to use as a basis for determining land suitability for developing housing for lower income households. City zoning regulations measure residential density in “density units”. Table D-6 below describes the relationship between residential density units and the number of dwellings that can be built on a site. In all zones except the R-1 zone, the number of dwellings that can be built is determined by the number of bedrooms per dwelling unit, the lot size and slope, and zone. For example, as shown in Table D-6, a one acre property, with average slope of 15 percent or less and zoned R-2 (medium-density residential) can be developed to a maximum density of 12 density units per net acre, equivalent to 12 two-bedroom dwellings. By constructing dwellings with fewer bedrooms per unit, the number of dwellings that can be built increases. For example, using the same site in the above example, a development could contain 24 units made up of 24, one-bedroom or studio dwellings (600 square feet or less). In San Luis Obispo, the minimum density has been established at 12 or more density units per acre and is equivalent to a minimum of 24 studio/one bedroom (dwelling units) per acre. Eleven City zones allow base residential densities (before a density bonus) of 24 or more dwellings per net acre and therefore, are suitable for meeting low-income housing needs. An analysis of the City’s residential development trends shows that the default density target for lower income housing development is most commonly achieved in six specific zone districts: R-3, R-4, C-C, C-D, C-R and C-S zones. These zones allow base densities of 20 to 36 density units per acre, with a total range of dwelling units from 36 up to 72 dwellings per acre. Consistent with Government Code Section 65583.2(c)(3)(B), those sites identified in the inventory as having the potential for City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 D9 residential development at densities of at least 20 dwelling units (du)/acre are considered appropriate to accommodate housing for lower-income households. Table D - 6: Maximum Residential Density & Number of Dwellings Allowed by Right Zones General Plan Land Use Designations Maximum allowed density units1 / acre Maximum allowed number of dwellings2/ acre Allows densities greater than 20 dwellings / acre R-1 Low-Density Residential 7 7 No R-2, C-N, C-T, O Medium-Density Residential, Neighborhood Commercial, Tourist Commercial, Office 12 24 Yes R-3 Medium-High Density Residential 20 40 Yes R-4 High Density Residential 24 48 Yes C-R, C-D, C-C Retail Commercial, Downtown Commercial, Community Commercial 36 72 Yes C-S, M Service Commercial, Manufacturing 24 48 Yes Source: City of San Luis Obispo, Community Development Department, 2019 1For average site slope of 15% or less. 2Based on development of studio & one-bedroom dwellings 600 sq. ft. or less equivalent to 0.50 density unit / dwelling. 4. Evaluation of Development Capacity: Identifying Adequate Sites State law requires that housing elements include an inventory of land “suitable for residential development” and that the inventory “identify sites that can be developed for housing within the planning period and that are sufficient to provide for the jurisdiction’s share of the regional housing need for all income levels pursuant to Section 65584 (Government Code 65583.2(a).” In this context, land suitable for residential development includes all of the following: • Vacant sites zoned for residential use. • Vacant sites zoned for non-residential use that allows residential development. • Residentially zoned sites that are capable of being developed at higher density. • Sites zoned for non-residential use that can be redeveloped for and as necessary, rezoned for residential use. To accomplish this, jurisdictions must conduct an inventory of land suitable for residential development, analyze sites’ availability and suitability for housing (e.g. development capacity), and identify adequate sites to meet its regional housing need, in total and by income group, within the planning period. Appendix E describes the methodology and results of the City’s land inventory, addressing vacant, underutilized, and blighted properties, both within and outside city limits but within urban growth boundaries, that have residential development potential. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 D10 Small Sites Analysis Development of parcels allowing at least 50-80 dwellings is desirable in terms of construction economies and effective use of State or Federal grants. However older, compact cities like San Luis Obispo may not have the in-city supply of larger lots suitable for residential development. Most of San Luis Obispo was subdivided into relatively small lots in the early 20th century, with vacant parcels of 2 to 5 acres in size now rare. Residential development on sites of one acre or less have been, and continue to be, a key component of the City’s housing production. San Luis Obispo is located in a valley, mostly surrounded by and interspersed with hills or “morros” that limit the extent of outward urban expansion. Since 1994, the City has emphasized infill development on suitable vacant or underutilized sites already in the City, close to utilities, public transportation, and services. When properly designed, one-acre sites in the R-2, R-3, R-4, O, C-C, C-D, C-R, C- N, C-T, C-S and M zones can meet State HCD’s “minimum density” of at least 20 dwellings per acre, and importantly, be compatible with scale and character of their surroundings. To evaluate the feasibility of the residential development on small sites under 2 acres, the City reviewed recent development projects on small sites, as shown in Table D-7. The review revealed that residential projects approved within the last two years showed high density development in several zones. Overall, there have been smaller multi-family projects (1-10 units) being developed at 20-24 dwelling units per acre, while medium and larger sized multifamily residential projects (11+ units) have been typically built-out at 26-32 dwelling unit per acre range. Higher density development for larger projects is likely the result of increased fiscal and regulatory incentives for projects subject to inclusionary housing requirements and including affordable housing, including density bonuses pursuant to Government Code Section 65915. To further support maximum development on small lots, the City updated the Zoning Regulations in October 2018 and set a minimum number of dwellings units on legal lots within the R-2, R-3, R-4 and Office zones. To help improve residential development efficiency and increase housing production, the City has revised its development standards to provide more regulatory flexibility and additional incentives, as described in Appendix C, Table C-4. In addition, the City is looking at the possibility of flexible density provisions within the Downtown, Upper Monterey, and Mid- Higuera planning area (Program 6.12). Flexible parking standards, including an in-lieu parking program in the Downtown and parking reductions with a parking demand study, provide incentives for denser development Downtown and in residential and commercial zones outside the City core. The City is considering several additional incentives to residential development, including waiving parking requirements for some Downtown dwellings, and allowing leased residential parking in Downtown public parking facilities. Housing Element programs 6.11 and 6.12 target additional changes to increase housing production and residential development efficiency, including possible flexible density and a reduction in or no parking requirements. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 D11 Table D - 7: Residential Densities of Recent Projects on Small Sites Address Zone Acres Number of Dwelling Units Constructed Density Units Allowed Per Parcel Meets/Exceeds Default Density, 20 units/acre? 3063 Rockview R-2 / C-OS 1.01 8 8 No 950 Orcutt M 2.03 78 48 Yes 791 Orcutt C-C / R-4 4.00 90 96 Yes 2120 Santa Barbara C-S 1.64 69 39 Yes 1148 Fernwood R-3 0.29 5 5.5 No 435 Marsh C-R 0.22 8 7.5 Yes 1121 Montalban C-T 0.34 15 4 Yes 1241 Laurel C-N 2.16 22 25.5 No 790 Foothill C-C-SF 1.34 78 48 Yes 774 Caudill C-R-SF / C-S-SF 0.51 33 18.5 Yes 3720 Broad C-S-S 1.62 40 38.5 Yes 3049 Broad C-R-SF 0.21 12 7.5 Yes 2450 Victoria C-R-SF 1.78 43 64 Yes 71 Palomar R-4 1.43 41 34 Yes 1750 Bishop R-1 / R-2 / C-OS 1.34 34 16 Yes 3680 Broad C-S-S 1.36 46 32.5 Yes 625 Toro R-4 0.45 14 11 Yes 3214 Rockview R-2-S 0.55 10 6.5 No 215 Bridge M 2.82 8 67.5 No Source: City of San Luis Obispo, Community Development Department, 2019 The results of the Residential Capacity Survey indicated that small properties under one acre size throughout the city had a total capacity of 458 dwelling units. The survey identifies a total of 142 properties under one acre, with an average development potential of 3.22 units per site. Of these 142 properties, 65 are vacant, accounting for 118 of the 458 potential “small site” dwelling units. The remaining 340 units would be located on 77 underutilized and/or blighted properties. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 D12 Small Site Development Examples Below are examples of potential small site residential developments, typical of many small sites in San Luis Obispo. These include underdeveloped or blighted properties that can accommodate at least one additional dwelling unit, and underdeveloped or blighted properties that can accommodate new or additional higher density development of 20 or more dwelling units per acre. 1) Sites that can accommodate one additional dwelling unit are typical of 2062 Price Street, a 7,500 square foot site zoned R-2 and developed with a small two-bedroom home located at the rear of the site (Figure D-1). 2) Another example is located at 577 Branch St, an 8,280 square-foot, R-2-zoned property developed with a small home located on the front side of the property (Figure D-2). Properties such as these that are identified in the capacity survey can accommodate one or more additional dwelling units during the 6th Cycle RHNA period. Continuing high property values and high rents, due in part to the high housing demand from Cuesta College and Cal Poly students, makes continued infill development likely. In addition, these sites are also good candidates for an ADU, which may be more feasible for the property owner in both time and expense. There are many examples of similarly underdeveloped properties that were redeveloped with additional units during the 5th Cycle RHNA planning period. These types of properties are expected to be some of the first to redevelop because of low infrastructure costs and the ease of permitting small housing developments within the City. Figure D - 1: Small Sites Example, 2062 Price Street City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 D13 Underdeveloped or Blighted Site Opportunities Examples Another category of key sites evaluated in the capacity survey is underdeveloped or blighted properties that can accommodate new or additional high density development of over 20 dwelling units per acre. Representative sites are evaluated below, with one site highlighted to show a recent development on a small site. 1) 3085 McMillan Avenue (Figure D-3) is a 40,000 square-foot site, zoned M (Manufacturing) that is developed with surface parking. The site is adjacent to service-commercial land uses and suitable for mixed use development with medium-high density housing and the City strongly encourages mixed use development in this area, as evidenced by planning entitlements and development projects in the vicinity. The site is part of the South Broad Street Area Plan (approved in 2014) that encourages higher-density, mixed-use infill development and redevelopment. Figure D - 2: Small Sites Example, 577 Branch Street City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 D14 2) 3460 Broad Street is a 98,550 square-foot site (2.26 acre), zoned M, that is partially developed with four commercial structures on only half the lot. With 49,275 square feet (1.13 acre) (half of the property not currently being used) and no residential development yet on the site, the capacity survey estimates that 27 additional units could be developed on the project site as part of a mixed- use development (current zoning would allow for 54 density units for the entire parcel). Figure D - 3: Small Sites Example, 3085 McMillan Avenue Figure D - 4: Small Sites Example, 3460 Broad Street City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 D15 3) Another example of an underdeveloped or blighted property that can accommodate new or additional high-density development is 1166 Higuera Street (Figure D-5). The property is zoned Commercial-Retail, C-R, over 25,000 square feet in size, and has a density of 36 units per acre (which could allow between 20 to 40 residential units). Mixed-use development is allowed by right in the C-R zone, and the only entitlement necessary to develop this property with residential units is architectural review of the proposed site and building designs. Additionally, the site is located within the Upper Monterey Area that the 2014 Land Use Element update identified as an area of redevelopment (Policy 8.2.2). 5. Existing and Proposed Incentives to Facilitate Housing Development The City uses a combination of regulatory and financial incentives to facilitate housing development. As described in Appendix C, dwellings are allowed in 14 of the City’s 16 zones, and Zoning Regulations include density bonuses and relaxed parking requirements for affordable housing development. Dwellings destroyed by fire, flood, or other catastrophic events may be rebuilt at the same density and up to the same size, provided that new construction meets current building and zoning code requirements. Dwellings can be built on any existing, legal non- conforming lot, regardless of density requirements, provided they meet building setback, height, and other property development standards. In the Downtown Commercial zone, the City allows up to 36 density units per acre (equivalent to 36 two-bedroom dwellings and 72 studio or one- bedroom units (600 square feet or less) on one acre), 100 percent lot coverage, reduced parking, a baseline height allowance of 50 feet, a baseline floor area ratio of 3.0. As an incentive for mixed- use housing development, Downtown buildings may extend up to 75 feet in height with approval of a use permit, provided that 15% of the building’s new dwelling are affordable to low and Figure D - 5: Small Sites Example, 1166 Higuera Street City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 D16 moderate income households, and that it meets other community objectives including pedestrian amenities, view access, economic benefits, historic preservation, and energy efficiency. As listed in Appendix C, Table C-4; the City offers a range of incentives and exceptions to developers of affordable housing. One example is a density bonus. When a developer agrees to construct housing for deed restricted affordable units for very-low, low or moderate income households, or qualifying senior households, the City offers a range of “by right” incentives and alternative or additional incentives. For housing developments of five or more units, if at least 10 percent of the proposed units are dedicated for low income affordable housing, or 5 percent dedicated to very low income, the developer shall be entitled to receive a density bonus starting at 20 percent and increasing for every additional affordable unit, with a maximum density bonus of 35 percent (a developer may request higher than a 35% density bonus with Planning Commission approval). Per Program 6.20, density bonus provisions will be updated to remain consistent with State law. In addition, the City defers the payment of planning, engineering, building application, and permit fees, as well as the payment of development impact fees for 100% affordable housing projects and for those that exceed the inclusionary housing requirement or inclusionary housing “in-lieu” fees until issuance of certificate of occupancy rather than at construction permit issuance, thereby allowing “soft” development costs to be paid for through proceeds from unit sales or rent. As part of the Inclusionary Housing requirement, developers may choose to pay a fee in-lieu of building affordable units into their projects. This is a preferred option for most commercial projects. In - lieu fees are then used to help fund land acquisition and construction of affordable housing throughout the City. The 6th Cycle Housing Element continues to support housing incentives that encourage housing development, including: • Program 3.10 calls for the City to partner with faith-based organizations, non-profits, or the City’s Housing Authority to expand rental housing for extremely-low, very-low, low and moderate income households. • Program 6.20 calls for continued updates to density bonus incentives consistent with State Law. • Program 6.21 would consider possible changes to Subdivision Regulations to facilitate small lot residential subdivisions, ownership bungalow court developments and other alternatives to conventional residential subdivision design. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 D17 6. Conclusion Based on the analysis of City land resources with residential development potential and issued permits, there is sufficient zoned land that is suitable and available to meet the City’s RHNA need of 3,354 dwellings for this element’s planning period. As allowed by State law, the City’s 6th cycle RHNA has been adjusted based on dwelling units that have been issued a building permit between January 1, 2019 and December 31, 2019. Table D-5 above, shows that 537 dwelling units received building permits, reducing the total RHNA to 2,817. Table D-6 consolidates the potential number of units that the City can accommodate through entitled projects, pipeline projects, specific plan areas, and vacant, underutilized, and blighted properties within the City. Appendix E provides a comprehensive inventory of land available within the City to accommodate 3,155 dwelling units. Table D - 8: Residential Capacity of San Luis Obispo Acres No. of Units “Pipeline” Projects 72.87 995 Entitled Projects 107.51 729 Estimated Residential Capacity 198.5 1,200 Estimated Residential Capacity within Specific Plan Areas 160.8 1,955 Total Residential Capacity 539.68 3,155 Remaining RHNA 2,817 Source: City of San Luis Obispo, Community Development Department, 2019 With the adjusted RHNA total, the City has a remaining housing need of 1,934 affordable units. As shown in Appendix E, the City has approximately 100 acres of land available and suitable for residential development at densities of 20 or more dwellings per acre and a development capacity of 1,510 dwelling units (equivalent to 1 density unit each), all of which can accommodate affordable housing. It is important to note, as explained in Section 3 above, that 1,510 density units could, at the extreme, accommodate 3,020 one-bedroom or studio dwellings (600 square feet or less). With this Housing Element, the City continues to support policies and programs that promote the production of all housing types, for a wide variety of individuals, groups, and families. The City seeks to encourage and implement housing objectives that support the construction of affordable housing, especially for lower income households. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E1 Appendix E Residential Capacity Inventory ______________________________________________________________________________ 1. Purpose This survey lists properties within the City’s Urban Reserve Line (URL) with additional housing development potential. The purpose of the survey is to document the City’s residential land capacity to meet its Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA). The R HNA is the number of housing units that California cities and counties must accommodate in their housing elements and is specific to each jurisdiction. Properties were determined to have capacity for additional housing development if they were vacant, underutilized, or blighted and had zoning to support residential development. By documenting residential development pote ntial, the Planning Commission and City Council can assess the City’s housing stock and make informed decisions about housing needs for the 6th Cycle General Plan Housing Element update. 2. Definitions For the purposes of this survey, the following definitions were used: 1. “Vacant” refers to a property with no structures other than signs, walls, or fences. 2. “Underutilized” means a property with only minor accessory buildings, such as garages or sheds, or if developed, where less than 40 percent of the lot was covered with buildings (excluding properties in the Downtown Core, C -D Zone). 3. “Blighted” properties are identified by one or more of the following conditions: a. damaged, sagging, or failed roof, walls, foundation, stairs or porch; b. broken, missing, or extremely weathered siding (stucco, wood, asbestos tile); c. broken, boarded, or missing windows, torn window screens; d. badly damaged or missing doors; e. exterior; outdated plumbing. 4. “Property”, “lot”, and “parcel” are used int erchangeably and refer to one or more adjacent lots of record under common ownership. 5. “Urban Reserve Line” or URL refers to the area which encompasses urban land and can be inside or outside of the City Limits. 6. “In-City properties” include only those properties located within the City Limits. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E2 7. “Outside-City properties” are outside of City limits, but within the Urban Reserve Line. 3. Survey Methodology As part of the data collection and analysis phase of the Housing Element update, Community Development staff worked over a period of several months to document the condition of the housing stock and identify sites with residential development or redevelopment potential. This involved three steps: 1. Establish survey areas 2. Identify and document vacant, underutilized, or blighted properties 3. Determine potential for additional residential development The City has been divided into 28 survey areas (See Figure E-1), including land outside of the City limits but within the Urban Reserve Line (URL). Survey area boundaries generally follow major circulation routes, natural barriers, and neighborhood boundaries. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E3 City staff conducted “windshield survey s” in which staff dr ove to specific areas and sites, reviewed recent aerial maps and recently approved building permits to determine if a property was vacant, underutilized, or blighted. After completing the review of each survey area, staff documented the correct address , County Assessor’s Parcel number (APN), General Plan and zoning designation, and total square footage of each property using the City’s permitting software. Once each area was surveyed and documented, staff summarized the number of vacant, underutilized, or blighted properties and their acreages for each area and then for the entire City. Staff added properties that had been annexed or were found to have changed status since the last Housing Element . a) Development Constraints Under State law, the site inventory analysis must include an estimate of the number of housing units that can be accommodated on each site identified in the land inventory within the planning Figure E - 1: Residential Capacity Survey Subareas City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E4 period. The element must describe the methodology used to estimate the realistic capacity. The element should not estimate unit capacity based on the theoretical maximum build -out allowed by the zoning. Development capacity estimates must consider: 1. Applicable land-use controls and site i mprovement requirements. The analysis must consider the potential impact or burden of the City’s development standards on the residential capacity of the inventory sites. When establishing realistic unit capacity calculations, the jurisdiction must consider existing development trends as well as the cumulative impact of standards such as maximum lot coverage, height, open space, parking, and FARs; 2. Existing Uses: The inventory must consider the impact of existing development when calculating realistic development capacity. For example, to demonstrate the unit capacity of underutilized sites, the analysis should describe and explain the factors that make developing additional residential units feasible (within the planning period). Consider the following example: A one-acre parcel zoned for 20 dwelling units per acre and developed with a single-family home. The element must demonstrate the local government has a track record of facilitating and supporting the intensification of sites, and describe the incentives the local government would offer (through a specific program) to attract and assist developers; and 3. Small Sites (less than one acre): The element should include an analysis of the number of units projected for small sites. The analysis should consider development trends on small sites as well as policies or incentives to facilitate such development. For example, many local governments p rovide incentives for lot consolidation. In addition, while it may be possible to build housing on small lot s, the development standards needed to construct the units often render the provision of affordable housing infeasible. To utilize small sites to ac commodate the jurisdictions share of the regional housing need for lower - income households, the element must consider the impact of constraints associated with small lot development on the ability of a developer to produce affordable housing. In the process of creating the inventory, staff checked the status propert ies for development changes. Vacant or underutilized properties that had been developed to their full potential were removed from the survey and vacant properties that were partially developed were then considered underutilized. For blighted properties, the condition of the structure was re -evaluated. If the property was rebuilt or repaired to a point that it no longer met the definition of blight, the property was removed from the su rvey. Properties were also added to the survey in one of four different ways: 1. If the property was not included in the previous Housing Element; 2. If the property had been annexed since the previous planning period ; 3. If the property had become vacant or underutilized due to the demolition of buildings; 4. If a property had become sufficiently deteriorated to meet the definition of blight . a) Development Capacity Calculation City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E5 After reviewing the survey sheets for each property, the potential for development on each property was calculated by applying the following rules. Development Potential was calculated by the following methodology : 1. Determining the maximum allowed density in units per acre according to average slope and land use zone designation (See Table E-1). 2. Determining the maximum number of density units allowed on the property by multiplying the developable lot in acres (excluding creek setbacks, street right -of-ways or plan-lines, and designated open space areas, or areas outside of the Urban Reserve Line) by the maximum allowed density units per acre. Recent housing projects within the City indicate that a higher percentage of properties that allow residential development build to the maximum density or more with a density bonus . However, not every site builds to the maximum density and w ith this knowledge, the City has applied a conservative estimate of 75 percent of the maximum residential capacity, to all properties within the survey (max allowed density x .75 = surveyed capacity) 3. Vacant property potential was calculated by applying the “75 percent rule .” 4. If the property was considered both underutilized and blighted, it was assumed that the property would be redeveloped, in its entirety, and would then follow the vacant property “75 percent rule.” 5. If a property was underutilized, but not blighted, the percentage of the property that was developed was subtracted from the developable lot area and the remainder (anything not developed) was multiplied by 75 percent. For example, a 20,000 square foot pro perty, with a building footprint of 5,000 square feet, has a total of 15,000 square feet that can be developed. The remaining 15,000 square feet would then be multiplied by the maximum density and by 75 percent ((total area -developed area) x (max density x .75)). 6. Blighted properties were considered to have development potential and likely to be redeveloped to their existing capacity if the buildings had structural issues (damaged, sagging, or failed roof, wall, foundation, or porch degradation). In these cases, the properties were not assigned additional development capacity, but were flagged as properties with the potential for redevelopment or rehabilitation. 7. Vacant properties with the potential for mixed -use (commercial/residential) development were calculated following the same residential capacity method, as the City allows mixed use properties to meet both the residential and commercial maximum capacities determined by lot size. 8. Where site features, such as lot orientation, natural features or the presence of historic buildings, warranted a further reduction from the maximum residential capacity, an adjustment factor was applied on a case -by-case basis. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E6 Table E - 1: Maximum Density by Zone and Slope Average Cross Slope in % Maximum Density Allowed (density units per acre) R-1 R-2, O, C-N, C-T R-3 R-4 C-R, C-D, C-C C-S, M 0 - 15 7 12 20 24 36 24 16 - 20 4 6 9 12 36 24 21 - 25 2 4 6 8 36 24 26 + 1 2 3 4 36 24 Source: City of San Luis Obispo Zoning Code, 2019 b) Survey Assumptions The following assumptions were made to determine development capacities for each property: 1. Downtown (C-D zone) properties had development potential if they had: a. Less than 100 percent building lot coverage; b. An approved or proposed development plan; c. Had not undergone seismic retrofit or significantly modified in the last 5 years. 2. If a property had a proposed development plan (planning approval or building permit), development capacity was assumed to equal the number of appr oved dwelling units, less the number of existing units. 3. For single properties with multiple zoning designations, the development potential was calculated for the area of the property in each zone and then added together. 4. Housing capacity for propert ies within specific plan areas utilized the numbers outlined in the specific plan document s to calculate housing capacity. The specific plan areas within the City are the Orcutt Area, Margarita Area, San Luis Ranch, Froom Ranch, and Avila Ranch Development Pl an. 5. Accessory dwelling units (ADUs) are not included because RHNA goals are accommodated in the overall capacity inventory without counting them. See Appendix D, Section 2(f) for a discussion on the estimated number of ADUs the City expects to be constructed on a yearly basis. 6. Property development capacity is based on existing zoning, except in limited cases where rezoning is anticipated based on a pending application or Planning Commission or City Council action. 7. Properties with restrictions that prohibit further subdivision and density were not included in the inventory. c) Survey Organization City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E7 Once the development potential for each property was calculated, the information was organized in three different ways: by survey area, zoning designation, and development status (vacant, underutilized, blighted). The final survey results are split into tw o separate tables, with Table E- 2 showing all City properties not within a specific plan or planning area and Table E-2 showing properties within a specific plan or planning area. These survey results provide City staff with valuable information regarding which types of properties are best suited for future residential growth. 4. Summary of Residential Capacity The results of the inventory update indicate that the City has approximately 200 acres of vacant, underutilized, or blighte d properties throughout the City that can accommodate 1,200 dwelling units. The City also has vacant and underutilized land located within the Margarita Area Specific Plan, the Orcutt Area Specific Plan, the San Luis Ranch Specific Plan, and the Avila Ranc h Planning Area. There is approximately 160 acres of vacant and underutilized land in these specific plan areas, which can accommodate approximately 1,955 dwelling units. Combining the specific plan capacity with the residential capacity of other vacant an d underutilized properties throughout the City, the inventory indicates a total residential capacity of 3,155 dwelling units. a) Development Capacity by Area Organizing the inventory by survey area gives staff, the Planning Commission, and City Council a better geographic idea of where to expect or plan for residential growth over the next eight years. Figure E-2 shows the realistic number of dwelling units that could be accommodated within the planning period by survey area on vacant, underutilized, and blighted properties. This survey has determined that the City has the potential to accommodate 3,155 additional dwelling units within the City based on existing available land and the current condition of any existing structures on the site. Areas which account for the majority of the City’s housing capacity are Areas 18, 20, 21, and 23, which consist of the following specific plans: the Margarita Area Specific Plan, the San Luis Ranch Specific Plan, the Orcutt Area Specific Plan, and the Avila Ranch Planning Area. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E8 b) Development Capacity by Zoning Designation Organizing the City’s development capacity by zoning designation rather than subarea gives a better idea of what types of density and housing the City can accommodate. Only properties within city limits have zoning designations and are included in Figure E-3 below. Properties located outside city limits but within the Urban Reserve Line are included in the “Outside City” category, since they have no zoning designation. While zones R-1, R-2, R-3, and R-4 zones are specifically intended for residential use, the City’s commercial, office, public facility, and manufacturing zones also allow residential development as part of mixed use development or freestanding use when compatible with onsite and surrounding uses. The zones with the most potential for accommodating additional residential units located outside of specific plan areas include mixed-use development potential in retail commercial (C-R) and community commercial (C-C) zones, as well as residential development potential in low density residential (R-1) and medium density residential (R-2) zones. The residential capacities of the C- R and C-C zones in the City are 265 units and 140 units respectively, while the residential capacities of the R-1 and R-2 zones are 155 units and 106 units respectively. Figure E-3 shows residential development potential by zone. For the purpose of this survey, properties with overlay zoning districts, such as R-2-H (Medium Density Residential with Historic District Overlay), were not separated from the primary zoning designation. Figure E - 2: Residential Capacity by Survey Subarea Source: City of San Luis Obispo Community Development Department 2020 *Specific Plan Areas (18 - Margarita, 20 - San Luis Ranch, 21 - Orcutt, 23 - Avila Ranch) City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E9 c) Development Capacity by Development Status Properties were sorted by development status into three groups: vacant, underutilized, and blighted. This was to allow an examination of the condition of housing and to identify sites with infill development and redevelopment opportunities. In some cases, a property was categorized as underutilized and blighted, when it met the characteristics of both definitions. 5. Residential Capacity Tables Tables E-2 and E-3 summarize the number of potential density units for each subarea and the total acreage available for future development. Table E-2 summarizes the City’s residential capacity for vacant and underutilized parcels throughout the City and Table E-3 summarizes the residential capacity of vacant and underutilized parcels within the City’s specific plan areas. All parcels listed in Tables E-2 and E-3 are available for development within this Housing Element’s planning period, and except for parcels within Specific Plan areas and minor annexation areas, are served by streets, utilities, and public services including police, fire, emergency medical services and public schools. Figure E - 3: Residential Capacity by Zone Source: City of San Luis Obispo Community Development Department 2020 *Parcels outside City are within Urban Reserve Line City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E10 Table E - 2: Residential Capacity by Parcel and Survey Subarea Subarea Zone Assessor’s Parcel Number Vacant Under-Utilized Blighted Avg. Slope Square Feet Acres Density units per acre Max. Res. Capacity, density units Constraints to Development / Existing Conditions Realistic # of Dwelling Units Income Category 1 R-1 052-433-015 X < 15% 15,900 0.365 7 2.56 Vacant site 1 Moderate & Above 1 R-1 052-496-001 X < 15% 222,900 5.117 7 35.82 1 SFR and ranch, needs curb, gutter, sidewalk, and driveway 20 Moderate & Above 1 R-1-PD 052-520-063 X < 15% 61,250 1.406 7 9.84 Vacant developable flag lot, driveway access, requires creek setbacks for new development 1 Moderate & Above 1 R-1-PD 052-521-013 X > 26% 44,300 1.017 1 1.00 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 1 073-341-026 X 16-20% 1,193,200 27.392 2 54.78 Cal Fire property within Urban Reserve Line, majority of the site is vacant, developable 40 Moderate & Above Subtotal – Subarea 1 1,537,550 35.297 104.00 63 2 R-1 052-022-025 X X < 15% 17,470 0.401 7 2.80 SFR on large lot 1 Moderate & Above 2 R-1-PD 052-311-020 X 16-20% 16,510 0.379 4 1.50 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 2 R-1-PD 052-312-004 X < 15% 29,710 0.682 7 4.77 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 2 R-1-PD 052-312-005 X 16-20% 21,210 0.487 4 1.95 Vacant developable lot on sensitive site 1 Moderate & Above 2 R-1 052-382-032 X < 15% 17,080 0.392 7 2.74 SFR on large lot 1 Moderate & Above Subtotal – Subarea 2 101,980 2.340 13.75 5 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E11 Subarea Zone Assessor’s Parcel Number Vacant Under-Utilized Blighted Avg. Slope Square Feet Acres Density units per acre Max. Res. Capacity, density units Constraints to Development / Existing Conditions Realistic # of Dwelling Units Income Category 3 R-1 001-012-026 X < 15% 49,610 1.139 7 8.00 SFR covering half of lot, requires common driveway for vacant portion of the lot, requires subdivision for additional development 3 Moderate & Above 3 R-1 001-016-008 X 16-20% 193,280 4.437 4 17.75 5 Existing residential units, sloped lot, subdivision required for more development 10 Moderate & Above 3 R-1 052-061-005 X 16-20% 33,930 0.779 4 3.12 SFR on half of lot, suitable for more development, requires subdivision, sloped lot 2 Moderate & Above 3 R-1 052-061-030 X < 15% 42,210 0.969 7 6.78 SFR on large lot, requires creek setbacks for new development and requires subdivision for additional development 3 Moderate & Above 3 R-1 052-061-035 X 16-20% 18,030 0.414 4 1.66 Vacant developable lot, land- locked 1 Moderate & Above 3 R-1 052-061-041 X < 15% 15,810 0.363 7 2.54 Vacant developable flag lot and requires subdivision for additional development 2 Moderate & Above 3 R-1 052-061-043 X 16-20% 31,320 0.719 4 2.88 SFR on half of lot, suitable for development, subdivision required for new development 2 Moderate & Above 3 R-1 052-156-009 X X < 15% 34,940 0.802 7 5.60 3 Residential units on large property 2 Moderate & Above 3 R-1 052-163-021 X < 15% 9,500 0.218 7 1.53 Vacant developable flag lot 1 Moderate & Above 3 R-1-S, C/OS-5 052-341-002 X 21-25% 121,970 2.800 2 5.60 Steep, vacant, hillside lot with 114,000 sf for development, requires a subdivision 4 Moderate & Above Subtotal – Subarea 3 574,650 13.192 56.56 31 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E12 Subarea Zone Assessor’s Parcel Number Vacant Under-Utilized Blighted Avg. Slope Square Feet Acres Density units per acre Max. Res. Capacity, density units Constraints to Development / Existing Conditions Realistic # of Dwelling Units Income Category 4 R-1 001-014-024 X < 15% 8,320 0.191 7 1.34 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 4 R-1 001-014-062 X < 15% 9,410 0.216 7 1.50 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 4 R-1 001-021-012 X < 15% 6,360 0.146 7 1.00 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 4 R-1 001-091-042 X 16-20% 20,170 0.463 4 1.85 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 4 C-T 001-111-013 X < 15% 12,070 0.277 12 3.32 SFR on half of lot. Suitable for more development; creek setback required. 2 Moderate & Above 4 R-1-S 002-272-010 X 16-20% 72,750 1.670 4 6.68 SFR on large lot with driveway access for additional units, subdivision required for additional development 3 Moderate & Above 4 R-1-S 002-272-018 X 16-20% 34,110 0.783 4 3.13 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 4 R-1-S 002-272-026 X 16-20% 46,700 1.072 4 4.30 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 4 O 052-175-012 X < 15% 97,010 2.227 12 26.72 Existing commercial structure on half the lot. Other half vacant and suitable for redevelopment. 7 Moderate & Above Subtotal – Subarea 4 306,900 7.045 49.84 18 5 C-T 001-206-014 X X < 15% 23,960 0.550 12 6.60 Existing deteriorated triplex, suitable for redevelopment. 5 Moderate & Above 5 O 052-192-001 X < 15% 24,870 0.571 12 6.85 SFR with space for additional development. 4 Moderate & Above 5 O 052-192-002 X < 15% 17,250 0.396 12 4.75 SFR on half the lot, other half vacant. suitable for more dev. 2 Moderate & Above Subtotal – Subarea 5 66,080 1.517 18.20 11 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E13 Subarea Zone Assessor’s Parcel Number Vacant Under-Utilized Blighted Avg. Slope Square Feet Acres Density units per acre Max. Res. Capacity, density units Constraints to Development / Existing Conditions Realistic # of Dwelling Units Income Category 6 R-1 052-031-004 X < 15% 15,070 0.346 7 2.42 SFR on front of lot; deep lot development possible 1 Moderate & Above 6 R-1 052-072-002 X < 15% 17,770 0.408 7 2.86 SFR on half of the lot, suitable for additional development 1 Moderate & Above 6 R-1 052-072-003 X < 15% 17,250 0.396 7 2.77 SFR at front of lot; deep lot development possible 1 Moderate & Above 6 R-4 052-082-008 X <15% 11,670 0.268 24 6.43 Existing SFR. Space for additional development. 4 Low & Very Low 6 R-4 052-082-036 X < 15% 10,720 0.246 24 5.90 Vacant developable lot, adjacent to creek. 4 Low & Very Low 6 R-1-S 052-136-019 X > 26% 26,140 0.600 1 0.60 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 6 R-1-S 052-136-035 X > 26% 14,810 0.340 1 0.34 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 6 R-1-S 052-136-052 X > 26% 19,170 0.440 1 0.44 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 6 R-1-S 052-136-053 X > 26% 17,420 0.400 1 0.40 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 6 R-1-S 052-136-054 X > 26% 15,250 0.350 1 0.35 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 6 R-1-S 052-271-007 X 16-20% 100,620 2.310 4 9.24 Vacant developable lot on sensitive site; near Hwy 101 noise concerns, subdivision required for new development 7 Moderate & Above 6 R-1-S 052-271-010 X > 26% 96,270 2.210 1 2.20 Vacant developable lot, requires subdivision for more dev. 2 Moderate & Above 6 R-1 052-322-012 X < 15% 8,930 0.205 7 1.44 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above Subtotal – Subarea 6 371,090 8.520 35.40 26 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E14 Subarea Zone Assessor’s Parcel Number Vacant Under-Utilized Blighted Avg. Slope Square Feet Acres Density units per acre Max. Res. Capacity, density units Constraints to Development / Existing Conditions Realistic # of Dwelling Units Income Category 7 R-1-S 001-082-007 X > 26% 14,590 0.335 1 0.34 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 7 R-1-S 001-082-008 X 16-20% 6,270 0.144 4 0.58 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 7 R-1-S 001-082-024 X > 26% 5,270 0.121 1 0.12 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 7 R-1-S 001-082-026 X 21-25% 3,830 0.088 2 0.18 Vacant developable lot, steep hillside lot 1 Moderate & Above 7 R-1 001-132-003 X < 15% 8,190 0.188 7 1.32 vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 7 R-2 001-135-012 X < 15% 9,410 0.216 12 2.60 One SFR with room for additional development. 2 Moderate & Above 7 R-2 001-136-001 X < 15% 6,970 0.160 12 2.00 Corner lot with R-2 portion vacant and developable 2 Moderate & Above 7 C-R-S 001-137-013 X < 15% 9,280 0.213 36 7.67 Vacant developable lot. 6 Low & Very Low 7 R-2 001-137-015 X < 15% 14,030 0.322 12 3.86 Commercial development with parking lot and vacant portion suitable for development along Palm Street frontage. 3 Moderate & Above 7 R-2 001-141-013 X < 15% 7,620 0.175 12 2.10 One SFR with room for more development at back of lot. 1 Moderate & Above 7 R-2 001-141-014 X < 15% 7,670 0.176 12 2.10 One SFR with room for more development at back of lot. 1 Moderate & Above 7 R-1-S 001-270-002 X 21-25% 22,300 0.512 2 1.00 Vacant developable lot on sensitive site 1 Moderate & Above 7 R-1-S 001-270-004 X 21-25% 15,290 0.351 2 0.70 Vacant developable lot on sensitive site 1 Moderate & Above Subtotal – Subarea 7 130,720 3.000 24.57 22 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E15 Subarea Zone Assessor’s Parcel Number Vacant Under-Utilized Blighted Avg. Slope Square Feet Acres Density units per acre Max. Res. Capacity, density units Constraints to Development / Existing Conditions Realistic # of Dwelling Units Income Category 8 R-2 001-214-001 X < 15% 10,760 0.247 12 3.00 One SFR on half of corner lot with room for additional development. 2 Moderate & Above 8 R-2-H 002-316-016 X < 15% 13,330 0.306 12 3.67 Contributing historic property, half vacant and developable 2 Moderate & Above 8 C-R 002-331-012, 002-331-001, 002-331-018 X < 15% 38,860 0.892 36 32.10 Existing car dealership. Located in the Upper Monterey Special Focus Area that is identified as an area for high density residential development according to the Land Use Element. 24 Low & Very Low 8 O 002-331-017 X < 15% 5,970 0.137 12 2.00 Surface parking lot suitable for additional development. 2 Moderate & Above 8 C-R 002-436-005, 002-436-008 X < 15% 25,130 0.577 36 20.77 Large surface parking lot with small commercial buildings. Located in Upper Monterey Special Focus Area that is identified for high density residential development. 15 Low & Very Low 8 C-R 002-437-028 X < 15% 42,080 0.966 36 34.78 Commercial building & parking lot 26 Low & Very Low 8 R-2 002-455-002 X < 15% 10,980 0.252 12 3.00 One SFR with room for additional development at back of lot. 2 Moderate & Above Subtotal – Subarea 8 344,740 7.913 133.65 102 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E16 Subarea Zone Assessor’s Parcel Number Vacant Under-Utilized Blighted Avg. Slope Square Feet Acres Density units per acre Max. Res. Capacity, density units Constraints to Development / Existing Conditions Realistic # of Dwelling Units Income Category 9 R-4 002-297-046 X < 15% 6,010 0.138 24 4.00 Vacant developable lot. 4 Low & Very Low 9 O 002-313-013 X < 15% 7,620 0.175 12 2.10 One SFR on rear of lot, space for more development in front. 1 Moderate & Above 9 R-2-S 002-392-011 X < 15% 31,190 0.716 12 8.60 Vacant developable lot 8 Moderate & Above 9 R-1-S 002-392-028 X 16-20% 9,630 0.221 4 0.88 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 9 C-R 002-402-029 X < 15% 23,170 0.532 36 19.15 SFR with duplex and parking lot, structures over 50 years old. 14 Low & Very Low 9 C-D 002-402-034 X < 15% 17,770 0.408 36 14.69 Commercial building with two parking lots. 7 Low & Very Low 9 C-D-H 002-415-008 X < 15% 10,060 0.231 36 8.32 Historic structure and site (Ah Louis Store). Subject to Mills Act Preservation. 3 Low & Very Low 9 C-D-H 002-432-009 X < 15% 8,760 0.201 36 7.24 Surface parking lot. Creek setback requirements. 5 Low & Very Low 9 C-D-H 002-432-012 X < 15% 5,270 0.121 36 4.36 Surface parking lot behind 2 story office/retail structure. 3 Low & Very Low 9 C-D 002-435-023 X < 15% 12,590 0.289 36 10.40 Parking lot. Creek setback required for new development. 8 Low & Very Low 9 C-R 002-511-022 X < 15% 9,280 0.213 36 7.67 Vacant lot. Creek setback required for new development. 4 Low & Very Low 9 C-R 003-511-005 X < 15% 14,290 0.328 36 11.80 SFR with duplex and surface parking lot. 3 Low & Very Low 9 C-D 003-511-009 X < 15% 10,850 0.249 36 8.96 2 Commercial buildings with small parking lot 7 Low & Very Low 9 C-D 003-511-027 X < 15% 10,720 0.246 36 8.86 Commercial building with small parking lot 5 Low & Very Low Subtotal – Subarea 9 177,210 4.068 117.03 73 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E17 Subarea Zone Assessor’s Parcel Number Vacant Under-Utilized Blighted Avg. Slope Square Feet Acres Density units per acre Max. Res. Capacity, density units Constraints to Development / Existing Conditions Realistic # of Dwelling Units Income Category 10 C-S 002-503-008 X < 15% 17,210 0.395 24 9.48 3 SFR on half the lot. Space for additional development. 4 Low & Very Low 10 C-S 002-503-014 X <15% 7,490 0.172 24 4.13 Parking lot suitable for development 3 Low & Very Low 10 C-S 002-503-016 X <15% 4,620 0.106 24 2.54 Parking lot suitable for development 2 Low & Very Low 10 C-S 002-505-006 X < 15% 21,340 0.490 24 11.76 Master list historic structure with large surface parking lot. 6 Low & Very Low 10 C-D 003-525-003 X < 15% 5,270 0.121 36 4.36 Surface parking lot 3 Low & Very Low 10 O 003-525-005, 003-525-011 X < 15% 17,820 0.409 12 4.90 Commercial building with surface parking lot, developable 3 Moderate & Above 10 C-D 003-525-012 X < 15% 15,770 0.362 36 13.00 Surface parking lot 10 Low & Very Low 10 O 003-528-022 X < 15% 12,500 0.287 12 3.44 Historic structure on half of lot. suitable for more development 2 Moderate & Above 10 R-2-H 003-534-011 X < 15% 7,270 0.167 12 2.00 Vacant developable lot 2 Moderate & Above 10 R-2-H 003-538-014 X < 15% 7,620 0.175 12 2.10 Contributing historic structure on rear of property 1 Moderate & Above 10 R-2-H 003-542-001 X < 15% 6,140 0.141 12 2.00 Contributing historic structure, lot corner is developable 1 Moderate & Above 10 R-3-H 003-542-006 X < 15% 5,400 0.124 20 3.00 Contributing historic structure on corner lot. Space for more dev. 2 Low & Very Low 10 R-3-H 003-551-011 X < 15% 38,770 0.890 20 17.80 3 SFR on creek site, contributing historic structures on site. 13 Low & Very Low 10 R-2 003-625-015 X < 15% 36,420 0.836 12 10.00 Non-conforming commercial use w/ outdoor storage, developable 8 Moderate & Above 10 C-S 003-748-016 X < 15% 14,810 0.340 24 8.16 Three commercial structures with space for redevelopment. 5 Low & Very Low Subtotal – Subarea 10 218,450 5.015 98.67 65 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E18 Subarea Zone Assessor’s Parcel Number Vacant Under-Utilized Blighted Avg. Slope Square Feet Acres Density units per acre Max. Res. Capacity, density units Constraints to Development / Existing Conditions Realistic # of Dwelling Units Income Category 11 R-2 003-722-011 X < 15% 13,630 0.313 12 3.76 SFR on property with rear lot street access 2 Moderate & Above 11 R-2 003-724-013 X < 15% 4,920 0.113 12 2.00 Surface parking lot. 2 Moderate & Above 11 R-2 003-732-013 X < 15% 22,390 0.514 12 6.17 SFR on corner lot, suitable for additional development 3 Moderate & Above 11 R-2 003-732-016 X < 15% 10,280 0.236 12 2.83 SFR on corner lot, suitable for additional development 1 Moderate & Above 11 R-2 003-733-010 X < 15% 7,230 0.166 12 2.00 SFR at rear of lot, suitable for additional development 1 Moderate & Above 11 R-2 003-735-001 X X < 15% 6,880 0.158 12 2.00 SFR on corner lot, suitable for redevelopment 1 Moderate & Above 11 R-2 003-739-001 X < 15% 9,280 0.213 12 2.56 SFR on lot w 2 street frontages, suitable for more development 2 Moderate & Above 11 R-2 003-739-003 X < 15% 9,060 0.208 12 2.50 Vacant developable lot 2 Moderate & Above 11 R-2 003-739-027 X < 15% 4,570 0.105 12 2.00 Vacant developable lot 2 Moderate & Above 11 R-2 003-739-029 X < 15% 7,880 0.181 12 2.17 SFR on lot w 2 street frontages, suitable for more development 1 Moderate & Above 11 R-2 003-741-017 X < 15% 7,540 0.173 12 2.10 SFR at rear of lot, suitable for additional development 1 Moderate & Above 11 C-N 003-743-001 X X < 15% 19,650 0.451 12 5.40 SFR and commercial structure on property. 3 Moderate & Above 11 R-2 003-749-032 X < 15% 8,930 0.205 12 2.46 SFR on lot w 2 street frontages, suitable for more development 1 Moderate & Above 11 C-T-S, C/OS-20 004-511-001 X < 15% 253,950 5.830 12 69.96 vacant/open space - Madonna Event Space 50 Moderate & Above 11 C-R- MU 004-741-001 X < 15% 18,770 0.431 36 15.50 1 SFR & commercial structures next to creek, developable 12 Low & Very Low 11 C-R- MU 004-741-008 X < 15% 17,690 0.406 36 14.60 5 units on site with creek, suitable for more development. 4 Low & Very Low City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E19 Subarea Zone Assessor’s Parcel Number Vacant Under-Utilized Blighted Avg. Slope Square Feet Acres Density units per acre Max. Res. Capacity, density units Constraints to Development / Existing Conditions Realistic # of Dwelling Units Income Category 11 C-R- MU 004-511-020 X < 15% 36,500 0.838 24 20.10 Caltrans site suitable for mixed use development. Identified in the Land Use Element as a special focus area for redevelopment, mixed-use with high density residential. Building heights adjustments can be considered with mixed-use development. 15 Low & Very Low Subtotal – Subarea 11 422,650 10.540 158.11 103 12 R-1 002-352-014 X < 15% 56,150 1.289 7 9.00 SFR on large lot, suitable for more development, requires subdivision for more dev. 2 Moderate & Above 12 R-1 002-352-021 X <15% 30,970 0.711 7 5.00 Vacant developable lot, requires subdivision for more dev. 4 Moderate & Above 12 R-1-S 002-354-009 X 16-20% 28,050 0.644 4 2.60 Vacant lot in subdivided tract 1 Moderate & Above 12 R-1-S 002-354-016 X 21-25% 15,550 0.357 2 0.70 Vacant lot in subdivided tract 1 Moderate & Above 12 R-1 003-591-003 X 16-20% 101,710 2.335 4 9.34 1 SFR surrounded by a large undeveloped lot 8 Moderate & Above 12 PF, C-OS, R-1, R-2 003-601-007 X < 15% 144,620 3.320 7 23.24 County owned property, suitable for development 18 Moderate & Above 12 R-1 003-602-003 X < 15% 7,100 0.163 7 1.14 Vacant lot in subdivided tract 1 Moderate & Above 12 R-1 003-602-004 X < 15% 7,540 0.173 7 1.20 Vacant lot in subdivided tract 1 Moderate & Above 12 R-1 003-602-005 X 16-20% 60,070 1.379 4 5.50 Vacant lot in subdivided tract 1 Moderate & Above Subtotal – Subarea 12 451,760 10.370 57.72 37 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E20 Subarea Zone Assessor’s Parcel Number Vacant Under-Utilized Blighted Avg. Slope Square Feet Acres Density units per acre Max. Res. Capacity, density units Constraints to Development / Existing Conditions Realistic # of Dwelling Units Income Category 13 R-1 003-703-064 X < 15% 7,930 0.182 7 1.27 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 13 R-1 003-703-068 X < 15% 16,340 0.375 7 2.63 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 13 R-1 003-703-069 X < 15% 14,370 0.330 7 2.30 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 13 R-1 003-771-011 X < 15% 35,240 0.809 7 5.66 Vacant developable lot, requires subdividing of lot 3 Moderate & Above 13 R-1 004-392-024 X 21-25% 12,200 0.280 2 0.56 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 13 R-1 004-392-025 X 16-20% 12,410 0.285 4 1.14 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 13 R-1 004-392-034 X 21-25% 56,760 1.303 2 2.60 SFR on lot with creek, with room for more development, requires subdivision of lot 1 Moderate & Above 13 R-1 004-523-016 X < 15% 24,960 0.573 7 4.00 SFR on lot with room for additional development and requires subdivision for additional development 2 Moderate & Above 13 R-1 004-523-024 X < 15% 7,970 0.183 7 1.28 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 13 R-1-S 004-751-010 X 16-20% 221,460 5.084 4 20.34 Vacant developable lot, requires subdividing of lot 2 Moderate & Above 13 R-1 004-993-001 X < 15% 29,230 0.671 7 4.70 Surface parking, suitable for future development, requires subdivision for development 2 Moderate & Above 13 R-1 004-993-002 X < 15% 33,240 0.763 7 5.34 Surface parking, suitable for future development, requires subdivision for development 2 Moderate & Above Subtotal – Subarea 13 472,110 10.837 51.82 18 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E21 Subarea Zone Assessor’s Parcel Number Vacant Under-Utilized Blighted Avg. Slope Square Feet Acres Density units per acre Max. Res. Capacity, density units Constraints to Development / Existing Conditions Realistic # of Dwelling Units Income Category 14 R-2-S 003-571-014 X < 15% 46,260 1.062 12 12.74 SFR on lot, creek setback will be required, suitable for additional development 6 Moderate & Above 14 R-2 003-653-018 X < 15% 15,250 0.350 12 4.20 2 Shed structures, suitable for development 3 Moderate & Above 14 R-2-S 003-656-009 X X < 15% 7,580 0.174 12 2.10 Blighted SFR, suitable for redevelopment 1 Moderate & Above 14 R-2-S 003-656-010 X X < 15% 8,760 0.201 12 2.40 Blighted SFR, suitable for redevelopment 1 Moderate & Above 14 R-1 003-661-025 X X 16-20% 17,380 0.399 4 1.60 Blighted SFR, suitable for redevelopment 1 Moderate & Above 14 R-2 003-664-023 X 21-25% 10,930 0.251 4 2.00 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 14 PF 003-682-042 X < 15% 154,510 3.547 12 42.56 County health building on half of lot. Undeveloped half of the site suitable for development. 22 Moderate & Above 14 R-2 003-682-043 X < 15% 26,960 0.619 12 7.43 Surface parking lot, suitable for additional development 6 Moderate & Above 14 R-1 004-972-069 X < 15% 15,380 0.353 7 2.47 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above Subtotal – Subarea 14 303,010 6.955 77.50 42 15 R-2 004-961-061 X < 15% 76,670 1.760 12 21.12 Vacant lot (former site of a building which has burned down), suitable for future dev. 15 Moderate & Above Subtotal – Subarea 15 76,670 1.760 21.12 15 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E22 Subarea Zone Assessor’s Parcel Number Vacant Under-Utilized Blighted Avg. Slope Square Feet Acres Density units per acre Max. Res. Capacity, density units Constraints to Development / Existing Conditions Realistic # of Dwelling Units Income Category 16 C-R-SF 004-921-010 X < 15% 8,490 0.195 24 4.68 Surface parking lot 4 Low & Very Low 16 C-S-SF 004-923-015 X < 15% 11,150 0.256 24 6.14 One commercial building on site with room for more development 5 Low & Very Low 16 C-R-SF 004-925-012 X < 15% 11,280 0.259 24 6.22 SFR with room for additional development 4 Low & Very Low 16 C-R-SF 004-925-014 X < 15% 6,320 0.145 24 3.50 SFR with room for additional development 2 Low & Very Low 16 C-S-SF, C-R-SF 053-195-003 X < 15% 46,570 1.069 24 25.66 1 structure onsite, large parking area. Suitable for development. 15 Low & Very Low 16 C-S-SF, C-R-SF 053-196-004 X < 15% 54,490 1.251 24 30.00 1 commercial structure, parking lot, and vacant developable area 23 Low & Very Low 16 M 053-201-012 X < 15% 40,340 0.926 24 22.22 Surface parking lot, suitable for development. 17 Low & Very Low 16 M 053-202-014 X < 15% 40,120 0.921 24 22.10 One SFR, suitable for additional development. 12 Low & Very Low 16 C-S 053-202-025 X < 15% 16,600 0.381 24 9.14 Commercial structure with large surface parking area. 5 Low & Very Low Subtotal – Subarea 16 235,360 5.402 129.66 87 17 R-2-S 004-582-006 X < 15% 74,840 1.718 12 20.62 SFR on a hillside lot with street access 15 Moderate & Above 17 R-2-S 004-584-011 X 16-20% 40,730 0.935 6 5.60 Vacant developable lot 4 Moderate & Above 17 M, C/OS-40 004-881-002 X < 15% 148,060 3.399 24 81.60 Commercial structure, creek on site, suitable for more dev. 41 Low & Very Low 17 R-1 004-903-023 X < 15% 7,140 0.164 7 1.15 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 17 R-1-PD 004-945-024 X 21-25% 5,010 0.115 2 0.23 Vacant developable lot, steep hillside lot 1 Moderate & Above Subtotal – Subarea 17 275,780 6.330 109.20 62 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E23 Subarea Zone Assessor’s Parcel Number Vacant Under-Utilized Blighted Avg. Slope Square Feet Acres Density units per acre Max. Res. Capacity, density units Constraints to Development / Existing Conditions Realistic # of Dwelling Units Income Category 19 R-1 004-371-004 X < 15% 7,620 0.175 7 1.23 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above Subtotal – Subarea 19 7,620 0.175 1.23 1 21 M 053-063-014 X < 15% 12,370 0.284 24 6.82 Vacant developable lot. 3 Low & Very Low 21 C-S-S 053-221-018 X < 15% 21,260 0.488 24 11.70 Underdeveloped. One SFR, site developable, limitations for development b/c of creek setbacks (creek through site). 4 Low & Very Low 21 C-S-S 053-221-027 X < 15% 14,240 0.327 24 7.85 Underdeveloped 1 SFR suitable for dev., limitations for dev. b/c of creek setbacks (creek on site) 3 Low & Very Low 21 C-S-S 053-221-037 X < 15% 21,300 0.489 24 11.74 Underdeveloped 1 SFR suitable for dev., limitations for dev. b/c of creek setbacks (creek on site) 4 Low & Very Low 21 M-S 053-231-015 X < 15% 98,530 2.262 24 54.29 4 commercial structures on half of lot, developable 27 Low & Very Low 21 C-S 053-231-044 X <15% 49,220 1.130 24 27.12 Unimproved parking lot, suitable for development. 20 Low & Very Low Subtotal – Subarea 21 216,920 4.979 119.52 61 22 R-1-SP 053-411-012 X X < 15% 20,910 0.480 7 3.36 Blighted SFR structure, suitable for dev., requires subdivision 2 Moderate & Above 22 R-1-SP, C/OS-10 053-411-013 X <15% 72,310 1.660 7 11.60 1 SFR, dev. will require creek setbacks and subdividing 6 Moderate & Above 22 C-S 053-411-017 X < 15% 6,660 0.153 24 3.67 Vacant developable lot. New dev. requires creek setbacks. 3 Low & Very Low 22 R-1 SP 053-411-018, 053-411-014 X X < 15% 152,070 3.491 7 24.44 3 SFRs & 2 storage structures, developable, requires subdivision 18 Moderate & Above Subtotal – Subarea 22 251,950 5.783 43.07 29 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E24 Subarea Zone Assessor’s Parcel Number Vacant Under-Utilized Blighted Avg. Slope Square Feet Acres Density units per acre Max. Res. Capacity, density units Constraints to Development / Existing Conditions Realistic # of Dwelling Units Income Category 24 C-C-SF 053-041-025 X < 15% 1,133,870 26.030 36 937.10 Sunset drive-in, suitable for future development, but limited by flooding, creek preservation, historic preservation, and location within an airplane flight path. Identified in the Land Use Element for mixed-use dev. 140 Low & Very Low 24 O-SF 053-041-078 X X < 15% 94,870 2.178 12 26.14 Currently non-conforming junk yard with 4 SFR. Identified in the Land Use Element update for mixed-use development. 15 Moderate & Above 24 C-S 053-051-060, lots 060 - 065 X < 15% 60,980 1.400 24 33.60 Site contains 11 units, driveways & parking lots, and vacant areas. Suitable for development. 15 Low & Very Low Subtotal – Subarea 24 1,289,720 29.607 996.84 170 25 R-2-SF, C/OS-20 053-141-013 X < 15% 296,160 6.799 12 81.60 Residentially zoned part of site suitable for future development. Site considerations include flood mitigation, creek preservation, agricultural preservation, and traffic circulation. See Land Use Element for more information. 40 Moderate & Above 25 R-1-SF, C/OS-10 053-161-020 X < 15% 319,430 7.333 7 51.33 Inside urban reserve, suitable for future development. Site considerations include flood mitigation, creek preservation, agricultural preservation, and traffic circulation. See Land Use Element for more information. 12 Moderate & Above Subtotal – Subarea 25 615,590 14.131 132.93 52 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E25 Subarea Zone Assessor’s Parcel Number Vacant Under-Utilized Blighted Avg. Slope Square Feet Acres Density units per acre Max. Res. Capacity, density units Constraints to Development / Existing Conditions Realistic # of Dwelling Units Income Category 26 R-1-S 053-116-032 X < 15% 10,280 0.236 7 1.65 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 26 R-1-S 053-116-034 X < 15% 12,330 0.283 7 2.00 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 26 R-1-S 053-116-035 X < 15% 11,280 0.259 7 1.80 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 26 R-1-S 053-116-047 X < 15% 9,580 0.220 7 1.54 Vacant developable lot 1 Moderate & Above 26 C-R 053-510-012 X < 15% 318,730 7.317 36 263.40 Vacant lot behind Home Depot. 132 Low & Very Low Subtotal – Subarea 26 362,200 8.314 270.39 136 Vacant - Low & Very Low 445,580 10.2 339.2 185 Vacant - Moderate & Above 2,240,900 51.4 302.9 155 Underutilized - Low & Very Low 2,145,150 49.2 1,566.9 515 Underutilized - Moderate & Above 3,817,950 87.6 577.5 345 Total 8,649,580 198.5 2,786.5 1,200 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E26 Table E - 3: Residential Capacity by Parcel and Specific Plan Area Subarea Zone Assessor’s Parcel Number Vacant Under-Utilized Blighted Avg. Slope Square Feet Acres Density units per acre Max. Res. Capacity, density units Constraints to Development / Existing Conditions Realistic # of Dwelling Units Income Category 18 R-3-SP 053-431-002 X < 15% 305,800 7.020 20 140.40 Underutilized, mostly vacant land with 4 residential structures. 126 Low & Very Low 18 C-N-SP 053-431-002 X < 15% 135,900 3.120 12 37.45 Underutilized, mostly vacant land with 4 residential structures. 33 Moderate & Above 18 O-SP 053-431-002 X < 15% 65,350 1.500 12 18.00 Underutilized, mostly vacant land with 4 residential structures. 15 Moderate & Above 18 R-2-SP 053-431-002 X < 15% 919,550 21.110 12 253.30 Underutilized, mostly vacant land with 4 residential structures. 228 Moderate & Above 18 R-1-SP 053-431-002 X < 15% 237,850 5.460 7 38.20 Underutilized, mostly vacant land with 4 residential structures. 34 Moderate & Above 18 C-R-SP 053-431-003 X < 15% 39,650 0.910 36 32.75 Underutilized, mostly vacant land with 1 residential structure. 24 Low & Very Low 18 R-3-SP 053-431-003 X < 15% 25,250 0.580 20 11.60 Underutilized, mostly vacant land with 1 residential structure. 10 Low & Very Low 18 R-2-SP 053-431-003 X < 15% 83,650 1.920 12 23.00 Underutilized, mostly vacant land with 1 residential structure. 17 Moderate & Above Subtotal – Margarita Area Specific Plan (Area 18) 1,813,000 41.620 554.70 487 20 R-4-SP 067-121-022 X < 15% 479,150 11.000 24 264.00 Vacant developable lot. 246 Low & Very Low 20 R-2-SP 067-121-022 X < 15% 318,000 7.300 12 87.60 Vacant developable lot. 104 Moderate & Above 20 R-1-SP 067-121-022 X < 15% 936,550 21.500 7 150.50 Vacant developable lot. 230 Moderate & Above Subtotal – San Luis Ranch Specific Plan (Area 20) 1,733,700 39.800 502.10 580 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E27 Subarea Zone Assessor’s Parcel Number Vacant Under-Utilized Blighted Avg. Slope Square Feet Acres Density units per acre Max. Res. Capacity, density units Constraints to Development / Existing Conditions Realistic # of Dwelling Units Income Category 21 R-2-SP 004-705-003 X < 15% 35,950 0.825 12 9.90 Underutilized lot with 2 residential structures. 8 Moderate & Above 21 R-2-SP 004-705-004 X < 15% 47,800 1.097 12 13.15 Underutilized lot with 1 residential structure. 11 Moderate & Above 21 R-2-SP 004-705-006 X < 15% 87,050 1.998 12 24.00 Underutilized lot with 3 residential structures. 18 Moderate & Above 21 R-1-SP 004-705-007 X < 15% 43,600 1.001 7 7.00 Underutilized lot with 2 residential structures. 4 Moderate & Above 21 R-3-SP 004-705-010, 004-705-011 X < 15% 237,400 5.450 20 109.00 Underutilized lot with 2 residential structures. 82 Low & Very Low 21 R-1-SP 004-706-003 X < 15% 596,200 13.687 7 95.80 Underutilized lot with 3 residential structures. 45 Moderate & Above Subtotal – Orcutt Area Specific Plan (Area 21) 1,048,000 24.058 258.85 168 23 R-4-SP 053-259-008, 053-259-011, 053-259-012 X < 15% 191,650 4.400 24 105.60 Vacant developable lot. 125 Low & Very Low 23 R-3-SP 053-259-008, 053-259-011, 053-259-012 X < 15% 470,450 10.800 20 216.00 Vacant developable lot. 197 Low & Very Low 23 R-2-SP 053-259-008, 053-259-011, 053-259-012 X < 15% 1,189,200 27.300 12 327.60 Vacant developable lot. 297 Moderate & Above 23 R-1-SP 053-259-008, 053-259-011, 053-259-012 X < 15% 557,500 12.800 7 89.60 Vacant developable lot. 101 Moderate & Above Subtotal – Avila Ranch Planning Area (Area 23) 2,408,800 55.300 738.80 720 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 E28 Subarea Zone Assessor’s Parcel Number Vacant Under-Utilized Blighted Avg. Slope Square Feet Acres Density units per acre Max. Res. Capacity, density units Constraints to Development / Existing Conditions Realistic # of Dwelling Units Income Category Vacant - Low & Very Low 662,100 15.2 321.6 322 Vacant - Moderate & Above 1,746,700 40.1 417.2 398 Underutilized - Low & Very Low 1,087,250 25.0 557.8 488 Underutilized - Moderate & Above 3,507,450 80.5 757.9 747 Total 7,003,500 160.8 2,054.5 1,955 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 F1 Appendix F Affordable Housing ______________________________________________________________________________ 1. Purpose The City has prepared this document to describe and quantify the supply and location of affordable housing within the City of San Luis Obispo. Affordable dwellings are summarized according to affordability level, affordability program and occupancy types. 2. Definitions Affordability Level This document lists dwellings deemed affordable under City standards to extremely-low, very- low, low, and moderate-income persons. Income level categories are based on the percentage of the county median income, as follows: • Extremely Low: 30% or Less • Very Low: 31 to 50% • Low: 51% to 80% • Moderate: 81% to 120% • Above Moderate: 121% or Higher Affordability Program Affordability program refers to the organization/program used to create or manage the affordable housing unit. The various affordability programs in the City include Building Equity and Growth in Neighborhoods (BEGIN), Housing Authority of San Luis Obispo (HASLO), U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), City Inclusionary Housing and State/Federal Tax Credit projects. The affordability term varies depending on the organization/program used to create or manage the affordable housing unit. Occupancy Type Inclusionary housing units are those units that have been created due to inclusionary housing requirements imposed upon developments of five or more units. According to the terms of inclusionary housing agreements, these units typically must remain affordable for a certain period time before they may be sold at market rate prices. Some of the City’s older agreements have a 30-year deed restriction, but the most recent agreement terms are 45-years for for-sale (including equity share) and 55 years for rentals. These regulations were implemented in order to create and maintain more affordable units within the community. The affordability term was established to preserve a unit’s affordability over the longest period possible to maximize public benefits from the Inclusionary Program. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 F2 3. Housing Type For ease of mapping, housing types were classified as either owner or rental. Ownership units typically include single-family residences and condominiums. Rental units typically include apartments and group housing. Descriptions of each housing type are as follows: • Single Family Residences (SFRs) are individually owned dwelling units intended to be occupied by a single household. • Condominiums (condos) are complexes of individually owned dwelling units within a larger building occupied by more than one household, where common areas are jointly owned. • Apartments are characterized as complexes of dwelling units rented out to tenants within a larger building occupied by more than one household. • Group Housing includes dwelling units where groups of non-related persons reside together. The following tables provide a summary of the City’s affordable housing units broken down by income level, program type and tenure. As of June 2020, there are 1,306 affordable housing units in the City. Figures F-1, F-2, and F-3 below show the locations these affordable housing units. Table F - 1: Affordable Housing Units by Income Level, 2020 Affordability Level Number of Units Extremely Low 29 Very Low 256 Low 929 Moderate 92 Total Units 1,306 Source: Community Development Department 2020 Table F - 2: Affordable Housing Units by Program, 2020 Affordable Program Number of Units HASLO 697 HUD 345 Inclusionary 264 Total 1,306 Source: Community Development Department 2020 Table F - 3: Affordable Housing Units by Tenure, 2020 Tenure Number of Units Owner 79 Renter 1,227 Total 1,306 Source: Community Development Department 2020 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 F3 4. Affordable Unit Inventory Table F - 4: Inventory of Deed Restricted Affordable Housing Units, 2020 ID APN Units Program Affordability Level Occupancy Type Address 1 004-982-041 16 HASLO Low Renter 2929 AUGUSTA 2 003-601-006 34 HASLO Multi Renter 1600 BISHOP 3 003-739-031 8 HASLO Low Renter 441 BRANCH 4 002-304-032 9 HASLO Low Renter 649 BRANCH 5 002-304-032 30 HASLO Low Renter 611 BRIZZOLARA 6 053-231-047 46 HASLO Multi Renter 3680 BROAD 7 003-513-019 19 HASLO Low Renter 1312 CARMEL 8 003-682-041 41 HASLO Low Renter 1325 ELLA 9 003-736-014 3 HASLO Low Renter 2126 HARRIS 10 001-043-031 20 HASLO Low Renter 508 HATHWAY 11 003-612-032 6 HASLO Low Renter 228 HIGH 12 003-625-016 8 HASLO Low Renter 478 HIGH 13 002-427-001 30 HASLO Multi Renter 849 HIGUERA S 14 053-263-091 15 HASLO Low Renter 4280 HIGUERA S 15 004-951-021 20 HASLO Multi Renter 860 HUMBERT 16 053-091-029 20 HASLO Low Renter 1102 IRONBARK 17 003-555-027 20 HASLO Low Renter 1175 ISLAY 18 004-961-047 24 HASLO Low Renter 1105 LAUREL 19 004-972-036 1 HASLO Low Renter 1480 LAUREL 20 003-622-016 18 HASLO Low Renter 456 LEFF 21 004-422-033 20 HASLO Low Renter 11650 LOS OSOS VALLEY 22 053-182-027 21 HASLO Low Renter 210 MARGARITA 23 002-431-005 68 HASLO Low Renter 955 MONTEREY 24 052-012-025 1 HASLO Low Renter 147 PATRICIA 25 002-454-017 11 HASLO Low Renter 1363 PISMO 26 053-083-002 20 HASLO Low Renter 4035 POINSETTIA 27 053-102-026 8 HASLO Low Renter 1497 ROYAL 28 003-659-008 21 HASLO Low Renter 1820 SANTA BARBARA Units 201-211, 301-311 29 004-811-039 43 HASLO Multi Renter 313 SOUTH 30 004-962-020 34 HASLO Very Low Renter 1045 SOUTHWOOD 31 004-573-003 3 HASLO Low Renter 1240 SOUTHWOOD 32 004-784-005 1 HASLO Very Low Renter 1379 SYDNEY 33 003-562-007 20 HASLO Low Renter 1600 TORO 34 003-644-014 3 HASLO Low Renter 711 UPHAM 35 053-433-051 36 HASLO Multi Renter 3175 VIOLET 36 004-981-019 107 HUD Low Renter 3000 AUGUSTA 37 004-972-064 32 HUD Very Low Renter 3042 AUGUSTA 38 002-392-017 5 HUD Very Low Renter 537 BRIZZOLARA 39 004-845-009 41 HUD Multi Renter 2240 EMILY City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 F4 40 053-034-065 28 HUD Multi Renter 3071 HIGUERA S 41 003-544-017 9 HUD Multi Renter 1062 ISLAY 42 053-102-025 120 HUD Low Renter 1550 MADONNA 43 004-583-059 1 HUD Very Low Owner 3208 ROCKVIEW 44 004-583-060 1 HUD Very Low Owner 3210 ROCKVIEW 45 004-583-061 1 HUD Very Low Owner 3212 ROCKVIEW 46 004-985-003 1 Inclusionary Moderate Renter 3051 AUGUSTA Unit #17 47 003-749-005 6 Inclusionary Low Renter 527 BRANCH 48 004-812-003 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 215 BRIDGE 49 004-583-055 1 Inclusionary Low Renter 3077 BROAD 50 004-583-034 8 Inclusionary Low Renter 3229 BROAD 51 053-234-019 1 Inclusionary Very Low Renter 3592 BROAD 52 053-234-022 1 Inclusionary Very Low Renter 3594 BROAD 53 053-234-025 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 3596 BROAD 54 053-061-057 68 Inclusionary Multi Renter 3750 BULLOCK 55 004-921-026 3 Inclusionary Very Low Renter 774 CAUDILL 56 052-174-052 4 Inclusionary Very Low Renter 22 CHORRO Units 210, 211, 310, 311 57 053-514-029 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1963 DEVAUL RANCH 58 053-514-030 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1965 DEVAUL RANCH 59 003-663-030 1 Inclusionary Very Low Owner 1043 ELLA Unit #8 60 003-663-032 1 Inclusionary Very Low Owner 1043 ELLA Unit #10 61 003-663-015 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1075 ELLA Unit #3 62 003-663-019 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1079 ELLA Unit #7 63 053-511-035 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1582 ETO 64 053-511-033 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1586 ETO 65 053-511-032 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1588 ETO 66 053-511-031 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1590 ETO 67 053-511-029 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1594 ETO 68 053-511-028 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1596 ETO 69 053-511-027 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1598 ETO 70 053-514-008 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1724 FARRIER 71 003-566-028 1 Inclusionary Moderate Renter 1717 FIXLINI 72 052-041-084 12 Inclusionary Very Low Renter 790 FOOTHILL 73 053-513-013 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1645 FOREMAN 74 053-513-025 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1664 FOREMAN 75 053-513-024 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1680 FOREMAN 76 004-611-032 2 Inclusionary Very Low Renter 1469 GALLEON 77 003-731-005 4 Inclusionary Very Low Renter 345 HIGH 78 052-443-009 1 Inclusionary Low Owner 214 HIGHLAND City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 F5 79 053-034-063 2 Inclusionary Low Renter 3053 HIGUERA S 80 053-034-063 1 Inclusionary Moderate Renter 3053 HIGUERA S 81 004-953-026 28 Inclusionary Multi Owner 851 HUMBERT 82 053-198-043 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 811 LAWRENCE 83 053-198-031 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 913 LAWRENCE 84 003-512-019 2 Inclusionary Moderate Renter 475 MARSH Units 353 & 358 85 003-551-001 3 Inclusionary Low Renter 1604 MORRO Units 1, 4 & 6 86 003-522-001 8 Inclusionary Low Renter 1306 NIPOMO 87 053-222-007 3 Inclusionary Multi Renter 791 ORCUTT 88 053-203-002 1 Inclusionary Moderate Renter 950 ORCUTT 89 004-712-080 10 Inclusionary Multi Renter 1299 ORCUTT 90 004-705-005 5 Inclusionary Moderate Both 3725 ORCUTT 91 002-442-013 1 Inclusionary Very Low Renter 1321 OSOS Unit #230 92 001-223-008 1 Inclusionary Very Low Renter 1314 PALM Unit #104 93 001-124-025 1 Inclusionary Very Low Owner 1320 PHILLIPS 94 001-124-026 1 Inclusionary Very Low Owner 1324 PHILLIPS 95 001-133-014 1 Inclusionary Moderate Renter 1435 PHILLIPS Unit E 96 003-661-027 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 940 RACHEL 97 004-588-020 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 2975 ROCKVIEW Unit #19 98 004-587-015 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 3090 ROCKVIEW 99 053-235-003 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 3591 SACRAMENTO Unit #10 100 053-234-068 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 3591 SACRAMENTO Unit #59 101 003-743-009 1 Inclusionary Low Renter 564 SANDERCOCK Unit #5 102 052-136-034 1 Inclusionary Moderate Renter 2302 SANTA YNEZ Unit A 103 053-514-041 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1712 SINGLETREE 104 004-966-033 1 Inclusionary Moderate Renter 1023 SOUTHWOOD Unit C 105 004-967-048 1 Inclusionary Moderate Renter 1037 SOUTHWOOD Unit B 106 053-513-042 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1800 SPOONER 107 001-042-022 1 Inclusionary Low Renter 1340 TAFT Unit #130 108 053-067-032 2 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 980 TARRAGON 109 053-067-033 2 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 984 TARRAGON 110 053-513-031 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1651 TONINI City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 F6 111 053-513-033 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1683 TONINI 112 053-513-041 25 Inclusionary Multi Renter 1704 TONINI 113 053-513-035 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1715 TONINI 114 053-514-042 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1773 TONINI 115 053-514-043 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1775 TONINI 116 053-514-054 13 Inclusionary Multi Renter 1796 TONINI 117 053-514-053 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1799 TONINI 118 053-198-007 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 2862 VICTORIA 119 001-207-027 1 Inclusionary Moderate Owner 1144 WALNUT Unit #7 Source: City of San Luis Obispo Community Development Department Inventory 2020 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 F7 Source: Community Development Department, 2020 Figure F - 1: Map of Affordable Housing Units by Tenure, 2020 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 F8 Source: Community Development Department, 2020 Figure F - 2: Map of Affordable Housing Units by Income Level, 2020 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 F9 Source: Community Development Department, 2020 Figure F - 3: Map of Affordable Housing Units by Program, 2020 City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 G1 Appendix G Public Outreach ______________________________________________________________________________ Updating the Housing Element has been a community effort, involving public participation solicited through workshops, online surveys, legal notices, email lists, website information, stakeholder meetings, and public hearings. Over the past year, the City conducted wide-ranging public outreach to identify housing needs, issues and opportunities in the community. The primary goals of the outreach effort were to: 1. Actively engage the diverse populations of the City in discussions about housing needs. 2. Ensure that affected residents, housing providers, homeless services providers, and funding entities have opportunities to be actively involved in the process. The City facilitated eight presentations, meetings, online surveys, and a public workshop over the past year. The Housing Element’s policies and programs represent a wide range of community perspectives on housing, including residents, housing consumers, non-profit housing organizations, developers, realtors, chamber of commerce, downtown businesses, health organizations, and many others. Community Outreach Events and Public Comments Public Forum and City Council Meeting #1 – April 2, 2019 The City hosted a public Housing Forum to kick off the Housing Element Update. Information regarding State housing law, Housing Element & RHNA, housing production, and the City’s Inclusionary Housing program was provided to all who attended. The Forum also provided an opportunity to collect names and contact information from individuals and organizations who were interested in being contacted about Housing Element update events. At the City Council meeting, City staff shared about the Forum and comments shared by those who attended and provided detailed information regarding the City’s housing programs, including a status report on the Housing Major City Goal, State housing law, Housing Element and required update, housing production and housing affordability. Planning Commission Meeting #1 – April 24, 2019 City staff provided the Planning Commission with detailed information regarding the City’s housing programs, including a status report on the Housing Major City Goal, State housing law, Housing Element and required update, housing production, and housing affordability. Public comment was received during the Planning Commission Meeting regarding growth management, housing production, funding for affordable housing, lack of overall housing, and lack of affordable housing. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 G2 Stakeholder Outreach #1: Association of Realtors – July 23, 2019. A presentation was given to the Association of Realtors of San Luis Obispo regarding the Housing Element. The agenda consisted of Housing Element background information including demographics, employment information and an explanation of the Regional Housing Needs Allocation. No public comments were expressed during this meeting. Public Outreach #1: Housing Element Workshop – December 10, 2020 & Online Survey (December 10, 2020 – January 10, 2020) Participants of the community workshop and the online survey (provided on the City’s Open City Hall platform) were invited to provide input on housing needs, issues, and opportunities for consideration in the update process. Below are word clouds that highlight the comments from participants regarding each question. Approximately 100 individuals participated in the in-person workshop and online survey. Figure 1: An example of the notice included in emails, on the City’s website, Twitter, and Facebook. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 G3 NEEDS: WHAT TYPE OF HOUSING IS NEEDED MOST IN OUR COMMUNITY? ISSUES: WHAT HOUSING ISSUES EXIST IN THE COMMUNITY? City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 G4 Below is a summary of the key themes from each of these questions: Housing Issues • Affordable housing • Insufficient number of housing units to rent or purchase • Not enough diversity in the types of housing • Not enough high-density housing Housing Needs • Affordable housing • Workforce (missing middle) housing • Housing for families • Student housing • Senior housing • Housing near employment Housing Opportunities • Increase residential densities where appropriate, such as downtown • Provide more student housing on campus • Rehabilitate existing housing resources • ADUs OPPORTUNITIES: WHERE ARE OPPORTUNITIES TO INCREASE AVAILABLE HOUSING OPTIONS? City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 G5 Staff asked workshop participants to indicate on the City’s Zoning Map potential areas for additional housing. Participants marked where they thought more housing could go and some even indicated where a change in zoning could benefit increased housing production (see Figure 2). Stakeholder Outreach #2: Chamber of Commerce - April 2, 2020 A presentation was given to the Chamber of Commerce of San Luis Obispo regarding the Housing Element. The agenda consisted of Housing Element background information including demographics, employment information, an explanation of the Regional Housing Needs Allocation and a summation of the public comment thus far. Figure 2: Zoning Map with participant comments City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 G6 Stakeholder Outreach #3: Economic Vitality Corporation and the Home Builders Association – May 13, 2020 A presentation was given to the Economic Vitality Corporation with guests from the Home Builders Association regarding the Housing Element. The agenda consisted of Housing Element background information including demographics, employment information, an explanation of the Regional Housing Needs Allocation and a summation of the public comment thus far. Public Outreach #2: Housing Element Online Survey – June 8, 2020 – June 24, 2020 In order to allow full participation by the community, the City elected to host an online survey in the place of an in-person public workshop during the COVID-19 restricted activity period. Participants of the online survey were invited to provide input on the proposed modifications the goals, policies, and program within the Housing Element Update. 337 individuals visited the survey and 78 individuals responded to the questions (this is equivalent to 3.9 hours of public comment at 3 minutes per response). The questions and summary of themes from the survey are as follows: 1. Is there anything that was missed or needs to be modified? • Retain the goal of visitability in Program 8.9 • Promote ADA/special needs housing • Promote affordable senior housing projects • Support high density housing developments • Support local preference 2. Are there additional housing topics that should be considered? • Infrastructure planning (e.g. pedestrian, bicycle, improvements, etc.) • Include amenities within housing developments such as: community gardens, common open space, parks, car share programs, and edible landscaping. • Expand funding for affordable housing. • Affordable housing • Senior housing • Homeless/Transition housing 3. Do you have ideas regarding how to increase the production and affordability of housing in the community? • Update Inclusionary Housing Ordinance • Reduce setback requirements • Pre-approved ADU plans • Reduce parking requirements • Higher density and taller buildings in Downtown • Reduce fees • Round all densities to the nearest 0.5 • Upzone each residential zone to the next highest density City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 G7 Planning Commission Meeting #2 – June 10, 2020 The second Planning Commission meeting included review of modifications to goals, policies, and programs within Chapter 3 of the Housing Element. There were six individuals who provided public comment (via correspondence, voicemail or at the meeting) as well as comments from various Commissioners. The following is summary of comments received: 1. A request to include more specific language to support and incentivize the development of moderate-income affordable housing. 2. Support for Policy 5.4 and Program 5.5, which encourages the development of “missing middle” type housing such as duplexes, triplexes, quadplexes, cottages, etc. 3. Suggested replacing Program 6.13 language “…where low-density residential areas is minimal…” with “…where compatible with surrounding development…” 4. Suggested that the language in Goal 7 regarding neighborhood stability and owner occupancy be retained. 5. Recommended a new policy be added under Goal 7 regarding public health and housing. The recommended policy states, “Encourage neighborhood design elements that improve overall health of residents by including safe convenient opportunities to access healthy food, clean air, and active places for recreational exercise.” 6. Concern regarding the older stock of housing within the City and being able to provide education and incentives to homeowner to sustain these older homes and make them safer. 7. Support for Policy 6.6 and Program 6.12 regarding the idea of flexible density within the Downtown, and the Upper Monterey and Mid-Higuera special focus areas. 8. Support for the policies and programs that encourage housing production. 9. Concern that housing that is planned to be affordable by design or is a missing middle housing type will not actually be affordable when it comes on the market. 10. Several concerns were raised about: climate change and the pandemic on future housing design and functionality, preservation of historic structures and districts, flexible density, streamlining the review process for mixed-used development projects, protecting parks and open space, and a need for more specific neighborhood outreach. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 H1 Appendix H Review of Previous Housing Element ______________________________________________________________________________ Table H - 1: Housing Element Program Evaluation, 5th Cycle (2014-2019) Prog. # Goals Objective (quantified/ qualified) Progress and Evaluation Continue, Modify or Delete Goal 1 - Safety: Provide safe, decent shelter for all residents. 1.4 Safety Rehabilitate using Federal, State and local housing funds, such as Community Development Block Grant Funds, with the objectives of 30 single-family, 75 multi-family, 10 historic, and 20 mobile homes for extremely low, very low, low and moderate income homeowners and renters during the planning period On-going. In 2017, $95,588 of CDBG funds were used to rehabilitate the Estella Court Housing Facility owned by Family Care Network. In 2018-19, the City collaborated with HASLO and the HumanGood organization to rehabilitate 279 affordable multi-family housing units. A total of 15 affordable housing communities received upgrades with State tax-exempt conduit financing. In the past five years of the CDBG program, the City has primarily received and awarded requests for real property acquisition for new affordable housing projects, rather than rehabilitation projects. Regardless, the program has been effective in addressing accessibility and life safety improvements for very-low and low- income apartments. Modify and Continue 1.5 Safety Continue code enforcement to expedite the removal of illegal or unsafe dwellings, to eliminate hazardous site or property conditions, and resolve chronic building safety problems. On-going. The City continues to support its code enforcement and neighborhood preservation programs. Staffing is based on the services being provided and now includes a Code Enforcement Supervisor along with two Code Enforcement Officers and one Code Enforcement Technician. Staff addresses mainly reactive (complaint based) issues, but also provides proactive enforcement through the Neighborhood Services Program. These programs serve to promote neighborhood wellness and prevent neighborhood deterioration and blight Continue City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 H2 Prog. # Goals Objective (quantified/ qualified) Progress and Evaluation Continue, Modify or Delete by eliminating identified substandard building, housing, fire and life-safety, and property maintenance violations. 1.6 Safety Consider a Rental Inspection Program to improve the condition of the City’s Housing Stock. Implemented. In May 2015, the City Council adopted the Rental Housing Inspection Ordinance. In March 2017, the City Council voted to repeal the ordinance. Delete 1.7 Safety Continue to support local and regional solutions to homelessness by funding programs such as the Maxine Lewis Memorial Shelter and The Prado Day Center. On-going. The City continues to support homeless service providers by providing financial means for various local and regional programs. In October 2018, the new 40 Prado Homeless Services Center opened in the City, offering over 100 beds for homeless families and individuals and services previously offered at the Maxine Lewis Memorial Shelter and Prado Day Center. Since 2015, the City has provided over $1.3M through the CDBG program and General Fund to support programs and projects to help the homeless. Modify and Continue 1.8 Safety Create an educational campaign for owners of older residences informing them of ways to reduce the seismic hazards commonly found in such structures, and encouraging them to undertake seismic upgrades. Implemented. Unreinforced masonry buildings have been retrofitted to meet current building code requirements. Proactive education is complete because no additional structures need seismic retrofits. Although complete, staff will continue to have information available regarding seismic hazards for those community members interested in further education. Delete Goal 2 - Affordability: Accommodate affordable housing production that helps meet the City’s quantified objectives. 2.5 Affordability Continue to manage the Affordable Housing Fund so that the fund serves as a sustainable resource for supporting affordable housing development. The fund shall serve as a source of both grant funding and below market financing for affordable housing projects; and funds shall be used to support a wide variety of housing types at the following income levels: extremely low, very low, low, Ongoing. This program has been successful in furthering affordable housing construction and rehabilitation in the City. Since 2009, the City has either loaned, granted, or committed over $10M in City AHFs for affordable housing development for extremely- low, very low, and low income families. Continue City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 H3 Prog. # Goals Objective (quantified/ qualified) Progress and Evaluation Continue, Modify or Delete and moderate, but with a focus on production efficiency to maximize housing benefits for the City’s financial investment, and to support high quality housing projects that would not be feasible without Affordable Housing Fund support. 2.6 Affordability Continue to review existing and proposed building, planning, engineering and fire policies and standards as housing developments are reviewed to determine whether changes are possible that could assist the production of affordable housing, or that would encourage preservation of housing rather than conversion to non-residential uses, provided such changes would not conflict with other General Plan policies. Such periodic reviews will seek to remove regulations that have been superseded, are redundant or are no longer needed. On-going. Council adopted changes to the City’s Zoning Regulations that allows certain number of residential units by right on a residentially zoned legal lot, revised parking standards, and expanded the Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) ordinance to be consistent with State law, allowing ADUs as a part of single family and multi-family developments, and eliminated impact fees for those units. Continue 2.7 Affordability Continue to implement existing procedures that speed up the processing of applications, construction permits, and water and sewer service priorities for affordable housing projects. City staff and commissions shall give such projects priority in allocating work assignments, scheduling, conferences and hearings, and in preparing and issuing reports and water and sewer service allocations. On-going. Procedures are in place to streamline affordable housing projects consistent with State law. Several recent affordable housing projects have financially benefitted from receiving expedited processing and permitting, including Bishop Street Studios which required over 150 building inspections from City staff. Modify and Continue 2.8 Affordability Continue to pursue outside funding sources for the payment of City impact fees so that new dwellings that meet the City’s affordable housing standards can mitigate their facility and service impacts without adversely affecting housing affordability. Implemented. Reductions have been built into the new fee structure that was approved as a part of AB 1600 in 2018. Delete City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 H4 Prog. # Goals Objective (quantified/ qualified) Progress and Evaluation Continue, Modify or Delete 2.9 Affordability To the extent outside funding sources can be identified to offset impacts on City funds, exempt dwellings that meet the moderate income, Affordable Housing Standards from planning, building and engineering development review and permit fees, including water meter installation fee. Maintain exemptions for extremely- low, very-low and low-income households. Implemented. Reductions have been built into the new fee structure that was approved as a part of the AB 1600 in 2018. Delete 2.10 Affordability Continue to coordinate public and private sector actions to encourage the development of housing that meets the City’s housing needs. On-going. The City coordinates regularly with developers and local agencies to provide housing opportunities. Continue 2.11 Affordability Continue to assist with the issuance of bonds, tax credit financing, loan underwriting or other financial tools to help develop or preserve affordable units through various programs, including, but not limited to: (1) below market financing through the SLO County Housing Trust Fund and (2) subsidized mortgages for extremely low, very-low, low- and moderate income persons and first- time home buyers, and (3) self-help or “sweat equity” homeowner housing. On-going. Since 1985, the City has conducted 13 TEFRA hearings to allow for the issuance of tax-exempt financing for affordable housing projects, including veteran, senior, and family housing. Through this program, a total of 493 units have been developed and 162 units have been preserved. Additionally, the City has continued to provide second mortgages for lower income homebuyers and provide down payment assistance loans for first-time homebuyers. Modify and Continue 2.12 Affordability Consider incorporating HOA fees and a standard allowance for utilities in the calculation for affordable rents and home sales prices. On-going. Staff has completed a Nexus Study and researched other local jurisdictions in their approach to incorporate HOA fees and a standard allowance for utilities. However, staff has not yet finalized a methodology for incorporating an allowance into the City’s Affordable Housing Standards. Modify and Continue 2.13 Affordability In conjunction with the Housing Authority and other local housing agencies, continue to provide on- going technical assistance and education to tenants, property owners and the community at large on the need to preserve at-risk units as well as the available tools to help them do so. On-going. The City’s Housing Program Coordinator provides technical assistance and education to tenants, property owners and the community on preserving at risk affordable housing being converted to market rate. The City also works with the Housing Authority of San Luis Obispo (HASLO) who offers informational workshops on various affordable housing opportunities within the City and surrounding County. Continue City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 H5 Prog. # Goals Objective (quantified/ qualified) Progress and Evaluation Continue, Modify or Delete 2.14 Affordability In conjunction with local housing providers and the local residential design community, continue to provide technical assistance as requested by the public, builders, design professionals and developers regarding design strategies to achieve affordable housing. On-going. The City has a website dedicated to housing and published a brochure detailing City policies and incentives to developers and owners on affordable housing. The City’s Housing Programs Coordinator and Planners also provide on-going technical assistance to the public, property managers, developers and realtors regarding design strategies to achieve affordable housing. Modify and Continue 2.15 Affordability Evaluate the Inclusionary Housing Ordinance requirements and the effect of Table 2A on the City’s ability to provide affordable housing in the proportions shown in the Regional Housing Needs Allocation, per Policy 2.4. On-going. Staff has completed a Nexus Study and determined there is a nexus to update the City’s Inclusionary Housing Ordinance (IHO). Additional evaluation is needed to determine the most effective changes that need to be made to Table 2A and the rest of the IHO to produce affordable housing that is consistent with the current development in the City. Modify and Continue 2.16 Affordability The City will evaluate and consider including a workforce level of affordability in its Affordable Housing Standards to increase housing options in the City for those making between 121 percent and 160 percent of the San Luis Obispo County median income. This affordability category cannot be used to meet inclusionary housing ordinance requirements and is not eligible for City Affordable Housing Funds. Done. Creating a workforce level of affordability was examined and found that it could not be successfully implemented on a citywide basis as there are no existing State standards for such an income level. Staff is exploring a new approach to providing workforce housing through a variety of “missing middle” housing types such as duplexes, triplexes, quadplexes, cottages, etc.). Delete 2.17 Affordability Continue to consider increasing residential densities above state density bonus allowances for projects that provide housing for low, very low and extremely low income households. On-going. This has been implemented on a variety of projects including: Victoria Crossing, 860 On The Wye (HASLO), Iron Works (HASLO), 1121 Montalban, Tiburon Place (Peoples’ Self-Help Housing), and Courtyard at Serra Meadows (HASLO), all which exceed the 35% base density bonus. The City also continues to support and encourage residential densities for eligible housing developments up to 80% as allowable by AB 1763. Modify and Continue City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 H6 Prog. # Goals Objective (quantified/ qualified) Progress and Evaluation Continue, Modify or Delete Goal 3 - Housing Conservation: Conserve existing housing and prevent the loss of safe housing and the displacement of current occupants. 3.8 Housing Conservation Adopt an ordinance that implements policy 3.2 to discourage removal or replacement of affordable housing. Not Done. With the implementation of State law such as, the Housing Accountability Act, the Housing Crisis Act, Permit Streamlining Act, and the No Net Loss Law, the ability for the removal or replacement of affordable housing is very limited. As such, the City no longer needs a separate ordinance to discourage the removal or replacement of affordable housing. Delete 3.9 Housing Conservation Correct unsafe, unsanitary or illegal housing conditions, improve accessibility and energy efficiency and improve neighborhoods by collaborating with agencies offering rehabilitation programs. City will use State or Federal grants or other housing funds to implement the program and provide services such as home weatherization, repair and universal access improvements. On-going. The City continues its code enforcement program to address unsafe and substandard buildings and neighborhood reservation. Approximately 332 cases identified for unsafe or substandard housing conditions were corrected. In December of 2018, the City joined Monterey Bay Community Power (MBCP). MBCP is an existing community choice energy program that serves the counties of Santa Cruz, San Benito, and Monterey and provides 100 percent carbon free electricity with a rate savings relative to PG&E. In addition, the City continues to require that new construction meets California’s Building Energy Efficiency Standards (Title 24) and CALGreen. Continue 3.10 Housing Conservation Continue to encourage the creation of dwellings in the Downtown Core (C- D Zone) and the Downtown Planning Area by continuing the "no net housing loss" program, consistent with Chapter 17.86 (Downtown Housing Conversion Regulations) of the Zoning Regulations. On-going. The City continues to implement this program on a case-by- case basis when new projects are proposed in the Downtown to ensure that there is a no net housing loss consistent with the Zoning Regulations Chapter 17.142. Additionally staff reviews that projects are consistent with SLOMC Chapter 17.32 that states “All new commercial developments in the C- D Zone shall include housing” unless the housing is likely to jeopardize the health, safety, or welfare of residents or employees; or it meets the qualifications for a variance. Continue City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 H7 Prog. # Goals Objective (quantified/ qualified) Progress and Evaluation Continue, Modify or Delete 3.11 Housing Conservation Continue to identify residential properties and districts eligible for local, State or Federal historic listing in accordance with guidelines and standards to help property owners repair, rehabilitate and improve properties in a historically and architecturally sensitive manner. On-going. The City continues to update its list of historic resources on an annual basis. The Historic Preservation Program Guidelines and staff assist property owners with guidance on improvements to their properties (repairs, additions, etc.) that are consistent with the Historic Preservation Ordinance. In addition, the City manages the Mills Act program to encourage rehabilitation of historic buildings, which has been highly successful, with numerous property owners using the program's property tax savings to upgrade their homes and improve neighborhoods. Continue 3.12 Housing Conservation Continue to monitor and track affordable housing units at-risk of being converted to market rate housing annually. Provide resources to support the Housing Authority, and local housing agencies, purchase and manage at-risk units. Ongoing. The City continues to maintain an affordable housing inventory with all agreements and term expiration dates and implemented an affordable housing monitoring program. The monitoring program has been successful in organizing affordable housing agreements and ensuring deed- restricted units are in compliance with the City’s Affordable Housing Standards. The City has a Condominium Conversion Ordinance that provides for affordability requirements when rental apartment projects are proposed to be converted to ownership units. Continue 3.13 Housing Conservation Working with non-profit organizations, faith-based organizations, or the Housing Authority of the City of San Luis Obispo, the City will encourage rehabilitation of residential, commercial or industrial buildings to expand extremely low, very-low, low or moderate income rental housing opportunities. On-going. The City works alongside HASLO and other non-profit housing developers to expand affordable rental opportunities. In this 5th Housing Element Cycle, the City granted TMHA $330,000 of Affordable Housing Funds to acquire and rehabilitate an existing 6- unit property for new rental housing affordable to adults living with mental illness. Continue Goal 4 - Mixed-Income Housing. Preserve and accommodate existing and new mixed income neighborhoods and seek to prevent neighborhoods or housing types that are segregated by economic status. 4.5 Mixed-Income Housing Review new development proposals for compliance with City regulations and revise projects or establish conditions of approval as needed to implement the mixed-income policies. On-going. Development projects that trigger the City’s Inclusionary Housing Ordinance are reviewed by the Project Planner and the Housing Programs Coordinator for compliance with mixed- income policies. Continue City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 H8 Prog. # Goals Objective (quantified/ qualified) Progress and Evaluation Continue, Modify or Delete 4.6 Mixed-Income Housing Consider amending the City’s Inclusionary Housing Ordinance and Affordable Housing Incentives to require that affordable units in a development be of similar number of bedrooms, character and basic quality as the nonrestricted units in locations that avoid segregation of such units. On-going. Development projects that trigger the City’s Inclusionary Housing Ordinance are reviewed by the Project Planner and the Housing Programs Coordinator for compliance with the requirement that affordable units are of a similar number of bedrooms, character and basic quality. In addition, staff took the first steps in evaluating the Inclusionary Housing Ordinance by conducting an Affordable Housing Nexus Study. Modify and Continue Goal 5 - Housing Variety and Tenure. Provide variety in the location, type, size, tenure, and style of dwellings. 5.5 Housing Variety and Tenure Review new developments for compliance with City regulations and revise projects or establish conditions of approval as needed to implement the housing variety and tenure policies. Implemented. Through the development review process, any projects that trigger the City’s Inclusionary Housing Ordinance (IHO) are reviewed by the Project Planner and the Housing Programs Coordinator for compliance with housing variety and tenure policies. Delete Goal 6 - Housing Production. Plan for new housing to meet the full range of community housing needs. 6.11 Housing Production Maintain the General Plan and Residential Growth Management Regulations (SLOMC 17.144) exemption for new housing in the Downtown Core(C-D zone), and new housing in other zones that is enforceably restricted for extremely- low, very low, low- and moderate income households, pursuant to the Affordable Housing Standards. On-going. The City’s Residential Growth Management Regulations exempt dwellings affordable and enforceably restricted to residents with extremely-low, very low-, low-, and moderate- income households as well as new dwellings in the Downtown Core (C-D) zone and all ADUs. Modify and Continue 6.12 Housing Production Continue to allow flexible parking regulations for housing development, especially in the Downtown Core (C- D Zone), including the possibilities of flexible use of city parking facilities by Downtown residents, where appropriate, and reduced or no parking requirements where appropriate guarantees limit occupancies to persons without motor vehicles or who provide proof of reserved, off-site parking. Such developments may be subject to requirements for parking use fees, use limitations and enforcement provisions. On-going. The City continues to allow flexible parking regulations in the Downtown for dwellings by allowing a range of parking options including paying in-lieu fees and reduced parking requirements as compared to other zones. The City also continues to support the Downtown Residential Overnight Parking Program (DROP) which allows for overnight residential parking within City parking facilities. Continue City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 H9 Prog. # Goals Objective (quantified/ qualified) Progress and Evaluation Continue, Modify or Delete 6.13 Housing Production Continue to develop incentives to encourage additional housing in the Downtown Core (C-D Zone), particularly in mixed-use developments. Density based on average unit size in a project should be explored to encourage the development of smaller efficiency units. On-going. The City has a variety of development incentives available to encourage housing in the Downtown. Mixed use projects are allowed by right in the Downtown with residential densities up to 36 DU/acre in combination with commercial uses. Commercial development does not impact or reduce a site’s residential density. Additionally the Zoning Regulations were updated in 2018 and Section 17.32.030.C. states that “All new commercial developments in the C- D Zone shall include housing, unless the City makes one of the following findings: 1. Housing is likely to jeopardize the health, safety, or welfare of residents or employees; or 2. All of the findings listed for Variances in Section 17.114.040 (Required Findings).” Modify and Continue 6.14 Housing Production Specific plans for any new expansion area identified shall include R-3 and R-4 zoned land to ensure sufficient land is designated at appropriate densities to accommodate the development of extremely low, very- low and low income dwellings. These plans shall include sites suitable for subsidized rental housing and affordable rental and owner-occupied dwellings, and programs to support the construction of dwellings rather than payment of in-lieu housing fees. Such sites shall be integrated within neighborhoods of market-rate housing and shall be architecturally compatible with the neighborhood. Ongoing. The City’s expansion areas are subject to Inclusionary Housing Ordinance provisions. These provisions require that at least 5% low and 10% moderate income affordable housing be provided in each development project. Affordable housing must be constructed; payment of in-lieu fees is not allowed in expansion areas. San Luis Ranch and Avila Ranch are two new specific plan and planning areas that were approved that both include for sale and rental housing units. Both projects also include areas zoned for medium-high and high-density housing and are required to provide deed restricted affordable housing. Avila Ranch includes 10.84 acres of Medium- High Density (R-3 (20 units per acre)) that will support 185 units and 4.39 acres of High Density (R-4 (24 units per acre)) that will support 125 units. San Luis Ranch has 6.8 acres of Medium Density (23 units per acre) that will support 100 units and 10.4 acres of High Density (30 units per acre) that will support 200 units. Both plans include density bonuses as well. Modify and make a Policy City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 H10 Prog. # Goals Objective (quantified/ qualified) Progress and Evaluation Continue, Modify or Delete 6.15 Housing Production Consider General Plan amendments to rezone commercial, manufacturing or public facility zoned areas for higher-density, infill or mixed-use housing where land development patterns are suitable and where impact to Low-Density Residential areas is minimal. For example, areas to be considered for possible rezoning include, but are not limited to the following sites: A. Portions of South Broad Street Corridor and Little Italy area B. 1499 San Luis Drive (rezone vacant and underutilized School District property) C. 1642 Johnson Avenue (vacant School District property) D. 4325 South Higuera Street (former P.G.&E. yard) E. 4355 Vachell Lane (vehicle storage) F. 173 Buckley Road (Avila Ranch) G. 2143 Johnson Avenue (adjacent to County Health Department) H. 3710 Broad Street (Plumbers and Steamfitters Union) I. 11950 Los Osos Valley Road (Pacific Beach High School) J. 2500 Block of Boulevard Del Campo (adjacent to Sinsheimer Park) K. 12165 Los Osos Valley Road (adjacent to Home Depot) On-going. With the update to the Land Use Element in 2015, the City adopted the South Broad Street plan which rezoned portions of South Broad and the Little Italy area. Since the approval of this plan, several new mixed-use housing projects have been approved and are under construction (The Yard, Victoria Crossing, & Victoria and Caudill Development). Additionally, Avila Ranch Development plan was approved in 2017. At 3710 Broad Street HASLO has constructed 46 units and Peoples’ Self-Help Housing has received approval for a 40-unit mixed- use affordable housing project. Modify and Continue 6.16 Housing Production Continue to provide resources that support the SLO County Housing Trust fund’s efforts to provide below market financing and technical assistance to affordable housing developers as a way to increase affordable housing production in the City of San Luis Obispo. On-going. The SLO County Housing Trust Fund (HTF) is a private nonprofit corporation that provides financing and technical assistance to help private developers, non-profit organizations, and government agencies to produce and preserve homes that working families, seniors on fixed incomes and persons with disabilities can afford to rent or buy. Annually, the City provides funding assistance to support the HTF’s operating expenses. Since 2005, the HTF has provided more than $2.3 million in loans to support projects located in the City. Continue City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 H11 Prog. # Goals Objective (quantified/ qualified) Progress and Evaluation Continue, Modify or Delete 6.17 Housing Production Encourage residential development through infill development and densification within City Limits and in designated expansion areas over new annexation of land. On-going. Infill development accounts for many of the housing applications received in the last five years. Such infill projects that were approved since 2014 include: 1) Bishop Street Studio (34 units)* 2) 2120 Santa Barbara (69 units) 3) The Connect (78 units) 4) Twin Creeks (94 units)* 5) 71 Palomar (41 units)* 6) San Luis Square (52 units) 7) 790 Foothill (78 units)* 8) Broad Street Collection (32 units)* 9) Iron Works (46 units)* 10) 22 Chorro (27 units)* Those marked with an (*) include deed- restricted affordable units. Additionally, San Luis Ranch was entitled and annexed into the City; the plan includes 580 residential units. Avila Ranch was also approved (part of the Airport Area Specific Plan) and includes 720 residential units. Continue 6.18 Housing Production Seek opportunities with other public agencies and public utilities to identify, assemble, develop, redevelop and recycle surplus land for housing, and to convert vacant or underutilized public, utility or institutional buildings to housing. On-going as opportunities emerge. The City worked with HASLO and Transitions-Mental Health Association (TMHA) to develop the 34-unit Bishop Street Studios project. This project has been completed and provides housing for extremely low, very low and low- income adults with behavior and/or mental health needs. Modify and Continue 6.19 Housing Production Continue to incentivize affordable housing development with density bonuses, parking reductions and other development incentives, including City financial assistance. Ongoing. The City has provided numerous incentives including density bonuses, parking reductions, concessions to development standards, and financial assistance on several projects that include deed-restricted affordable housing units. Some of these projects include: 1) Bishop Street Studios – parking reduction, City AHFs 2) 790 Foothill – height and setback concession 3) Broad Street Collection – parking reduction 4) Iron Works – height and parking concession, City AHFs Modify and Continue City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 H12 Prog. # Goals Objective (quantified/ qualified) Progress and Evaluation Continue, Modify or Delete 5) 22 Chorro – height and parking concession 6) Courtyard at the Meadows – street yard reduction, City AHFs 6.20 Housing Production Continue to financially assist in the development of housing affordable to extremely low, very-low, low- or moderate income households during the planning period using State, Federal and local funding sources, with funding priority given to projects that result in the maximum housing benefits for the lowest household income levels. On-going. The City has facilitated the development of affordable housing using State, Federal and local funding sources. Projects that either received planning entitlements or were constructed in the 5th Cycle Housing Element include: • Broad Street Place (40 units) • Tiburon Place (68 units) • Courtyard at the Meadows (36 units) • Bishop Street Studios (34 units) • Iron Works (46 units) • Broad Street Apartments (6 units) Program has been extremely effective, and the City will continue to implement the program by leveraging its Affordable Housing Fund in conjunction with other State, Federal and local funding sources to increase the production of affordable housing. Continue 6.21 Housing Production Actively seek new revenue sources, including State, Federal and private/non-profit sources, and financing mechanisms to assist affordable housing development for extremely low, very low and low or moderate income households and first- time homebuyers. On-going as opportunities emerge. During the past 5th Housing Element Cycle, the City collaborated with various non-profit housing developers on new revenue sources for housing development, including HCD’s Affordable Housing Sustainable Communities grant program. The City also continues to support and collaborate with the SLO County HTF. Modify and Continue 6.22 Housing Production Continue to exempt the rehabilitation or remodeling of up to 4 dwellings of up to 1200 square feet each from Architectural Review Commission review. New multi-unit housing may be allowed with “Minor or Incidental” or staff level architectural review, unless the dwellings are located on a sensitive or historically sensitive site. Implemented. Section 17.106.030 has been added to the 2018 Zoning Regulations update which references SLOMC Chapter 2.48 that includes language that exempts the rehabilitation or remodeling of up to 4 dwellings of up to 1,200 square feet each from Architectural Review Commission review. Delete City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 H13 Prog. # Goals Objective (quantified/ qualified) Progress and Evaluation Continue, Modify or Delete 6.23 Housing Production Assist in the production of affordable housing by identifying vacant or underutilized City-owned property suitable for housing, and dedicate public property, where feasible and appropriate for such purposes, as development projects are proposed. Implemented. Staff completed an inventory of underutilized and vacant City-owned property and found that no City-owned properties were suitable for housing development. Delete 6.24 Housing Production Community Development staff will proactively provide information for properties suitable for housing as identified in the Land Use and Housing Elements. Implemented. Staff actively provides information regarding any land identified in the Housing Element or the Land Use Element that may be suitable for housing development possibilities. Delete 6.25 Housing Production Evaluate and consider amending the General Plan to designate the 46 acres associated with the former County General Hospital as a “Special Considerations” zone, suitable for housing development on areas of the site of less than 20 percent average slope, provided that open space dedication and public improvements are part of the project. Done. The Land Use Element was updated in 2015 to include Program 8.6 which identified the General Hospital site as a Special Planning Area. The program identifies that the old hospital building will remain as an office / treatment facility and lands behind the hospital building that are inside the City’s Urban Reserve line will be designated as Public and a range of residential uses will be allowed (Low Density and Medium Density Residential, residential care use, transitional care use, and other residential uses consistent with the adjacent area). With future development, the City will seek to secure permanent protection of the open space outside of the urban reserve line. The undeveloped portion of this site on the southwest side of Johnson Avenue will remain designated for Public uses. Delete 6.26 Housing Production Continue to update the Affordable Housing Incentives (Chapter 17.90, SLOMC) and Zoning Regulations to ensure density bonus incentives are consistent with State Law. On-going. The City’s Affordable Housing Incentives were updated in 2013 to be consistent with State law. The City also continues to support and encourage residential densities for eligible housing developments up to 80% as now allowable by AB 1763. As more changes occur, the City will continue to ensure affordable housing incentives and Zoning Regulations are updated accordingly. Continue City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 H14 Prog. # Goals Objective (quantified/ qualified) Progress and Evaluation Continue, Modify or Delete 6.27 Housing Production Evaluate and consider increasing the residential density allowed in the Neighborhood-Commercial (C-N), Office (O) and Downtown Commercial (C-D) zoning districts. The City will evaluate allowing up to 24 units per acre in the C-N and O zones, and up to 72 units per acre in the C-D zone, twice the current density allowed in these areas. Not Done. A detailed analysis of increasing the residential density allowed in various zoning districts was considered and evaluated as a part of the zoning update and determined that it would need to be part of a larger update to the Land Use Element (LUE) and require additional environmental review. Until the LUE is updated, this program is not for the Housing Element. Delete 6.28 Housing Production Evaluate how lot patterns (i.e. size, shape, slope) in the City’s multi- family zones affect the City’s ability to meet housing production policies. If warranted, consider setting a minimum number of dwellings on each legal lot in the R-2, R-3 and R-4 zones, regardless of lot size, when other property development standards, such as parking, height limits and setbacks can be met. . Implemented. In 2018 the Zoning Regulations were updated to include minimum number of dwellings on each legal lot in the R-2, R-3 and R-4 zones, regardless of lot size as long as the development can meet all property development standards, such as parking, height limits and setbacks. Delete 6.29 Housing Production Continue to pursue incentives to encourage development of Secondary Dwelling Units (SDUs). Possible incentives include SDU design templates, flexible development standards, fee reductions or deferrals, or other measures to encourage the construction of SDUs where allowed by zoning. Implemented. The City updated the Zoning Regulations in 2018 and 2020 to be consistent with State law regarding SDUs (now called ADUs – Accessory Dwelling Units). In addition, the City has also eliminated impact fees requirements through the AB 1600 fee study. Delete 6.30 Housing Production Evaluate and consider adopting Subdivision and Zoning Regulations changes to support small lot subdivisions, ownership bungalow court development. Eliminate the one acre minimum lot area for PD overlay zoning, and other alternatives to conventional subdivision design. On-going. The Zoning Regulations were updated in 2018 and included a revision to the PD overlay zoning to allow a minimum of one-half of a contiguous acre for a PD (as opposed to a one acre minimum). Modify and Continue 6.31 Housing Production Consider scaling development impact fees for residential development based on size, number of bedrooms, and room counts. Done. Completed as a part of the AB 1600 and fee schedule update. Delete 6.32 Housing Production Continue to submit annual Housing Element progress reports to the State Department of Housing and Community Development per Government Code Section 65400. On-going. Staff continues to submit the Housing Annual Progress Report to HCD by April 1st. Modify and Continue City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 H15 Prog. # Goals Objective (quantified/ qualified) Progress and Evaluation Continue, Modify or Delete Goal 7 - Neighborhood Quality. Maintain, preserve and enhance the quality of neighborhoods, encourage neighborhood stability and owner occupancy, and improve neighborhood appearance, function and sense of community. 7.9 Neighborhood Quality Continue to implement varied strategies, such as early notification through electronic media, website improvements, neighborhood outreach meetings, etc., to ensure residents are aware of and able to participate in planning decisions affecting their neighborhoods early in the planning process. On-going. City follows public noticing procedures that provide public notice, including legal notices, sign postings on the project site, and direct mail. In addition, the City has implemented e- notifications where residents, stakeholders and other interested parties can voluntarily sign up to receive email notices for any public meeting of their choice. The City exceeds State requirements by contacting individuals directly who are part of our “interested party” mailing lists, posting information at local businesses, posting information on the City’s website, and Twitter, Facebook and Instagram accounts, and using local media such as newspapers, TV and radio. Modify and Continue 7.10 Neighborhood Quality Continue to work directly with neighborhood groups and individuals to address concerns. Identify specific neighborhood needs, problems, trends and opportunities for improvements. On-going. The Neighborhood Wellness Program includes proactive enforcement of property maintenance standards, enforcement of the City’s noise ordinance, and parking enforcement in the City’s residential neighborhoods. The enforcement of property maintenance standards is handled by one full-time Code Enforcement Technician within the Building & Safety Division of the Community Development Department that patrols residential neighborhoods and address observable violations. The Police Department is responsible for the enforcement of the noise and unruly gathering ordinances and the Parking Division of the Public Works Department enforces parking requirements. An important aspect of the Neighborhood Wellness Program is a focus on community outreach and education. Staff participates in various outreach and education efforts with neighborhood, student, and business groups. Modify and Continue City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 H16 Prog. # Goals Objective (quantified/ qualified) Progress and Evaluation Continue, Modify or Delete 7.11 Neighborhood Quality Continue to fund neighborhood improvements, including sidewalks, traffic calming devices, crosswalks, parkways, street trees and street lighting to improve aesthetics, safety and accessibility. On-going. Over the last 5 years, the City has invested over $6 million within the areas of Multimodal Transportation Facilities, Roadway Improvements, Creek and Flood Protection, Transit and Transportation Management, Parks and Recreation, and Open Space. Projects covered include curb ramps, sidewalk repairs and replacement, street trees, graffiti removal, playground, and crosswalks. Continue 7.12 Neighborhood Quality Continue to develop and implement neighborhood parking strategies, including parking districts, to address the lack of on- and off-street parking in residential areas. Implemented. The City has established ten Neighborhood Parking Districts. The City has been working on the creation of demand-based parking strategies and has plans to update the 2011 Access & Parking Management Plan. The 2011 plan addresses neighborhood parking issues and includes strategies to mitigate the lack of on and off-street parking. Delete 7.13 Neighborhood Quality Continue the City’s Neighborhood Services and proactive enforcement programs to support neighborhood wellness. On-going. The City continues to proactively enforce property maintenance standards, and respond to calls regarding the City’s noise ordinance, and parking in the City’s residential neighborhoods. Additionally, City staff host an annual Neighborhood Forum to update the public on various topics regarding neighborhood needs, problems, trends, and opportunities. Modify and Continue Goal 8 - Special Housing Needs. Encourage the creation and maintenance of housing for those with special housing needs. 8.13 Special Housing Needs Continue to provide resources that support local and regional solutions to meeting the needs of the homeless and continue to support, jointly with other agencies, shelters and programs, such as Housing First and Rapid Rehousing, for the homeless and for displaced women and children. On-going. In October 2018 the 40 Prado Homeless Services Center (HSC) opened. The HSC offers all the services that were previously provided at the Maxine Lewis Shelter and the Prado Day Center. Since 2015, $428k of CDBG monies and $873k of City General Fund dollars have been allocated to CAPSLO for ongoing operational programs to support the homeless. City representatives actively participate on the Homeless Services Oversight Council (HSOC) which acts as an advisory body to the County Board of Modify and Continue City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 H17 Prog. # Goals Objective (quantified/ qualified) Progress and Evaluation Continue, Modify or Delete Supervisors that serves as a planning and policy forum on homeless initiatives, collaboration, support, and funding. In 2018 with collaboration from TMHA and the County Dept. of Social Services, the City’s Police Department also hired a social worker to focus on outreach and preventative engagement with the City’s most vulnerable populations. The City continues to host the Homeless Solutions webpage. This page is dedicated to keeping the public updated with all the latest homeless program initiatives. It includes a donations link to the United Way website and information on local homeless programs, services and documents. 8.14 Special Housing Needs Continue the mobile home rent stabilization program to minimize increases in the cost of mobile home park rents. On-going. The program continues to be successful in minimizing the mobile home space rents. Mobile homes are one of the City's forms of affordable housing. Modify and Continue 8.15 Special Housing Needs Continue to look for opportunities in specific plan areas suitable for tenant- owned mobile-home parks, cooperative or limited equity housing, manufactured housing, self-help housing, or other types of housing that meet special needs. On-going. The City continues to support the development of Mobile Home Parks within all residentially zoned parcels. The City is currently collaborating with an applicant to develop an “aging in place” type housing development within the Froom Ranch Specific Plan. Modify and Continue 8.16 Special Housing Needs Advocate developing more housing and refurbishing campus housing at Cal Poly University. On-going. The City supports Cal Poly constructing housing units for students on campus. In 2018 Cal Poly completed the construction of a new student housing development with 1,475 new beds. Cal Poly's housing programs have expanded significantly; however additional on-campus housing is still needed. The City is currently working with Cal Poly on their new Master Plan which includes more on-campus student housing. Continue 8.17 Special Housing Needs Work with Cal Poly University Administration to secure designation of on-campus fraternity/sorority living groups. On-going. A draft of the Cal Poly Master Plan 2035 states that there is an opportunity to provide specialized housing for groups such as fraternities, sororities or other social or academic organization. The City is currently Continue City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 H18 Prog. # Goals Objective (quantified/ qualified) Progress and Evaluation Continue, Modify or Delete working with Cal Poly on their new Master Plan. 8.18 Special Housing Needs Jointly develop and implement a student housing plan and "good neighbor program" with Cal Poly State University, Cuesta College and City residents. The program would seek to improve communication and cooperation between the City and the schools, set on campus student housing objectives and establish clear, effective standards for student housing in residential neighborhoods. On-going. The Student Community Liaison Committee was established in 1987 and continues to meet monthly. The Committee, which brings together Cal Poly, Cuesta College, City and County staff and community organizations to promote positive relations, mutual respect, and improved quality of life. As part of the Neighborhood Wellness Program, City staff from Code Enforcement, Police, Fire, Administration, Parking, Utilities, Parks and Recreation, and Planning meet quarterly to discuss various topics to highlight to the community. Modify and Continue 8.19 Special Housing Needs Provide public educational information at the Community Development Department public counter on universal design concepts (i.e. aging in place) for new and existing residential dwellings. On-going. The City has a variety of information available at the Community Development Department public counter and online regarding a universal design concepts. Additionally, City staff provide public education on a daily basis through in-person meetings, phone calls, and email. Modify and Continue 8.20 Special Housing Needs Transitional Housing and Supportive Housing: Continue to allow the establishment of transitional and supportive housing in all zoning districts where residential uses are allowed. On-going. Staff continues to support transitional and supportive housing facilities in all zones that allow the development of residential units. Modify and Continue 8.21 Special Housing Needs Continue to look for opportunities (land, retail or commercial space, motels, apartments, housing units, mobile home parks) that can be acquired and converted to affordable permanent housing and permanent supportive housing for homeless persons and families. On-going. The City continues to work with its regional partners and local non- profits to identify vacant, blighted, or underutilized properties (land, retail or commercial space, motels, apartments, housing units, mobile home parks, etc.) for conversion into affordable permanent and supportive housing for homeless persons and families. Staff is currently collaborating with HASLO on developing a vacant site for a new transitional housing project. The site used to be the location of the Maxine Lewis Memorial Shelter. Modify and Continue City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 H19 Prog. # Goals Objective (quantified/ qualified) Progress and Evaluation Continue, Modify or Delete 8.22 Special Housing Needs Consider addition of an overlay zone to existing and future mobile home and trailer park sites to provide constructive notice that additional requirements, such as rent stabilization and a mobile home park conversion ordinance may apply. Not Done. The City’s Municipal Code contains a Mobile Home Park Rent Stabilization Ordinance that applies citywide to all mobile home parks. The Ordinance satisfies this program by protecting owners and renters of mobile homes from unreasonable rent increases. Staff has evaluated that an overlay zone would not provide any additional benefit. Delete 8.23 Special Housing Needs Encourage the creation of housing for persons with developmental disabilities. The City will seek grant opportunities for housing construction and rehabilitation specifically targeted for persons with developmental disabilities. On-going. Bishop Street Studios was completed in 2019 and provides 100% affordable, stable, permanent housing and services for adults living with mental illness. Also, in 2019, the City granted $330,000 of AHFs to help TMHA acquire and rehabilitate an existing 6-unit property to serve as housing for six of their clients. Modify and Continue 8.24 Special Housing Needs Continue to coordinate with the County, social services providers and non-profit organizations for delivery of existing, improved and expanded services, including case management, drug, alcohol, detoxification, and mental health services. On-going. In October 2018, the 40 Prado Homeless Services Center (HSC) opened. The HSC combines all the services that were provided at the Maxine Lewis Shelter and the Prado Day Center. In addition, the County is developing a Medically Assisted Withdrawal Management (detox) center adjacent to the HSC. The new facility is being constructed primarily via the one- time State Homeless Emergency Aid Program (HEAP) funding. Delete 8.25 Special Housing Needs Continue to engage the Homeless Services Oversight Council (HSOC) and Friends of Prado Day Center (FPDC) to identify, evaluate, and implement strategies to reduce the impacts of homelessness on the City. On-going. The City continues to actively participate on the HSOC and the new Friends of 40Prado fundraising group that replaced the FPDC. Modify and Continue City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 H20 Prog. # Goals Objective (quantified/ qualified) Progress and Evaluation Continue, Modify or Delete Goal 9 - Sustainable Housing, Site, and Neighborhood Design. Encourage housing that is resource conserving, healthful, economical to live in, environmentally benign, and recyclable when demolished. 9.7 Sustainable Housing, Site and Neighborhood Design Continue to educate planning and building staff and citizen review bodies on energy conservation issues, including the City’s energy conservation policies and Climate Action Plan. Staff shall work with applicants to achieve the City’s energy conservation goals. On-going. The City continues to educate staff and the public through the update of the Climate Action Plan (CAP). Staff anticipates the updated CAP will be adopted in 2020. During this process advisory bodies (i.e. Planning Commission and City Council) and the public have provided feedback on the proposed revisions. Additionally, all projects must comply with the CALGreen and energy efficiency standards that are a part of Title 24 of the California Building Code (CBC). As part of the application, applicants are required to fill out a checklist that identifies energy conservation measures included in their projects. The program has been successful in raising staff and public awareness and knowledge regarding energy conservation. In December of 2018, the City joined Monterey Bay Community Power (MBCP). MBCP is an existing community choice energy program that serves the counties of Santa Cruz, San Benito, and Monterey and provides 100 percent carbon free electricity with a rate savings relative to PG&E. Modify and Continue 9.8 Sustainable Housing, Site and Neighborhood Design Continue to provide assurance of long-term solar access for new or remodeled housing and for adjacent properties, consistent with historic preservation guidelines, and revise regulations found to be inadequate. On-going. The City requires solar shading plans for projects that request height and/or setback exceptions to ensure that sufficient solar access is available to surrounding properties. Modify and Continue 9.9 Sustainable Housing, Site and Neighborhood Design Continue to implement the Water Quality Control Board’s “Post- Construction Stormwater Management Requirements for Development Projects in the Central Coast Region”, to reduce the amount of impermeable surface. Implemented. All development projects are required to include Post- Construction Stormwater Management Requirements as a part of a project application, which allows staff to verify that the project is consistent with the Regional Water Board’s Requirements. Delete 9.10 Sustainable Housing, Site and Implement Climate Action Plan programs that increase the production of “green” housing units and projects and require use of sustainable and/or On-going. The 2012 Climate Action Plan (CAP) includes programs that incentivize projects that exceed Title 24 energy efficiency standards, requires Continue City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 H21 Prog. # Goals Objective (quantified/ qualified) Progress and Evaluation Continue, Modify or Delete Neighborhood Design renewable materials, water and energy technologies (such as, but not limited to solar, wind, or thermal). new developments to install energy- efficient appliances, and another that involves amending the Community Design Guidelines to promote various LID strategies. Additionally, in December of 2018, the City joined Monterey Bay Community Power (MBCP). MBCP is an existing community choice energy program that serves the counties of Santa Cruz, San Benito, and Monterey and provides 100 percent carbon free electricity with a rate savings relative to PG&E. 9.11 Sustainable Housing, Site and Neighborhood Design Continue to promote building materials reuse and recycling in site development and residential construction, including flexible standards for use of salvaged, recycled, and “green” building materials. Continue the City’s construction and demolition debris recycling program as described in Chapter 8.05 of the Municipal Code. On-going. The Utilities Department requires that all new construction projects, that are not exempt, comply with California’s Green Building Standards Code: Title 24 Chapter 11 which requires that all permitted construction projects must recycle and/or salvage at least 65 % of the waste generated from the project. Exempt projects include: Residential projects under $50,000 and 1,000 square feet, roofing projects, window installation, foundation repair, new pool, hazardous waste cleanup, seismic ties, and electrical only. The City also requires that those structures that are proposed to be demolished be advertised in the newspaper and encourages citizens to either move the structure to a new location for reuse or use the structure as salvaged material. Modify and Continue 9.12 Sustainable Housing, Site and Neighborhood Design Consider incentivizing dwelling units to a minimum size of 150 square feet, consistent with the California Building Code, by reduced impact fees and property development standards. Implemented. The City has implemented a reduction in the impact fees for smaller units with AB 1600 and the fee schedule update. Additionally, ADU requirements have been revised to be consistent with State law and impact fees removed in order to incentivize the development of this type of smaller unit. Delete City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 H22 Prog. # Goals Objective (quantified/ qualified) Progress and Evaluation Continue, Modify or Delete 9.13 Sustainable Housing, Site and Neighborhood Design Consider participating in financing programs for sustainable home improvements such as solar panels, heating and cooling systems, water conservation and energy efficient windows. Ongoing. The City continues to seek opportunities to support financing programs to assist homeowners with improving energy efficiency and reduce the generation of greenhouse gases in residential units. Modify and Continue Goal 10 - Local Preference. Maximize affordable housing opportunities for those who live or work in San Luis Obispo while seeking to balance job growth and housing supply. 10.3 Local Preference Continue to work with the County of San Luis Obispo for any land use decisions that create significant expansion of employment in the unincorporated areas adjacent to the City to mitigate housing impacts on the City. On-going. The City and County have a Memorandum of Understanding regarding development review of projects in the unincorporated County on the City's urban fringe. This MOU outlines the review process and City comments regarding impacts to housing stock with expansion of commercial projects in areas adjacent to the City. Modify and Continue 10.4 Local Preference Encourage residential developers to sell or rent their projects to those residing or employed in the City first before outside markets. Ongoing. The City continues to encourage developers to rent and sell to those who work or live in the City first before advertising in outside markets. San Luis Ranch and Avila Ranch are examples of projects where the developers, through a Development Agreement, specified ways in which they would sell units to locals first. Modify and Continue 10.5 Local Preference Work with Cal Poly to address the link between enrollment and the expansion of campus housing programs at Cal Poly University to reduce pressure on the City's housing supply. On-going. Cal Poly has expanded on- campus housing and helped offset off- campus student housing needs. In 2018, Cal Poly completed the yakʔitʸutʸu housing community complex. The $198 million project in located on 12-acres at the south entrance to the campus and consists of seven three- to five-story residential buildings containing a total of 1,475 beds, an adjacent four-level parking structure, outdoor space for activities, and laundry facilities. Delete 10.6 Local Preference Work with other jurisdictions to advocate for State legislation that would: 1) provide funding to help Cal Poly University provide adequate on- campus student housing, and 2) allow greater flexibility for State universities and community colleges to enter into public-private partnerships to construct student housing. On-going. City continues to support Cal Poly’s efforts to enter public-private housing partnerships. Modify and Continue City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 H23 Prog. # Goals Objective (quantified/ qualified) Progress and Evaluation Continue, Modify or Delete Goal 11 - Suitability. Develop and retain housing on sites that are suitable for that purpose. 11.3 Suitability The City will continue to ensure the ability of legal, non-conforming uses to continue where new development is proposed. Implemented. The City continues to uphold the Zoning Regulation provisions that allow the continued use of residential on sites that are zoned for other purposes. Delete City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 I1 Appendix I Implementation Plan ______________________________________________________________________________ This appendix describes the programs that the City will implement during the timeframe of this Housing Element. The programs are designed to achieve goals and carry out policies listed in Chapter 3, and to address housing needs and issues described elsewhere in the document. Each program identifies specific actions to be accomplished, the responsible party, implementation timeframe, potential resources, and comments on expected results or methodology. The Implementation Plan addresses a wide range of housing needs and represents a commitment by the City to address those needs in a responsible manner. The programs are intended to build upon one another; no single program is perceived as a solution to meeting the City’s housing needs. The most effective approach is to combine a variety of programs or “tools” to provide incentives and resources, secure financial and technical assistance, and remove unnecessary impediments to housing to the maximum extent feasible. These are uncertain times for cities and counties. The economic resources necessary to implement some of the more ambitious housing programs may be extremely limited. To the extent such funds are available; the City intends to use state and federal grants, loans, technical assistance, or other forms of assistance in combination with local resources. The City intends to implement the programs in the timeframes outlined below; however, these timeframes must remain somewhat flexible, allowing earlier or later implementation in response to changing housing needs, resources, and opportunities. Appendix I includes a numerical listing of all goals followed by the housing programs to be implemented to help achieve that goal. The symbol “n/a” is applied to programs that can generally be implemented as part of regular City staffing and operations, without the need for outside funding. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 I2 Table I - 1: Program Implementation Details No. Program Responsible Agency Priority/ Time frame Potential Resources Goal 1: Safety 1.5 Correct unsafe, unsanitary or illegal housing conditions, improve accessibility and energy efficiency and improve neighborhoods by using Federal, State and local housing funds, such as Community Development Block Grant Funds. Community Development Department (CDD): Building Division & Housing Coordinator On-going Affordable Housing Fund, State Grants, Federal CDBG 1.6 Continue code enforcement to expedite the removal of illegal or unsafe dwellings to eliminate hazardous site or property conditions and resolve chronic building safety problems. CDD: Code Enforcement; City Attorney On-going n/a 1.7 Continue to support local and regional solutions to homelessness by funding supportive programs services, and housing solutions. CDD; County Dept. of Social Services On-going County Emergency Solutions Grant, CDBG, General Fund, Continuum of Care (CoC) Funds Goal 2: Affordability 2.5 Continue to manage the Affordable Housing Fund so that the fund serves as a sustainable resource for supporting affordable housing development. The fund shall serve as a source of both grant funding and below-market financing for affordable housing projects; and funds shall be used to support a wide variety of housing types at the following income levels: extremely low, very low, low, and moderate, but with a focus on production efficiency to maximize housing benefits for the City’s financial investment, and to support high-quality housing projects that would not be feasible without Affordable Housing Fund support. CDD: Housing Coordinator; Finance Department On going Affordable Housing Fund 2.6 Continue to review existing and proposed building, planning, engineering and fire policies and standards as housing developments are reviewed to determine whether changes are possible that could assist the production of affordable housing, or that would encourage preservation of housing rather than conversion to non- residential uses, provided such changes would not conflict with other General Plan policies. Such periodic reviews will seek to remove regulations that have been superseded, are redundant, or no longer needed. CDD: Planning Division On-going n/a City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 I3 No. Program Responsible Agency Priority/ Time frame Potential Resources 2.7 Continue to prioritize procedures that speed up the processing of applications, construction permits, and water and sewer service priorities for affordable housing projects. City staff and commissions shall give such projects priority in allocating work assignments, scheduling, conferences and hearings. CDD; Public Works; Utilities Departments (Community Services Branch) On going n/a 2.8 Continue to coordinate public and private sector actions to encourage the development of housing that meets the City's housing needs. CDD: Housing Coordinator On-going n/a 2.9 Continue to assist with the issuance of bonds, tax credit financing, loan underwriting, or other financial tools to help develop or preserve affordable units through various programs. CDD: Housing Coordinator; Finance Department On-going State and Federal funding programs, CalHFA 2.10 Consider updating the Affordable Housing Standards to include Homeowners’ Association (HOA) fees and a standard allowance for utilities in the calculation for affordable rents and home sales prices. CDD: Housing Coordinator & Planning Division High- July 2022 General Fund 2.11 In conjunction with the Housing Authority and other local housing agencies, continue to provide on-going technical assistance and education to tenants, property owners and the community at large on the need to preserve at-risk units as well as the available tools to help them do so. CDD: Housing Coordinator & Planning Division On-going Affordable Housing Fund, State & Federal funding programs 2.12 In conjunction with housing providers and the residential design community, continue to provide planning services as requested by the public, builders, design professionals and developers regarding strategies to achieve affordable housing and density bonuses. CDD: Planning Division On-going n/a 2.13 Update the Inclusionary Housing Ordinance, including Table 2A, based on findings and recommendations in the 2020 Affordable Housing Nexus Study and conduct further feasibility analysis in order to evaluate the City’s ability to provide affordable housing in the proportions shown in the Regional Housing Needs Allocation, per Policy 2.4. CDD: Planning Division & Housing Coordinator High – July 2022 General Fund, State and Federal Funding Sources 2.14 Continue to support increasing residential densities for projects that provide housing for extremely low, very low, and low income households. City Community Services Branch On going n/a City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 I4 No. Program Responsible Agency Priority/ Time frame Potential Resources 2.15 Evaluate a flexible density pilot program and initiate an update of the Zoning Regulations and Community Design Guidelines to incorporate flexible density development options in Downtown and portions of Upper Monterey and Mid- Higuera Special Focus Areas to support the production of smaller residential units (150 to 600 square feet). CDD: Planning Division High – July 2022 SB 2 Grant Funding Goal 3: Housing Conservation 3.7 Continue to encourage the creation of dwellings in the Downtown Core (C-D Zone) and the Downtown Planning Area by continuing the “no net housing loss” program, consistent with Chapter 17.142 (Downtown Housing Conversion Regulations) of the Zoning Regulations. CDD: Planning Division On-going n/a 3.8 Continue to identify residential properties and districts eligible for local, State or Federal historic listing in accordance with guidelines and standards help property owners repair, rehabilitate and improve properties in a historically and architecturally sensitive manner. CDD: Planning Division; Cultural Heritage Committee On-going Mills Act program, Historic Surveys & Historic Rehabilitation Tax Credits 3.9 Continue to monitor and track affordable housing units at-risk of being converted to market rate housing annually. Provide resources to support the Housing Authority, and local housing agencies, purchase and manage at-risk units. CDD: Housing Coordinator On going n/a 3.10 Working with non-profit organizations, faith-based organizations, or the Housing Authority of the City of San Luis Obispo, the City will encourage rehabilitation of residential, commercial or industrial buildings to expand extremely low, very- low, low or moderate income rental housing opportunities. CDD: Housing Coordinator & Planning Division On-going State and Federal Grant Sources& Affordable Housing Fund Goal 4: Mixed-Income Housing 4.5 Review new development proposals for compliance with City regulations and revise projects or establish conditions of approval as needed to implement the mixed-income policies. CDD: Planning Division; Planning Commission; City Council On-going n/a City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 I5 No. Program Responsible Agency Priority/ Time frame Potential Resources 4.6 Amend the City’s Inclusionary Housing Ordinance to require that affordable units in a development be of similar size, number of bedrooms, character and basic quality as the non-restricted units in locations that avoid segregation of such units, including equivalent ways to satisfy the requirement. Also evaluate adjusting the City’s allowable sales prices for deed-restricted affordable units per a variety of unit types. CDD: Housing Coordinator & Planning Division High – July 2022 State and Federal Funding Sources, General Fund Goal 5: Housing Variety and Tenure 5.5 Evaluate opportunities for promoting “missing middle” housing types (e.g. duplex, triplex, quadplex, cottages, etc.) to increase housing options in the City. CDD: Planning Division Medium – July 2023 State and Federal Funding Sources, General Fund 5.6 Consider amending the Zoning Regulations to streamline the permitting process for mixed-used projects in commercial zones. CDD, Planning Division Medium – July 2023 n/a Goal 6: Housing Production 6.10 Maintain the General Plan and Residential Growth Management Regulations (SLOMC 17.144) exemption for new housing in the Downtown Core (C-D zone), accessory dwelling units (ADUs), and new housing in other zones for deed-restricted extremely- low, very low, low- and moderate income households, pursuant to the Affordable Housing Standards. CDD: Planning Division; Planning Commission; City Council On-going n/a 6.11 Continue to allow flexible parking regulations for housing development, especially in the Downtown Core (C-D Zone), including the possibilities of flexible use of city parking facilities by Downtown residents, where appropriate, and reduced or no parking requirements where appropriate guarantees limit occupancies to persons without motor vehicles or who provide proof of reserved, off-site parking. Such developments may be subject to requirements for parking use fees, use limitations and enforcement provisions. CDD: Planning Division; Public Works: Parking Division On going n/a 6.12 Continue to develop incentives to encourage additional housing in the Downtown, Upper Monterey, and Mid- Higuera Special Focus Areas, particularly in mixed-use developments. Density based on flexible density in a project should be explored to encourage the development of smaller units. CDD: Planning Division High – July 2022 SB 2 Grant Funding City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 I6 No. Program Responsible Agency Priority/ Time frame Potential Resources 6.13 Consider General Plan amendments to rezone commercial, manufacturing, or public facility zoned areas for higher- density, infill or mixed-use housing where compatible with surrounding development. CDD: Planning Division; Planning Commission; City Council On going n/a 6.14 Continue to provide resources that support the SLO County Housing Trust Fund’s efforts to provide below-market financing and technical assistance to affordable housing developers as a way to increase affordable housing production in the City of San Luis Obispo. CDD: Housing Coordinator On going Affordable Housing Fund, State and Federal Funding Sources 6.15 Encourage residential development through infill development and densification within City Limits and in designated expansion areas over new annexation of land. CDD: Planning Division On-going n/a 6.16 Seek opportunities with other public and private agencies to identify excess, surplus, and underutilized parcels for residential development. CDD: Housing Coordinator & Planning Division On-going State and Federal Funding Sources, Affordable Housing Fund 6.17 Continue to incentivize affordable housing development consistent with SLOMC Affordable Housing Incentives. CDD: Planning Division; Planning Commission On going n/a 6.18 Continue to financially assist in the development of housing affordable to extremely low, very-low, low- and moderate income households during the planning period using State, Federal, and local funding sources, with funding priority given to projects that result in the maximum housing benefits for the lowest household income levels. CDD: Housing Coordinator On-going State and Federal Funding Sources, Affordable Housing Fund 6.19 Actively seek new revenue sources, including State, Federal and private/non- profit sources, and financing mechanisms to assist with the development of housing affordable to extremely low, very low and low or moderate income households. CDD: Housing Coordinator On-going State and Federal Funding Sources, Affordable Housing Fund 6.20 Continue to update the Affordable Housing Incentives (Chapter 17.90140, SLOMC) and Zoning Regulations to ensure density bonus incentives are consistent with State Law. CDD: Planning Division On going n/a City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 I7 No. Program Responsible Agency Priority/ Time frame Potential Resources 6.21 Evaluate and consider updating the Subdivision Regulations to support small lot subdivisions, ownership bungalow court development and other alternatives to conventional subdivision design. CDD: Planning Division Medium July 2023 State Funding Sources, General Fund 6.22 Continue to submit the Housing Element Annual Progress Report (APR) to the State Department of Housing and Community Development and the Governor’s Office of Planning and Research on or before April 1st of each year for the prior calendar year, pursuant to Government Code Section 65400. CDD: Housing Coordinator On-going n/a Goal 7: Neighborhood Quality 7.10 Continue to utilize a diverse range of outreach methods, including email notifications, the City’s website and social media accounts, and neighborhood outreach meetings to ensure residents are aware of and able to participate in planning decisions affecting their neighborhoods early in the planning process. CDD; Administration Department: City Clerk Office On-going n/a 7.11 Continue to work directly with neighborhood groups and individuals to address concerns pertaining to neighborhood needs, problems, trends, and opportunities for physical improvements. CDD: Planning Division & Code Enforcement; Police Department On going n/a 7.12 Continue to fund neighborhood improvements, including parks, sidewalks, traffic calming devices, crosswalks, parkways, street trees and street lighting to improve aesthetics, safety and accessibility. CDD: Public Works; Parks and Recreation Departments On-going State and Federal Funding Sources, Local Revenue Measures, General Fund 7.13 Continue the City’s Neighborhood Services and Code Enforcement programs to support neighborhood wellness. CDD: Code Enforcement; Police Department: Neighborhood Outreach Coordinator On going n/a Goal 8: Special Housing Needs 8.11 Continue to provide resources that support local and regional solutions to meet the needs of the homeless and continue to support, jointly with other agencies, shelters and programs, such as Housing First and CDD: Housing Coordinator; County Dept. of Social Services; City On going CDBG, ESG, CoC Funding, State and Federal Funding Sources, General Fund City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 I8 No. Program Responsible Agency Priority/ Time frame Potential Resources Rapid Rehousing, for the homeless and for displaced individuals and families. Homelessness Task Force 8.12 Continue to enforce the mobile home rent stabilization program to minimize increases in the cost of mobile home park space rents. City Attorney On going n/a 8.13 Support opportunities within the City suitable for tenant-owned mobile-home parks, cooperative or limited equity housing, manufactured housing, self-help housing, or other types of housing that meets special needs. CDD; Public Works & Utilities Department On going n/a 8.14 Advocate developing more housing and refurbishing campus housing at Cal Poly University. CDD: Planning Division; Administration Department On-going n/a 8.15 Work with Cal Poly University Administration to secure designation of on- campus fraternity/sorority living groups. CDD: Planning Division; Administration Department On-going n/a 8.16 Continue to support “good neighbor programs” with Cal Poly State University, Cuesta College, the City and local residents. The programs should continue to improve communication and cooperation between all groups about student housing in residential neighborhoods. CDD: Code Enforcement; Police Department: Neighborhood Outreach Coordinator & Officers On-going n/a 8.17 Provide public educational information at various City Offices, on the City website, and other electronic media platforms on universal design concepts (i.e. aging in place) for new and existing residential dwellings. CDD On-going n/a 8.18 Amend the Zoning Regulations to allow homeless shelters, transitional housing and supportive housing (low barrier navigation centers) in all residential zones, areas zoned for mixed-uses, and nonresidential zones permitting multifamily uses without a conditional use permit to be alignment with Government Code Section 65660 (AB 101). CDD: Planning Division High- July 2021 n/a 8.19 Continue to look for partnership opportunities with non-profit housing developers and service providers to acquire vacant, blighted, or underutilized properties (land, retail or commercial space, motels, apartments, housing units, mobile home parks) for conversion into affordable CDD: Housing Coordinator On-going n/a City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 I9 No. Program Responsible Agency Priority/ Time frame Potential Resources permanent and supportive housing for homeless persons and families. 8.20 Continue to seek State, Federal, and local funding sources to encourage and financially assist the development of housing for persons with developmental disabilities. CDD: Housing Coordinator On-going Affordable Housing Fund, State and Federal Funding Sources 8.21 Continue to coordinate with the County Department of Social Services, Homeless Services Oversight Council (HSOC), social service providers, and non-profit organizations to identify, evaluate, and implement strategies to reduce the impacts of homelessness on the City. CDD: Housing Coordinator; Police Department On going n/a 8.22 Work with other jurisdictions to advocate for State legislation that would: 1) provide funding to help Cal Poly University provide adequate on-campus student housing, and 2) allow greater flexibility for State universities and community colleges to enter into public-private partnerships to construct student housing. CDD: Planning Division On going n/a Goal 9: Sustainable Housing 9.6 Continue to educate planning and building staff and citizen review bodies on energy conservation issues, including the City’s energy conservation policies and Climate Action Plan. Staff shall work with applicants to achieve the City’s energy conservation goals. CDD: Planning & Building Divisions; Administration Department, Office of Sustainability On-going n/a 9.7 Continue to provide assurance of long-term solar access for new or remodeled housing and for adjacent properties, consistent with historic preservation guidelines. CDD: Planning Division On going n/a 9.8 Implement Climate Action Plan programs that increase the production of “green” housing units and projects and require use of sustainable and/or renewable materials, water, and energy technologies (such as, but not limited to solar, wind, or thermal).. CDD: Planning & Building Divisions; Administration Department, Office of Sustainability On going n/a 9.9 Continue to promote building materials reuse and recycling in site development and residential construction, including flexible standards for use of salvaged, recycled, and “green” building materials. Continue the City’s construction and demolition debris CDD: Building Division; Utilities Department On-going n/a City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 I10 No. Program Responsible Agency Priority/ Time frame Potential Resources recycling program as described in Chapter 8.05 of the Municipal Code. 9.10 Continue to support programs for sustainable home improvements such as solar panels, heating and cooling systems, water conservation and energy efficient windows. CDD: Building & Planning Divisions; Office of Sustainability On-going n/a Goal 10: Local Preference 10.3 Continue to work with the County for any land use decisions that create significant expansion of employment in the unincorporated areas adjacent to the City to mitigate housing impacts on the City. CDD: Planning Division; County: Planning and Building On-going n/a 10.4 Continue to work with housing developers to include restrictions in purchase agreements and CCRs to require for sale units to be restricted to owner-occupants for the first five years after sale. CDD: Planning Division On-going n/a City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 L1 Appendix J Definitions ______________________________________________________________________________ Affordable Housing [“Deed Restricted”]. Housing that meets the rental or sales price standards as established by the City and published annually in the Affordable Housing Standards. Such housing is made available for very-low, low and moderate income persons or households, and subject to deed restrictions or other instrument that ensure the housing remains affordable for a predetermined period. Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU). An attached or detached dwelling unit that provides complete independent living facilities for one or more persons and is located on a lot with another primary, single-unit dwelling. An ADU includes permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking and sanitation on the same lot as the primary unit. An ADU may be structured as one efficiency unit, as defined in of the Health and Safety Code Section 17958.1, and/or (2) a manufactured home, as defined in of the Health and Safety Code Section 18007, among other formats. Accessory Dwelling Unit, Attached. An ADU that is either attached to (by a minimum of one shared wall), or completely contained within, the primary existing space of the single-unit dwelling unit or existing accessory structure. Accessory Dwelling Unit, Detached. An ADU that provides new residential square footage not attached or sharing any walls with the primary existing single-unit dwelling. Assisted Housing. Housing units, including multi-family or single-family, whose construction, financing, sales prices, or rents have been subsidized by Federal, State, or local housing programs, and units developed pursuant to local inclusionary housing and density bonus programs. Below-market-rate Housing. Housing that is sold or rented at prices less than the fair market value or prevailing market rent for the unit, and the financing of housing at less than prevailing interest rates. Boarding House. A boarding house is a residence or dwelling, other than a motel or hotel, wherein two or more rooms, with or without individual or group cooking facilities, are rented to three or more individuals under separate rental agreements or leases, either written or oral, whether or not an owner, agent or rental manager is in the residence. Meals may also be included. This use type includes convents, monasteries, and student dormitories, but does not include “Fraternities and Sororities,” which are separately defined, nor does it include a fraternity or sorority that is not in good standing with the California Polytechnic University. Notwithstanding this definition, no single-unit dwelling operated as a group home pursuant to the Community Care Facilities Act, which is otherwise exempt from local Zoning Regulations, shall be considered a boarding house. Building. Any structure used or intended for sheltering or supporting any use or occupancy. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 L2 Build-out. That level of urban development characterized by full occupancy of all developable sites within the City’s Urban Reserve, in accordance with the General Plan; the maximum level of development anticipated by the General Plan by the year 2035. Build-out does not assume that each parcel is developed with the maximum floor area or dwelling units possible under zoning regulations. Community Development Block Grant (CDBG). A grant program administered by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) on a formula basis for entitlement communities and urban counties, and by the State Department of Housing and Community Development (HCD) for non-entitled jurisdictions. CDBG funds are used by cities and counties for land purchase, housing rehabilitation and community development, public services and facilities, economic development, and other purposes that primarily benefit persons or households with incomes less than 80 percent of County median income. Covenants, Conditions and Restrictions (CC&Rs). Restrictions or requirements that are placed on a property and its use by a property owner, usually as a condition of subdivision approval. CC&Rs are a deed restriction and “run with the land,” and are legally binding. Density Bonus. An increase in the allowed base density applied to a residential development project. The increase allows the development of more dwellings than a property’s zoning would otherwise allow and is usually in exchange for the provision or preservation of affordable housing or housing amenity. Developmental Disability. A disability that originates before an individual becomes 18 years old, continues, or can be expected to continue indefinitely, and constitutes a substantial disability for that individual. Density, Residential. The number of permanent dwellings per net acre, measured in Density Units, as further described in Chapter 17.70.040 of the Zoning Regulations. Density Unit A density unit is defined as a two-bedroom dwelling. In the AG, C/OS and R-1 zones, each dwelling, of any number of bedrooms, counts as one density unit. In all other zones, dwellings with different bedroom numbers have density unit values as follows: a. Studio and one-bedroom dwellings less than 600 square feet = 0.50 unit; b. One-bedroom dwellings between 601 and 1,000 square feet = 0.66 unit; c. Two-bedroom dwelling = 1.00 unit; d. Three-bedroom dwelling = 1.50 units; e. Dwelling with four or more bedrooms = 2.00 units Director. The Director of the City’s Community Development Department, or another staff person authorized by the Director to act on his or her behalf. Dormitory. A building used as a group quarters for students, as an accessory use for a college, university, boarding school, or other similar institutional use. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 L3 Downtown Core. The City’s central business district, comprising the most diverse mix of residential, commercial, governmental, and public uses, and defined by the “C-D” zone boundary as shown in the Zoning Map. Downtown Planning Area. The central area of the City generally defined by the boundaries formed by State Highway 101, the Union Pacific Railroad Right-of-Way, and High Street, and the intersections thereof, as described in the General Plan Land Use Element. Elderly or Senior Housing. Housing designed to meet the needs of and enforceably restricted to occupancy by persons 62 years of age and older or, if more than 150 units, persons 55 years of age and older. Enforceably Restricted. Refers to housing that is deemed affordable under the City’s Affordable Housing Standards and that is subject to deed restrictions, affordable housing agreements or other mechanisms to ensure the housing remains affordable for a prescribed period. Expansion Area. An area located outside City limits but within the Urban Reserve and designated for future urban development, as further described in the General Plan Land Use Element text and map. Fair Market Rent. The rent, including utility allowances, determined by the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development (“HUD”) for purposes of administering the Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Program. Fraternity House (or Sorority House). A residence for college or university students who are members of a social or educational association, and where such an association holds meetings or gatherings. Granny Flat. See “Accessory Dwelling Unit.” Historic Property. A property, including land and building, determined by the City to have archaeological, historical, or architectural significance as described in the Historic Preservation Program Guidelines, and listed on the Contributing Properties List or Master List of Historic Resources. Household. All persons, including those related by birth, marriage or adoption and unrelated persons, who occupy a single dwelling. Housing or “Dwelling” Unit. A building, a modular home, a mobile home, a cooperative, or any other residential use considered real property under State law and on a permanent foundation, with provisions for sleeping, cooking and sanitation, and with permanent connections to utilities. Infill Housing. Development of housing on vacant lots within the City limits on property zoned for such uses. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 L4 Jobs-Housing Balance. A ratio describing the number of jobs compared with dwelling units in a defined geographic area, and a measure of the adequacy of the housing stock to meet community needs. Live-Work or Work-Live Unit. An integrated housing unit and working space, occupied and utilized by a single household in a structure, either single-unit or multi-unit, and may include only commercial activities and pursuits that are compatible with the character of a quiet residential environment. May be designed or structurally modified to accommodate joint residential occupancy and work activity, and which includes: (1) complete kitchen space and sanitary facilities in compliance with the City building code and (2) working space reserved for and regularly used by one or more occupants of the unit. Low Barrier Navigation Centers. Housing First, low-barrier, service-enriched shelter focused on moving people into permanent housing that provides temporary living facilities while case managers connect individuals experiencing homelessness to income, public benefits, health services, shelter, and housing (California Gov. Code §65660). Mixed-Use Development. A development that combines both nonresidential and residential uses, where the residential component may be live/work and is typically located above or behind the commercial. Multi-family Dwelling. A dwelling that is part of a structure containing one or more other dwellings, or a non-residential use. An example of the latter is a mixed-use development where one or more dwellings are part of a structure that also contains one or more commercial uses (retail, office, etc.). Multi-family dwellings include: duplexes, triplexes, fourplexes (buildings under one ownership containing two, three or four dwellings, respectively, in the same structure); apartments (five or more units under one ownership in a single building); and townhouse development (three or more attached dwellings where no unit is located above another unit. It does not include Accessory Dwelling Units). Municipal project. A development project designed, funded, or carried out by the City of San Luis Obispo and described as a “capital project” in the City’s Financial Plan. Parcel. An area of land defined by boundaries set by the Tax Assessor of the County of San Luis Obispo, roughly equivalent to the meaning of a “lot” for development purposes. Regional Housing Needs Allocation (RHNA). A determination of a locality’s housing needs by the local Council of Government and based on State law, that takes into account various factors such as population growth, employment growth, vacancy rates, housing removals, and concentration of poverty. Rehabilitation. The repair, preservation, and or improvement of housing; and for historically designated structures, work done according to rehabilitation standards established by the U.S. Secretary of the Interior and described in the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties and related documents. City of San Luis Obispo Draft Housing Element, July 2020 L5 Residential. Land designated in the General Plan and Zoning Regulations for dwellings and accessory uses. Sensitive Site. A site determined by the Community Development Director, Planning or Architectural Review Commission, or City Council, to have special characteristics or limitations, such as historic significance, creekside location, or visual prominence, requiring more detailed development review than would otherwise be required for other similarly zoned lots nearby. Single-family Dwelling, Detached. A dwelling occupied or intended for occupancy by only one household, and that is structurally and physically separate from any other such dwelling. Single Room Occupancy (SRO) Unit. A single-room dwelling, typically 80-250 square feet in floor area, with a sink and a closet, with communal or individual facilities for cooking and sanitation. Supportive Housing. A dwelling unit occupied by a target population, with no limit on length of stay, that is linked to onsite or off-site services that assist the supportive housing resident(s) in retaining the housing, improving their health status, and maximizing their ability to live and, when possible, work in the community (California Gov. Code §65582[f]). Tenure. The mode or status of residency, whether by renting or owning real property. Tiny House - Moveable. A residential dwelling unit that is accessory to a principal residential dwelling unit located on the same parcel of land, which provides complete independent living quarters for one household, and meets the following conditions: 1. Is towable by a bumper hitch, frame-towing hitch, or fifth-wheel connection and is designed not to and cannot move under its own power; 2. Is no larger than allowed by California State law for movement on public highways; and 3. Is a detached self-contained residential dwelling unit which includes facilities and functional areas for living, sleeping, eating, cooking, and sanitation. Transitional Housing. Buildings configured as rental housing developments, but operated under program requirements that require the termination of assistance and recirculating of the assisted unit to another eligible program recipient at a predetermined future point in time that shall be no less than six months from the beginning of assistance (California Gov. Code §65582[h]). Underutilized Site. A site that has the land area capacity to accommodate additional dwelling unit(s) while meeting all General Plan policies and all zoning regulations, including setbacks, building height and lot coverage requirements without the application of variances. Universal Design. Universal design is the design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible without the need for adaptation or specialized design.