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Home My WebLink AboutBates 07945-08146 - 36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report - Copywww.FirstCarbonSolutions.com Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo County, California Prepared for: John Madonna Construction Company 12165 Los Osos Valley Road San Luis Obispo, CA 93405 Contact: John Madonna, Owner Prepared by: FirstCarbon Solutions 1350 Treat Blvd. Suite 380 Walnut Creek, CA 94597 925.357.2562 Contact: Mary Bean, Project Director Carrie D. Wills, M.A., RPA, Senior Scientist, Archaeology Report Date: February 20, 2015 07945 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 07946 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Table of Contents FirstCarbon Solutions iii H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx Table of Contents Management Summary ................................................................................................................. 1 Section 1: Introduction .................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 - Project Description ............................................................................................................ 3 1.2 - Area of Potential Effect (APE) ............................................................................................ 3 1.3 - Report Team ...................................................................................................................... 4 Section 2: Cultural Setting .............................................................................................................. 9 2.1 - Prehistoric Background ..................................................................................................... 9 2.2 - Native American Background .......................................................................................... 12 2.2.1 - The Obispeño Chumash ....................................................................................... 12 2.3 - Historic Background ........................................................................................................ 13 2.3.1 - Spanish-Mexican Period (A.D. 1769 to 1848) ....................................................... 13 Section 3: Results ......................................................................................................................... 15 3.1 - Record Searches .............................................................................................................. 15 3.1.1 - Central Coast Information Center Record Search ................................................ 15 3.1.2 - Native American Heritage Commission Record Search ........................................ 20 3.2 - Results of Field Survey ..................................................................................................... 21 3.3 - Summary ......................................................................................................................... 27 3.4 - Recommendations ........................................................................................................... 29 3.4.1 - Avoidance ............................................................................................................. 29 3.4.2 - Monitoring ........................................................................................................... 29 3.5 - Inadvertent Discovery Procedures .................................................................................. 29 3.5.1 - Accidental Discovery of Human Remains ............................................................. 29 3.5.2 - Accidental Discovery of Cultural Resources ......................................................... 30 Section 4: References ................................................................................................................... 33 Appendix A: Historic Report Appendix B: Prehistoric Project Area Photographs Appendix C: Prehistoric Cultural Resources Correspondence C.1 - Information Center Records Response C.2 - Native American Heritage Commission Response C.3 - Native American Information Request Representative Letter Appendix D: Personnel Qualifications Appendix E: Regulatory Framework Appendix F: Prehistoric Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) Forms 07947 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Table of Contents Section 106 Prehistoric Report iv FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx List of Tables Table 1: Sites within Project APE and 0.50 Miles of APE ....................................................................... 15 Table 2: Studies within the Project APE and 0.50 Mile of APE .............................................................. 16 List of Exhibits Exhibit 1: Project Area of Potential Effects (APE) Map ............................................................................ 1 Exhibit 2: Regional Location Map ............................................................................................................ 5 Exhibit 3: Local Vicinity Map, Topographic Base ..................................................................................... 7 Exhibit 4: North Project Area and Locations of Archaeological Sites and Isolate Artifacts ................... 23 Exhibit 5: South Project Area and Locations of Archaeological Sites and Isolate Artifacts ................... 25 07948 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Management Summary FirstCarbon Solutions 1 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx MANAGEMENT SUMMARY At the request of John Madonna Construction Company (Madonna), FirstCarbon Solutions (FCS) prepared a Prehistoric Report (Report) for the Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan project that included record search reviews and a field survey of the proposed Area of Potential Effects (APE) located within the City of San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo County, California (Exhibit 1). The components of the Report included a record search at the Central Coast Information Center (CCIC), a search of the Native American Heritage Commission’s (NAHC’s) Sacred Lands file, a field survey, finding and evaluating two previously recorded prehistoric sites, and updating DPR forms (Appendix F). In addition, Native American consultation was conducted with a representative from the Salinan Tribe. Since the proposed project would affect the waters of the United States, the project proponent must meet the requirements of Section 404 of the Clean Water Act and/or Section 10 of the Rivers and Harbors Act and, therefore, is seeking a permit from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). The purpose of this report is to document the presence or absence of any potentially significant historic properties located within the project’s APE, and, if historic properties would be affected by the proposed project, to propose recommendations to mitigate the effects. The term “historic property” is defined in the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) as “any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object included in, or eligible for inclusion on the National Register.” This term includes artifacts, records, and remains which are related to such district, site, building, structure, or object (16 U.S.C. Section 470(w)(5)). Completion of this investigation fulfills the protocols associated with Section 106 of the NHPA. According to the Specific Plan, Madonna intends to develop the existing 109.0-acre Froom Ranch into variously sized apartment complexes, senior housing, and commercial developments. A records search including the APE and a 0.50-mile radius was conducted by staff at the CCIC, located at the University of California, Santa Barbara, on January 5, 2015. Results from the search indicate that two prehistoric resources and one historic resource have been previously recorded within the APE. The two prehistoric resources are CA-SLO-783, a bedrock mortar site, and CA-SLO-1195, a lithic/bone/shell scatter. The historic resource, P-40-040991, is the complex of buildings comprising the Froom Ranch and Dairy. In addition, five studies have previously been conducted within the APE. Three of the study/survey reports (E-590, E-2723, and E-3708) detail the findings of the two previously recorded prehistoric resources and the one historic resource. Two other studies (E-4663 and E-4706) conducted in the project APE did not produce any findings for cultural resources. Furthermore,36 studies have been conducted within the 0.50-mile search radius, from which three prehistoric resources were recorded within 0.50 mile of the APE. On December 31, 2014, FCS sent a letter to the NAHC to determine if any sacred sites are listed on its Sacred Lands File for the APE. A response was received on January 21, 2015, stating the search failed to indicate the presence of Native American cultural resources the APE. The response included a list of 22 Native American tribal members to contact and these were sent letters on January 23, 2015 asking for any additional information about the APE. On January 28, a response was received from Patti Dunton, Administrator of the Salinan Tribe of Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties, 07949 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Management Summary Section 106 Prehistoric Report 2 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx requesting that “all planned development stay clear of the two recorded sites and that all ground disturbing activities be monitored by an archaeologist and a culturally affiliated Playano Salinan monitor.” In addition, the tribe hoped that development avoid Irish Hills Open Space. Follow-up emails by FCS and Ms. Dunton included discussions about the idea presented at the January 20, 2015 charrette meeting at rrm design group about moving three bedrock mortars closer to the creek. Ms. Dutton indicated that she would like to meet FCS or the developer onsite to visually assess what impacts moving the bedrock mortars would have. On February 17, 2015, the design director for the project contacted FCS and said they would not be moving the bedrock mortars. FCS subsequently sent an email to Ms. Dutton informing her that the mortars would not be moved and asking her if she had any additional concerns or requests. On February 17, 2015, Ms. Dunton responded that she had no additional comments on the project. FCS Archaeologists Carrie D. Wills, M.A., RPA; Dana DePietro, Ph.D.; and Cher L. Peterson, B.A. conducted an intensive pedestrian survey within the project APE from January 6 through January 8, 2015. Two previously recorded prehistoric resources (CA-SLO-783 and CA-SLO-1195) located within the project APE were investigated to ascertain the current condition of the resources. In addition, Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) Archaeological Site Records for each site was updated to reflect current findings for both resources. The historic resource (P-40-040991) comprising the historic Froom Ranch and Dairy building complex was evaluated for National Register of Historic Properties eligibility by a qualified architectural historian. A separate report detailing the results of this study was completed by FCS Architectural Historian, Kathleen Crawford, M.A. No additional prehistoric resource sites were discovered during the course of the survey; however, isolate prehistoric lithic tools and debitage (waste flakes from the manufacture of stone tools) were encountered and mapped during the survey. In addition, four rock walls, a stone revetment/ retaining wall, and a recent stone fire pit were mapped and photographed. It is currently unknown when these rock features were constructed; however, the property owner, John Madonna, believes they are related to the historic era Froom Ranch and Dairy. As designed, the proposed Froom Ranch/El Villagio project will avoid both prehistoric archaeological sites, CA-SLO-783 and CA-SLO-1195; therefore, for the purposes of Section 106, it is considered that project development will not affect historic properties. 07950 L o s O s o s V a ll e y R d Calle Joaquin þ1 36110015 • 01/2015 | 1_ape.mxd Exhibit1ProjectAreaofPotentialEffects (APE) MapI Source: ESRIImagery 650 0650325 Feet JOHNMADONNACONSTRUCTION • FROOMRANCH / ELVILLAGIOSPECIFICPLAN SECTION106PREHISTORICREPORT Legend AreaofPotentialEffects 07951 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 07952 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Introduction FirstCarbon Solutions 3 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION Since implementation of the project may include permitting (Section 404 Permits) required by the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), it would be necessary to comply with Section 106 of the NHPA. As the lead federal agency for compliance with the NHPA, it is USACE’s responsibility to consult with the SHPO before granting permits, funding, or other authorization of the undertaking. The Section 106 review process normally involves a four-step procedure described in detail in the regulations implementing Section 106 of the NHPA (36 CFR Part 800). Following is a brief summary of the basic tenets of the process: Identify and evaluate historic properties in consultation with the SHPO and interested parties. Assess the effects of the undertaking on properties that are eligible for inclusion in the NRHP. Consult with the SHPO, other agencies, and interested parties to develop an agreement that addresses the treatment of historic properties and notify the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation. Proceed with the project according to the conditions of the agreement. 1.1 - Project Description According to the Specific Plan, Madonna intends to develop the existing 109.0-acre ranch into apartment complexes, senior housing, and commercial developments. Details of the areas to be developed, the styles and numbers of buildings/structures, and the areas to remain undeveloped are still being refined. 1.2 - Area of Potential Effect (APE) The APE for the proposed project consists of the areas and resources that could potentially be directly or indirectly affected by the proposed project (Exhibit 1). The APE was ascertained by examining the planned project construction methods, the existing topography, and the current level of urbanization. The APE consists of the approximately 109.0-acre Froom Ranch/El Villagio project area. Given these parameters, the direct APE is confined to the location of the proposed Froom Ranch/El Villagio construction project. The visual indirect APE is considered all that area within a 0.50-mile radius of those portions of the project once completed. The project site is located just outside the City of San Luis Obispo city limits in San Luis Obispo County, California (Exhibit 2). The approximately 109.0-acre site is generally bounded by Los Osos Valley Road to the east, Calle Joaquin to the southeast, commercial complexes to the north, and open space to the west and southwest. The project APE corresponds to Township 31 South, Range 12 East, Sections 3 and 10, Mt. Diablo Meridian of the San Luis Obispo, California, Quadrangle 7.5 Minute Series Topographical Map published by the U.S. Geological Survey (Exhibit 3). 07953 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Introduction Section 106 Prehistoric Report 4 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx 1.3 - Report Team FCS Archaeologists Carrie D. Wills, M.A., RPA; Dana DePietro, Ph.D.; and Cher L. Peterson, B.A. surveyed the APE from January 6 through January 8, 2015. Professional qualifications can be found in Appendix D. 07954 101 101·|}þ41 þ1 þ1 þ227·|}þ1 þ58 Morro Bay Pismo Beach SantaMargarita Atascadero Grover City San Luis Obispo Baywood-Los Osos SantaMargaritaLake PacificOcean LosPadresNationalForest LosPadresNationalForest 36110015 • 01/2015 | 2_regional.mxd Exhibit2RegionalLocationMap 5 052.5 Miles Text ProjectSite JOHNMADONNACONSTRUCTION • FROOMRANCH / ELVILLAGIOSPECIFICPLAN SECTION106PREHISTORICREPORT Source: Census2000Data, TheCaSIL, FCSGIS2013. I ProjectSite 07955 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 07956 36110015 • 01/2015 | 3_topo.mxd Exhibit3LocalVicinityMapTopographicBase Source: USGSPismoBeach, SanLuisObispo7.5" Quadrangles JOHNMADONNACONSTRUCTION • FROOMRANCH / ELVILLAGIOSPECIFICPLAN SECTION106PREHISTORICREPORT I 2,000 0 2,0001,000 Feet Legend ProjectBoundary 07957 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 07958 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Cultural Setting FirstCarbon Solutions 9 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx SECTION 2: CULTURAL SETTING Following is a brief overview of the prehistory, ethnography, and historic background, providing a context in which to understand the background and relevance of sites found in the general project area. This section is not intended to be a comprehensive review of the current resources available; rather, it serves as a general overview. 2.1 - Prehistoric Background Although the history of archaeological investigation in California spans more than a century, certain areas of the state were largely passed over by researchers until fairly recently. It has only been in the last few decades that California’s central coast has witnessed intensive archaeological investigation. This came about primarily as a result in the 1970s of cultural resource management (CRM), which instituted a series of historic preservation laws and mandates beginning with the NHPA of 1966. Prior to that, only a handful of archaeological investigations were completed in the region. Much of the work was generally descriptive in nature and of little relevance to contemporary research agendas. Most research conducted in the 1970s was undertaken to comply with legally mandated environmental laws and statutes, and as a result was often sporadic and geared toward resource conservation and management rather than problem-oriented research. By the 1980s, however, researchers began to undertake regional research projects that contributed significantly to the understanding of local prehistory. This interest continued into the next decade, with several long- term research projects that addressed various aspects of the region’s prehistory. Partly as a result of this early neglect, central coast prehistory was, for many years, interpreted largely through reference to adjoining areas, such as the Santa Barbara Channel and the San Francisco Bay area. Early cultural chronologies that were developed outside of the central coast were often used as the basis with which to interpret prehistoric sequences in San Luis Obispo, Monterey, and Santa Cruz counties. However, in recent years, many contemporary archaeologists working along the central coast have adopted the a regional chronological sequence developed by T. Jones and Ferneau (2002), which recognizes six major prehistoric periods of cultural adaptation that is organized by temporal periods and emphasizes changes in adaptation over time. The proposed temporal periods emphasize changes in human adaptation over time and focuses largely on the shifting significance of coastal versus terrestrial habitats and the associated artifact assemblages. Jones and Klar’s recent California Prehistory volume (2007:137) presents a more recent application of this framework. This report and study will utilize the regional chronological sequence developed by Jones and Klar (2007), which recognizes six major prehistoric periods of cultural adaptation. The initial period in this sequence, termed the Paleoindian, originated during the late Pleistocene and continued until approximately 8,000 B.C. Evidence for a terminal Pleistocene/Early Holocene occupation of the central California coast is limited. It is probable that the prehistoric groups inhabited the region during this time, and perhaps as early as 11,000 years ago, although there is no compelling archaeological evidence for such antiquity. Few components from this period have been investigated, and many questions regarding settlement, subsistence, and social organization remain 07959 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Cultural Setting Section 106 Prehistoric Report 10 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx unanswered. The lack of such evidence dating to this time period may be due in part to progressively rising sea levels that accompanied the end of the Pleistocene and the Early Holocene. Sea level rise slowed after about 7,000 years ago, prompting fluvial sedimentation and tectonic uplift. Consequently, coastal sites earlier than 7,000 BP may have been inundated by rising waters. The Paleoindian, also termed the Paleo-Coastal Tradition, was first proposed by Davis et al. (1969) and later expanded upon by Moratto (1984). Evidence for a terminal Pleistocene/Early Holocene occupation of the central California coast is limited. Although very few sites and site components dating from this time period have been investigated, some researchers have suggested that Paleo-Coastal peoples established residences along estuaries and bay shores. Greenwood’s (1972) monumental study of six sites at Diablo Canyon located in San Luis Obispo County still stands as the seminal work for this time period and area. Both SLO-2 and SLO-585 produced substantial components dating between 8,000 and 3,000 cal. B.C. Jones et al. 2007). The next cultural period, the Millingstone/Early Archaic Period Culture (8,000–3,500 B.C.) was recognized in California as early as 1929 by D. B. Rogers (1929) and defined more precisely by Wallace (1955), its existence on the central coast was only recognized by Roberta Greenwood in 1972 (Jones et al. 2007). The Millingstone is dominated by large numbers of milling equipment handstones and/or milling slabs), crude core and cobble-core tools, pitted stones, large side- notched and lanceolate points, eccentric crescents, and less abundant flake tools and large side- notched projectile points (Erlandson 1991, 1994; Fitzgerald and Jones 1999). These artifacts became increasingly abundant in the archaeological record and populations followed a generalized subsistence pattern that placed an importance on coastal resources, namely shellfish. Faunal remains indicate that Millingstone peoples practiced broad-spectrum hunting and gathering, utilizing shellfish, fish, bird, and mammals. However, robust faunal assemblages are not common, including a low frequency of fish and pinniped bones. In most Millingstone assemblages, heavy use of shellfish is supported by dense concentrations of shells in many deposits. In the central coast region, few Millingstone components have been found farther than 25 kilometers inland from shore, and most interior sites dated to this period have produced marine shells indicating that site inhabitants also exploited coastal environments and maintained a connection to the coast. Millingstone occupations on the central coast have been recognized in a range of settings, including open rocky coasts, bays and estuaries, and near-shore interior valleys. The oldest expressions of the Millingstone are known from San Luis Obispo County (SLO-2 and SLO-1797) that date to 8000 cal B.C. Slightly younger components have been identified in Santa Cruz County (SCR-177), Monterey County MNT-1232/H and MNT 229) and Santa Clara County (SCL-178) (Jones et al. 2007). Jones et al. (2007) describes the next cultural periods, the Early and Middle Periods, as the Hunting Culture (3500/ 3000 cal B.C. to cal A.D 1000/1250). In 1929, David Banks Rogers coined the term to define a distinctive complex in the Santa Barbara area that, in contrast with the Millingstone, marked by large quantities of stemmed and notched projectile points. Rogers described Hunting Culture people as a separate ethnic population more reliant upon use of the acorn and on both terrestrial and marine mammals. Components that exhibit these artifact types tend to overlay Millingstone 07960 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Cultural Setting FirstCarbon Solutions 11 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx expressions (Jones et al. 2007:138). Greenwood confirmed this trend at Diablo Canyon in 1972 and dated its appearance to ca. 3500 to 3000 cal. B.C. (Greenwood 1972). The Early Period (3500–600 B.C.) was a time of new subsistence emphases throughout southern and central California, which included a greater reliance on hunting and the exploitation of acorns. The Early Period is evidenced by the co-occurrence of Rossi square-stemmed and contracting-stem projectile points, and large side-notched variants (a holdover from the Millingstone period). A distinctive Año Nuevo long-stemmed point also occurs in the Santa Cruz and Monterey areas. Groundstone assemblages continue to reflect the Millingstone, with earlier handstone/millings slabs along with pitted stones. Portable mortars and pestles appear for the first time in low frequencies, and cobble core tools occur in lower frequencies than earlier. Projectile points defining the Early Period consist of contracting-stemmed, Ross square-stemmed, and Año Nuevo long-stemmed, with large side-notched points typical of the Millingstone continuing to present (Jones et al. 2007). Olivella Class L beads also make their first appearance. Middle Period (600 B.C.–1000 A.D.) sites are ubiquitous on the Central Coast. Beads are dominated by G2 saucers, and ground stone assemblages continue to contain both milling slabs and handstones and portable mortars and pestles, in addition to bone gorges. Circular fishhooks appear for the first time, and grooved stone net sinkers are common. Pitted stones are often the most abundant artifacts. Burial accompaniments from this time period consist of bone flutes, bone tubes, and large quantities of Olivella G2 beads (Jones et al. 2007). The Middle/Late Transition (1,000–750 BP) is a short period of time when there appears to have been a rapid change in settlement organization. Populations experienced deteriorating environmental parameters, and apparently underwent major adaptive shifts in both subsistence and settlement after ca. cal A.D. 1000. However, this vigorous transition seems to date slightly differently in various areas of the central coast of California. This time period is represented along the central California coast by the disappearance of most stemmed points, and the appearance of large numbers of arrow points (Jones et al. 2007). Hopper mortars make their first appearance, and are found in tandem with bowl mortars and pestles, as well as handstones and milling slabs. Finally, the Late Period (750 BP–Historic) marked the initial appearance of numerous projectile points, including small side-notched (Desert side-notched), triangular (Cottonwood) and leaf-shaped points. Artifact assemblages from this time period are also marked by mortars and pestles, and a variety of late prehistoric bead types, clamshell discs beads, and talc schist disk beads. Then rectangular (Class M) shell beads and small, serrated arrow points are known form the Santa Cruz area and Monterey Peninsula. The Late Period is exhibited by an abundance of single-component sites in a variety of settings, located primarily away from the coast, including the interior ranges. Typical late period occupations are characterized by small middens with associated or nearby bedrock mortars. Most Late period middens show a remarkable consistency in assemblages, site types, and settlement patterns across the region (Jones et al. 2007). 07961 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Cultural Setting Section 106 Prehistoric Report 12 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx 2.2 - Native American Background 2.2.1 - The Obispeño Chumash The Obispeño Chumash traditional territory includes the entire County of San Luis Obispo, including the current project APE. The Obispeño territory covered an area from Arroyo Grande Creek in San Simeon along the coast and across the Coastal Range and into the Salinas River drainage north of Paso Robles (Gibson 1983, King 1984). The Obispeño Chumash have called this area home for over 9,000 years. Their neighbors to the north were the Salinans, and to the south were related Chumash groups such as the Purisimeño and the Cuyama Chumash. The Chumash utilized several ecological settings including coastal resources, oak studded valleys, foothill areas, and extensive grasslands. Three branches of the Chumash (or Chumashan) language family are usually recognized: Obispeño, or Northern Chumash, a single language with at least two dialects (Klar 1992); Central Chumash; and Island Chumash. Their distinctive language and geographic setting helped define the Obispeño Chumash whose name was taken from the first Spanish Mission located in their territory: Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa. Numerous historic Obispeño villages have been identified from mission records and informant interviews. The Obispeño area showed a somewhat dispersed settlement pattern as compared to intensive settlement and larger village sizes found along the Santa Barbara Channel (King 1984) The earliest recorded visit to an Obispeño village took place in 1595, when the Spanish, under the command of Sebastian Rodriguez Cermeno, sailed into San Luis Obispo Bay. The ship anchored in front of the mouth of San Luis Obispo Creek, where the large Obispeño village of Sepjato was located. The Spanish account noted that the Indians “. . . are fishermen and there is fish and some shell-fish with which they sustain themselves.” By the time of the Spanish expansion into California at the end of the 1700’s, the exceptionally prestigious Chief Buchon lived at Sepjato and held the status of a grand-chief leader of several villages in the greater San Luis Obispo area from Avila Beach to Morro Bay. Early accounts repeatedly described Buchon as a very powerful chief who traveled with an entourage, directed attacks on other groups, and was able to command tribute even after his death (Brown 2001). The repeated references to Buchon’s power and influence have been commonly interpreted as an ethnically based sociopolitical system more complex than that of the surrounding Salinan, Esselen, and Ohlone tribelets (Milliken and Johnson 2005). In 1772, the first mission located within Chumash territory, Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa, was founded beside San Luis Obispo Creek, adjacent to the village of Sepjato. This first mission gradually expanded in size and importance. In its first decade, some Obispeño Chumash attempted to burn the mission down (Kocher 1972). By 1780’s, the influence of the mission had increased. By 1803, mission records indicate that numerous Obispeño Chumash groups had moved away from traditional villages to the vicinity of Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa (King 1984: 14). 07962 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Cultural Setting FirstCarbon Solutions 13 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx 2.3 - Historic Background 2.3.1 - Spanish-Mexican Period (A.D. 1769 to 1848) In 1772, the first mission located within Chumash territory, Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa, was founded beside San Luis Obispo Creek, adjacent to the village of Sepjato. This first mission gradually expanded in size and importance. Spanish and Mexican greatly changed the aboriginal way of life. In its first decade, due to dissatisfaction with Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa, some Obispeño Chumash attempted to burn the mission down (Kocher 1972). Their attempt failed, and by the 1780s, the influence of the mission had increased. By 1803, mission records indicate that numerous Obispeño Chumash groups had moved away from traditional villages to the vicinity of Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa (King 1984: 14). After the decline of the mission era in the late 1830s, San Luis Obispo gradually grew into a thriving town. An extensive and detailed Historical Background Report is provided in the Historic Resource Evaluation Report authored by Kathleen Crawford, M.A., included as Appendix A. 07963 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 07964 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Cultural Setting FirstCarbon Solutions 15 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx SECTION 3: RESULTS 3.1 - Record Searches 3.1.1 - Central Coast Information Center Record Search On January 5, 2015, a records search was conducted by the staff at the Central Coast Information Center (CCIC), located at University of California, Santa Barbara. The record search included the project APE and a 0.50-mile radius outside the project APE boundaries. The record search included current inventories of the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR), the California Inventory of Historical Resources, California State Historic Landmarks, and the California Points of Historical Interest. Three resources (CA-SLO-783, CA-SLO-1195, and P-40-040991) have been previously recorded within the project APE boundaries (Table 1). CA-SLO-783 consists of an area containing four rock outcrops that contain one to three bedrock mortars each for a total of eight. CA-SLO-1195 consists of a small concentration of chert waste flakes (from the manufacture of stone tools), and dietary shellfish and bone fragments. Both CA-SLO-783 and CA-SLO-1195 are located in the southwestern portion of the APE. The two prehistoric resources are located approximately 200 meters apart and may possibly be related. Finally, P-40-040991 consists of the Froom Ranch and Dairy building complex that was constructed pre-1900 to 1915. In addition, three prehistoric resources (CA-SLO-1365, CA-SLO-1780, and CA-SLO-2145) have been recorded within a 0.50-mile radius of the project APE (Table 1). Prehistoric resource CA-SLO-1365 is located approximately 2,520 feet southeast of the project APE boundary, prehistoric resource CA-SLO-1780 is located approximately 580 feet southeast of the project APE boundary, and prehistoric resource CA-SLO-2145 is located 1,590 feet northwest of the project APE boundary. Furthermore, one historic resource (P-40-038206), a historic isolate artifact, has been recorded within a 0.50-mile radius of the project APE (Table 1). The historic resource is located approximately 1,580 feet northwest of the project APE. Table 1: Sites within Project APE and 0.50 Miles of APE Primary Number Recorded by/Year Description P-40-000783 Robert O. Gibson/1987CA-SLO-783 Prehistoric site (bedrock mortars), located within the southwestern portion of the current project APE P-40-001195 Robert O. Gibson/1987CA-SLO-1195 Prehistoric site (lithic/shell/bone scatter), located within the southwestern portion of the current project APE P-40-040991 Betsy Bertando/1998Historic Froom Ranch/Dairy building complex, located within the northern portion of the current project APE 07965 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Cultural Setting Section 106 Prehistoric Report 16 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx Table 1 (cont.): Sites within Project APE and 0.50 Miles of APE Primary Number Recorded by/Year Description CA-SLO-1365/ P-40-001365 Robert O. Gibson/1988 Located 2,520 feet southeast of the current project APE CA-SLO-1780/ P-40-001780 Thor Conway/2007 Located 580feet southeastof the current project APE CA-SLO-2145/ P-40-002145 Robert O. Gibson/1997 Located 1,590feet northwest of the current project APE Source: CCIC record search, January 5, 2015. The record search results also document 41 studies that have been conducted within the 0.50-mile search radius (Table 2). Five of the studies included the current project APE, indicating that large portions of the project area have previously been surveyed. Table 2: Studies within the Project APE and 0.50 Mile of APE Report Number Author and Year of Report Additional Details SL-00086 Dills, C.; 1980 Archaeological evaluation of a Trailer Park, located 1,280 feet southwest of the current project APE SL-00135 Dills, C.; 1976 Archaeological evaluation of a proposed Fire Station and Swimming Pool, located 2,535 feet north of the current project APE SL-00138 Dills, C.; 1975 Interpretive Planning Map for the City of San Luis Obispo, located 1,100 feet northeast of the current project APE SL-00139 Dills, C.; no date Archaeological field study: Dutch Barn, located 930 feet north of the current project APE SL-00235 Bente, V.; 1980 Cultural Resource Literature Search and Field Investigation Report for the Diablo Canyon Power Plant Early Warning System, located 600 feet north of the current project APE SL-00311 Dills, C.; 1975 Archaeological Impact Report for the SLO Wastewater Treatment Plant Facility, located 600 feet east of the current project APE SL-00352 Osland, K.; 1981 Archaeological Survey Report for a proposed Los Osos Valley Road Extension Project, located 325 feet southeast of the current project APE SL-00590 Gibson, R.; 1987 Archaeological Surface Survey of the Los Osos Road Business Park, located within the current project APE 07966 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Cultural Setting FirstCarbon Solutions 17 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx Table 2 (cont.): Studies within the Project APE and 0.50 Mile of APE Report Number Author and Year of Report Additional Details SL-01245 Singer, C. and J. Atwood; 1988 Cultural Resources Survey and Impact Assessment for the Dalidio, Madonna, and McBride Properties, located 200 feet northeast of the current project APE SL-01305 Singer, C. and J. Atwood; 1989 Cultural Resources Survey and Impact Assessment for the City of San Luis Obispo Wastewater Plant, located 830 feet east of the current project APE SL-01643 Engineering-Science, Inc.; 1988 Draft Hazardous Waste Management Plan, EIR, located 2,370 feet southeast of the current project APE SL-01759 Gibson, R.; 1988 Results of Archaeological Survey for the KSBY-TV Periera Estate project, located 2,600 feet southeast of the current project APE SL-02363 Gibson, R.; 1993 Inventory of Cultural Resources for a Water Reclamation Project, located 2,620 feet northeast of the current project APE SL-02386 Levulett, V.; 1991 Caltrans Archaeological Survey Report for a fence installation, located 770 feet east of the current project APE SL-02391 Anastasio; 1993 Archaeological Monitoring at 293 El Portal, located 635 feet east of the current project APE SL-02529 Singer, C., J. Atwood, and J. Frierman; 1993 Archaeological Report on the Expansion of the City of San Luis Obispo Wastewater Treatment System, located 860 feet east of the current project APE SL-02723 Gibson, R.; 1993 Results of Phase One Archaeological Survey for the Froom Ranch Property, located within the current project APE SL-02917 Orlins, R., E. Barter, B. Rivers, and R. Gibson; 1994 Phase II State Water Project Cultural Resources Survey Reach 3, located 1,530 feet east of the current project APE SL-02972 Parker, J.; 1996 Cultural Resource Investigation of the Periera- Garcia Property, located adjacent to the southern boundary of the current project APE SL-03333 Conway, T.; 1997 Phase I Archaeological Survey of the Spice Hunter Property, located 2,490 feet southeast of the current project APE SL-03708 Bertrando, B.; 1998 Historical Evaluation for the Froom Ranch Building Complex, located within the current project APE 07967 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Cultural Setting Section 106 Prehistoric Report 18 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx Table 2 (cont.): Studies within the Project APE and 0.50 Mile of APE Report Number Author and Year of Report Additional Details SL-03899 Cuevas, K.; 1999 Cultural Resource Inventory Report for the Calf Canyon Prescribed Fire, located 1,690 feet east of the current project APE SL-03922 McGowan, D.; 1999 Cultural Resource Inventory Report for Williams Communications, Inc. Fiber Optic System Installation Project, located 2,620 feet north of the current project APE SL-04031 Wilson, K.; 2000 Cultural Resources Study for State Route 101 Fence Replacement, located 700 feet east of the current project APE SL-04084 Parker, J.; 2000 Cultural Resource Re-Evaluation of the Vineyard Community Church Project, Calle Joaquin, located adjacent to the southern boundary of the current project APE SL-04097 Gibson, R.; 2000 Phase One Archaeological Surface Survey for the Marriott Hotel Project, located adjacent to the southern boundary of the current project APE SL-04110 Gibson, R.; 2000 Phase One Archaeological Surface Survey and Record Search for the McBride parcels, located 815 feet east of the current project APE SL-04263 Conway, T.; 2000 Phase One Archaeological Survey of the south Higuera Street Bridge Seismic Retrofit Project, located 2,620 feet south of the current project APE SL-04378 Gibson, R.; 1997 Phase One Archaeological Surface Survey of the Devaul Ranch Property, located 1680 feet northwest of the current project APE SL-04663 Conway, T.; 2002 Cultural Resources Survey for the Costco/ Froom Ranch EIR, located within the current project APE SL-04706 Conway, T.; 2002 Archaeological Background for the Los Osos Valley Road/Highway 101 Interchange, located within the current project APE SL-05066 Maki, M.; 2003 Cultural Resources Constraints Analysis for the Templeton-Atascadero Bikeway Project, located 1,700 feet east of the current project APE SL-05125 Balcian, R.; 2004 Cultural Resources Studies for the City of San Luis Obispo Waste Water Treatment Plant Bypass Silt Removal Project, located 1,455 feet east of the current project APE 07968 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Cultural Setting FirstCarbon Solutions 19 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx Table 2 (cont.): Studies within the Project APE and 0.50 Mile of APE Report Number Author and Year of Report Additional Details SL-05168 Laurie, L.; 2004 Phase I Archaeological Inventory Survey for a telecommunications facility, located 1,830 feet south of the current project APE SL-05332 Conway, T.; 2004 An Archaeological Surface Survey for the Ocean Park Hotels Project, Calle Joaquin, located adjacent to the SE boundary of the current project APE SL-05350 Singer, C.; 2004 Cultural Resources Survey and Impact Assessment for a private parcel, located 865 feet east of the current project APE SL-05699 Ogden, A. and T. Joslin; 2002 Negative Archaeological Survey Report for the Changeable Message Signs Project, located 1,600 feet east of the current project APE SL-05729 Gibson, R.; 2005 Archaeological Survey Report for the Bob Jones City of the Sea Bike Trail, located 1,045 feet east of the current project APE SL-06133 Conway, T.; 2007 Archaeological Surface Survey for the Prefumo Creek Commons Project, located 200 feet northeast of the current project APE SL-06148 Bonner, W. and J. Keasling; 2006 Cultural Resources Records Search and Site Visit for a Telecommunications Facility, located 1,420 feet east of the current project APE SL-03662 Westec Services, Inc.; 1984 Vandenberg Air Force Base Fuels Management Project, located 1,745 feet east of the current project APE Source: CCIC record search, January 5, 2015. Historical Map Review The results of a review of a 1918 7.5-minute topographic map indicate the project APE was located within a rural setting, consisted mostly of undeveloped ranching and grazing land. A building associated with the current Froom Ranch/Dairy is depicted in the northern portion of the current project APE. Froom Creek bisected the northern and eastern portions of the project APE from the northwest to southeast. In addition, two unnamed seasonal drainages are depicted in the southwestern portion of the project APE. A railroad extended into the area where California Highway 101/Cabrillo Highway is currently located. Los Osos Valley Road and California Highway 101/Cabrillo Highway were not present. Review of a 1942 7.5-minute topographic map indicates the project APE remained undeveloped ranchland, with the Froom Ranch/Dairy building complex present, and located at the end of an unnamed road in the northern portion of the current project APE. Los Osos Valley Road was present 07969 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Cultural Setting Section 106 Prehistoric Report 20 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx and was depicted in its current location. California Highway 101/Cabrillo Highway was located where S. Higuera Street is currently located, and well to the east of its current position. A railroad extended in the area where California Highway 101/Cabrillo Highway is currently located. 3.1.2 - Native American Heritage Commission Record Search On December 31, 2014, FCS sent a letter to the NAHC to determine if any sacred sites are listed on its Sacred Lands File for the APE. A response was received on January 21, 2015, stating the search failed to indicate the presence of Native American cultural resources in the project APE. The response included a list of 22 Native American tribal members to contact and the six tribal members were sent letters on January 23, 2015 asking for any additional information they may have related to the APE. Native American Consultation On January 28, 2015, FCS received an email response from Patti Dunton, Administrator, Salinan Tribe of Monterey and San Luis Obispo counties. Ms. Dunton stated that since “the project area contains two previously recorded sites [CA-SLO-783 and CA-SLO-1195] and a very sacred site to us just east of the project location and the likely hood [sic] of unknown buried resources being in the project area, we are requesting that all planned development stay clear of the two recorded sites and that all ground disturbing activities for this project be monitored by a qualified archaeologist and a culturally affiliated Playano Salinan monitor. We would hope that all development stay away from the Irish hills [sic] open space area also.” On January 29, 2015, FCS responded to Ms. Dunton in an email, “We had a meeting last week in which the client, the designers, and the technical folks discussed where development might occur— no final decisions were made. We came up with two scenarios and in both of them no development was going to happen near the lithic scatter site. In addition, the area near the creek where the five bedrock mortars are located was going to be avoided. Approximately 220 feet northwest of the five BRMs is a small cluster of rocks that have three mortars; there is currently no water near the three mortars although there probably was water there at one time. There was discussion about moving the rocks with the three mortars to an area closer to the creek and near five mortars. This seemed reasonable to me as the mortars would be all together and near the creek. What are your thoughts about this idea?” January 30, 2015: “Greeting Carrie, would it be possible to meet on site sometime to look at what your [sic] talking about with the bedrock motors? Thanks Patti” January 30, 2015: “Hi Patti-We could try to arrange that but I’m 3.5 hours drive away from the site so will need to figure out when I can be out of the office for a day. Could you give me some dates that would work for you? Thanks for the quick response! Carrie” January 30, 2015: “Hi Carrie—It would be up to you or maybe the developer could meet with us. Thanks Patti” February 9, 2015: “Hi Patti-Sorry I haven’t gotten back to you but there appear to be changes being considered by the developer so I want to be sure you have the latest information before we discuss 07970 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Cultural Setting FirstCarbon Solutions 21 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx the site visit. I will get back to you as soon as I feel confident that there is a solid decision about the areas of proposed ground disturbance. Sorry for the delay -- Carrie” February 9, 2015: “Hi, Thanks for the update. Patti” February 17, 2015: In conversation with the project design team, it was decided that the mortars would be left in situ and would not be moved closer to the creek. FCS sent an email to Patti Dunton stating, “Hi Patti—Just received an email from the project designer and they have decided not to move the bedrock mortars. I, for one, am very pleased with this decision, hope you are too. Other than the items you mentioned in your original email, do you have any other concerns you’d like to discuss? Carrie” February 17, 2015: “Thanks for the update. I can’t think of anything else at this time. Take Care, Patti” No additional comments have been received from any of the Native American representatives on the NAHC list. 3.2 - Results of Field Survey From January 6 through January 8, 2015, FCS Archaeologists Carrie D. Wills, M.A., RPA; Dana DePietro, Ph.D.; and Cher L. Peterson, B.A. conducted an intensive pedestrian survey within the project APE. Transect spacing during the reconnaissance was approximately 10 to 15 meters, where possible. Since the project APE is near watercourses and there have been Native American resources previously recorded within the Direct APE, the field survey included careful examination of the ground surface for evidence of prehistoric resources. During the survey, the surface and rodent burrows were examined for any signs of prehistoric archaeological or cultural materials, including seashell fragments, stone tools and fragments, stone flakes, bone, burnt rock, etc. Rock outcrops were examined for signs of aboriginal use, including bedrock mortars, cupules, or rock art including petroglyphs and pictographs. The ground surface was also examined for historic cultural materials, including square nails, ceramics, glass, etc. All prehistoric and historic resources and features encountered during the survey were documented, which entailed the acquisition of location coordinates and photographic documentation. The locations of all resources and any isolate finds were mapped using a Trimble GPS system with TerraSync and GPS Pathfinder Office Software capabilities. The project area consists of the east-facing slopes of the Irish Hills, which overlooks the floodplain of Froom and Prefumo Creeks in the northern and eastern portions of the project area. The terrain in the eastern portion of the project APE consists of a flat lower area located within the flood zone of the two creeks that currently consists of agricultural fields. The eastern project area is bounded by Los Osos Valley Road. The western portion of the project area consists of knolls, eroded terraces, and rock outcrops comprising the east slopes of the Irish Hills. Froom Creek extends from the Irish Hills along the northern project boundary and runs south, bisecting the eastern portion of the project area. Two small intermittent drainages (possibly spring fed) extend through the southern 07971 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Cultural Setting Section 106 Prehistoric Report 22 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx portion of the project area from the Irish Hills and intersect with Froom Creek at the southern boundary of the project area (Exhibit 4 and Exhibit 5; Appendix A: Photographs 1–18). Soils vary from black and brown clay to red clay, containing serpentine and other Franciscan volcanic and metavolcanic clasts. Vegetation consists of grasses in the eastern portion of the project area within the lower floodplain, with sage scrub chaparral in the western portion adjacent to the Irish Hills. Oaks and brush are located in the southern portion of the project area, adjacent to the intermittent drainages. Two previously recorded prehistoric archaeological sites, CA- SLO-783 and CA-SLO-1195, are located in the southwestern portion of the current project APE (Exhibit 5). Both sites were originally recorded by Robert Gibson in 1987 (Report SL-00590). Both prehistoric sites were investigated during this current study and the DPR Archaeological Site Records were updated to reflect their current condition and integrity (Appendix E). Prehistoric site CA-SLO-783 consists of four rock outcrops that contain one to three bedrock mortars/ milling features, for a total of eight. The coordinates for each bedrock mortar was mapped. Two rock outcrops, one containing three bedrock mortars and the second rock outcrop containing two bedrock mortars are located adjacent to the drainage (Exhibit 5: Points 4, 82, 83, 84, and 85). A second area containing a boulder with one bedrock mortar, and an outcrop containing two bedrock mortars are on a small hillock located northwest of the drainage (Exhibit 5: Points 6, 7, and 8). The site was found to be in good condition, with all eight bedrock mortars intact (Appendix A: Photographs 19–23). The ground surface in the site area was closely examined for prehistoric and historic cultural materials, with no additional archaeological features or cultural materials found. Prehistoric site CA-SLO-1195, consisting of a lithic/shell/bone scatter, was also reinvestigated. The site is located on a terrace at the base of the Irish Hills, and the site boundary was mapped using the Trimble system (Exhibit 5: Point 80/Oval Shape). The site may have been a temporary campsite, although more permanent occupation is possible. The prehistoric sites are located approximately 200 meters apart in the southwestern portion of the project APE, and may have been utilized by the same group of people. An intermittent stream forms the southern project boundary of CA-SLO-1195 Appendix A: Photographs 24–28). The ground surface within the CA-SLO-1195 boundaries was closely examined for cultural materials and all discovered cultural materials were marked with pin flags to establish site boundaries and to determine the extent of the site. One Franciscan chert biface, two chert cores, and approximately 12 to 15 chert waste flakes (debitage) were found during the intensive pedestrian survey (Appendix A: Photographs 29 and 30). The biface, cores, and some pieces of chert debitage were observed in concentration in the eastern portion of the site (Exhibit 5: Points 76, 77, 78, and 79). In addition, shellfish and bone fragments were observed scattered across the ground surface of the site. The shellfish remains were highly weathered and fractured, and were not identifiable as to species. Highly weathered bone fragments included what is believed to be both deer and rabbit. In addition, a number of isolate prehistoric cultural materials were discovered during the surface investigation of the project APE. The locations of the isolate cultural materials were mapped (Exhibit 4 and Exhibit 5), in addition to photographic documentation. 07972 L o s O s o s V alle y R d CalleJoaquin 1 15161718192122232425 26272930313233 35373839 4142 43 44454647 4849505152535455 565758 59 60616263 64656667 68 69 86 1312 20 70 88 72 71 36110015 • 01/2015 | 4_northarea.mxd Exhibit4NorthProjectAreaandLocationsofArchaeologicalSitesandIsolateArtifactsI Source: ESRIImagery 325 0325162.5 Feet JOHNMADONNACONSTRUCTION • FROOMRANCH / ELVILLAGIOSPECIFICPLAN SECTION106PREHISTORICREPORT Legend PointFeatures LinearFeatures ProjectBoundary 07973 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 07974 CalleJoaquin þ1 2 3 45 678 9 10 11 737475 76 7778 79 81 8283 8485 88 1312 80 36110015 • 01/2015 | 5_southarea.mxd Exhibit5SouthProjectAreaandLocationsofArchaeologicalSitesandIsolateArtifactsI Source: ESRIImagery 325 0325162.5 Feet JOHNMADONNACONSTRUCTION • FROOMRANCH / ELVILLAGIOSPECIFICPLAN SECTION106PREHISTORICREPORT Legend PointFeatures LinearFeatures PolygonFeatures ProjectBoundary 07975 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 07976 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Results FirstCarbon Solutions 27 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx A small concentration of stone artifacts, including a projectile point, a core, and chert waste flake, was found on a hilltop northeast of CA-SLO-783 in the southwestern portion of the project APE Exhibit 5: Points 73, 74 and 75; Appendix A: Photograph 32). This concentration may comprise a small lithic scatter. Other isolate artifacts included a Franciscan chert biface, located southwest of CA-SLO-783 (Exhibit 5: Point 10; Appendix A: Photograph 31), and a piece of Franciscan debitage was located in the northeastern portion of the project APE, adjacent to the west bank of Froom Creek Exhibit 4: Point 86; Appendix A: Photograph 34). Possible historic-age features were also documented and mapped during the project area survey. These include four linear rock wall features (Exhibit 4: Points 71 and 72; Exhibit 5 Points 12 and 13, and 88; Appendix A: Photographs 36–40). The rock walls are most likely related to the Froom Ranch and Dairy, and are possibly collapsed pasture walls. Two of the rock walls (Exhibit 4: Points 71 and 72) are located in the northwestern portion of the project APE and are aligned northwest to southeast. The largest portion of both rock walls are located outside of the project APE, with only the southeast ends located within the project APE. Two parallel rock walls are located in the southwestern portion of the project area (Exhibit 5: Points 12 and 13), with an additional rock wall located to the northeast of the parallel walls (Exhibit 5: Point 88). The parallel rock walls are oriented north to south, while the single rock wall is aligned northwest to southeast. In addition to the linear rock wall features, a stone revetment/retaining wall feature was recorded adjacent to prehistoric site CA-SLO-783 (Exhibit 5: Point 5; Appendix A: Photograph 34). The age of the revetment/retaining wall is uncertain but it is certainly relatively recent, as the boards associated with it are painted. A rock fire pit (relatively recent age) was also located west of the prehistoric lithic site CA-SLO-1195 (Exhibit 5: Point 81; Appendix A: Photograph 41). The fire pit contained modern trash including alkaline batteries and bottle glass, indicating it is modern and unrelated to CA-SLO-1195. Furthermore, a boulder containing a blasting hole was located southwest of the prehistoric site CA-SLO-1195 in a denser forested area at the bottom of a slope Exhibit 5: Point 5; Appendix A: Photograph 35). Both features are located in the southwestern portion of the project APE. 3.3 - Summary In accordance with Section 106 regulations, FCS assessed the effects of development for the project APE. A records search was conducted by CCIC staff on January 5, 2015. Results from the search indicate that two prehistoric resources (CA-SLO-783 and CA-SLO-1195) and one historic resource P-40-040991) have been previously recorded within the project APE. Archaeological site CA-SLO-783 consists of a prehistoric site containing eight bedrock mortars. Prehistoric site CA-SLO-1195 comprises a concentration of lithics and dietary shellfish and bone remains. Historic resource P-40-040991 is the historic Froom Ranch and Dairy building complex, located in the northern portion of the project APE. In addition, 41 studies have been conducted within the 0.50-mile search radius; five of the studies were conducted within the project APE. On December 31, 2014, FCS sent a letter to the NAHC to determine if any sacred sites are listed on its Sacred Lands File for the APE. A response was received on January 21, 2015, stating the search failed to indicate the presence of Native American cultural resources in the project APE. The response 07977 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Results Section 106 Prehistoric Report 28 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx included a list of 22 Native American tribal members to contact and the six tribal members were sent letters on January 23, 2015 asking for any additional information they may have related to the APE. On January 28, 2015, an email response was received by Patti Dunton of the Salinan Tribe of Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties requesting monitoring for all ground disturbance and avoidance of Irish Hills Open Space. Additional consultation included a discussion about the possibility of moving the bedrock mortars closer to the creek, but the design team decided to leave the mortars in situ and Ms. Dutton had no additional comments on the project. Details of the consultation are provided above in Section 3.1.2 - Native American Consultation of this Report. The ranch and dairy buildings were evaluated for National Register eligibility by FCS Architectural Historian, Kathleen Crawford, M.A., and are included as Appendix A: Historic Report. An intensive pedestrian survey conducted by FCS archaeologists from January 6 through January 8, 2015 indicated that both prehistoric sites CA-SLO-783 and CA-SLO-1195 appear to be intact and in excellent condition. The sites may be able to shed light on settlement patterns, resource uses, socio- political organization and boundaries, and many other areas of Chumash history. In addition, there is a possibility that buried features or resources are located within the immediate areas surrounding both CA-SLO-783 and CA-SLO-1195. The design for the proposed Froom Ranch/El Villagio project would completely avoid the area surrounding CA-SLO-1195 and CA-SLO-783. Therefore, neither of the previously recorded prehistoric sites would be affected by project development. In addition, a number of isolate prehistoric artifacts and historic features were discovered and their locations mapped during the project survey. A small concentration of stone artifacts, including a projectile point, a core, and chert waste flake was found on a hilltop northeast of CA-SLO-783 in the southwestern portion of the project APE. This small concentration may comprise a small lithic scatter. In addition, isolate waste flakes were encountered along the west bank of Froom Creek in the northern portion of the project APE, and a isolate biface was mapped in the southeastern portion of the project area, southwest of prehistoric site CA-SLO-783. Historic features mapped during the pedestrian survey consist of four linear rock wall features located in both the northern and southern portions of the project area. It is assumed the rock wall features are collapsed pasture walls from the Froom Ranch dairy operations. A date of construction could not be determined for any of the rock wall features. In addition, a stacked stone revetment/ retaining wall was discovered adjacent to an unnamed drainage in the southwestern portion of the project APE, in the same area as prehistoric site CA-SLO-783. Furthermore, a boulder containing a blasting hole and a recent stone fire pit were recorded just west of CA-SLO-1195, also located in the southwestern portion of the project area. In conversations with the current property owner, John Madonna, these historic resources are associated with plowing and other farming/dairy practices and he did not believe they were over 45 years of age. These historic resources did not appear to have any historic significance or unique features, nor did they appear to be over 45 years old, although there was no way to determine their exact age. Therefore, no mitigation measures are needed for these resources. 07978 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Results FirstCarbon Solutions 29 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx 3.4 - Recommendations 3.4.1 - Avoidance Based on a records search conducted at the Central Coast Information Center and field survey completed for the Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan, FCS concludes that both archaeological sites CA-SLO-783 and CA-SLO-1195 are intact and in condition. Both archaeological sites may be considered significant cultural resources capable of providing scientific data for research in a variety of disciplines. The sites are equally important to the modern-day Chumash people, who recognize that their cultural history is contained in archaeological sites and that these represent non- renewable resources to the Chumash people. The proposed Froom Ranch/El Villagio project as designed will avoid both archaeological sites CA-SLO-783 and CA-SLO-1195 to ensure that they are protected; therefore, for the purposes of Section 106, it is considered that project development will not affect prehistoric properties. 3.4.2 - Monitoring Because of the potential for buried archaeological deposits or features, it is recommended that monitoring of initial ground disturbance be conducted along Froom Creek, in addition to the hilltop that contains a small lithic scatter in the southeastern portion of the project area, southwest of prehistoric site CA-SLO-783. Any features, prehistoric or historic, which are encountered during initial ground disturbance will be subject to the regulations found in PRC Section 21082, Section 15064.5 of the CEQA Guidelines, and [36 CFR 800] of Section 106 of the NHPA, which state that if buried cultural resources are discovered during construction, operations shall stop in the immediate vicinity of the find and a qualified archaeologist shall be consulted to determine whether the resource requires further study. Procedures for inadvertent discoveries of human remains and historic resources are provided below. 3.5 - Inadvertent Discovery Procedures 3.5.1 - Accidental Discovery of Human Remains There is always the possibility that ground-disturbing activities during construction may uncover previously unknown buried human remains. Should this occur, Section 7050.5 of the California Health and Safety Code applies, and the following procedures shall be followed. In the event of an accidental discovery or recognition of any human remains, Public Resource Code PRC) Section 5097.98 must be followed. In this instance, once project-related earthmoving begins and if there is accidental discovery or recognition of any human remains, the following steps shall be taken: 1. There shall be no further excavation or disturbance of the site or any nearby area reasonably suspected to overlie adjacent human remains until the County Coroner is contacted to determine if the remains are Native American and if an investigation of the cause of death is required. If the coroner determines the remains to be Native American, 07979 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Results Section 106 Prehistoric Report 30 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx the coroner shall contact the NAHC within 24 hours, and the NAHC shall identify the person or persons it believes to be the “most likely descendant” of the deceased Native American. The most likely descendant may make recommendations to the landowner or the person responsible for the excavation work, for means of treating or disposing of, with appropriate dignity, the human remains and any associated grave goods as provided in PRC Section 5097.98, or 2. Where the following conditions occur, the landowner or his/her authorized representative shall rebury the Native American human remains and associated grave goods with appropriate dignity either in accordance with the recommendations of the most likely descendent or on the project area in a location not subject to further subsurface disturbance: The NAHC is unable to identify a most likely descendent or the most likely descendent failed to make a recommendation within 48 hours after being notified by the commission; The descendent identified fails to make a recommendation; or The landowner or his authorized representative rejects the recommendation of the descendent, and the mediation by the NAHC fails to provide measures acceptable to the landowner. 3.5.2 - Accidental Discovery of Cultural Resources As mandated by Section 106 of the NHPA, federal agencies must take into account the effects of their undertakings on historic properties and seek ways to avoid, minimize, or mitigate adverse effects on such properties [36 CFR 800.1(a)]. Likewise, CEQA regulations state, “a project that may cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource is a project that may have a significant effect on the environment” (PRC Section 21084.1). “Substantial adverse change” means demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration such that the significance of an historical resource would be impaired” [PRC Section 5020.1(q)]. If an archaeological site qualifies for listing on the NRHP or CRHR, the provisions in Section 106 and CEQA mandate that the lead agencies further determine whether the proposed undertaking will have an “effect” and “adverse effect” upon the site [36 CFR 800.4(d)(1)]. According to federal regulations, Effect means alteration to the characteristics of a historic property qualifying it for inclusion in or eligibility for the National Register” [36 CFR 800.16(i)]. The criteria of adverse effect are: An adverse effect is found when an undertaking may alter, directly or indirectly, any of the characteristics of a historic property that qualify the property for inclusion in the National Register in a manner that would diminish the integrity of the property’s location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, or association. Consideration shall be given to all qualifying characteristics of a historic property, including those that may have been identified subsequent to the original evaluation of the property’s eligibility for the National Register. Adverse effects may include reasonably foreseeable effects caused by the undertaking that may occur later in time, be farther removed in distance or be cumulative [36 CFR 800.5(a)(1)]. 07980 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Results FirstCarbon Solutions 31 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx In accordance with PRC Section 21082 and Section 15064.5 of the CEQA Guidelines and [36 CFR 800] of Section 106 of the NHPA, if buried cultural resources are discovered during construction, operations shall stop in the immediate vicinity of the find and a qualified archaeologist shall be consulted to determine whether the resource requires further study. The archaeologist shall make recommendations to the lead agency concerning appropriate measures that will be implemented to protect the resources, including but not limited to excavation and evaluation of the finds, consistent with Section 15064.5 of the CEQA Guidelines and 36 CFR 800. Cultural resources could consist of but are not limited to stone, bone, wood, or shell artifacts, or features including hearths, structural remains, or historic dumpsites. In accordance with PRC Section 21082 and Section 15064.5 of the CEQA Guidelines, no further grading or construction activity shall occur within 50 feet of the discovery until the lead agency approves the measures to protect these resources. In addition, reasonable efforts to avoid, minimize, or mitigate adverse effects to the property will be taken and the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) and Indian tribes with concerns about the property, and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (Council) will be notified within 48 hours in compliance with 36 CFR 800.13 (b) (3). 07981 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 07982 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report References FirstCarbon Solutions 33 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx SECTION 4: REFERENCES Brown, A. K. 2001. A Description of Distant Roads: Original Journals of the First Expedition into California 1769-1770 by Juan Crespi. San Diego State University Press. Davis, E. L., C. W. Brott, and D. L. Wade. 1969. The Western Lithic Co-Tradition. San Diego Museum Papers 6. Erlandson, J. M. 1991. Shellfish and Seeds as Optimal Resources: Early Holocene Subsistence on the Santa Barbara Coast. In Hunter-Gatherers of Early Holocene Coastal California, edited by J.M. Erlandson and R.H. Colten, pp. 89-100. Perspectives in California Archaeology No 1, Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles. Erlandson, J. M. 1994. Early Hunter-Gatherers of the California Coast. Plenum Publishing, New York. Fitzgerald, R.T., and T. Jones. 1999. The Milling Stone Horizon Revisited: New Perspectives from Northern and Central California. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 21:65-93. Gibson, R. 1983. Ethnography of the Salinan People. Masters Thesis, California State University, Hayward. Greenwood, R. S. 1972. 9000 Years of Prehistory a Diablo Canyon, San Luis Obispo County, California. San Luis Obispo County Archaeological Society Occasional Papers no. 7. Jones, T. L. and K. Klar (editors). 2007. California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity. AltaMira Press, Lantham, MD. Jones, T. L., and J. Ferneau. 2002. Prehistory of San Simeon Reef Archaeological Data Recovery at CA-SLO-179 and -267, San Luis Obispo County, California. San Luis Obispo County Archaeological Society Occasional Paper No. 16. Jones, T. L., N. Stevens, D. A. Jones, R. T. Fitzgerald, and M. G. Hylkema. 2007 The Central Coast: A Midlatitude Milieu. In California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture, and Complexity, edited by T. L. Jons and K. A. Klar, pp. 125-146. AltaMira Press, Lantham, MD. King, C. 1984. Ethnohistoric Background, Appendix I in Archaeological Investigations on the San Antonio Terrace, Vandenberg Air Force Base, California. Chambers Consultants & Planners. Published by Coyote Press, Salinas. Klar, K. A. 1992. John P. Harrington’s Phonetic Representations of Obispeño Chumash Palatal Consonants. Southern Illinois University Occasional Papers in Linguistics 17:17-19. Kocher, P. 1972. Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa – A Historical Sketch. Blake Printing, San Luis Obispo. Milliken, R. T. and J. R. Johnson. 2005. An Ethnogeography of Salinan and Northern Chumash – 1769 to 1810. Report prepared for Caltrans District 5. Far Western Anthropological Research 07983 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan References Section 106 Prehistoric Report 34 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx Group, Davis. Copies available from California Department of Transportation, San Luis Obispo. Moratto, M. 1984. California Archaeology. Academic Press, New York. Rogers, D.B. 1929. Prehistoric Man of the Santa Barbara Coast. Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara Wallace, W. J. 1955. A Suggested Chronology for Southern California Coastal Archaeology. Southwest Journal of Anthropology 11:214-230. 07984 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report References FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx Appendix A: Historic Report 07985 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 07986 www.FirstCarbonSolutions.com Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo County, California Prepared for: John Madonna Construction Company 12165 Los Osos Valley Road San Luis Obispo, CA 93405 Contact: John Madonna, Owner Prepared by: FirstCarbon Solutions 1350 Treat Blvd. Suite 380 Walnut Creek, CA 94597 925.357.2562 Contact: Mary Bean, Project Director Carrie D. Wills, M.A., RPA, Senior Scientist, Archaeology Report Date: February 20, 2015 07987 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 07988 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report Table of Contents FirstCarbon Solutions iii H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx Table of Contents Section 1: Architectural and Historical Discussion .......................................................................... 1 1.1 - Architectural Descriptions and Structure History .............................................................. 1 Section 2: Historic Background ..................................................................................................... 15 2.1 - History of San Luis Obispo County .................................................................................. 15 2.2 - History of the City of San Luis Obispo ............................................................................. 16 2.3 - Methods and Results of Historic Assessment .................................................................. 22 Section 3: Significance Criteria and Evaluations: Froom Ranch ...................................................... 27 3.1 - Application of National Register of Historical Places Criteria .......................................... 27 3.2 - Application of California Register of Historical Resources Criteria .................................. 28 3.3 - City of San Luis Obispo Criteria ....................................................................................... 29 3.4 - Integrity of the Structure ................................................................................................. 32 3.5 - Historic Themes ............................................................................................................... 33 3.6 - Findings and Conclusions ................................................................................................ 34 3.7 - Historic District ................................................................................................................ 35 3.8 - Contributing Structures ................................................................................................... 36 3.9 - Non-Contributing Structures ........................................................................................... 37 3.10 - Recommendations......................................................................................................... 37 Section 4: References ................................................................................................................... 41 Appendix A: Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) Forms 07989 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 07990 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report Architectural and Historical Discussion FirstCarbon Solutions 1 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx SECTION 1: ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORICAL DISCUSSION 1.1 - Architectural Descriptions and Structure History Background The property was evaluated for historical and architectural significance by FirstCarbon Solutions FCS) Architectural Historian, Kathleen A. Crawford, MA. Ms. Crawford meets the Secretary of the Interior Standards for Architectural Historian and is also listed on the City of San Luis Obispo Consultants List. The Froom Ranch property is located at 12165 Los Osos Valley Road. The Assessor’s Parcel Number for the property is 67-241-019. According to Brian Leveille, Senior Planner for the City of San Luis Obispo, the property is currently located just outside the city limits. However, for the purposes of the evaluation, Mr. Leveille suggested the property be evaluated under City of San Luis Obispo criteria, as the property will be eventually annexed by the City. The property contains a flat level area that extends along Los Osos Valley Road. A long driveway leads into the property. The front portion of the property is unused and is currently fenced. At the end of the driveway is a large, flat, open space that contains the Main Residence, the Bunkhouse, the Old” Barn, the Outhouse, the Storage Building, and the Shed with the sloping roof. The area around these buildings is currently used for equipment storage for the John Madonna Construction Company. Alex Madonna purchased the property in a tax lien sale in 1976. According to Mr. Madonna’s son, John (current owner), Alex Madonna purchased numerous old ranches in the area. The Madonna family is one of the pioneering families in San Luis Obispo County, and Mr. Madonna was interested in preserving the heritage of the area. John Madonna stated that his father had a policy of lifetime tenancy for any of the properties he purchased. In accordance with his policy, Mr. Froom resided on the ranch property until ill health required that he move in to San Luis Obispo to live with his brother in 1998. The Main Residence is currently used as office space by the John Madonna Construction Company. The John Madonna Construction Company was responsible for the construction of many buildings in the area, and the buildings that were to be demolished still had valuable materials in them. Mr. Madonna salvaged these materials and stored them on his various properties. In addition, Alex Madonna was friends with William Randolph Hearst and shared his love of old buildings and the preservation of the local heritage. Some of the materials came from various Hearst structures that were also salvaged over the years. John Madonna has continued this family tradition and used much of this salvaged material to repair the buildings on the Froom Ranch. The land rises west of the house complex and contains the Dairy Barn, the Creamery/Old House, the Granary, the Water Tower, and the foundation of the Horse Barn. The remainder of the property is currently open space with no buildings. Froom Creek runs through the property, and some of the 07991 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Architectural and Historical Discussion Section 106 Historic Report 2 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx land is considered possible wetlands. The area contains two recorded prehistoric sites, which are discussed in the Prehistory Report. Individual Histories and Descriptions History of the Main Residence The Main Residence was built in 1915 by Hans Peterson. The building was constructed as the Froom family was continuing to grow and needed better living conditions for its young children. The family had lived in the house attached to the Creamery building on the upper slopes of the property to the west. The Main Residence was occupied by members of the Froom family until 1998, when Bill Froom moved in with his brother in San Luis Obispo. When the property was purchased by the Alex Madonna, arrangements were made to allow Mr. Froom to reside in the home until he chose to leave. Description of the Main Residence The Main Residence is a one-story, asymmetrical, irregularly shaped, Craftsman-style, single-family residence. The residence was constructed in approximately 1915 by Hans Peterson. The building has a redwood sill and concrete foundation, wood horizontal shiplap siding, a partial width front porch, and a hipped roof with shingles and a modest eave overhang. A brick chimney is present on the roof and extends downward into the residence, terminating about 3 feet from the floor. The building was heated by a wood stove and there was no interior fireplace. East Facade The east facade is the main elevation for the residence and faces Los Osos Valley Road. The facade contains a partial width front porch, accessed by a short flight of wood stairs. The front gable roof is supported by three round columns —two at the entrance area and one on the south end. The main entrance includes a single wood door with a wood screen door. A pair of wood-framed, double- 07992 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report Architectural and Historical Discussion FirstCarbon Solutions 3 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx hung, focal windows are located south of the off center front door. A front gable roof is present over the porch and the triangular space created by the roof design is infilled with fish scale shingles. Windows vary in size, shape, and placement around the facades and include wood-framed, double- hung, sash-style windows. North Facade The north facade is the side of the residence that includes multiple wood-framed double-hung sash- style windows. A bay section projects forward from the main mass of the structure. A dormer section is present on the side of the roof directly above the bay section. A rectangular-shaped addition is located on the northwest corner of the building. The addition was constructed in two parts at two different times. The front portion of the addition has wood shiplap siding and was built by Bill Froom to store firewood. The rear portion of the addition has vertical board and batten siding and was built by John Madonna to house electronic equipment. Several single doors are present around the three facades. West Facade The rear of the residence contains a screened porch with a screen door and screened window openings. The porch wraps around the house, extending onto the south facade. A single wood and glass door leads into the rear of the house. The back wall of the house contains wood-framed windows. South Facade The south facade is the side of the house facing the open area. Multiple window openings are present. The building is in good condition and is currently used as offices for the John Madonna Construction Company. Alterations According to John Madonna, the house has undergone a number of alterations. Both John Madonna and his father, Alex, have made many changes to restore the building. The original foundation was redwood sills. Portions of the north and south redwood sill foundations were completely rotted, and these were removed and replaced with concrete foundations. The house was then leveled, as it had sunk significantly. At some point, the house flooded and the floors were uneven and buckled. The floors were leveled, sanded, and repaired. Several interior walls were removed to form larger office spaces. The kitchen sink and stove were removed and the area was converted to general office use. The only heat in the house was provided by a wood stove that produced significant amounts of soot. The walls had been painted over the years and the soot was sealed into the layers of paint. The walls were scraped, the soot and paint were removed, and they were completely repainted. The house was rewired for all new electrical service, plumbing repairs were made, an HVAC system was installed, new ceilings were put in, a new roof was put on, and general tenant improvements were conducted. 07993 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Architectural and Historical Discussion Section 106 Historic Report 4 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx The rear addition was altered by adding an extra section at the rear of the addition. This new section is used by the John Madonna Construction Company to store its electronic equipment. History of the “Old” Barn The barn was constructed at an unknown time on another property owned by the Froom family. The other property was reportedly southeast of the current ranch complex. The building was moved by placing it on logs and rolling it over the land and the creek (presumably with the aid of a team of horses) until it was located on its new site. The relocation took place at an unknown time early in the 20th century, and the barn has been in its present location since that time. The barn is estimated to be over 125 years old. Description of the “Old” Barn The “Old” Barn is located west of the main residence. The barn structure is a one-story, rectangular- shaped, Vernacular-style barn building. The barn has a concrete floor, vertical wood siding, and a front gable roof with corrugated metal roofing. East Facade The main doors are located on the east facade and include sets of sliding doors. A door for a hayloft is present on the upper portion of the building. The building does not contain any window openings. North and South Facades The north and south facades contain vertical wood siding. No windows are present. West Facade The west facade contains vertical wood siding. The rear wall was rotted and the boards were replaced with historic boards salvaged from nearby barns. The building is in good condition. 07994 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report Architectural and Historical Discussion FirstCarbon Solutions 5 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx Alterations John Madonna made a wide range of changes to the barn structure. The barn was in poor condition when it was moved to its current location. The barn was leaning more than 2 feet, the rear wall was rotted, and the barn was twisted. Mr. Madonna poured a new concrete floor, replacing the original dirt floor. The building had originally been set down directly on the dirt when it was moved to the site. Mr. Froom used the barn to store his pickup truck. The rear wall was replaced because of dry rot and vertical boards from other local farm buildings were used to replace the rotted boards. Considerable expense was incurred to stabilize the barn and restore it to a stable condition. History of the Bunkhouse The building was constructed as a bunkhouse for the workers on the property by Hans Peterson in 1915. However, according to John Madonna, the building is one small room that was used by Bill Froom’s brother, who lived in the small residence for many years. Description of the Bunkhouse The small bunkhouse is a one-story, Craftsman-style building used as a residential structure. The building has a concrete foundation, wood horizontal shiplap siding and a front gable roof with shingles. The building was constructed by Hans Peterson in 1915 when he built the main residence. East Facade A set of concrete steps leads to the single wood entrance door on the east elevation. The concrete steps have the Froom “brand” pressed into the wet concrete. This detail is seen on many of the other buildings as well. A single wood entrance door provides access to the interior and a small metal slider-style window is present. South Facade The south facade contains a wood-framed, double-hung, sash-style window. 07995 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Architectural and Historical Discussion Section 106 Historic Report 6 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx West Facade The west facade also contains a wood-framed, double-hung, sash-style window. North Facade The north facade is blank with a large metal sign propped up against the wall. The building is in good condition. Alterations According to John Madonna, the building has been altered by general tenant maintenance, including painting, a new roof, and a new floor. The building was used for paper file storage and rats were a problem; to solve the problem, a new floor was installed. History of the Dairy Barn Jim Aiken lived in a tent by the creek on the property and built the dairy barn, the granary, and the horse barn in 1913 for $1,800.00, which included labor and materials. The dairy barn was designed to hold 10 cows at either end and 10 at each side. The barn contained a 4-inch carrier track designed to bring hay into the barn. Description of the Dairy Barn The Dairy Barn is a 60-foot x 80-foot, one-story, asymmetrical, irregularly shaped, Vernacular-style barn used for milking cows. The barn has a wood pier and concrete block foundation, vertical wood siding walls, and a gabled roof. East Facade The east facade contains a door at the south end of the facade that opens to a slanting concrete ramp. The ramp area includes a wide concrete apron covering the ground, located between the Dairy Barn and the Creamery/House structures. The concrete apron had a specific function that allowed mud to be removed from the cows’ feet prior to entering the barn for milking. 07996 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report Architectural and Historical Discussion FirstCarbon Solutions 7 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx The east wall contains a small addition on the north end of the facade that contains a variety of windows which appear to be remnants from other structures. The windows are of wood frame construction in various shapes and sizes. Each of the three walls contains a single door opening. A concrete trough is present on the east wall near the addition. North Facade The north facade contains two door openings. The east door opening is a single sliding door. The other door is the main door into the space and includes a wide opening with a sliding door. The west end of the facade slopes steeply down to the ground. A large metal hook is present at the peak of the gable roof. West Facade The west facade contains an open entrance on the south end of the facade and a concrete entrance area that leads into the interior space. The shed roof slopes steeply down to the lower level of the wall. South Facade The south facade contains a unique feature. The facade is curved and a portion of the curved section has no foundation and hangs out over the slope. The wall has vertical siding and a sloping curved roof. The wall was specifically constructed in this manner to accommodate the movement of the cows within the interior space. Because their size and breadth, it was easier to move the cows through a round space. The building is in fair condition. Corrals are present on the south side of the slope near the barn. Alterations The barn has been altered by both Alex and John Madonna over the years to stabilize the building. New support beams replaced unstable sections, portions were propped up and repaired, beams were placed in portions of the roof system to keep the roof in place, vertical wall boards were replaced, and overall general maintenance has kept the structure standing over the years. Archival research indicates the barn is the only round barn in San Luis Obispo County. A variety of early dairy farm equipment is still located within the barn structure. The barn was used to milk the cows, and start the butter and cheese production, and it was utilized until the dairy operations ceased in 1977. History of the Creamery/House Building The east portion of the building was used as the Creamery, an essential part of the dairy operations. According to Bill Froom, his father lived in the Creamery for a period of time when he first began to operate the dairy. The residence was constructed at an unknown time, possibly after John Froom’s marriage to Harriet and the need for more space. The young family lived in the house portion of the building until 1915, when Hans Peterson built the Main Residence. Bill Froom was born in the house, and presumably, any of the children born before 1915 were also born in the house. After the 07997 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Architectural and Historical Discussion Section 106 Historic Report 8 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx family moved into the “new” residence built by Hans Peterson in 1915, the space was possibly used as additional living space for the workers on the ranch. Description of the Creamery/House The Creamery/House is a one-story, irregularly shaped, asymmetrical, Vernacular-style building that was built in several stages at unknown times. The building is divided into three sections, each with a gabled roof. The west portion of the building faces the Dairy Barn and was used as the Creamery. The east portion of the structure was used as a residence. The overall structure comprises two buildings separating the east wall of the Creamery from the west wall of the House by approximately one foot. South Facade The south facade contains the two buildings—the Creamery and the House. Each section contains a single door opening, and a window is present in each of the three sections that comprise the two buildings. The south facade contains a combination of vertical and horizontal wood siding. The building has a wood pier foundation with rock footings and infill of the open areas. An addition was constructed on the south wall on the house portion but deteriorated to the point where it was removed. West Facade A single wood entrance opening faces the Dairy Barn on the west wall. The interior contains two small rooms. A root cellar is present under the building and the adjoining structure. The roof on this portion of the structure slopes down to a low level and is covered with shingles. 07998 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report Architectural and Historical Discussion FirstCarbon Solutions 9 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx North Facade The north facade contains vertical and horizontal siding. The entrance to the cellar area is located at the base of the north wall under the Creamery portion of the building. A secondary entrance is located further down the wall. A small, narrow door is present in the area where the two buildings are separated. The door is located on the north wall and there is no corresponding door on the south wall. An open porch was added to the east end of the north wall of the house structure at an unknown time. East Facade The east facade serves as the end wall of the residential portion of the structure. A rectangular- shaped window opening is present. Alterations The building has been altered by additions to the structure. At one time, an addition was present on the south wall of the house portion but was in extremely poor condition and was removed by Alex Madonna. The porch on the north wall of the house was added at an unknown time. Alex and John Madonna undertook a series of changes to the building because of its instability. Floors and ceiling areas were replaced with plywood sheeting, vertical siding was replaced, walls and foundations were stabilized, and general maintenance kept the building standing over the years. History of the Granary The Granary was built in 1913 by Jim Aiken in a way that eliminated the rat problem that was destroying other buildings on the Ranch. The building was secure and many of the local farmers stored their grain in the building to keep it safe from rats. Description of the Granary The Granary is located on the hill close to the Dairy Barn and the Creamery/House. The Granary is a small, one-story, double-walled, rectangular-shaped, asymmetrical, Vernacular-style utilitarian 07999 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Architectural and Historical Discussion Section 106 Historic Report 10 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx building. The building has a wood pier foundation, vertical tongue-and-groove wood siding walls, and a gabled roof. One window is present on the south facade. A single door is present on the east facade. The interior contains storage areas. Tongue-and-groove siding was used to prevent the grain from being eaten by animals. No grain was present during the site visit, and the floor and walls were covered with horse harnesses and equipment. The building is in poor condition. Alterations None noted. History of the Outhouse The Outhouse was originally the parking kiosk at Reilly’s Department Store in downtown San Luis Obispo. Alex Madonna obtained the contract to demolish the building and construct the replacement building, so he moved the kiosk structure to the Ranch. The ranch workers requested an outdoor bathroom, so John Madonna converted the building into an outhouse. A septic tank was located near the barn, and the parking kiosk was repurposed and moved to the location over the septic tank. Description of the Outhouse The Outhouse is a small, one-story, asymmetrical, Vernacular-style building. The building has wood shiplap siding walls and a front gabled roof with a shed roof extension on the east wall. The building has a single door with a moon cutout in the door. A small toilet room is present. The building appears to be in good condition. Because the Outhouse is modern (less than 45 years old) and was moved to its current location, it was not evaluated for historic significance or recorded on a Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) form. Alterations Conversion of the building from a parking kiosk to a bathroom. 08000 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report Architectural and Historical Discussion FirstCarbon Solutions 11 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx History of the Storage Building The Storage Building was moved to this location by John Madonna. It was a simple, mobile storage unit obtained by Mr. Madonna from a local friend and brought to the site. Description of the Storage Building The Storage Building is a one-story, rectangular-shaped, asymmetrical, Vernacular-style structure that is located currently to the north of the Old Barn. The building has no true foundation; its walls are horizontal wood shiplap siding and it has a gable roof with shingles. A single door is present and small windows are present on the elevations. The building is in good condition. Because the building is modern (less than 45 years old) and was moved to its current location, it was not evaluated for historic significance or recorded on a DPR form. Alterations None noted. History of the Shed The building is located north of the Main house and was built at an unknown time by an unknown person. John Madonna stated that Bill Froom lived through the Great Depression and cultivated habits of thrift. At one point, the shed building was full of so many cans of dog food that it took several trips to remove them all. The building contains a seeder machine that Mr. Madonna has allowed to remain in the structure, since it holds up the building. 08001 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Architectural and Historical Discussion Section 106 Historic Report 12 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx Description of the Shed Building with Slanted Roof The Shed Building is a one-story, irregularly shaped, asymmetrical, Vernacular-style storage building. The shed roof has a steep slant. The building has no true foundation; it was constructed with vertical wood siding walls and a steeply slanted shed roof. Entrance doors are on the north wall. An addition has a flat roof and a single entrance door. The building is in extremely poor condition and is barely standing. Alterations No significant changes have been made to the building. History of the Water Tower The water tower was constructed by Verizon Wireless for use as a cell tower. The structure has no historic importance because it was constructed in the last 2 years. Description of the Water Tower 08002 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report Architectural and Historical Discussion FirstCarbon Solutions 13 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx The Water Tower appears to be a water tower, but it is actually a stealth cell tower site that was designed to appear to be a structure compatible with farm landscapes. The circular structure stands on metal legs, and has metal siding and a dome roof. Because the Water Tower is modern (2 years old), it was not evaluated for historic significance or recorded on a DPR form. Alterations None noted. 08003 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 08004 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report Historical Background FirstCarbon Solutions 15 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx SECTION 2: HISTORIC BACKGROUND 2.1 - History of San Luis Obispo County San Luis Obispo is located along the Central Coast of California, approximately 200 miles north of Los Angeles and 230 miles south of San Francisco. The area is bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Santa Lucia mountain range to the north, east, and south. The mountains are the source of San Luis Obispo Creek, which runs through the City of San Luis Obispo and empties into the Pacific Ocean. The San Luis Obispo County area was first settled by the Chumash tribes who built a series of villages along the local creeks. The region was largely unexplored by Europeans until the arrival of the Spanish in the late 1700s. The Spanish government had begun exploration of the New World in the late 1400s, and its process of settlement and development in the Americas continued into the late 1700s. During this period, the Russian government had created settlements along the coast of Canada and into the Northern California area. The establishment of a settlement at Fort Ross led the Spanish crown to consider a more active presence in California to halt the encroachment of Russia into the western portion of the Spanish empire in the Americas. In 1769, a joint military and religious expedition led by Gaspar de Portolá was sent to the Alta California area in conjunction with Franciscan missionary Father Junipero Serra to create a chain of missions and presidios to control Alta California for Spain. The group first journeyed to the San Diego area, establishing the Mission San Diego de Alcala, the first in a chain of 21 missions extending northward into Alta California. In addition to his other duties, Portolá was tasked with finding Monterey Bay and establishing a presidio in Monterey. After accomplishing this process, the expedition proceeded to the San Luis Obispo area to continue exploring the region. In 1772, the Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa was founded in the Valley de Los Osos (Valley of the Bears) near the banks of San Luis Obispo Creek. The mission became the fifth mission founded in California by Father Serra. The Spanish crown granted numerous land grants to the soldiers who accompanied Portolá and Father Serra, thus enabling the overall settlement of the region. Large ranchos were established and California’s cattle-based economy developed over the next decades. After the independence movement by Mexico, Alta California, and other parts of the Southwest, became part of the Mexican empire. Transition from Spanish control to Mexican control did not result in major changes in the early years of the 1820s. However, as time went on, the overall system of government and settlement changed. American traders, fur trappers, explorers, and settlers gradually filtered into California. Many of these men married daughters of the old Spanish families, thus acquiring title to many of the ranchos. As the United States was expanding across the continent, eyes were turning to California as a necessary access to the China trade. 08005 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Historical Background Section 106 Historic Report 16 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx A variety of governmental and economic changes in California during the first half of the 1800s led to a decline in the mission system. Secularization was officially declared in 1833: the mission system was disbanded, lands were sold, the priests left the missions, and the local tribes were left to fend for themselves. In 1845, Governor Pio Pico decreed that the Mission lands were for sale. All the land of Mission San Luis Obispo was sold except for the church, which still stands today. The church fell into ruins during secularization and the priests left the mission grounds. California became a state in 1850, and, as the County of San Luis Obispo developed, the church property served as the first courthouse and jail in the county. Some restoration on the building began in the 1870s but full restoration was not accomplished until 1933. The Mission serves as a parish church in the Monterey Diocese at the present time. Rancho Canada de Los Osos y Pecho y Islay Rancho Canada de Los Osos y Pecho y Islay was a 32,341-acre Mexican land grant in the Los Osos Valley in San Luis Obispo County. The grant consisted of Rancho Canada de Los Osos (northern portion) granted to Victor Linares by Governor Juan B. Alvarado in 1842, and Rancho Pecho y Islay southern portion) was granted to Francisco Badillo by Governor Manuel Micheltorena in 1843. The grants were consolidated by Governor Pio Pico in 1845. The grant extended from the Pacific Coast to along Los Osos Creek and the Los Osos Valley to the outer boundaries of present-day City of San Luis Obispo. The Rancho Canada de Los Osos land was purchased from Linares in 1844 by Scottish Captain John Juan) Wilson and his Scottish business partner, James (Diego) Scott. Wilson married into the Carrillo family, linking him to the prominent Spanish families, including the Vallejos. Wilson, a sea captain and trader, had come to California in 1837 and with his business partner, James Scott, purchased other rancho lands in San Luis Obispo County and Sonoma County. After California’s statehood in 1850, one of the major issues was the ownership of Hispanic land grants. The Land Act of 1851 required each owner to file paperwork to prove their claim; Wilson’s claim to the Rancho Canada de Los Osos grant was patented in 1869. After Wilson’s death in 1861, the land passed to his widow, Ramona Carrillo Wilson and their children. Over the next forty years, the land was gradually sold and a new era began on the former rancho lands. 2.2 - History of the City of San Luis Obispo The development of the City of San Luis Obispo grew out of the overall settlement of the County. In 1850, California became a state and fell under the control of the United States government. Sorting out the old Spanish and Mexican land grants, ranchos, and mission lands was an arduous process. Little formal paperwork existed, land boundaries were vague and unclear, and many of the old Hispanic families had no way to prove title to the lands that had been in their families for decades. With the implementation of the California Land Act of 1851, attempts were made to sort out the ownership and sale of the valuable land. Many of the old ranchos were subdivided into smaller parcels, and farms and ranches began to develop under the new system. Many families moved into San Luis Obispo and the City began to grow and develop. San Luis Obispo was officially designated the San Luis Obispo county seat in 1868. 08006 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report Historical Background FirstCarbon Solutions 17 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx Following a major drought in 1862 to 1864, the local economy shifted from cash crops to cattle production. A booming dairy industry was established that continued well into the mid-20th century. Improvements in the development of the railroad system brought increased expansion to the area. New lines connected the isolated region to the coast and the area soon became a central hub for trade moving both north and south to the major centers and to the coast. With the arrival of the Southern Pacific Railroad in the 1880s, the town and county areas expanded greatly. Union Oil of California established centers of operation in the County, and the agricultural and dairy development within the county thrived. In 1901, California Polytechnic Institute was established in the City. The Institute created a strong focus on vocational and agricultural training and over the decades provided an important fundamental training for local residents. The implementation of the Institute and its influence on the community greatly influenced the development of San Luis Obispo during the 20th century. Another significant influence on the local area was the development of San Simeon Ranch (known as Hearst Castle) by newspaper publisher William Randolph Hearst. The development of these two important landmarks, in addition to the Mission San Luis Obispo, served to stimulate the regional economy and influence the growth in and around San Luis Obispo. In the 20th century, the development of the automobile made it possible to expand the growth of the City beyond the downtown core area. City services, roads, and utilities expanded and improved to meet the needs of the expanded city. Tourism, and particularly automobile tourism, added another element to the local economy. The Great Depression of the 1930s slowed the local economy, as it did with the rest of the county. The establishment of Camp San Luis Obispo, a military training camp, helped to improve the local economy. Military preparation increased as World War II loomed, and the population of the City grew significantly, providing an economic boost well into mid-century. During the post-war period of the 1950s and 1960s, the demand for single-family homes rose dramatically and the City expanded by annexing areas in the County. Large residential subdivisions were constructed outside of the city core, and some of the former agricultural land began to transition to residential and commercial use. The City of San Luis Obispo Historic Context Statement includes the following information regarding the agricultural development of the area. The development of ranching and agriculture as the region’s main commercial enterprises influenced the development of San Luis Obispo. In the early 20th century, the primary agricultural crops ranged from flower seeds to winter peas, bush beans, pole beans, and celery. Japanese farmers were particularly successful with these crops through the 1930s. With the United States entrance into World War I in 1917, there was an enormous demand for agricultural products, which provided an economic boom to Central California. During the War, many farmers turned to the production of navy beans, since these were subsidized by the War Relief Administration. Before reliable 08007 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Historical Background Section 106 Historic Report 18 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx refrigeration, navy beans could be shipped to the troops in Europe without spoiling and San Luis Obispo’s economy boomed. In the early 20th century, oil derricks were erected in the area and drilling for oil began. The first lucrative oil fields were located south of San Luis Obispo and were controlled by families outside of the region, including the Doheny family from Los Angeles. The Producers Transportation Company represented the largest oil interest in San Luis Obispo County, accommodating the transport of oil from the Union Oil Company and the Independent Production Agency via 500 miles of pipeline to the Port of San Luis . . . . History of Froom Ranch The history of the Froom Ranch was compiled from a variety of sources. The ranch property lies within the boundaries of the former La Laguna or Laguna Rancho. The following information was taken from the 1998 report, Historical Evaluation for the Froom Ranch Complex, San Luis Obispo, written by San Luis Obispo County historian Betsy Bertrando. The area known as the Froom Ranch originally contained Lost 60, 67, 68, and 69 as portrayed on the 1869 map – Subdivisions of the Rancho Canada de Los Osos and La Laguna, surveyed by James Stanton. A total of 867.87 acres made up the original Froom Ranch parcel. Today, the Ranch consists of approximately 500 acres. The ranch/farm complex sits on Lot 68 of the original subdivision bordering the southwest boundary of the Laguna Rancho. The Laguna Rancho was originally part of the Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa lands. In 1844, after the Mission rancho lands had been regranted by the Mexican government, Governor Micheltorena granted the church “one square league (4157 acres) in the place called ‘Laguna’” (Engledhardt 1964). This was included with two garden plots and the church in San Luis Obispo. In 1845, the new governor, Pio Pico, sold off all the remaining mission lands and buildings. Captain John Wilson, and two partners, Scott and McKinley, bought the San Luis Obispo Mission and the Laguna Rancho for $500 (Angel 1883). The properties were later claimed by the church and confirmed by the American government in 1855 (Koeber 1972). In 1859, Bishop Alemany sold the Laguna property to Captain John Wilson. W.W. Stow, from San Francisco, eventually acquired the Wilson estate. Stow was known locally as a major benefactor of the first library in San Luis Obispo. Contributing books not money, Stow felt ‘there was too much reading of fiction, which might be stopped if history and biographical works were placed on the shelf’ and wanted to make the selections himself (Togazzani 1992). In 1875, Stow sold the property to S.W. (Henry) Foreman, a surveyor. Henry and his wife built a rather elaborate house (for the time) that remains today at the end of Madonna Road and is known as the De Vaul Ranch House (Bertrando 1997). 08008 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report Historical Background FirstCarbon Solutions 19 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx In 1884, Ludwig Nelson purchased Lot 60 of the La Laguna subdivision from Foreman. Nelson came from Norway to California in 1859 and arrived in the county in 1868. By 1883, the land acquired a dairy and 856 acres in the Harmony District. Nelson is listed as a farmer in 1884 and as a dairyman in the 1982 San Luis Obispo Great Register. The ranch eventually grew to contain Lots 67, 68, and 69 as well, for a total of 867.87 acres. When Ludwig died, the property was run by his wife Annie Nelson. Annie Nelson owned four ranches; one in Estero, two in Cambria/Harmony, and the Froom Ranch on Los Osos Valley Road (Bill Froom pers. comm.). John R. Froom was born in Prescott, Grantville County, Canada in 1864. When he was sixteen years old he left Canada for Iowa. After six months he made his way to California and did ranch work for a year near Santa Rosa. Then in 1886, he came to work for Ludwig Nelson in Laguna, living in a little room attached to the creamery Structure E; See Results Section). In 1890, he leased 500 acres and began dairying with fifty cows. Harriet Perry was a native of Ireland who first came to Illinois with her brother and later to San Luis Obispo where she settled. Harriet and John Froom were married on December 14, 1904 and had seven children: Harry, Annie, Minnie, Willie, Robert, Bunny and John (Morrison 1917). From the estate of Annie Nelson, Harriet Perry Froom acquired Lots 60, 67, 68, and 69 in 1904. In 1905, the H.P. Froom Ranch consisted of 412.65 acres. They lived in the small addition at the east end of the creamery that appears to be, but is not, attached to the creamery (Structure E). In 1915, they moved into the ‘new’ four bedroom house (Structure C). According to Bill Froom, a dairy had been on the property since the 1850s. The subdivision map of 1868 gives no information regarding land use or existing structures. The plat map of 1858 shows one house near the eastern border of the Laguna Rancho. A ‘thatched’ house is shown just to the outside of the southern point of the rancho. For several years the ranch has been owned by Alex Madonna and used as an equipment storage yard. Madonna ran cattle on the ranch as well. He has been responsible for the upkeep of the ranch structures and has painted most of the buildings. Bill Froom, until this fall, continued to reside in the house he has spent most of his life in. Health problems have recently necessitated Bill living with his brother in San Luis Obispo. Currently no one resides on the ranch. A variety of local sources obtained from the files of the Local History Room at the San Luis Obispo County Library were used to add information to the overall history of the ranch. Local newspapers interviewed Bill Froom many times and some of his stories about the ranch were recounted in the articles. Local San Luis Obispo historian Joan Sullivan conducted a series of interviews with Bill Froom, which were published in The Bay News in 1993. An article entitled “The Froom Family Ranch” included the following information: 08009 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Historical Background Section 106 Historic Report 20 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx Mr. Froom stated that his father had originally leased the ranch for $1500. His lease included the ranch lands (much larger than today’s ranch property), the harnesses for the horses, wagon and hay. Bill retained the receipt his entire life. His father worked the ranch for 31 years and lived in the Creamery house for the first ten years. Froom said his father “bached it” until 1902 when he married his mother, Harriet Perry, when she was 18. The Frooms began having seven children and Bill was the middle child born in 1910 in the house attached to the Creamery building. As the family expanded, a new house was needed. Hans Peterson built the Craftsman-style residence in 1915 and boarded with the family while it was under construction. Peterson also built a woodshed, the washing room, the storeroom, and the bunkhouse. Bill Froom first attended the Laguna Elementary School when he was six years old. He attended the school for 8 years and was also hired to care for the grounds for one dollar. Many years later, from 1948 to 1966, he served as a Trustee for the Laguna School District that had been formed in 1877. The school was constructed in 1870 on land donated by Harry Forma. John Froom worked for Forma as a hired hand prior to buying the Froom Ranch property. In 1870, John Froom planted cypress trees around the schoolhouse that Froman had traveled to Monterey to obtain. Some of the trees were still standing in the 1990s. When Bill Froom was 8 years old, his father asked him if he could milk a cow and that is when he began helping with feeding and milking the family herd of Durham cows. Bill Froom continued to milk cows by hand until 1945, when the milking machine was installed. By age 15, Bill was taking teams of horses out to track hay and farm. John Froom died when Bill was 17, during the Great Depression in 1929. Bill took over the farm and ran it until 1977. Like most ranch families, the family weathered the hard times of the 1930s. Bill took work outside the farm and worked for local families making 15 cents an hour. He recounted that the most money he ever made during that period was 50 cents an hour. The ranch was an ideal location for dairy cows and the Froom family owned Durham cows, which produced milk with a high butter fat content. The cows were milked twice a day and produced 200 gallons of milk a day. Eventually the family switched to Guernsey cows. The dairy was profitable until the 1950s, when the local dairy economy began to fade. The high cost of operating the dairy led the family to slowly reduce the herd. They decided to switch over to raising beef cattle. Bill commented in the Bay News article that “we could always pay our taxes ($160 per acre) dairying and I found out the hard way that one good dairy cow was worth much more than any beef cow. One year cattle brought in $11,000 and cost me $13,000.” Bill Froom told Joan Sullivan the story of the barns on the property. Jim Aiken lived in a tent by the creek on the property and built the dairy barn, the granary, and the horse barn in 1913 for $1,800.00 which included labor and materials. Every day he came up from his tent by the creek and worked on the buildings. The dairy barn was 80 feet by 60 feet and was designed to hold 10 cows at either end and 10 at each side. The barn contained a 4-inch carrier track designed to bring hay into the barn. 08010 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report Historical Background FirstCarbon Solutions 21 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx Froom told the story of how difficult it had been to learn to use the milking machine when it was first installed. It took him 4 hours to do the milking on the first day because the noise of the machine made the cows nervous. By the second day, the cows were leaking and uncomfortable so they were much more agreeable to the machine. Froom eventually purchased four milking machines. Each machine could milk one cow at a time, the most modern method at the time. Froom stated that “everyone says it would spoil my cows but they liked them better than hand milking . . . .” Apparently, the cows felt it was more like a calf than a machine. Froom’s farm was considered one of the most modern in the area, and he routinely gave tours to college classes that learned his techniques and operation. His horse-powered churn fascinated his students. Froom started the County Farm Bureau and served as a director for the Cattlemen’s Association. He volunteered as a docent at the local history museum. In addition, he traveled around the County giving demonstrations of how to sharpen tools, explained the production process for butter and cream, and demonstrated a wide range of farm skills that were being lost. More information about the buildings was included in the article. The Granary was double walled and rat free, the only one in the County. A bull pen, built in 1930, had been constructed on the property after John Froom died, since he had objected to the idea. The horse barn was originally divided into three sections: wagons were on the left, horse stalls were on the right (two horses to a stall), and the hay wagon was placed in the middle of the barn. An article in the San Luis Obispo Telegram-Tribune, dated July 11, 1989, detailed an interview with Bill Froom. Froom had been hired as a teenager in the mid-1920s by a local banker and worked for only 3 days. He had to wear a “necktie and nice shoes” and he discovered very quickly he was not cut out for banking. He listened to his father and returned to the ranching life, which sustained him for the next 50 years. Froom took over the farm in 1927 when his father became sick and he was only a junior in high school. Bill was chosen to take over the farm because the older brother who was first in line to take the farm was not home, working in the oil fields making $4 a day—big money in those days. Froom stated that “I had already made my letter in track and so I could skip athletics and come home in the afternoon to deal with the cows.” During the difficult years of the Great Depression, the farm did not produce enough income. Bill went to work as a farm hand on the Dalidlio property across the road from the ranch. He made 15 cents an hour working for the neighbors and was glad to have it, as that wage was considered good money during the hard times. During the World War II years of the 1940s, chromium was mined on the ranch property. The deposit was a large one and has been untouched since the war years. Chromium is mixed with other ores to make a high-grade steel. The expense of extraction and transportation of the ore proved too costly for any further production after the war. Froom told a story about the Creamery building. Apparently, one of the workers on the ranch liked to drink during the day crawled under the Creamery building to do this. He shifted the rock 08011 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Historical Background Section 106 Historic Report 22 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx foundation stones around so that he could sleep in the shade. When John Froom saw what he had done, he decided to dig out a cellar under the building. John Froom’s ingenuity led to the design of the Granary building. Rats would chew through the burlap sacks in which grain was stored, so John Froom built the Granary on stilts with tongue and groove double walls to prevent rat damage. Farmers from all over the valley brought their grain to the Froom Ranch for rat-free storage. An oral interview was conducted with John Madonna, current owner of the property (Madonna pers. comm.). The Madonna family is one of the oldest pioneer families in the area and owns the Madonna Inn, a local landmark, and numerous ranches in the San Luis Obispo County area. John Madonna stated that Bill Froom had been a boxer in the United States Army during World War II. He said that Froom had never married and had no children. However, Bill Froom had been heavily involved with the local school system, contributing a great deal of his time to local education. John Madonna commented that Bill Froom had named all his cows over the years—names such as Rosie and Betsy. The dairy operation had approximately 50 cows, though possibly not all at the same time. Mr. Madonna stated that his father, Alex Madonna, had purchased the property in a tax lien sale in 1976. Dairy operations ceased in 1977 when Bill Froom retired after having run the ranch since 1927. Mr. Madonna raised beef cattle on the property for several years. The property is currently used as the office and equipment storage area for the John Madonna Construction Company. 2.3 - Methods and Results of Historic Assessment Introduction The Froom Ranch property was evaluated for historic and architectural significance and its potential to meet National Register of Historic Places, State of California, and local City of San Luis Obispo criteria. This report presents the results of the assessment. The Froom Ranch complex was assessed for its historic and architectural significance by FCS Architectural Historian, Kathleen A. Crawford, MA. Ms. Crawford conducted the archival research and on January 6, 2015 visited the Froom Ranch complex. During the site visit, Ms. Crawford personally inspected and photographed each structure on the property for this report. Archival Research In order to fully assess the Froom Ranch complex, varieties of archival sources were accessed for information related to the property and its history. Sources consulted include the San Luis Obispo County Assessor’s Office records; the San Luis Obispo County Recorder’s Office records; the City of San Luis Obispo Planning Department files, including an interview with Senior Planner Brian Leveille; the City of San Luis Obispo Building Department building permit files and additional records; the San Luis Obispo County Public Library, Local History Room files; the History Center of San Luis Obispo files; a variety of internet sources; two films about the Froom Ranch produced by Joan Sullivan, local San Luis Obispo historian; miscellaneous documents, including Environmental Impact Reports and previous assessments; and an oral interview conducted on January 27, 2015 with John Madonna, current owner of the property. One of the most important documents regarding the history of the 08012 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report Historical Background FirstCarbon Solutions 23 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx Froom Ranch is the report written by local San Luis Obispo historian, Betsy Bertrando, in 1998. Ms. Bertrando’s report was a valuable source of information, as she had personally interviewed Mr. Bill Froom, owner of the property, and reviewed a wide range of local maps, oral interviews, historic documents, and other local sources to complete her assessment of the property. She visited the site at various times over the years and was able to observe the changes to the property. Her observations were important in the current assessment of the remaining buildings on the Froom Ranch property. In addition, invaluable information was obtained from the City of San Luis Obispo Historic Context Statement, written in 2013. This document provided important historic context information for fully assessing the Froom Ranch complex. Froom Ranch Historic and Architectural Survey Results The 1998 Bertrando report provided a base of information to compare the current conditions with the previous developments on the Froom Ranch property. Conditions on the Froom Ranch have changed since the report was written: buildings have been removed and the remaining structures are in various states of repair. The property currently contains the buildings/structures described below. 1. Main Residence (c. 1915) The building is a one-story, Craftsman-style, single-family residence located on the lower level near the front of the property. Bertrando Report: House/Structure C The four bedroom house was built by Hans Peterson in 1915. Peterson also built a wood shed, the washing room, store room and bunkhouse during the same period. The washing room and store room were added to the rear of the house in a long addition that is partially of board and batten construction. The main part of the house has shiplap siding. The building sits on a redwood sill foundation. The entrance is from a porch supported by three columns that face the east. Above the porch are decorative shingles under the eaves. 2. “Old” Barn (date unknown) The building was moved to its current location at an unknown time from another location in the Los Osos Valley. The “Old” Barn is a one-story, wood barn structure. The building is over 100 years old. Bertrando Report: Old Barn/Structure A The barn near the house was moved to its present location and is over 100 years old. The original location was on the south east (sic) side of the ranch until it was moved slowly over logs over the creek to the present site. The barn has a corrugated roof and is formed from vertical boards. There is no foundation. Double entry doors face east at the end of the long driveway. 08013 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Historical Background Section 106 Historic Report 24 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx 3. Bunkhouse (c. 1915) The Bunkhouse is a small Craftsman-style, residential building located between the Main Residence and the “Old” Barn on the lower level. Bertrando Report: Bunkhouse/Structure B A small structure in good condition sits between the old barn (A) and the house (C). It is built of the same shiplap boards as the house (C). It has sash windows and a door opening onto a corner stoop on the east side. It was built by Hans Peterson in 1915 at the same time as the house (Sullivan 1993). 4. Shed with slanted roof (date unknown) The Shed is a small wooden shed with a small addition. The Shed is located to the north of the Main Residence on the lower level of the property. Bertrando Report: Wood Shed/Structure D The shed has a corrugated roof and vertical board siding. There is a door on the east and north sides of the structure. A shed roof that abuts a flat roof suggest the flat roof was a later addition. The shed was in the process of being emptied of great piles of tin cans. One cleared area has exposed a piece of farm equipment in good condition. It was a horse drawn seeder labeled ‘California Green Seed Sower.’ It appeared there may be other pieces of equipment amongst and under the remaining cans although it was difficult to tell. 5. Outhouse (date unknown) The Outhouse is a small, one-story structure located behind the “Old” Barn. Bertrando Report Not included. 6. Storage Building (date unknown) The Storage Building is a small, one-story wood structure that is located on the lower level north of the “Old” Barn. The building was probably moved to this location from an unknown location. Bertrando Report Not included. 7. Creamery/House (date unknown) The Creamery/House structure is composed of two wood buildings. The west structure is the Creamery building; the east portion is the house that the family lived in prior the construction of the Main Residence. The Creamery/House structure is located on the hillside on the upper level. 08014 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report Historical Background FirstCarbon Solutions 25 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx Bertrando Report: Old Creamery/House/Structure E One of the most interesting structures within the ranch, the Old Creamery/House is also complex, having been built in at least three episodes. The west side of the wood shingled structure includes a room that was home to Bill Froom’s father for many years. The board and batten creamery housed a horse powered churn and a butter break table. Only the corn sheller remains. Most of the equipment is now gone. The author remembers visiting this site in the 1970s and noticing piles of old bottles under the floor boards on the ground floor. This time it was clean and no bottles remained. The middle of the structure was built with shiplap and may have been an addition to the creamery. The west side appears to be attached to the creamery but is actually separated by a space about a foot wide. The living space consisted of two rooms that had been muslin over board and batten construction. Currently the north facing room is stripped of boards. A later porch addition is on the south side. The condition of the structure is very weathered and the flooring is unstable. 8. Dairy Barn (c. 1913) The Dairy Barn is a large, wood barn building with a curved front wall. The Dairy Barn is sited on the hillside above the house complex. Bertrando Report: Dairy Barn/Structure F Another structure of interest is the Dairy Barn. This structure has an unusual rounded end on the south side that hangs along the edge of the slope. The dairy barn, as well as the granary and the horse barn, were constructed by Jim Aiken in 1913 for $1800. The barn roof has wood shingles and the walls of vertical planks rest on formed concrete. 9. Granary (c. 1913) The Granary is a small, wood structure located on the hillside north of the Dairy Barn and west of the Horse Barn foundation. Bertrando Report: Granary/Structure G. The small rectangular granary is in fairly good condition and is composed of vertical plank walls that rest on concrete and block wood posts. The granary was constructed by Jim Aiken in 1913. 10. Horse Barn (date unknown) The Horse Barn is no longer extant; only the foundation remains. The Horse Barn was located north of the Dairy Barn and Creamery/House buildings and east of the Granary. 08015 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Historical Background Section 106 Historic Report 26 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx Bertrando Report: Horse Barn/Structure H. The barn is constructed of vertical boards on a concrete foundation. The wood shingle roof is missing approximately 12% of the shingles. The barn doors open on the north side and was used for wagons, horses and hay storage. The horse barn was constructed by Jim Aiken in 1913. The barn is a style typical of the period. Additional information John Madonna stated that the Horse Barn had been used for storage of salvaged materials during the period of ownership by the Madonna family. Alex Madonna collected salvaged materials from local ranches, businesses, and homes and stored some of these materials in the barn. The barn was in extremely poor condition and the sides were falling down. John Madonna attempted to stabilize and prop up the building but eventually the deterioration was too great. The building collapsed and the materials were hauled away. 11. Water Tower (2013) The Water Tower structure is located on the hillside above the Granary area. It is a Verizon Wireless cell tower site and was constructed within the last 2 years. The Bertrando report did not address this structure, as it had not been built at the time of the 1998 evaluation. 08016 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report Significance Criteria and Evaluations: Froom Ranch FirstCarbon Solutions 27 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx SECTION 3: SIGNIFICANCE CRITERIA AND EVALUATIONS: FROOM RANCH 3.1 - Application of National Register of Historical Places Criteria Criterion A: Event: Properties can be eligible for the National Register if they are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. Historical evidence was found that would support the determination that the property was associated with events that made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. The subject property, the Froom Ranch, is one of the oldest dairy properties in the history of San Luis Obispo County. The Froom family was a pioneering ranching family and was part of the overall development of the important dairy industry in the San Luis Obispo area. The subject property does merit designation under National Register Criterion A: Event at the local level. Criterion B: Person: Properties may be eligible for the National Register if they are associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. Historical evidence was found that would support the determination that the property was associated with persons significant in our past. The property is associated with the Froom family and Bill Froom in particular. The Froom family purchased the ranch in the late 19th century as one of the area’s pioneering families. Bill Froom, son of John Froom, inherited the property in 1929 and continued to operate a dairy and ranching operation for the next 50 years. Bill Froom was also an important local leader and made many contributions to the development of the local school system and community. The subject property does merit designation under National Register Criterion B: Person. Criterion C: Design/Construction: Properties may be eligible for the National Register if they embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction, or that represent the work of a master, or that possess high artistic values, or that represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction. Evidence was found that would support the determination that the property embodied the distinctive characteristics of a significant style of architecture, which this criterion includes within the term “type.” A property is eligible as a specimen of its type or period of construction under this criterion if it is an important example of building practices of a particular time in history. The Main Residence is a typical example of the Craftsman-style of architecture and the interior has been altered extensively over the years. The building was transitioned to an office use over the last two decades. However, its exterior appearance has remained essentially the same since it was constructed by Hans Peterson in 1915. Its appearance includes the following character defining features as listed in the San Luis Obispo Historic Context Statement: Horizontal massing Low-pitched gable roof Wood exterior wall cladding 08017 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Significance Criteria and Evaluations: Froom Ranch Section 106 Historic Report 28 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx Projecting partial-width front porch Wood-frame double-hung sash windows Extensive use of natural materials – wood Therefore, the Main Residence is considered to meet the criteria under style. The Dairy Barn is a Vernacular-style structure. The barn is unusual, the only one in the County with a rounded front. The rounded front was designed to facilitate the milking process and move the cows through the barn efficiently. The Creamery/House structure is also a local Vernacular-style building with a history indicative of the local area. The building was constructed as a creamery and a residence. The building displays the features of local building styles and its utilitarian function. The Dairy Barn and Creamery/House buildings are examples of the type of local Vernacular architecture and their period of construction at the turn of the 20th century. The remaining buildings are not considered to retain, or embody, enough of the distinctive features, type or method of construction to be considered significant. A “master” under this criterion is a figure of generally recognized greatness in a field. Hans Peterson and Jim Aiken were responsible for the construction of the majority of the current buildings on the site. Neither has been identified as a master builder, architect, or craftsman. High artistic values” under this criterion refers to properties that so fully articulate a particular concept of design that they express an aesthetic ideal, which is not the case here. The terminology referring to “components of an entity” are intended to address historic districts. The subject property does merit designation under National Register Criterion C: Architecture at the local level. Criterion D: Information Potential: Properties may be eligible for the National Register if they have yielded or are likely to yield information important in prehistory or history. This criterion is intended to address archaeological resources. To be designated under this criterion the property must have information to contribute to our understanding of human history and prehistory and that information must be important. This criterion is not applicable to this property. The subject property does not merit designation under National Register Criterion D: Information Potential at the local level. 3.2 - Application of California Register of Historical Resources Criteria Properties that are subject to the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) must be evaluated for historical significance under the California Register of Historical Resources. The criteria for evaluating the significance of historical resources require that the resource must be significant at the local, state, or national level under one or more of the following four criteria: 08018 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report Significance Criteria and Evaluations: Froom Ranch FirstCarbon Solutions 29 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx 1) Association with Events: It is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of local or regional history, or the cultural heritage of California or the United States. Historical evidence was found that would support the determination that the property was associated with events that made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of local or regional history, the development of San Luis Obispo County and the dairy industry. The subject property does merit designation under California Register Criterion (1). 2) Association with Persons: It is associated with the lives of persons important to local, California or National History. Historical evidence was found that would support the determination that the property was associated with the lives of persons important to local history. The property is associated with the pioneering Froom family and Bill Froom in particular. The subject property does merit designation under California Register Criterion (2). 3) Design/Construction: It embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represents the work of a master or possesses high artistic values. Evidence was found that would support the determination that the property embodied the distinctive characteristics of a significant type, period, region or method of construction. The Main Residence is a good example of local Craftsman architecture and the Dairy Barn and Creamery/ House buildings exemplify local Vernacular architecture and building techniques. The buildings were not constructed by master builders or architects, as Hans Peterson and Jim Aiken have not been identified as masters in these fields. None of the buildings on the property possessed high artistic values. The subject property does merit designation under California Register Criterion (3). 4) Archaeology: It has yielded or has the potential to yield information important to the prehistory or history of the local area, California or the nation. To be designated under this criterion, the property must have information to contribute to our understanding of human history and prehistory and that information must be important. The subject property does not merit designation under California Register Criterion (4). 3.3 - City of San Luis Obispo Criteria The following criteria and guidelines for evaluation were taken from the City of San Luis Obispo Historic Context Statement. Local Designation Guidelines In 2010, the City of San Luis Obispo adopted a Historic Preservation Ordinance that outlines the process and criteria for the inclusion of historic resources on the City’s Master List or Contributing List of Historic Resources. In order to be eligible for designation, the resource must exhibit a high 08019 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Significance Criteria and Evaluations: Froom Ranch Section 106 Historic Report 30 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx level of historic integrity, be at least fifty (50) years old and satisfy at least one of the following criteria. A. Architectural criteria: Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region or method of construction, or represents the work of a master, or possess high artistic values. 1. Style: Describes the form of a building, architectural details within the form (e.g., arrangement of windows and doors, ornamentation, etc.). Building style will be evaluated as a measure of: a. The relative purity of a traditional style; b. Rarity of existence at any time in the locale; and/or current rarity although the structure reflects a once popular style; c. Traditional, vernacular, and/or eclectic influences that represent a particular social milieu and period of the community; and/or the uniqueness of hybrid styles and how these styles are put together. 2. Design: Describes the architectural concept of a structure and the quality of artistic merit and craftsmanship of the individual parts. Reflects how well a particular style or combination of styles are expressed through compatibility and detailing of elements. Also suggest degree to which the designer (e.g., carpenter-builder) accurately interpreted and conveyed the style. Building design will be evaluated as a measure of: a. Notable attractiveness with aesthetic appeal because of its artistic merit, details, and craftsmanship (even if not necessarily unique); b. An expression of interesting details and eclecticism among carpenter-builders, although the craftsmanship and quality may not be superior. 3. Architect: Describe the professional (individual or firm) responsible for the building design and plans for the structure. The architect will be evaluated as a reference to: a. A notable architect (e.g., Wright Morgan) including architects who made significant contributions to the state or region, or an architect whose work influenced the development of the city, state, or nation; b. An architect, who in terms of craftsmanship made significant contributions to San Luis Obispo (e.g., Abraham who according to local sources designed the house at 810 Osos—Frank Avila’s father’s home—built between 1927 and 1930). B. Historic Criteria 1. History – Persons associated with the lives of persons important to local, state, or national history. Person will be evaluated as a measure of the degree to which a person or group was: a. Significant to the community as a public leader (e.g., mayor, congress leader, etc.) and for his or her fame and outstanding recognition—locally, regionally or nationally; b. Significant to the community as a public servant or as a person who made early, unique, or outstanding contributions to the community, local affairs or institutions (e.g., Council member, education, medical professional, clergymen, public officials) 08020 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report Significance Criteria and Evaluations: Froom Ranch FirstCarbon Solutions 31 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx 2. History – Event Associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of local or regional history or the cultural heritage of California or the United States. Historic events will be evaluated as a measure of: i. A landmark, famous, or first of its kind event for the city—regardless of whether the impact of the event spread beyond the city; ii. A relatively unique, important or interesting contribution to the city (e.g., The Ah Louis Store as the center for Chinese-American activities in early San Luis Obispo history). 3. History – Context. Associated with and also a prime illustration of prominent patterns of political, social, economic, cultural, medical educational, governmental, military, industrial, or religious history. Historic context will be evaluated as to the measure of the degree to which it reflects: a. Early, first or major patterns of local history, regardless of whether the historic effects go beyond the city level that are immediately connected with the building (e.g., County Museum). b. Secondary patterns of local history, but closely associated with the building (e.g., Park Hotel). C. Integrity – Authenticity of historical resource’s physical identity evidenced by the survival of characteristics that existed during the resource’s period of significance. Integrity will be evaluated by a measure of: 1. Whether or not a structure occupies its original site and/or whether the original foundation has been changed, if known; 2. The degree to which the structure has maintained enough of its historic character or appearance to be recognizable as an historic resource and to convey the reasons for its historic significance; 3. The degree to which the resource has retained its design, setting, materials, workman- ship, feeling and association. In assessing a property’s integrity, the National Park Service recognizes that properties change over time. National Register Bulletin 15 states: To retain historic integrity, a property will always possess several, and usually most, of the aspects. It is not necessary for a property to retain all its historic physical features or characteristics. The property must retain, however, the essential physical features that allow it to convey its historic identity. A property that has lost some of its historic materials or details can be eligible if it retains the majority of the features that illustrate its style in terms of massing, spatial relationships, proportion, pattern of windows and doors, texture of materials, and ornamentation. The property Is not eligible if it retains some basic features conveying massing, but has lost the majority of the features that once characterized its style. 08021 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Significance Criteria and Evaluations: Froom Ranch Section 106 Historic Report 32 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx For properties that are considered significant under National Register Criteria A and B, National Register Bulletin 15 states: A property is significant for its historic association is eligible if it retains the essential physical features that make up the character or appearance during the period of its association with the important event, historical pattern, or person. A property important for illustrating an architectural style or construction technique must retain most of the physical features that constitute the style or technique. A property that has sufficient integrity for listing at the national, state or local level will typically retain a majority of the character defining features, and will retain sufficient integrity to convey its significance. The required aspects of integrity are dependent on the reasons for a property’s significance. Increased age and rarity of the property type are also considerations when assessing integrity thresholds. For example, for properties that are significant for their architectural merit (Criterion C3, A1-A3) a higher priority is placed on integrity of design, materials, and workmanship. For properties that are significant for events or persons, integrity of feeling and/or association may be more important. The Froom Ranch complex was assessed for all aspects of its historical significance and historic integrity. The property meets six of the seven criteria for integrity. The following integrity criteria were applied to the buildings and the complex as a whole. 3.4 - Integrity of the Structure In addition to determining the significance of a property under local, state, and federal criteria, it is necessary to assess whether the property has integrity. Integrity is the ability of a property to convey and maintain its significance. A property must not only be shown to be significant under the established criteria, it must also have integrity. In order to retain historic integrity, a property must possess several, and usually most, of the seven key aspects of integrity, which are location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. Application of the City’s Guidelines for Finding Integrity 1. Integrity is the authenticity of a historical resource’s physical integrity clearly indicated by the retention of characteristics that existed during the resource’s period of significance. 2. Integrity relates to the presence or absence of historic materials and character defining features. Application of the Seven Aspects of Integrity Location: The place where the historic property was constructed or the place where the historic event occurred. The subject buildings remain at their original location. The “Old” Barn was moved to the current location but has remained in this location for over 100 years. 08022 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report Significance Criteria and Evaluations: Froom Ranch FirstCarbon Solutions 33 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx Design: The combination of elements that create the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a property. The buildings retain their basic original design and, therefore, have retained this aspect of integrity. Setting: The physical environment of a historic property. Review of historic maps, archival materials, and aerial photographs, as well as physical inspection of the surrounding area, indicates that the majority of the Froom Ranch has retained its original appearance. However, the surrounding neighborhood has changed from its original agricultural setting to a mixed-use commercial and residential setting. The property has not retained its overall setting. Materials: The physical elements that were combined or deposited during a particular period of time and in a particular pattern or configuration to form a historic property. The buildings have retained their original appearance with no significant changes to their overall materials component. Alex and John Madonna undertook a series of repairs on the buildings over the decades. Because they were able to salvage materials from old local barns and other sources, they were able to use old, appropriate materials to do the repairs and renovations. Therefore, the overall integrity has been retained. Workmanship: The physical evidence of the crafts of a particular culture or people during any given period in history or prehistory. The quality of the original workmanship has basically been maintained from the original construction. Feeling: A property’s expression of the aesthetic or historic sense of a particular period of time. The Froom Ranch farm complex has basically maintained the original feeling of the property. Association: The direct link between an important historic event or person and a historic property. The property has been determined to be directly linked to an important historic event, the development of agriculture and the dairy industry in the Los Osos Valley; and a person important in local San Luis Obispo history, Bill Froom. Therefore, it has an associative element. Conclusion Of the seven aspects of integrity, the building retains all but one: Setting. Therefore, it passes the integrity test. 3.5 - Historic Themes In addition to the above City of San Luis Obispo standards and guidelines, the City has created historic context themes that allow further evaluation of the property and is historic significance. The Froom Ranch complex was evaluated under the City of San Luis Obispo Theme: Early 20th Century Agriculture and Industrial Development. In general, agriculture and industrial properties are generally not associated with particular architectural styles. Vernacular industrial buildings of brick and reinforced concrete are the predominate form, and significance is frequently derived from historic association, rather than 08023 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Significance Criteria and Evaluations: Froom Ranch Section 106 Historic Report 34 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx aesthetic qualities. Agricultural and industrial resources from this period may be eligible under several 20th-century themes. Early 20th Century Agriculture and Industrial Development Associated Property Types, Integrity Consideration & Eligibility Standards Property Types Examples of industrial properties from this period include railroad-related warehouse, rail yards, rail lines, and rail spurs. Agricultural property types include: warehouses, farmhouses, and related outbuildings. An agricultural or industrial building from this period may be significant: As a rare, intact example of a particular type of agricultural or industrial development; or for its association with the development of an important local industry – Criterion 1A, B2 (Event). As a rare example of a specific agricultural or industrial property type – Criterion C3, A1, A2 Design/Construction). As a property type that has a direct association with the railroad – Criterion C3, A1, A2 Design/Construction). Integrity Considerations In order to be eligible for listing at the federal, state, or local levels, a property must retain sufficient integrity to convey its historic significance under Early 20th Century Agricultural and Industrial themes: Agricultural and industrial properties from this period eligible under Criteria A1,B2 (Event) should retain integrity of location, design, feeling and association. Agricultural and industrial properties significant under Criterion C3, A1, A2 (Design/ Construction) should retain integrity of location, design, materials, workmanship and feeling. Eligibility Standards To be eligible, a property must: Date from the period of significance; Display most of the character-defining features of the type; and Retain the essential aspects of integrity. 3.6 - Findings and Conclusions Upon application of local City of San Luis Obispo criteria, standards, and guidelines; State of California Historical Register criteria; and National Register of Historic Places criteria, the conclusion was reached that the Froom Ranch complex is considered eligible for nomination to the local San Luis Obispo Historic Register under the following Criteria: 08024 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report Significance Criteria and Evaluations: Froom Ranch FirstCarbon Solutions 35 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx 1. Architecture: A1, A2 The Froom Ranch complex includes examples of Craftsman architecture: the Main Residence and the Bunkhouse. The buildings are both intact and good examples of the style and contain the main character defining features of the Craftsman style. In addition, the complex contains a unique example of Vernacular architecture: the Dairy Barn with the rounded front, the only such structure in San Luis Obispo County. Additional Vernacular-style structures include the Creamery/House building, the Granary and the Shed. The buildings represent the local farming and dairy industry development and the predominant architectural styles of the early 20th century. 2. Historic Criteria – Person and Event: B1, B2 The Froom Ranch complex is considered to have historic significance for its connection with the Froom family and Bill Froom and the development of early 20th century ranching and the dairy industry. The complex exemplifies the Early 20th Century Agricultural Development theme. 3. Integrity: C1, C2, C3 The Froom Ranch complex has retained its overall integrity of design, location, setting, feeling, association, materials, workmanship, and overall historic integrity. As such, the Froom Ranch complex exemplifies the early 20th century agricultural development of San Luis Obispo County. The complex is also locally significant under Criteria 1, 2, and 3 of the State of California Historical Register and the National Register of Historic Places Criteria A, B, and C. The property is significant for its association with the overall development of the San Luis Obispo area and the dairy industry; for its association with the pioneering Froom family and for Bill Froom and his local contributions; and for the Craftsman and Vernacular architecture of the buildings located on the property. In addition, the Froom Ranch complex is considered to meet the criteria for a historic district, since the various buildings and structures comprise a significant entity. 3.7 - Historic District National Register Bulletin 15 includes the following information regarding historic districts: A district possesses a significant concentration, linkage, or continuity of site, buildings, structures, or objects united historically or aesthetically by plan or physical development. A district derives its importance from being a unified entity, even though it is often composed of a wide variety of resources The identity of a district results from the interrelationship of its resources, which can convey a visual sense of the overall historic environment or be an arrangement of historically or functionally related properties. For example, a district can reflect one principal activity, such as a mill or a ranch, or it can encompass several interrelated activities, such as an area that includes industrial, residential or commercial buildings, sites, structures, or objects. A district can also be a grouping of archaeological sites related primarily by their 08025 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Significance Criteria and Evaluations: Froom Ranch Section 106 Historic Report 36 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx common components; these types of districts often will not visually present a specific historic environment. A district must be significant, as well as being an identifiable entity. It must be important for historical, architectural, archaeological, engineering, or cultural values. Therefore, districts that are significant will usually meet the last portion of Criterion C plus Criterion A, Criterion B, other portions of Criterion C, or Criterion D. A district can encompass both features that lack individual distinction and individually distinctive features that serve as focal points. It may even be considered eligible if all of the components lack individual distinction, provided that the grouping achieves significance as a whole within the historic context. In either case, the majority of the components that add to the district’s historic character, even if they are individually undistinguished, must possess integrity, as must the district as a whole. A district can contain buildings, structures, sites, objects, or open spaces that do not contribute to the significance of the district. The number of non-contributing properties a district can contain yet still convey the sense of time and place and historical development depends on how these properties affect the district’s integrity . . . The Froom Ranch complex is considered to meet the necessary criteria as a historic district. The Froom Ranch Historic District contains seven contributing structures and three non-contributing structures. The Froom Ranch Historic District is considered an excellent example of early 20th century ranching and dairy industry development in San Luis Obispo County; its association with the pioneering Froom family and Bill Froom and his local contributions; and for its examples of Craftsman and Vernacular architecture. 3.8 - Contributing Structures 1. Main Residence The c. 1915 Craftsman-style residence served as the Froom family home from 1915 to 1998. The building is a good example of Craftsman architecture in the San Luis Obispo area. 2. “Old” Barn The “Old” Barn was built at an unknown time, possibly c. 1900, and moved to the current location early 20th century. The barn has been renovated extensively. 3. Bunkhouse The c. 1915 Bunkhouse is a Craftsman-style residential building once occupied by Bill Froom’s brother. 08026 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report Significance Criteria and Evaluations: Froom Ranch FirstCarbon Solutions 37 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx 4. Dairy Barn The c. 1913 Dairy Barn is a unique example of local dairy industry Vernacular construction. The barn is the only barn in San Luis Obispo County with a rounded facade. 5. Creamery/House The Creamery/House building dates to the early period of the Froom Ranch construction. It served as both the dairy production area and the first residence on the site. 6. Granary The c. 1913 Granary building was used for grain storage. The building has a unique construction to pre-vent damage from animals. 7. Storage Building The c. 1913 Storage Building was built as part of the early Froom Ranch development and has served as a storage shed for the property. 3.9 - Non-Contributing Structures 1. Outhouse The Outhouse is a Modern parking kiosk structure repurposed as an outhouse for the John Madonna Construction Company staff and has no historic significance. 2. Storage Building The Storage Building is a Modern mobile storage unit moved to the site for use by the John Madonna Construction Company and has no historic significance. 3. Water Tower The Water Tower is a Modern-style Verizon stealth cell tower site and has no historic significance. 3.10 - Recommendations Please note that the order of the Alternatives does not reflect any preference. Alternative #1 Leave all seven Froom Ranch historic structures in place in their current locations. Stabilize and maintain the buildings in their current condition. Stabilization and/or rehabilitation of any historic structures should be done according to the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Rehabilitation. Remove the Outhouse and the Storage Shed, as they have no historic significance. Create a historic interpretive center with historic and photographic documentation of the Froom Ranch complex and place the documentation in the center on the property. In addition, place copies 08027 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Significance Criteria and Evaluations: Froom Ranch Section 106 Historic Report 38 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx of all historic documentation in local historic repositories, including the History Room at the San Luis Obispo County Library and the San Luis Obispo History Center. Alternative #2 Retain the seven Froom Ranch historic structures in their current locations or move them to another location within the property. Stabilize and/or rehabilitate the historic buildings according to the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Rehabilitation. Create an interpretive center in one of the buildings that documents the history of the Froom Ranch. Historic photographs could be obtained from local sources and added to the interpretive center exhibits. Current photographs can be taken of the existing buildings and overall property prior to moving the buildings to a new location within the project area. If moved, the new location could be in a highly visible area that would keep a portion of the historic viewshed intact. Remove the Outhouse and Storage Building, as they have no historic significance. Alternative #3 Remove the “Old” Barn, the Bunkhouse, the Granary, and the Storage Shed with the slanted roof as well as the Outhouse and the Storage Shed. Prior to removal of the other historic-age buildings, prepare a complete history of the property and a historic and photographic documentation of the structures to the HABS/HAER level of documentation. Place this documentation in local repositories and in an interpretive center on the site. Move the Main Residence, the Dairy Barn and the Creamery/House structures to a new location within the Froom Ranch property. Prior to changing their locations, document the properties in their current settings with photographic documentation at the HABS/HAER level of documentation. Repurpose, stabilize and rehabilitate the Main Residence, the Dairy Barn and the Creamery/House structures according to the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines for Rehabilitation of Historic Structures. Repurpose the structures to allow integration into an interpretive exhibit/center at a publicly accessible location within a central location of the Froom Ranch property. Retain a variety of farm equipment located at various points on the property to be included as part of the interpretive exhibits illustrating early farm life and the dairy industry in San Luis Obispo County. Place Froom Ranch historic documentation in local San Luis Obispo historic repositories, including the History Room at the San Luis Obispo County Library and San Luis Obispo History Center. Alternative #4 Move the Main House to the upper level of the property, near the Dairy Barn and the Creamery/House. Leave the Dairy Barn and the Creamery/House in their current locations, if feasible. Stabilize and rehabilitate the structures according to the Secretary of the Interior’s 08028 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report Significance Criteria and Evaluations: Froom Ranch FirstCarbon Solutions 39 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx Standards and Guidelines. Repurpose the structures into new uses and create an interpretive center using the buildings to illustrate the history and setting of the Froom Ranch complex. Remove all remaining buildings, historic and non-historic, from the site. Prior to removal of the remaining historic buildings, document all structures and settings to a HABS/HAER level of documentation. Place all historic documentation in the new interpretive center and other local San Luis Obispo historic repositories. Alternative #5 Remove the Diary Barn and the Main House to a central location of Froom Ranch to form the core of an interpretive center. Reconstruct and/or rehabilitate the Diary Barn and the Main House according to the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards and Guidelines. Place the two historic buildings in a publicly accessible location to facilitate preservation of a portion of the historic viewshed. Remove the remaining buildings on the site, both historic and non-historic, and prior to removal prepare historic and photographic documentation of the site and the buildings according to HABA/HAER standards, including measured line drawings and large format black and white photographs. Create archival-quality historic and photographic documentation of the Froom Ranch complex and place the documentation in other local San Luis Obispo historic repositories. Alternative #6 Remove all buildings, historic and non-historic, from the site. Document all seven historic buildings, the surrounding acreage and the historic dairy equipment with HABS/HAER level photographic documentation, recordation of floor plans and measured line drawings prior to removal of all buildings on the site. Prepare a comprehensive history of the Froom Ranch property to accompany the HABS/HAER documentation. Deposit all materials in the San Luis Obispo County Public Library, Local History Room; the San Luis Obispo History Center; and other appropriate repositories. In addition, donate the historic dairy equipment to the San Luis Obispo History Center or other appropriate agency. 08029 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 08030 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report References FirstCarbon Solutions 41 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx SECTION 4: REFERENCES Angel, Myron. 1979. History of San Luis Obispo County with Illustrations, Oakland, CA: Thompson and West, 1883. Reprinted from Fresno Valley Publishers, CA. Bay News, The. 1993. Numerous articles on Froom Ranch. Bertrando, Betsy. 1998. “Historical Evaluation for the Froom Ranch Building Complex, San Luis Obispo County,” Central Coast Engineering, San Luis Obispo. Ching, Francis. 2002. A Visual Dictionary of Architecture, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.: New York. City of San Luis Obispo, Building Department. 2015. Building Permit Records for 12165 Los Osos Valley Road, January. County of San Luis Obispo, Assessor’s Office. N.D. Property Records for 12165 Los Osos Valley Road, San Luis Obispo. Historic Aerials.com. 2015. “12165 Los Osos Valley Road, San Luis Obispo, CA.” Historic Resources Group. 2013. City of San Luis Obispo Citywide Historic Context Statement. Prepared for City of San Luis Obispo. September 30. History Center of San Luis Obispo. 2015. Froom Ranch. January. Levelle, Brian. Senior Planner, City of San Luis Obispo. Personal communication. January 16, 2015. Madonna, John. Owner, John Madonna Construction Company. Personal communication: interview. January 27, 2015. McAlester, Virginia and Lee McAlester. 2003. A Field Guide to American Homes. Alfred A. Knopf: New York. Morro Group, Inc. 1998. Madonna/Eagle Hardware & Garden, Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Report. Prepared for County of San Luis Obispo. October. Morro Group, Inc. 2003. Draft Costco/Froom Ranch Environmental Impact Report. Prepared for City of San Luis Obispo. March. Nava, Julian and Bob Berger. 1986. California: Five Centuries of Contrast. MacMillan Publishing Company: New York. San Luis Obispo County Public Library, Local History Room. 2015. Froom Ranch Vertical Files. Miscellaneous documents. San Luis Obispo Telegram-Tribune (now The Tribune). 1989. “Bill Froom: A Man Who Never Left,” July 15. 08031 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan References Section 106 Historic Report 42 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx Sullivan, Joan. 1993. Touring the Froom Ranch or the Wild West in La Canada de Los Osos. On file at San Luis Obispo County Public Library, Local History Room. Sullivan, Joan. The Froom Ranch. Videos produced in 1994 and 2007. On file at San Luis Obispo County Public Library, Local History Room. United States Department of the Interior. 1991. National Register Bulletin 15. How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, D.C. 08032 John Madonna Construction - Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Historic Report FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Historic Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Historic Report.docx Appendix A: Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) Forms 08033 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 08034 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # DISTRICT RECORD Trinomial NRHP Status Code: DPR 523D (1/95) *Required information Page 1 of 29 *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder): Froom Ranch Complex D1. Historic Name: Froom Ranch D2. Common Name: Froom Ranch D3. Detailed Description (Discuss overall coherence of the district, its setting, visual characteristics, and minor features. List all elements of district.): The Froom Ranch complex was developed in the late 19th century by John Froom, a Canadian laborer who purchased the dairy farm in the 1890s. Froom, his wife, Harriet Perry Froom, with their seven children all lived on the Ranch. The ranch was developed as one of the early dairies in San Luis Obispo County. The ranch complex currently contains the Main Residence (c. 1915); the “Old” Barn (date unknown; moved to the site in the early 1900s); the Bunkhouse (c. 1915); the Diary Barn (c. 1913); the Creamery/House (date unknown); the Granary (c. 1913); the Shed (c. 1913); the Outhouse (c. 2000); the Storage Building (c. 2010); and the Water Tower (c. 2013). The buildings are clustered in two groupings: the lower level of the ranch property which contains the Main Residence, Bunkhouse, Shed, “Old” Barn, Outhouse and Storage Building; and the upper level which includes the Dairy Barn, the Creamery/House building, the Granary and the Water Tower. The main buildings date to the early development of the diary complex and represent Craftsman and Vernacular styles which have retained their main character defining features. The buildings have retained their original locations and associations on the site. The buildings have maintained their historic integrity of location, association, materials, design, workmanship, feeling, and association. D4. Boundary Description (Describe limits of district and attach map showing boundary and district elements.): The boundaries are the current boundaries of the property, Assessor’s Parcel Number 67-241-419, Lots 60, 67, 68, and 69, Township 31 South, Range 12 East, Sections 3 and 10, located at 12165 Los Osos Valley Road, San Luis Obispo, CA 93402. D5. Boundary Justification: The boundaries are the current boundaries of the historic Froom Ranch complex which has not significantly changed since the 1900s. D6. Significance: Theme: Early 20 Century Agricultural Development Area: San Luis Obispo County Period of Significance: 1890-1977 Applicable Criteria: A, B, C (Discuss district's importance in terms of its historical context as defined by theme, period of significance, and geographic scope. Also address the integrity of the district as a whole.) The Froom Ranch complex is a good example of the early 20th Century Agricultural development in the San Luis Obispo County area. The ranch was developed by John Froom, a native of Canada, who came to the area in the 1870s as a laborer and purchased the existing ranch in the 1890s and began dairy operations. Froom lived in the Creamery/House structure for many years prior to his marriage to Harriet Perry in 1902. The family continued to live in the House portion for several years and many of their seven children were born in the house. In 1913, Jim Aiken, a worker on the ranch, constructed the Dairy Barn, added to the Creamery building, built the Granary and the Horse Barn (no longer in existence) and the Shed for a total of $1800 for materials and labor. The Dairy Barn is a rare example, and the only one in the County, of a barn with a rounded front wall to accommodate the dairy cows. In 1915, Hans Peterson built the Mian Residence on the lower level and the family moved into the Craftsman style structure. Peterson also built the Bunkhouse at the same time for use by family members as a residence. The “Old” Barn was moved to the site from a location southeast of the ranch at an unknown time, early in the ranch’s development. Bill Froom, the middle son, took over the ranching and dairy operations in 1927 when his father became ill and, in 1929, when his father died, Bill Froom inherited the ranch and continued to operate it as one of the dairies in the San Luis Obispo County area until 1977 when he retired. The property was sold to Alex Madonna in a tax lien sale in 1976, and his son, John Madonna uses it as an office and storage space for the Madonna Construction Company. The Outhouse, Storage Building and Water Tower (a Verizon cell tower location) were built by the Madonna Construction Company and have no historic associations. D7. References (Give full citations including the names and addresses of any informants, where possible.): San Luis Obispo County Assessor’s Office; San Luis Obispo County Recorder’s Office; City of San Luis Obispo Planning Department; Brian Leveille, Senior Planner; San Luis Obispo County Public Library, Local History Room files, documents and films; History Center of San Luis Obispo, Bertrando, Betsy, “Historical Evaluation for Froom Ranch Building Complex APN 67- 241-019 San Luis Obispo County, CA (P-40-04-991); Oral Interview with John Madonna, January 2015;. D8. Evaluator: Kathleen A. Crawford Date: January 30, 2015 Affiliation and Address: Crawford Historic Services, P.O. Box 634, La Mesa, CA 91944 08035 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial NRHP Status Code Other Listings Review Code Reviewer Date DPR 523A (1/95) *Required information Page 2 of 29 *Resource Name or #: Froom Ranch Complex P1. Other Identifier: None P2. Location: Not for Publication Unrestricted *a. County: San Luis Obispo and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) b. USGS 7.5' Quad: Mt. Diablo Date: 1975 T 31S; R 12E Sec;3, 10 B.M. M.D. c. Address: 12165 Los Osos Valley Road Zip: 93405 d. UTM: Zone: 10 ; mE/ mN (G.P.S.) e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, etc., as appropriate) Elevation: Assessor’s Parcel No. 67-241-019 P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) The Froom Ranch complex is located at 12165 Los Osos Valley Road, in the County of San Luis Obispo, California. The ranch complex was developed in the late 19th century by John Froom, his wife, Harriet Perry Froom, with their seven children. The ranch was developed as one of the early dairies in San Luis Obispo County. The ranch complex currently contains the Main Residence (c. 1915); the “Old” Barn (date unknown; moved to the site in the early 1900s); the Bunkhouse (c. 1915); the Diary Barn (c. 1913); the Creamery/House (date unknown); the Granary (c. 1913); the Shed (c. 1913); the Outhouse (c. 2000); the Storage Building (c. 2010); and the Water Tower (c. 2013). The buildings are clustered in two groupings: the lower level of the ranch property which contains the Main Residence, Bunkhouse, Shed, “Old” Barn, Outhouse and Storage Building; and the upper level which includes the Dairy Barn, the Creamery/House building, the Granary and the Water Tower. The main buildings date to the early development of the diary complex and represent Craftsman and Vernacular styles and have retained their main character defining features. The buildings have retained their original locations and associations on the site. P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP 33: Farm /Ranch P4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo: (View, date, accession #) West/January 6, 2015, #41 P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources: Historic Prehistoric Both c. 1900-1915 P7. Owner and Address: John Madonna/Madonna Construction Co. 12165 Los Osos Valley Road, San Luis Obispo, CA P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, and address) Kathleen A. Crawford, MA MBA/FCS 1350 Treat Blvd. Ste. 380, Walnut Creek Ca 94597 P9. Date Recorded: Jan. 6, 2015 P10. Survey Type: (Describe) Intensive P11. Report Citation: Phase I Attachments: NONE Location Map Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.) 08036 Exhibit1RecordSearchMap Source: USGS San Luis Obispo (94) and Pismo Beach (94) 7.5' Quadrangles Laguna Land Grant; T31S R12E Secs 3 & 10 RRM DESIGNGROUPFROOMRANCHHISTORICALANDARCHAEOLOGICALEVALUATION I 2,000 0 2,0001,000 Feet Legend Project Boundary 1/2-mile Buffer 08037 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial NRHP Status Code Other Listings Review Code Reviewer Date DPR 523A (1/95) *Required information Page 4 of 29 *Resource Name or #: Froom Ranch Complex P1. Other Identifier: Froom Ranch Main Residence P2. Location: Not for Publication Unrestricted *a. County: San Luis Obispo and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) b. USGS 7.5' Quad: Mt. Diablo Date: 1975 T 31S; R 12E Sec;3, 10 B.M. M.D. c. Address: 12165 Los Osos Valley Road Zip: 93405 d. UTM: Zone: 10 ; mE/ mN (G.P.S.) e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, etc., as appropriate) Elevation: Assessor’s Parcel No. 67-241-019 P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) See Building, Structure, and Object Record for Building Description. P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP 33: Farm /Ranch/HP 2: Single-Family Residence P4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo: (View, date, accession #) West//January 6, 2015/#22 P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources: Historic Prehistoric Both C 1915 P7. Owner and Address: John Madonna/Madonna Construction Co. 12165 Los Osos Valley Road, San Luis Obispo, CA P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, and address) Kathleen A. Crawford, MA MBA/FCS 1350 Treat Blvd. Ste. 380, Walnut Creek Ca 94597 P9. Date Recorded: Jan. 6, 2015 P10. Survey Type: (Describe) Intensive P11. Report Citation: Phase I Attachments: NONE Location Map Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.) 08038 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information Page 5 of 29 *NRHP Status Code Resource Name or # Froom Ranch Main Residence B1. Historic Name: B2. Common Name: Main Residence B3. Original Use: Main Residence B4. Present Use: Living Space B5. Architectural Style: Craftsman B6. Construction History: 1915 The Main Residence was built in 1915 by Hans Peterson.The building was constructed as the Froom family was continuing to grow and needed better living conditions for the young children in the family.The family had lived in the house attached to the Creamery building on the upper slopes of the property to the west.The Main Residence was lived in by members of the Froom family until 1998 when Bill Froom moved in with his brother in San Luis Obispo.When the property was purchased by the Madonna Construction Company,arrangements were made to allow Mr.Froom to reside in the home until he chose to leave.The Main Residence is a one story,asymmetrical,irregular shaped, Craftsman style,single family residence.The building has a redwood sill and concrete foundation,wood horizontal shiplap siding,a partial width front porch,and a hipped roof with shingles and a modest eave overhang.A brick chimney is present on the roof and extends downward into the residence,terminating about three feet from the floor.The building was heated by a wood stove and there was no interior fireplace. B7. Moved? No Yes Unknown Date: Original Location: B8. Related Features: None The east façade is the main elevation for the residence and faces Los Osos Valley Road.The façade contains a partial width front porch, accessed by a short flight of wood stairs.The front gable roof is supported by three round columns two at the entrance area and one on the south end.The main entrance includes a single wood door with a wood screen door.A pair of wood framed.Double hung sash,focal windows are located south of the off center front door.A front gable roof is present over the porch and the triangular space created by the roof design is infilled with fish scale shingles.Windows vary in size,shape and placement around the facades and include wood framed, double hung sash style windows.The north façade is the side of the residence and includes multiple wood framed double hung sash style windows.A bay section projects forward from the main mass of the structure.A dormer section is present on the side of the roof directly above the bay section.A rectangular shaped addition is located on the northwest corner of the building.The addition was constructed in two parts at two different times.The front portion of the addition has wood shiplap siding and was built by Bill Froom to store firewood.The rear portion of the addition has vertical board and batten siding and was built by John Madonna to house electronic equipment.Several single doors are present around the three facades.The rear of the residence contains a screened porch with a screen door and screed window openings.The porch wraps around the house,extending on to the south façade.A single wood and glass door leads into the rear of the house The south façade contains two single wood doors.The back wall of the house contains wood framed windows.The south façade is the side of the house facing the open area.Multiple window openings are present.The building is in good condition and is currently in use as offices for the Madonna Construction Company. Alterations: According to John Madonna,the house has undergone a number of alterations.Both John Madonna and his father,Alex,have made many changes to restore the building.The original foundation was redwood sills.Portions of the north and south redwood sill foundations were completely rotted.The rotted portions were removed and replaced with concrete foundations.The house was then leveled as it had sunk significantly.At some point,the house had been flooded and the floors were all uneven and buckled.The floors were leveled,sanded and repaired.Several interior walls were removed to form larger office spaces.The kitchen sink and stove were removed and the area was converted to general office use. The only heating in the house was provided by a wood stove and the stove produced significant amounts of soot.The walls had been painted over the years and the soot was sealed into the layers of paint.The walls were scraped,the soot and paint removed,and completely repainted.The house was rewired for all new electrical service,plumbing repairs were made,an HVAC system was installed,new ceilings were put in,a new roof was put on the house,and general tenant improvements were conducted. The rear addition was altered by adding an extra section at the rear of the addition.This new section is used by the Madonna Company to store their electronic equipment. B9a. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Hans Peterson B10. Significance: Theme: Early 20 Century Agricultural Development Area: San Luis Obispo County Period of Significance: 1915--1977 Property Type: Dairy Ranch Applicable Criteria: Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.) The Froom Ranch complex is a good example of the early 20th Century Agricultural development in the San Luis Obispo County area.The ranch was developed by John Froom,a native of Canada,who came to the area in the 1870s as a laborer and purchased the existing ranch in the 1890s and began dairy operations.Froom lived in the Creamery/House structure for many years prior to his marriage to Harriet Perry in 1902.The family continued to live in the house portion for several years and many of their seven children were born in the house.In 1913,Jim Aiken,a worker on the ranch,constructed the Dairy Barn,added to the Creamery building,built the Granary and the Horse Barn no longer in 08039 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information existence)and the Shed for a total of 1800 for materials and labor.The Dairy Barn is a rare example,and the only one in the County,of a barn with a rounded front wall to accommodate the dairy cows.In 1915,Hans Peterson built the Main Residence on the lower level and the family moved into the Craftsman style structure.Peterson also built the Bunkhouse at the same time for use by family members as a residence.The Old”Barn was moved to the site from a location southeast of the ranch at an unknown time,early in the ranch’s development. B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) B12. References: San Luis Obispo County Assessor’s Office;San Luis Obispo County Recorder’s Office;City of San Luis Obispo Planning Department;Brian Leveille, Senior Planner;San Luis Obispo County Public Library,Local History Room files,documents and films;History Center of San Luis Obispo, Bertrando,Betsy,Historical Evaluation for Froom Ranch Building Complex APN 67 241 019 San Luis Obispo County,CA P 40 04 991);Oral Interview with John Madonna,January 2015 B13. Remarks: B14. Evaluator: Kathleen A.Crawford,M.A.January 6,2015 08040 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information View Southwest:North Side of Main Residence View Southwest:Rear Addition to Main Residence 08041 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information View East:Overview of Main Residence View North:South Façade of Main Residence 08042 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial NRHP Status Code Other Listings Review Code Reviewer Date DPR 523A (1/95) *Required information Page 9 of 29 *Resource Name or #: Froom Ranch Complex P1. Other Identifier: Bunkhouse P2. Location: Not for Publication Unrestricted *a. County: San Luis Obispo and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) b. USGS 7.5' Quad: Mt. Diablo Date: 1975 T 31S; R 12E Sec;3, 10 B.M. M.D. c. Address: 12165 Los Osos Valley Road Zip: 93405 d. UTM: Zone: 10 ; mE/ mN (G.P.S.) e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, etc., as appropriate) Elevation: Assessor’s Parcel No. 67-241-019 P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) See Building, Structure, and Object Record for Building Description. P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP 33: Farm /Ranch/hHP 2: Single-family Residence P4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo: (View, date, accession #) West/January 6, 2015, #47 P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources: Historic Prehistoric Both c. 1915 P7. Owner and Address: John Madonna/Madonna Construction Co. 12165 Los Osos Valley Road, San Luis Obispo, CA P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, and address) Kathleen A. Crawford, MA RPA MBA/FCS 1350 Treat Blvd. Ste. 380, Walnut Creek Ca 94597 P9. Date Recorded: Jan. 6, 2015 P10. Survey Type: (Describe) Intensive P11. Report Citation: Phase I Attachments: NONE Location Map Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.) 08043 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information Page 10 of 29 *NRHP Status Code Resource Name or # Bunkhouse B1. Historic Name: B2. Common Name: Bunkhouse B3. Original Use: Bunkhouse B4. Present Use: Storage B5. Architectural Style: Craftsman B6. Construction History: 1915 The building was constructed as a bunkhouse for the workers on the Froom property by Hans Peterson in 1915.However,according to John Madonna,the building is one small room which was used by Bill Froom’s brother.The brother lived in the small residence for many years.The small bunkhouse is a one story,Craftsman style building used as a residential structure.The building has a concrete foundation,wood horizontal shiplap siding and a front gable roof with shingles.The building was constructed by Hans Peterson in 1915 when he built the main residence. B7. Moved? No Yes Unknown Date: Original Location: B8. Related Features: None A set of concrete steps leads to the single wood entrance door on the east elevation.The concrete steps have the Froom brand”pressed into the wet concrete.This detail is seen on many of the other buildings as well.A single wood entrance door provides access to the interior.A small metal slider style window is present.The south façade contains a wood framed double hung sash style window.The west façade also contains a wood framed double hung sash style window.The north façade is blank.A large metal sign is propped up against the wall. The building is in good condition with no major exterior alterations noted.Alterations: According to John Madonna,the building has been altered by general tenant maintenance,including painting,a new roof,and a new floor. The building was used for storage of files and rats were a problem;a new floor was installed to solve the problem. B9a. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Hans Peterson B10. Significance: Theme: Early 20 Century Agricultural Development Area: San Luis Obispo County Period of Significance: 1915--1977 Property Type: Dairy Ranch Applicable Criteria: Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.) The Froom Ranch complex is a good example of the early 20th Century Agricultural development in the San Luis Obispo County area.The ranch was developed by John Froom,a native of Canada,who came to the area in the 1870s as a laborer and purchased the existing ranch in the 1890s and began dairy operations.Froom lived in the Creamery/House structure for many years prior to his marriage to Harriet Perry in 1902.The family continued to live in the house portion for several years and many of their seven children were born in the house.In 1913,Jim Aiken,a worker on the ranch,constructed the Dairy Barn,added to the Creamery building,built the Granary and the Horse Barn no longer in existence)and the Shed for a total of 1800 for materials and labor.The Dairy Barn is a rare example,and the only one in the County,of a barn with a rounded front wall to accommodate the dairy cows.In 1915,Hans Peterson built the Main Residence on the lower level and the family moved into the Craftsman style structure.Peterson also built the Bunkhouse at the same time for use by family members as a residence.The Old”Barn was moved to the site from a location southeast of the ranch at an unknown time,early in the ranch’s development. B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) B12. References: San Luis Obispo County Assessor’s Office;San Luis Obispo County Recorder’s Office;City of San Luis Obispo Planning Department;Brian Leveille, Senior Planner;San Luis Obispo County Public Library,Local History Room files,documents and films;History Center of San Luis Obispo, Bertrando,Betsy,Historical Evaluation for Froom Ranch Building Complex APN 67 241 019 San Luis Obispo County,CA P 40 04 991);Oral Interview with John Madonna,January 2015 B13. Remarks: B14. Evaluator: Kathleen A.Crawford,M.A.January 6,2014 08044 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information View North:West and South Facades of Bunkhouse View South:North Façade of Bunkhouse 08045 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information View of Froom Ranch Brand,Located on steps of Bunkhouse 08046 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial NRHP Status Code Other Listings Review Code Reviewer Date DPR 523A (1/95) *Required information Page 13 of 29 *Resource Name or #: Froom Ranch Complex P1. Other Identifier: “Old” Barn P2. Location: Not for Publication Unrestricted *a. County: San Luis Obispo and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) b. USGS 7.5' Quad: Mt. Diablo Date: 1975 T 31S; R 12E Sec;3, 10 B.M. M.D. c. Address: 12165 Los Osos Valley Road Zip: 93405 d. UTM: Zone: 10 ; mE/ mN (G.P.S.) e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, etc., as appropriate) Elevation: Assessor’s Parcel No. 67-241-019 P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) See Building, Structure, and Object Record for Building Description. P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP 33: Farm /Ranch P4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo: (View, date, accession #) West/January 6, 2015, #15 P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources: Historic Prehistoric Both Unknown P7. Owner and Address: John Madonna/Madonna Construction Co. 12165 Los Osos Valley Road, San Luis Obispo, CA P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, and address) Kathleen A. Crawford, MA RPA MBA/FCS 1350 Treat Blvd. Ste. 380, Walnut Creek Ca 94597 P9. Date Recorded: Jan. 6, 2015 P10. Survey Type: (Describe) Intensive P11. Report Citation: Phase I Attachments: NONE Location Map Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.) 08047 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information Page 14 of 29 *NRHP Status Code Resource Name or # Froom Ranch “Old” Barn B1. Historic Name: B2. Common Name: “Old” Barn B3. Original Use: “Old” Barn B4. Present Use: Storage B5. Architectural Style: Vernacular B6. Construction History: Over 25 years old The barn was constructed at an unknown time on another property owned by the Froom family.The property was reportedly southeast of the current ranch complex.The building was moved by placing it on logs and rolling over the land and the creek presumably with the aid of a team of horses)until it was located on its new site.The relocation took place at an unknown time early in the 20th century and the barn has been in its present location since that time.The barn is estimated to be over 125 years old.The Old”Barn is located west of the main residence.The barn structure is a one story,rectangular shaped,Vernacular style barn building.The barn has a concrete floor,vertical wood siding and a front gable roof with corrugated metal roofing. B7. Moved? No Yes Unknown Date: Original Location: Another property owned by the Froom family,located southeast of the current ranch complex B8. Related Features: None The main doors are located on the east façade and include sets of sliding doors.A door for a hay loft is present on the upper portion of the building.The building does not contain any window openings.The north and south facades contain vertical wood siding.No windows are present.The west façade contains vertical wood siding.The rear wall was rotted and the boards were replaced with historic boards salvaged from nearby barns.The building is in good condition. Alterations: John Madonna made a wide range of changes to the barn structure.The barn was in poor condition when he received the property.The barn was leaning more than two feet to the side,the rear wall was rotted,and the barn was twisted.He poured a new concrete floor,the original floor had been dirt.The building had originally been set down on the dirt when it was moved to the site.Mr.Froom had used it to store his pickup truck.The rear wall was replaced due to dry rot and vertical boards from other local farm buildings were used to replace the rotted boards.Considerable expense was undertaken to stabilize the barn and restore it in stable condition. B9a. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Hans Peterson B10. Significance: Theme: Early 20 Century Agricultural Development Area: San Luis Obispo County Period of Significance: 1915--1977 Property Type: Dairy Ranch Applicable Criteria: Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.) The Froom Ranch complex is a good example of the early 20th Century Agricultural development in the San Luis Obispo County area.The ranch was developed by John Froom,a native of Canada,who came to the area in the 1870s as a laborer and purchased the existing ranch in the 1890s and began dairy operations.Froom lived in the Creamery/House structure for many years prior to his marriage to Harriet Perry in 1902.The family continued to live in the house portion for several years and many of their seven children were born in the house.In 1913,Jim Aiken,a worker on the ranch,constructed the Dairy Barn,added to the Creamery building,built the Granary and the Horse Barn no longer in existence)and the Shed for a total of 1800 for materials and labor.The Dairy Barn is a rare example,and the only one in the County,of a barn with a rounded front wall to accommodate the dairy cows.In 1915,Hans Peterson built the Main Residence on the lower level and the family moved into the Craftsman style structure.Peterson also built the Bunkhouse at the same time for use by family members as a residence.The Old”Barn was moved to the site from a location southeast of the ranch at an unknown time,early in the ranch’s development. B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) B12. References: San Luis Obispo County Assessor’s Office;San Luis Obispo County Recorder’s Office;City of San Luis Obispo Planning Department;Brian Leveille, Senior Planner;San Luis Obispo County Public Library,Local History Room files,documents and films;History Center of San Luis Obispo, Bertrando,Betsy,Historical Evaluation for Froom Ranch Building Complex APN 67 241 019 San Luis Obispo County,CA P 40 04 991);Oral Interview with John Madonna,January 2015 B13. Remarks: B14. Evaluator: Kathleen A.Crawford,M.A.January 6,2015 08048 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information View North:South Façade of Old”Barn View Southwest:East and North Facades of Old”Barn 08049 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial NRHP Status Code Other Listings Review Code Reviewer Date DPR 523A (1/95) *Required information Page 16 of 29 *Resource Name or #: Froom Ranch Complex P1. Other Identifier: Shed P2. Location: Not for Publication Unrestricted *a. County: San Luis Obispo and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) b. USGS 7.5' Quad: Mt. Diablo Date: 1975 T 31S; R 12E Sec;3, 10 B.M. M.D. c. Address: 12165 Los Osos Valley Road Zip: 93405 d. UTM: Zone: 10 ; mE/ mN (G.P.S.) e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, etc., as appropriate) Elevation: Assessor’s Parcel No. 67-241-019 P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) See Building, Structure, and Object Record for Building Description. P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP 33: Farm /Ranch P4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo: (View, date, accession #) Southeast/January 6, 2015, #40 P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources: Historic Prehistoric Both c. 1913 P7. Owner and Address: John Madonna/Madonna Construction Co. 12165 Los Osos Valley Road, San Luis Obispo, CA P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, and address) Kathleen A. Crawford, MA MBA/FCS 1350 Treat Blvd. Ste. 380, Walnut Creek Ca 94597 P9. Date Recorded: Jan. 6, 2015 P10. Survey Type: (Describe) Intensive P11. Report Citation: Phase I Attachments: NONE Location Map Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.) 08050 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information Page 17 of 29 *NRHP Status Code Resource Name or # Froom Ranch Shed B1. Historic Name: B2. Common Name: Shed B3. Original Use: Shed B4. Present Use: Storage B5. Architectural Style: Vernacular B6. Construction History: Unknown date of construction The building is located north of the house and was built at an unknown time by an unknown person.At the time of the Bertrando investigation,the shed was full of tin cans.John Madonna stated that Bill Froom had lived through the Great Depression and cultivated habits of thrift.The building was full of cans of dog food which take several trips to remove them all.The building contains a seeder machine which Mr.Madonna has allowed to remain in the structure as it holds up the building.The Shed Building is a one story,irregular shaped, asymmetrical,Vernacular style,storage building.The shed roof has a steep slant.The building has no true foundation,was constructed with vertical wood siding walls,and a steeply slanted shed roof.Entrance doors are on the north wall.An addition has a flat roof and a single entrance door.The building is in extremely poor condition and is barely standing. B7. Moved? No Yes Unknown Date: Original Location: B8. Related Features: None Alterations: No significant changes have been made to the building. B9a. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Hans Peterson B10. Significance: Theme: Early 20 Century Agricultural Development Area: San Luis Obispo County Period of Significance: 1915--1977 Property Type: Dairy Ranch Applicable Criteria: Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.) The Froom Ranch complex is a good example of the early 20th Century Agricultural development in the San Luis Obispo County area.The ranch was developed by John Froom,a native of Canada,who came to the area in the 1870s as a laborer and purchased the existing ranch in the 1890s and began dairy operations.Froom lived in the Creamery/House structure for many years prior to his marriage to Harriet Perry in 1902.The family continued to live in the house portion for several years and many of their seven children were born in the house.In 1913,Jim Aiken,a worker on the ranch,constructed the Dairy Barn,added to the Creamery building,built the Granary and the Horse Barn no longer in existence)and the Shed for a total of 1800 for materials and labor.The Dairy Barn is a rare example,and the only one in the County,of a barn with a rounded front wall to accommodate the dairy cows.In 1915,Hans Peterson built the Main Residence on the lower level and the family moved into the Craftsman style structure.Peterson also built the Bunkhouse at the same time for use by family members as a residence.The Old”Barn was moved to the site from a location southeast of the ranch at an unknown time,early in the ranch’s development. B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) B12. References: San Luis Obispo County Assessor’s Office;San Luis Obispo County Recorder’s Office;City of San Luis Obispo Planning Department;Brian Leveille, Senior Planner;San Luis Obispo County Public Library,Local History Room files,documents and films;History Center of San Luis Obispo, Bertrando,Betsy,Historical Evaluation for Froom Ranch Building Complex APN 67 241 019 San Luis Obispo County,CA P 40 04 991);Oral Interview with John Madonna,January 2015 B13. Remarks: B14. Evaluator: Kathleen A.Crawford,M.A.January 6,2015 08051 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information View North:West and South Facades of Shed View West:South and East Facades of Shed 08052 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial NRHP Status Code Other Listings Review Code Reviewer Date DPR 523A (1/95) *Required information Page 19 of 29 *Resource Name or #: Froom Ranch Complex P1. Other Identifier: Diary Barn P2. Location: Not for Publication Unrestricted *a. County: San Luis Obispo and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) b. USGS 7.5' Quad: Mt. Diablo Date: 1975 T 31S; R 12E Sec;3, 10 B.M. M.D. c. Address: 12165 Los Osos Valley Road Zip: 93405 d. UTM: Zone: 10 ; mE/ mN (G.P.S.) e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, etc., as appropriate) Elevation: Assessor’s Parcel No. 67-241-019 P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) See Building, Structure, and Object Record for Building Description. P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP 33: Farm /Ranch P4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo: (View, date, accession #) West/January 6, 2015, #32 P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources: Historic Prehistoric Both c. 1913 P7. Owner and Address: John Madonna/Madonna Construction Co. 12165 Los Osos Valley Road, San Luis Obispo, CA P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, and address) Kathleen A. Crawford, MA MBA/FCS 1350 Treat Blvd. Ste. 380, Walnut Creek Ca 94597 P9. Date Recorded: Jan. 6, 2015 P10. Survey Type: (Describe) Intensive P11. Report Citation: Phase I Attachments: NONE Location Map Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.) 08053 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information Page 20 of 29 *NRHP Status Code Resource Name or # Froom Ranch Dairy Barn B1. Historic Name: B2. Common Name: Dairy Barn B3. Original Use: Dairy Barn B4. Present Use: Storage B5. Architectural Style: Vernacular B6. Construction History: 1913 The dairy barn was built in 1913 by Jim Aiken who lived in a tent by the creek on the property and built the dairy barn,the granary and the horse barn in 1913 for 1800.00 which included labor and materials.Every day he came up from his tent by the creek and worked on the buildings.The dairy barn was designed to hold ten cows at either end and ten at each side.The barn contained a four inch carrier track designed to bring hay into the barn. Research indicates the barn is the only round barn in San Luis Obispo County.A variety of early dairy farm equipment is still located within the barn structure.The barn was used to milk the cows,start the butter and cheese production,and was used until the dairy operations ceased in 1977. The Dairy Barn is a 60’x 80’,one story,asymmetrical,irregular shaped,Vernacular style barn.The barn has a wood pier and concrete block foundation,vertical wood siding walls,and a gabled roof. B7. Moved? No Yes Unknown Date: Original Location: B8. Related Features: None The east façade contains a door at the south end of the façade that opens to a slanting concrete ramp.The ramp area includes a wide concrete apron located between the Dairy Barn and the Creamery/House structures.The concrete apron had a specific function in that the hard surface allowed the cows to remove mud from their feet prior to entering the barn for milking.The east wall contains a small addition on the north end of the façade.The addition contains a variety of windows which appear to be remnants from other structures.The windows are wood framed in various shapes and sizes.Each of the three walls contains a single door opening.A concrete trough is present on the east wall near the addition.The north façade contains two door openings.The east door opening is a single sliding door.The other door is the main door into the space and includes a wide opening with a sliding door.The west end of the façade slopes steeply down to the ground area. A large metal hook is present at the peak of the gable roof.The west façade contains an open entrance on the south end of the façade.A concrete entrance area leads into the interior space.The shed roof slopes steeply down to the lower level of the wall.The south façade contains a unique feature.The façade is curved and a portion of the curved section has no foundation and hangs out over the slope.The wall has vertical siding and a sloping curved roof.The wall was specifically constructed in this manner to accommodate the movement of the cows within the interior space.Due to their size and breadth,it was easier to move the cows through the space if it was rounded.The building is in fair condition.Corrals are present on the south side of the slope near the barn. Alterations:The barn has been altered by a variety of renovations by both Alex and John Madonna over the years to stabilize the building. New support beams have replaced unstable sections,portions have been propped up and repaired,beams were placed in portions of the roof system to keep the roof in place,vertical wall boards have been replaced and overall general maintenance has taken place to keep the structure standing over the years. B9a. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Hans Peterson B10. Significance: Theme: Early 20 Century Agricultural Development Area: San Luis Obispo County Period of Significance: 1915--1977 Property Type: Dairy Ranch Applicable Criteria: Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.) The Froom Ranch complex is a good example of the early 20th Century Agricultural development in the San Luis Obispo County area.The ranch was developed by John Froom,a native of Canada,who came to the area in the 1870s as a laborer and purchased the existing ranch in the 1890s and began dairy operations.Froom lived in the Creamery/House structure for many years prior to his marriage to Harriet Perry in 1902.The family continued to live in the house portion for several years and many of their seven children were born in the house.In 1913,Jim Aiken,a worker on the ranch,constructed the Dairy Barn,added to the Creamery building,built the Granary and the Horse Barn no longer in existence)and the Shed for a total of 1800 for materials and labor.The Dairy Barn is a rare example,and the only one in the County,of a barn with a rounded front wall to accommodate the dairy cows.In 1915,Hans Peterson built the Main Residence on the lower level and the family moved into the Craftsman style structure.Peterson also built the Bunkhouse at the same time for use by family members as a residence.The Old”Barn was moved to the site from a location southeast of the ranch at an unknown time,early in the ranch’s development. B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) B12. References: San Luis Obispo County Assessor’s Office;San Luis Obispo County Recorder’s Office;City of San Luis Obispo Planning Department;Brian Leveille, Senior Planner;San Luis Obispo County Public Library,Local History Room files,documents and films;History Center of San Luis Obispo, Bertrando,Betsy,Historical Evaluation for Froom Ranch Building Complex APN 67 241 019 San Luis Obispo County,CA P 40 04 991);Oral Interview with John Madonna,January 2015 B13. Remarks: B14. Evaluator: Kathleen A.Crawford,M.A.January 6,2015 08054 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information View North:South Façade of Dairy Barn View Northwest:East Façade of Dairy Bar 08055 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information View South:East Façade of Dairy Barn View West:East Façade of Dairy Barn 08056 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information View Southwest/East and North Facades of Dairy Barn View North:West Façade of Dairy Barn 08057 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial NRHP Status Code Other Listings Review Code Reviewer Date DPR 523A (1/95) *Required information Page 24 of 29 *Resource Name or #: Froom Ranch Complex P1. Other Identifier: Creamery/House P2. Location: Not for Publication Unrestricted *a. County: San Luis Obispo and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) b. USGS 7.5' Quad: Mt. Diablo Date: 1975 T 31S; R 12E Sec; 3, 10 B.M. M.D. c. Address: 12165 Los Osos Valley Road Zip: 93405 d. UTM: Zone: 10 ; mE/ mN (G.P.S.) e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, etc., as appropriate) Elevation: Assessor’s Parcel No. 67-241-019 P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) See Building, Structure, and Object Record for Building Description. P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP 33: Farm /Ranch/HP 2: Single-Family Residence P4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo: (View, date, accession #) West/January 6, 2015, #58 P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources: Historic Prehistoric Both c. 1900-1915 P7. Owner and Address: John Madonna/Madonna Construction Co. 12165 Los Osos Valley Road, San Luis Obispo, CA P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, and address) Kathleen A. Crawford, MA MBA/FCS 1350 Treat Blvd. Ste. 380, Walnut Creek Ca 94597 P9. Date Recorded: Jan. 6, 2015 P10. Survey Type: (Describe) Intensive P11. Report Citation: Phase I Attachments: NONE Location Map Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.) 08058 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information Page 25 of 29 *NRHP Status Code Resource Name or # Froom Ranch Creamery/House B1. Historic Name: B2. Common Name: Creamery/House B3. Original Use: Milk Processing and Residential B4. Present Use: Not in use B5. Architectural Style: Vernacular B6. Construction History: The Creamery/House are two connected structures;the west portion of the building was used as the Creamery and the east portion was the residence.According to Bill Froom,his father lived in the Creamery for a period of time when he first began to operate the dairy.The residence was constructed at an unknown time,possibly after John Froom’s marriage to Harriet and the need for more space.The young family lived in the house portion of the building until 1915 when Hans Peterson built the Main Residence on the lower level.Bill Froom was born in the house and presumably any of the children born before 1915 were also born in the house on the upper level.After the family moved into the new”residence built by Hans Peterson in 1915,the space was possibly used as additional living space for the workers on the ranch.The Creamery/House is a one story,irregular shaped,asymmetrical,Vernacular style building that was built in several stages at unknown times.The building is divided into three sections,each with gabled roofs. B7. Moved? No Yes Unknown Date: Original Location: B8. Related Features: None The south façade contains the two buildings the Creamery and the House.Each of the sections contains a single door opening and a window is present in each of the three sections that comprise the two buildings.The south façade contains a combination of vertical and horizontal wood siding.The building has a wood pier foundation with rock footings and infill of the open areas. The overall structure is composed of two buildings which are separated by approximately one foot of space separating the east wall of the Creamery from the west wall of the House.An addition was constructed on the south wall on the house portion but deteriorated to the point where it was removed.A single wood entrance opening faces the Dairy Barn on the west wall.The interior contains two small rooms.A cellar area is present under the building and the adjoining structure.The roof on this portion of the structure slopes down to a low level and is covered with shingles.The north façade contains vertical and horizontal siding.The entrance to the cellar area is located at the base of the north wall under the Creamery portion of the building.A secondary entrance is located further down the wall.A small,narrow door is present in the area where the two buildings are separated.The door is located on the north wall and there is no corresponding door on the south wall. An open porch was added to the east end of the north wall of the house structure at an unknown time.The east façade serves as the end wall of the residential portion of the structure.A rectangular shaped window opening is present. Alterations: The building has been altered by additions to the structure.At one time,an addition was present on the south wall of the house portion but was in extremely poor condition and was removed by Alex Madonna.The porch on the north wall of the house was added at an unknown time.Alex and John Madonna undertook a series of changes to the building because of its instability.Floors and ceiling areas were replaced with plywood sheeting,vertical siding was replaced,walls and foundations were stabilized,and overall general maintenance was undertaken to keep the building standing over the years. B9a. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Hans Peterson B10. Significance: Theme: Early 20 Century Agricultural Development Area: San Luis Obispo County Period of Significance: 1915--1977 Property Type: Dairy Ranch Applicable Criteria: A and C Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.) The Froom Ranch complex is a good example of the early 20th Century Agricultural development in the San Luis Obispo County area.The ranch was developed by John Froom,a native of Canada,who came to the area in the 1870s as a laborer and purchased the existing ranch in the 1890s and began dairy operations.Froom lived in the Creamery/House structure for many years prior to his marriage to Harriet Perry in 1902. The family continued to live in the house portion for several years and many of their seven children were born in the house.In 1913,Jim Aiken, a worker on the ranch,constructed the Dairy Barn,added to the Creamery building,built the Granary and the Horse Barn no longer in existence)and the Shed for a total of 1800 for materials and labor.The Dairy Barn is a rare example,and the only one in the County,of a barn with a rounded front wall to accommodate the dairy cows.In 1915,Hans Peterson built the Main Residence on the lower level and the family moved into the Craftsman style structure.Peterson also built the Bunkhouse at the same time for use by family members as a residence.The Old”Barn was moved to the site from a location southeast of the ranch at an unknown time,early in the ranch’s development. B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) B12. References: San Luis Obispo County Assessor’s Office;San Luis Obispo County Recorder’s Office;City of San Luis Obispo Planning Department;Brian Leveille,Senior Planner;San Luis Obispo County Public Library,Local History Room files,documents and films;History Center of San Luis Obispo,Bertrando,Betsy,Historical Evaluation for Froom Ranch Building Complex APN 67 241 019 San Luis Obispo County,CA P 40 04 991); Oral Interview with John Madonna,January 2015 B13. Remarks: B14. Evaluator: Kathleen A.Crawford,M.A.January 6,2015 08059 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information View Northwest:East and South Façade of Creamery/house 08060 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial NRHP Status Code Other Listings Review Code Reviewer Date DPR 523A (1/95) *Required information Page 27 of 29 *Resource Name or #: Froom Ranch Complex P1. Other Identifier: Granary P2. Location: Not for Publication Unrestricted *a. County: San Luis Obispo and (P2b and P2c or P2d. Attach a Location Map as necessary.) b. USGS 7.5' Quad: Mt. Diablo Date: 1975 T 31S; R 12E Sec;3, 10 B.M. M.D. c. Address: 12165 Los Osos Valley Road Zip: 93405 d. UTM: Zone: 10 ; mE/ mN (G.P.S.) e. Other Locational Data: (e.g., parcel #, directions to resource, elevation, etc., as appropriate) Elevation: Assessor’s Parcel No. 67-241-019 P3a. Description: (Describe resource and its major elements. Include design, materials, condition, alterations, size, setting, and boundaries) See Building, Structure, and Object Record for Building Description P3b. Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) HP 33: Farm /Ranch P4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other (Isolates, etc.) P5b. Description of Photo: (View, date, accession #) West/January 6, 2015, #46 P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources: Historic Prehistoric Both c. 1913 P7. Owner and Address: John Madonna/Madonna Construction Co. 12165 Los Osos Valley Road, San Luis Obispo, CA P8. Recorded by: (Name, affiliation, and address) Kathleen A. Crawford, MA MBA/FCS 1350 Treat Blvd. Ste. 380, Walnut Creek Ca 94597 P9. Date Recorded: Jan. 6, 2015 P10. Survey Type: (Describe) Intensive P11. Report Citation: Phase I Attachments: NONE Location Map Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, and Object Record Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record P5a. Photo or Drawing (Photo required for buildings, structures, and objects.) 08061 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information Page 28 of 29 *NRHP Status Code Resource Name or # Granary B1. Historic Name: B2. Common Name: Granary B3. Original Use: Granary B4. Present Use: Storage B5. Architectural Style: Vernacular B6. Construction History: 1913 The Granary was built in 1913 by Jim Aiken.The Granary was constructed in a way that eliminated the rat problem.The building was secure and many of the local farmers stored their grain in the building to keep it safe from rats. B7. Moved? No Yes Unknown Date: Original Location: B8. Related Features: None The Granary is located on the hill in close proximity to the Dairy Barn and the Creamery.The Granary is a small,one story,double walled, rectangular shaped,asymmetrical,Vernacular style utilitarian building.The building has a wood pier foundation,vertical tongue and groove wood siding walls and a gabled roof.One window is present on the south façade.A single door is present on the east façade.The interior contains storage areas.Tongue and groove siding was used as this prevented he grain from being eaten by animals.No grain was present during the site visit and the floor was covered in horse harnesses and equipment.The building is in poor condition. B9a. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Jim Aiken B10. Significance: Theme: Early 20 Century Agricultural Development Area: San Luis Obispo County Period of Significance: 1913--1977 Property Type: Dairy Ranch Applicable Criteria: Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.) The Froom Ranch complex is a good example of the early 20th Century Agricultural development in the San Luis Obispo County area.The ranch was developed by John Froom,a native of Canada,who came to the area in the 1870s as a laborer and purchased the existing ranch in the 1890s and began dairy operations.Froom lived in the Creamery/House structure for many years prior to his marriage to Harriet Perry in 1902.The family continued to live in the house portion for several years and many of their seven children were born in the house.In 1913,Jim Aiken,a worker on the ranch,constructed the Dairy Barn,added to the Creamery building,built the Granary and the Horse Barn no longer in existence)and the Shed for a total of 1800 for materials and labor.The Dairy Barn is a rare example,and the only one in the County,of a barn with a rounded front wall to accommodate the dairy cows.In 1915,Hans Peterson built the Main Residence on the lower level and the family moved into the Craftsman style structure.Peterson also built the Bunkhouse at the same time for use by family members as a residence.The Old”Barn was moved to the site from a location southeast of the ranch at an unknown time,early in the ranch’s development. B11. Additional Resource Attributes: (List attributes and codes) B12. References: San Luis Obispo County Assessor’s Office;San Luis Obispo County Recorder’s Office;City of San Luis Obispo Planning Department;Brian Leveille, Senior Planner;San Luis Obispo County Public Library,Local History Room files,documents and films;History Center of San Luis Obispo, Bertrando,Betsy,Historical Evaluation for Froom Ranch Building Complex APN 67 241 019 San Luis Obispo County,CA P 40 04 991);Oral Interview with John Madonna,January 2015 B13. Remarks: B14. Evaluator: Kathleen A.Crawford,M.A.January 6,2015 08062 State of California The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD DPR 523B (1/95) *Required information View Northeast:West and South Facades of the Granary View Southeast:North and West Facades of the Granary 08063 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 08064 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx Appendix B: Prehistoric Project Area Photographs 08065 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 08066 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Page 1 Photograph 1: Overview of the southeastern portion of the project APE; facing southwest from southeastern project boundary Photograph 2: Lower section of southernmost intermittent drainage in southern project area; facing southwest 08067 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Page 2 Photograph 3: View of the southernmost intermittent drainage located in the southwestern project area; facing southwest Photograph 4: Overview of southwestern portion of the project APE, with prehistoric site CA- SLO-1195 shown in the upper right portion of photograph (small green meadow at base of hills adjacent to drainage); facing south 08068 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Page 3 Photograph 5: Overview of southwestern portion of project area, showing prehistoric site CA- SLO-783 on right side of photograph (oak trees along drainage); facing southeast Photograph 6: Typical ground visibility and soils in southwestern project area 08069 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Page 4 Photograph 7: Overview of southwestern portion of project area and Neil Havlik Way (trail); facing northwest Photograph 8: Overview of east-central portion of project area, Froom Creek, and Los Osos Valley Road; facing north-northeast 08070 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Page 5 Photograph 9: Overview of east-central portion of project area on west side of Froom Creek flood zone; facing south-southwest toward southwestern boundary of project area Photograph 10: Overview of northeastern portion of project area on west side of Froom Creek; facing north-northwest toward ranch buildings and shopping centers 08071 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Page 6 Photograph 11: Typical ground visibility and soils along western side of Froom Creek in east- central portion of project area Photograph 12: Overview of northeastern project area on east side of Froom Creek (pasture area), adjacent to catch basins; facing northwest 08072 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Page 7 Photograph 13: View of rodent burrows and exposed soils in the northeastern pasture area Photograph 14: Northeastern corner of the project area at driveway to Froom Ranch building complex at Los Osos Valley Road; facing southeast 08073 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Page 8 Photograph 15: Overview of northern portion of project area; facing southeast from driveway to ranch building complex Photograph 16: View of the Froom Ranch and Dairy building complex located in the northern project area; facing west-southwest 08074 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Page 9 Photograph 17: Overview of northwestern portion of project area along Froom Creek where it extends from the Irish Hills; facing east Photograph 18: Overview of northwestern portion of project area (northwestern project area boundary), located northwest of ranch building complex; facing east-southeast 08075 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Page 10 Photograph 19: Overview of prehistoric bedrock mortar site CA-SLO-783 (rock outcrop to left of large oak tree and out of view in grove of trees) and intermittent drainage located in the southwestern portion of project area; facing east Photograph 20: View of easternmost outcrop with two bedrock mortars (CA-SLO-783); facing east 08076 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Page 11 Photograph 21: View of westernmost outcrop adjacent to drainage containing three bedrock mortars (CA-SLO-783); facing west-southwest Photograph 22: View of outcrop/boulder located to the north containing one bedrock mortar CA-SLO-783); facing north 08077 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Page 12 Photograph 23: View of northernmost outcrop/ boulder containing two bedrock mortars (CA- SLO-783); facing northeast Photograph 24: Overview of CA-SLO-783: bedrock mortar site (photo left), and CA-SLO-1195: Lithic, shell, bone scatter (upper right at bottom of slope along drainage); facing southwest 240 degrees) 08078 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Page 13 Photograph 25: Overview of CA-SLO-1195: Lithic, shell, and bone scatter (pin flags mark the location of artifacts); facing west-northwest from eastern site boundary Photograph 26: Overview of CA-SLO-1195 and CA-SLO-783 (top center); facing east from western site boundary 08079 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Page 14 Photograph 27: Overview of CA-SLO-1195 and intermittent drainage; facing southwest from northwest site boundary Photograph 28: Overview of CA-SLO-1195: Lithic, shell, and bone scatter; facing west from eastern site boundary 08080 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Page 15 Photograph 29: Biface found in site CA-SLO-1195, southwest project area Photograph 30: Concentrated portion of lithic scatter in site CA-SLO-1195, southwest project area 08081 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Page 16 Photograph 31: Isolate Franciscan chert biface (Isolate-Point #10), located southwest of CA- SLO-783 in southwest project area Photograph 32: Isolate Franciscan chert projectile point (Isolate-Point #73), located on top of a knoll northeast of CA-SLO-783 08082 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Page 17 Photograph 33: Isolate Franciscan chert flake (Isolate-Point #86) located adjacent to Froom Creek in the northeastern portion of the project area Photograph 34: Overview of southern section of a small stone revetment/retaining wall by intermittent stream and CA-SLO-783, SW project area; facing north 08083 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Page 18 Photograph 35: Drilled blasting hole (Isolate-Point #11)in southern corner of survey area, facing southwest Photograph 36: Overview of a parallel linear rock feature (Points #12 and 13) located in the southern project area south of Neil Havlik Way; facing west 08084 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Page 19 Photograph 37: Overview of a linear rock feature (Point #70) located in the northwest project area; facing southeast Photograph 38: Overview of a linear rock feature (Point #71) located in the Northwest project 08085 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Page 20 Photograph 39: Overview of a linear rock feature (Point #72) located in the Northwest project area; facing west Photograph 40: Overview of a linear rock feature (Point #88) located on a west-central hillside; facing west 08086 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report Page 21 Photograph 41: Stone fire pit and benches (Point # 81) located in the southwestern corner of the survey area, facing south 08087 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 08088 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx Appendix C: Prehistoric Cultural Resources Correspondence 08089 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 08090 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx C.1 - Information Center Records Response 08091 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 08092 1/5/2015 CHer Peterson FirstCarbon Solutions - Michael Brandman Associates 345 Lucerne Ave. Watsonville, CA 95076 Re: Froom Ranch Development Project Records Search File No.: enter number The Central Coast Information Center received your record search request for the project area referenced above, located on the Pismo Beach, San Luis Obispo USGS 7.5’ quad(s). The following reflects the results of the records search for the project area and a one-half mile radius: As indicated on the data request form, the locations of enter reports/resources/both are provided in the following format: custom GIS maps shapefiles hand-drawn maps Resources within project area: SLO-783, -1195, P-40-040991 Resources within 1/ 2-mile radius: SLO-1365, -1780, -2145, P-40-038206 Reports within project area: E-590, -2723, - 2972, -3708, -4084, - 4663, -4706, - 5332 Reports within 1/2-mile radius: 33 total, see "FroomRanchReportsDetails.pdf" Resource Database Printout (list): enclosed not requested nothing listed Resource Database Printout (details): enclosed not requested nothing listed Resource Digital Database Records: enclosed not requested nothing listed Report Database Printout (list): enclosed not requested nothing listed Report Database Printout (details): enclosed not requested nothing listed Report Digital Database Records: enclosed not requested nothing listed Resource Record Copies: enclosed not requested nothing listed Report Copies: enclosed not requested nothing listed OHP Historic Properties Directory: enclosed not requested nothing listed Archaeological Determinations of Eligibility: enclosed not requested nothing listed California Archaeological Inventory Central Coast Information Center Department of Anthropology SAN LUIS OBISPO AND University of California, Santa Barbara SANTA BARBARA COUNTIES Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3210 805) 893-2474 FAX (805) 893-8707 centralcoastinfo@gmail.com 08093 CA Inventory of Historic Resources (1976): enclosed not requested nothing listed Caltrans Bridge Survey: enclosed not requested nothing listed Ethnographic Information: enclosed not requested nothing listed Historical Literature: enclosed not requested nothing listed Historical Maps: enclosed not requested nothing listed Local Inventories: enclosed not requested nothing listed GLO and/or Rancho Plat Maps: enclosed not requested nothing listed Shipwreck Inventory: enclosed not requested nothing listed Soil Survey Maps: enclosed not requested nothing listed Please forward a copy of any resulting reports from this project to the office as soon as possible. Due to the sensitive nature of archaeological site location data, we ask that you do not include resource location maps and resource location descriptions in your report if the report is for public distribution. If you have any questions regarding the results presented herein, please contact the office at the phone number listed above. The provision of California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS) data via this records search response does not in any way constitute public disclosure of records otherwise exempt from disclosure under the California Public Records Act or any other law, including, but not limited to, records related to archeological site information maintained by or on behalf of, or in the possession of, the State of California, Department of Parks and Recreation, State Historic Preservation Officer, Office of Historic Preservation, or the State Historical Resources Commission. Due to processing delays and other factors, not all of the historical resource reports and resource records that have been submitted to the Office of Historic Preservation are available via this records search. Additional information may be available through the federal, state, and local agencies that produced or paid for historical resource management work in the search area. Additionally, Native American tribes have historical resource information not in the CHRIS Inventory, and you should contact the California Native American Heritage Commission for information on local/regional tribal contacts. Should you require any additional information for the above referenced project, reference the record search number listed above when making inquiries. Requests made after initial invoicing will result in the preparation of a separate invoice. Thank you for using the CHRIS. Sincerely, Brian Barbier Interim Assistant Coordinator 08094 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx C.2 - Native American Heritage Commission Response 08095 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 08096 08097 08098 08099 08100 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx C.3 - Native American Information Request Representative Letter 08101 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 08102 January 22, 2015 Santa Ynez Band of Mission Indians Vincent Armenta, Chairperson P.O Box 517 Santa Ynez, CA 93460 Subject: Proposed Froom Ranch Project, City of San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo County Dear Vincent Armenta: At the request of the John Madonna Construction Company, FirstCarbon Solutions (FCS) is conducting a Cultural Resource Assessment for a proposed project within the City of San Luis Obispo, CA. The proposed project is an approximately 109-acre project that would include a mix of retail, commercial, and residential uses. The proposed project area is depicted on the attached map. The project area was surveyed on January 6 and 7, 2015. During the course of the survey, two previously recorded sites were found. Site SLO-1195 was recorded in 1987 as a small concentration of shell, burnt deer bone and chert flakes located at the edge of sage scrub chaparral vegetation. During the 2015 survey, similar material was found at same location. In addition, site SLO-783 that was also recorded in 1987 and described as “an area of rock outcrops, 4 of which contain from 1 to 3 bedrock mortars for a total of 8” was found during the 2015 survey. Consultation The NAHC response letter indicated that there may be additional information to be gained from individual tribal members and/or tribal organizations. FCS is sending this letter to give you the opportunity to provide any additional knowledge you may have about the project area and to provide you with an opportunity for consultation about the proposed project. Because public involvement is a key ingredient in successful consultation, we are soliciting your input as part of the Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act NHPA) process. Please feel free to contact me at 925.788.9097 or via email at cwills@fcs-intl.com if you have any questions or would like to discuss the project in more detail. Sincerely, Senior Scientist, Archaeology FirstCarbon Solutions 1350 Treat Boulevard, Ste. 380 Walnut Creek, CA 94597 Mobile Phone 925.788.9097 Office 925.357.2562 Enc: Project Location Map 08103 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 08104 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx Appendix D: Personnel Qualifications 08105 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 08106 Page 1 Carrie D. Wills, M.A., RPA Senior Project Archeologist Overview 23 Years Experience Master’s degree, Anthropology – California State University, Hayward Bachelor’s degree, Anthropology – California State University, Hayward Registered Professional Archaeologist #11138 Carrie Wills, RPA, M.A. has worked in the areas of prehistoric and historic archaeology on tasks that included pre-field assessments, archival research, pedestrian field surveys, site evaluation and testing, and data recovery and analysis since 1991. She has extensive experience conducting field research, evaluating sites and features for historic significance and preparing reports that comply with the California Environmental Quality Act, Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act, and the National Environmental Policy Act. Her experience includes evaluating and assessing historic structures and resources for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places and California Register of Historical Resources. In addition, Ms. Wills has conducted numerous consultations with Native American tribal representatives and has good working relationships with numerous governmental agencies. She has provided feasible mitigation that protects significant resources while staying within budgetary constraints. Related Experience Historic American Buildings Survey Documentation – Larkspur 16.8-Acre Project, City of Larkspur, Marin County. Serving as project archaeologist, conducted a field survey, records and map review, and historic building evaluation for more than 20 buildings and structures associated with the circa 1920–1980 Niven Nursery in the City of Larkspur. The existing buildings and greenhouses that retained their historic integrity were evaluated for historic significance, recorded on appropriate Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) forms, and documented to Historic American Building Survey (HABS) standards. Additionally, two prehistoric sites were previously recorded and archaeologically tested within the project area, and although neither of the sites was found during the pedestrian survey, to ensure site protection, construction monitoring was recommended during all ground-disturbing activities in these areas. Section 106 Cultural Resources Assessment – DSRSD Central Dublin Recycled Water Distribution and Retrofit Project, City of Dublin, Alameda County, California. As project archaeologist/manager, conducted a cultural resource investigation that included record search reviews, historic map reviews, and a limited field survey of the proposed Central Dublin Recycled Water Distribution and Retrofit Project Area of Potential Effect APE) that fulfilled the protocols associated with Section 106 of NHPA. The results of the investigation were submitted to archaeological staff at the Bureau of Reclamation and received concurrence with MBA’s findings of effect. Lake Solano Regional Park Visitor’s Center Project, County of Solano. As project archaeologist, Ms. Wills conducted a cultural resource investigation that included record search reviews and a pedestrian field survey. As the project had a federal nexus, the work included a comprehensive report that met the criteria in Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. The lead agency was the Bureau of Reclamation which has specific procedures that must be followed when unanticipated human remains or cultural resources are discovered. In addition to complying with the Bureau of Reclamation procedures, the results of the research 08107 Carrie Wills Page 2 and field survey were submitted to the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) for concurrence with the stated recommendations. KB Home Monte Vista, Historic American Buildings Survey, City of San Jose. Served as project manager for the KB Home Monte Vista Project. Conducted Historic American Buildings Survey Level III documentation for a large multi-structure canning facility, Del Monte Plant #3, in San Jose. Tasks included producing over 200 large-format, black, and white photographs of exterior and interior views of the existing structures. The MBA historic report augments the photographic documentation by placing the structures within the appropriate historic context and addressing both the architectural and historical aspects of the site’s significance. Specifically, the historical report focused on the Plant’s contribution to the growth of the canning industry in San José. The plant was also assessed for historic significance and found to meet the criteria for listing on the National Register of Historic Places as a District along with two other local Del Monte canneries. MBA coordinated with state, federal, and city agencies including, but not limited to, City of San Jose Department of Planning and the National Park Service HABS/Historic American Engineering Record coordinator. Section 106 Cultural Resources Assessment/HABS Documentation – St. Regis Napa Valley Project, City of Napa, Napa County. Served as the lead technical consultant for a historical and architectural analysis of a historic structure in the County of Napa. Also served as the project archaeologist. Following the evaluation of the historic significance of the building and recording it to HABS standards, the results were sent to SHPO and received concurrence with MBA’s findings of no effect to historic resources. Section 106 Evaluation – Dixon Veterans Memorial Hall Project and the Benicia Veterans Memorial Hall Project, County of Solano. Served as the lead technical consultant for a historical and architectural analysis of two historic structures in the County of Solano. After evaluating and recording the buildings to Section 106 standards, the results were sent to SHPO and received concurrence with MBA’s findings of no effect to historic resources. Section 106 Evaluation – Solano County Free Library Center Project, County of Solano. Served as the lead technical consultant for a historical and architectural analysis of an historic structure in the County of Solano. Also served as the senior project archaeologist. After evaluating and recording the building to Section 106 standards, the results were sent to SHPO and received concurrence with MBA’s findings of no effect to historic resources. Section 106 Evaluation – Suisun Veterans Memorial Building Project, Suisun City. Served as the lead technical consultant for a historical and architectural analysis of an older structure in the City of Suisun City. After evaluating and recording the building to Section 106 standards, the results were sent to SHPO and received concurrence with MBA’s findings of no effect to historic resources. Cultural Resources Assessment – Zone 3A, Line D Capacity Improvements Project and Zone 5, Line A West Levee Improvements Projects, County of Alameda. Served as project manager and senior archaeologist, conducting a cultural resource assessment for the Zone 3A Line D Capacity Improvements Project, Hayward, and the Zone 5 Line A West Levee Improvements Project, Union City. The assessment consisted of record searches, review of historic literature, and more than 20 historic aerials to provide an understanding of development within the project areas and a historical context for the projects. Off-road Vehicle Park, City of Bakersfield. As senior project archaeologist, conducted an intensive field survey of 2,500 acres outside the City of Bakersfield. The project area included rolling hills, large flat valleys, and steep ravines. The survey resulted in discovery of over 150 prehistoric resources including bedrock mortars, grinding slicks, and rock art. The resources were recorded and evaluated for eligibility for listing on the National Register of Historic Places and the California Register of Historical Resources. Following the evaluation, a comprehensive report detailing the findings was produced. Bel Lago Project, City of Moreno Valley. As senior project archaeologist, conducted a site specific field assessment of the Kerr Ranch and recorded 23 extant buildings and structures on Department of Parks and 08108 Carrie Wills Page 3 Recreation forms; both Primary and Building, Structure and Object forms. Detailed descriptions and measurements were taken as part of the assessment process and each building and structure was evaluated individually for listing to the California Register of Historical Places or local registers or landmarks. Westlake Shopping Center, City of Daly City. As senior project archaeologist for this major refurbishing effort for a shopping center located in Daly City, assessed the shopping center for historic significance under CEQA Section 150.64 by reviewing historic maps, photos, and record and archival search results obtained from the Northwest Information Center and the Daly City Planning Department. Scope included conducting a visual appraisal of the existing buildings, structures, and signage. San Demas Project, City of Sacramento. As senior project archaeologist, conducted a record search and field investigation for a built environment covering one city block in downtown Sacramento. As this was a built environment, there was no native ground surface to be surveyed; the investigation consisted of comprehensive research to determine the possibility of historic structures. Cabrillo Corners Commercial Project, City of Half Moon Bay. As cultural resources specialist, conducted a record search at the Northwest Information Center and a pedestrian field survey of the proposed project area that borders Pilarcitos Creek in Half Moon Bay to determine the presence or absence of cultural resources prior to project development. Gustine Municipal Airport Project, County of Merced. As senior project archaeologist, conducted a record search and pedestrian field survey of a 45-acre parcel located in Merced County to determine the presence or absence of cultural resources prior to improvements to the Airport. Scheiber/White Projects, County of El Dorado. As senior project archaeologist, conducted record searches and field investigations for a 226-acre parcel and a 286-acre parcel of undeveloped land and completed Phase I Reports detailing the record search and field survey results. Protzel Project, County of El Dorado. As senior project archaeologist, conducted a record search and field investigation for a 35-acre parcel of land. The field survey resulted in discovery of a site that contained both prehistoric and historic components located adjacent to one another. Miller Ranch Property, City of Lincoln. As senior project archaeologist for this 130-acre residential development, reviewed record search results from the North Central Information Center, Sacramento and conducted a pedestrian field survey. A negative survey report was prepared detailing the record search and survey results to meet CEQA requirements. Fahren’s Creek Development Project, County of Merced. As senior project archaeologist, conducted a record search and field investigation on a parcel of undeveloped land, a portion of which was immediately adjacent to Fahren’s Creek. A negative survey report was prepared detailing the record search and survey results to meet CEQA requirements. McBride R.V. and Self Storage Project, City of Chino. As senior project archaeologist, conducted a record search and pedestrian field survey of a 21.15-acre parcel of land to determine the presence or absence of cultural resources prior to project development. Prepared a negative survey report detailing the record search and survey results to meet CEQA requirements. Brehm Communities, City of Chino. As senior project archaeologist for this 35-acre residential development, conducted a record search at the San Bernardino Archaeological Information Center and a modified field survey. Performed a visual assessment from various vantage points rather than a typical pedestrian survey and prepared a negative survey report detailing the record search and survey results to meet CEQA requirements. Albers Barnes & Kohler LLP’s Palm Ranch Dairy Project, County of Kern. As senior project archaeologist, was responsible for CEQA compliance issues related to cultural resources on a 120-acre parcel. Conducted a 08109 Carrie Wills Page 4 Phase I survey to determine the presence or absence of cultural resources within the project area, resulting in the discovery of artifactual material on the ground surface. Conducted a Phase II testing program to determine the presence or absence of subsurface cultural resources, resulting in inconclusive findings. Provided mitigation measures to protect any previously undiscovered resources during project excavation activities. Albers Barnes & Kohler LLP’s Bonanza Farm Dairy Project, County of Kern. As cultural resources specialist, conducted a record search and pedestrian field survey of two 200-acre parcels to determine the presence or absence of cultural resources prior to project development. Prepared a negative survey report detailing the record search and survey results to meet CEQA requirements. Montezuma Wetlands Project, County of Solano. Served as project manager for Solano County’s Montezuma Wetlands Project. Provided technical direction of a 4,700-acre archeological survey in Solano County, resulting in recording and subsurface testing of 12 sites. Co-authored the technical report that included extensive impacts and mitigation measures. Arizona Pipeline Reconditioning Project, Phoenix and Tucson, Arizona. Project manager for a 45 mile pipeline replacement project located along an existing pipeline route in southern Arizona. Project tasks included archival and record searches, pedestrian field survey, and a comprehensive report detailing the findings. Various types of historic resources were recorded during the course of the field survey and recommendations were provided as part of a larger environmental studies report produced for the project. Costco’s Warehouse Project, City of San Francisco. Served as project manager for Costco’s Warehouse Project. Surveyed, excavated, and monitored the proposed site, located in downtown San Francisco, for a new Costco store. Supervised lab procedures and analysis of over 1,400 artifacts. Mills Associates’ Tassajara Valley Project, County of Solano. As project manager, provided technical direction of a 2,500-acre archeological survey that resulted in recording and subsurface testing of 14 historic and one prehistoric archeological site. Analyzed artifacts and prepared technical reports. Future Urban Areas, Mundie and Associates, County of Contra Costa. As field director, conducted a 4,500- acre archeological survey that resulted in recording of 11 historic archeological sites, including the previously unrecorded historic town sites of West Hartley, Empire, and Star Mine associated with the Mount Diablo coalfield developments of 1850-1885. Recorded features including foundations, privies, cisterns, basements, and dumps. Hundreds of surface artifacts were examined. Also directed artifact analysis and prepared technical reports. Military Projects Cultural Resources Overview Project, Concord Naval Weapons Station. Served as project manager for the Cultural Resource Overview Project at Concord Naval Weapons Station. Tasks included review of archival records and record search results for previously recorded sites within the Station. In addition, more than 500 World War II buildings and structures were evaluated for National Register of Historical Places eligibility and documented on appropriate Department of Parks and Recreation forms. An archaeological site prediction model was developed to determine the likelihood of the presence of cultural resources within specific areas of the Station. An extensive context document was prepared to facilitate a comprehensive understanding of the Naval Weapons Station in terms of its historic presence within Contra Costa County and the City of Concord. Following assessment of the Station and its historic components, a Cultural Resource Overview Report for the 13,000-acre facility was developed. NAVFAC Centerville Beach and Point Sur Projects, Counties of Humboldt and Monterey. Served as project archaeologist with responsibilities including a review of archival and site records prior to pedestrian field surveys at each of the locations. Following the surveys, documentation on Department of Parks and Recreation forms was prepared for each of the World War II buildings/structures located within the Station boundaries. Subsequent efforts included development and submittal of a historic context report and structural 08110 Carrie Wills Page 5 assessments of the buildings to determine National Register of Historic Places eligibility status. Prepared a preliminary Historic and Archeological Resource Protection Plan evaluating known archeological site locations and preparing maps depicting areas of archaeological sensitivity. Civil Engineering Laboratory Archaeological and Historic Resources Assessment Project, Port Hueneme. Served as project archaeologist for the CBC Port Hueneme Naval Civil Engineering Laboratory, Archaeological, and Historic Resources Assessment Project. The cultural resource evaluation included review of archival records and historic Port Hueneme documents at the base, review of previously recorded sites records from the South Central Coastal Information Center, CSU, Fullerton, and research at Ventura Historical Society. Architectural documentation was prepared for nine World War II buildings on appropriate Department of Parks and Recreation forms and a single prehistoric site located within the base was assessed. A historic context report was developed and each of the buildings/structures was individually evaluated for National Register of Historic Places eligibility. Following assessment and documentation, an EIR/EIS technical report including a detailed historic setting, an overview of each of the types of buildings within the project area, an impacts assessment section, and appropriate mitigation for the impacts was prepared. Navy Construction Battalion Center Historic and Archaeological Resources Protection Plan Project, Port Hueneme. Served as project manager/archaeologist for the Port Hueneme Navy Construction Battalion Center Overview; Historic and Archaeological Resources Protection Plan Project. The project tasks included archival research of Battalion Center documents a record search review at the South Central Coastal Information Center, CSU, Fullerton, and a pedestrian field survey. Subsequent to the archival research, architectural documentation of 130 World War II buildings/structures was completed on appropriate Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) forms. The forms typically included DPR Primary forms for each building or structure although in some instances, e.g., for large non-descript warehouse structures, a representative building was documented and identical buildings were listed on the form as having identical attributes. In addition to the Primary forms, a Building, Structure, Object (BSO) form providing additional descriptive and evaluative information was completed when appropriate. Following the archival research for previously recorded cultural resource sites and the field survey, an archaeological site prediction model was developed for the Battalion Center. Following documentation, a historic context for the Battalion Center was prepared. In addition, each building was assessed for National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) eligibility and a Historic and Archaeological Resources Protection (HARP) Plan was prepared. H Street Extension Project, Lockheed Missiles, and Space Company Property. The project consisted of an extension of H Street within the western portion of the Lockheed Missiles and Space Company facilities. Archaeological efforts were part of mitigation for construction within a National Register listed prehistoric shell mound. As project archaeologist, the work included pre-construction site testing using various means including shovel and backhoe investigations, surface collection for the entire project area, and a Phase III data recovery program in coordination with the Most Likely Descendant (MLD). Disposition of human remains found within the site was decided upon an agreement with the MLD. A construction-monitoring program was conducted during initial grading activities at the site to ensure protection of previously unknown cultural resources and/or additional human remains. Naval Fuel Depot Point Molate Historic Resources Assessment Project, City of Rohnert Park. As project manager, conducted an archival records review at various repositories as well as a record search at the Northwest Information Center in Rohnert Park for previously recorded cultural resource sites. Conducted a field survey and general site reconnaissance of the project area. Subsequent to the archival research and survey, documentation of ten World War II buildings/structures were completed on appropriate Department of Parks and Recreation forms. The buildings and structures were evaluated for eligibility for listing on the National Register of Historic Places. In addition, one prehistoric archaeological site was assessed within the project area. A preliminary Historic and Archeological Resource Protection Plan was prepared evaluating known archeological site locations with maps depicting areas of archaeological sensitivity. A historic context 08111 Carrie Wills Page 6 was prepared for the project area and a technical report detailing all of the research, field survey, building, and structure evaluations, and the assessment of the prehistoric site was provided to the client. Energy, Utilities & Pipelines Santa Cruz Water District’s Pipeline Project, County of Santa Cruz. Served as resource team leader for this project that proposed modifications to the current operation and maintenance of an existing pipeline through implementation of the Santa Cruz North Coast Pipeline Rehabilitation Project. Reviewed compliance issues related to cultural resources found along four major waterways in Santa Cruz County and prepared a CEQA Initial Study to determine environmental impact associated with project implementation. Also provided necessary details to aid in the decision-making process for the project’s next phase. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Relicensing Project, County of Kern. As resource team leader, reviewed cultural resources to meet the requirements of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act in preparation of a new FERC license application. Directed the Section 106 review and prepared the preliminary draft of the license application, evaluated project impacts, and authored the Historic Properties Management Plan and a Programmatic Agreement. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Relicensing Project, Kilarc-Cow Creek. As resource team leader, provided NHPA Section 106 compliance review in preparation of a new FERC license application. Following the survey effort, prepared the preliminary draft of the license application, evaluated the project impacts, prepared a comprehensive report, and finalized the Historic Properties Management Plan and a Programmatic Agreement. Calypso Project Environmental Impact Statement, Fort Lauderdale, Florida. Served as resource team leader for Tractebel North America, Inc.’s Calypso Project Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for a new natural gas pipeline extending from the Exclusive Economic Zone in the Atlantic Ocean to Port Everglades. Conducted the NHPA Section 106 review of both offshore and onshore cultural resources and prepared the preliminary drafts of the third-party EIS for the jurisdictional portion of the pipeline. Rock Creek Hydroelectric Project, Oregon. Served as project archaeologist for Oregon Trail Electric Consumer Cooperative’s Rock Creek Hydroelectric Project. Conducted a reconnaissance survey and evaluation of archaeological and historic resources to meet the requirements of NHPA Section 106. Patriot Natural Gas Pipeline Project, Tennessee, Virginia, and North Carolina. Served as resource team leader for a project consisting of the Mainline Expansion and Patriot Extension three states. The Mainline Expansion involved improvement along East Tennessee Natural Gas Company’s existing pipeline in Tennessee and Virginia, including approximately 187 miles of new pipeline, replacement of old pipeline, additional compression at existing facilities, and five new compressor stations. The Patriot Extension involves approximately 100 miles of new pipeline in Virginia and North Carolina, including three new meter stations. Provided third-party review of cultural resources reports and prepared third-party EIS. Northwest Transmission Line Project, Oregon and Washington. Served as project archaeologist for Wallula Generation, LLC’s Northwest Transmission Line Project. Conducted a 28-mile reconnaissance survey in Oregon and Washington along the Columbia River, evaluated and recorded archaeological sites, and completed appropriate forms for submittal to Washington El Paso Energy’s and Broadwing Communications’ Fiber Optic Line, Texas and California. Served as resource team leader for a proposed fiber-optic transmission line reaching from El Paso, Texas, to Los Angeles, California. Prepared a Proponent’s Environmental Assessment demonstrating CEQA compliance that was submitted with an application to the California Public Utilities Commission. Fiber Optic Project, Cities of San Jose, San Francisco, and Los Angeles. Served as project manager for a Level Three Communications Fiber Optic Project. Conducted cultural resources studies and supervised construction monitoring to address CPUC mitigation measures during the “city build" portions of the project in 08112 Carrie Wills Page 7 San Jose, San Francisco, and the Los Angeles Basin. Prepared workbooks for each construction spread in each city to address potential cultural resources impacts and necessary mitigation required to preclude significant impacts. Fiber Network Project, Northern and Southern California. Served as project manager for 360 Networks’ Fiber Network Project. Responsible for all aspects of project management for this linear project spanning the length of California, including coordination, budget, consultation, and compliance issues. Santa Fe Pacific Pipeline, State of California. As field supervisor for Santa Fe Pacific Pipeline’s Concord-to- Colton Project, performed records search and intensive archaeological survey of a corridor stretching from Fresno, through Bakersfield and Mojave, to San Bernardino. Recorded and evaluated for eligibility for listing on National Register of Historic Places more than 150 historic properties. CPUC Alturas Transmission Line Project, California and Nevada. As archaeological monitor, documented compliance with mandated mitigation measures during the construction of this high-voltage power line reaching from Alturas, California, to Reno, Nevada. Mine Reclamation Plans and Environmental Analysis Abandoned Mine Inventory Project, Washington Bureau of Land Management. As project manager, managed a five-person survey crew who conducted an intensive archaeological survey of 1,700 acres of difficult terrain and conditions in the City of Spokane. Recorded over 100 mining features and archaeological properties on appropriate State of Washington forms and prepared Determination of Eligibility forms for submittal to Washington’s State Historic Preservation Officer. Black Diamond Mine Project, Merced County. As project archaeologist, conducted record search and pedestrian field survey for approximately 29 acres of a 136 acre parcel of land in Merced County. During the field survey, a cemetery with headstones dating back to the mid-1800s was discovered. Although the cemetery had a fence completely around it, it is often the case with cemeteries of this age that burials are located outside the defined cemetery area. Thus, archival research was conducted to determine the actual age and the size of the cemetery as it grew over the years. Recommendations for procedures to be followed if the proposed project moved forward were presented to the County of Merced in the form of an Initial Study report. KRC Aggregates Quarry Expansion Project, San Joaquin County. As project archaeologist, conducted record searches and a pedestrian field survey for approximately 340 acres that would be utilized for aggregate resource extraction. Approved mine land reclamation in accordance with the California Surface Mining and Reclamation Act would begin immediately following the completion of aggregate extraction. The field survey resulted in recordation of 4 historic resources and the preparation of a comprehensive report meeting the requirements of Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act and the California Environmental Quality Act. Valley Rock Quarry Project, San Joaquin County. As project archaeologist, conducted record searches and a pedestrian field survey of approximately 315 acres in San Joaquin County. Although no resources were recorded for this project, a small prehistoric site had been previously recorded near the project’s southern border. As the boundaries for this prehistoric site were rather vague, the field survey transects were narrowed to 3 meters in the southern boundary area to determine the presence or absence of the site within the project area. No evidence of the prehistoric site was found. The findings of the record searches, the field survey, and the search for the prehistoric site were detailed in an Initial Study report and presented to San Joaquin County. Environmental Impact Reports for General Plan Updates General Plan Update, County of Monterey. As senior project archaeologist, assisted in updating the General Plan with new policies including archaeological, historical, and paleontological resources. Tasks included a review of existing policies and suggestions for alternatives and updates relevant to current trends. Worked 08113 Carrie Wills Page 8 closely with Monterey County staff, agency personnel, and sub-consultants to ensure a high quality, timely Plan Update. Trails Specific Plan Project, City of Livermore. As senior project archaeologist, conducted archival and record searches, including review of the 2000 North Livermore Specific Plan Draft Environmental Impact Report and the 2003 City of Livermore General Plan Update Master Environmental Assessment that specifically focuses on cultural resources within the proposed project area. Conducted a 235-acre pedestrian survey to determine the significance of previously recorded cultural resources and the presence or absence of previously unknown cultural resources, resulting in the recording of five historic resources using California Department of Parks and Recreation forms with context analysis and detailed maps. Prepared a comprehensive report including a detailed setting section with impacts and mitigation measures to ensure protection of significant cultural resources. Educational Facility Environmental Analysis Delta View and Kit Carson Schools Project, Kings County Office of Education. As senior project archaeologist, conducted archaeological and historical resource assessment at two proposed telecommunication tower sites located at two school sites. Conducted a record search at the Southern San Joaquin Valley Information Center and pedestrian surveys at both schools to determine the presence or absence of cultural resources. Determined negative survey results, and prepared a report detailing the record search and survey results that was presented to the Kings County Office of Education. High Desert Power Plant Project, County of San Bernardino. As project manager, conducted an approximately 2,000-acre field inventory of block and linear project areas located near the City of Victorville. Recorded and evaluated more than 30 historic and prehistoric sites. Maya Caves Project, Punta Gorda, Belize, Central America. As excavation team member, worked two field seasons examining prehistoric cave deposits. Conducted surveys and excavations, analyzed and cataloged artifacts, and prepared technical report sections. Professional Affiliations Society for Historical Archaeology Society for California Archaeology Register of Professional Archaeologists #11138 08114 www.FirstCarbonSolutions.com CORPORATE RESUME Cher Peterson, B.A, Archaeological Monitor OVERVIEW 12 Years Experience Bachelor’s Degree, Anthropology, University of California, Santa Cruz A.S, Archaeological Technician, Cabrillo College Archaeological Technician Certification, Cabrillo College (Graduated with High Honors) Cher Peterson has been trained in all aspects of archaeological field and laboratory work, and has participated in major archaeological excavations. Archaeological monitoring has involved construction projects that utilize heavy earth moving and mechanical equipment. She follows monitoring with laboratory curation of recovered materials and monitoring reports. She has extensive experience in the chronological analysis of temporally diagnostic historic materials. Ms. Peterson has been responsible for the preparation of collections for shipping and/or long-term curation. Reporting includes both letter reports and formal archaeological monitoring reports, in addition to compilation of detailed research and field notes and photography. Ms. Peterson has worked on projects throughout California, particularly on the Central Coast and in the San Francisco Bay Area. She has undertaken a variety of roles including construction monitor, field laboratory director, surveyor, and excavator. Ms. Peterson has participated in projects conducted under the guidelines and regulations of the National Environmental Act, the National Historic Preservation Act, the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, and the California Environmental Quality Act. RELATED EXPERIENCE Branciforte Creek Residential Development Project, Santa Cruz County, Ms. Peterson conducted both data recovery activities and monitoring during subsurface construction for a 9 acre residential development. The project area is located within an archaeologically sensitive area in the City of Santa Cruz, California, and contains both prehistoric and historic components. Ms. Peterson served as a full-time monitor during the project. Camp Roberts Water Improvement Project, San Luis Obispo County, Ms. Peterson conducted monitoring during subsurface construction activities for installation of a well and water main. The project area is located within an archaeologically sensitive area on the U.S. Army Reserves Training Base at Camp Roberts in San Luis Obispo County. The project falls under the guidelines and regulations of the National Environmental Act, National Historic Preservation Act. Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, Ms. Peterson conducted monitoring during construction projects located on the Santa Clara University campus. Archaeological sites encountered during the various construction projects included prehistoric sites, architectural remains related to Mission Santa Clara de Asis ca. 1769 - 1821), and early American period deposits. Duties included Phase I testing of building sites and Phase II data recovery. Post data recovery activities included monitoring of ground-disturbing activities associated with the installation of subsurface utilities and other subsurface construction. Ms. Peterson was also responsible for the laboratory analysis of collected artifacts, in addition to completion of final 08115 www.FirstCarbonSolutions.com CORPORATE RESUME Cher Peterson, B.A, Archaeological Monitor archaeological monitoring reports. Laboratory analysis of collected artifacts includes washing and initial sorting of materials, and identification and cataloging of specimens into a Microsoft Access database. Ms. Peterson was also responsible for conducting record searches through the Northwest Information Center located at Sonoma State University. Nacimiento Water Project, County of San Luis Obispo, California, Ms. Peterson participated in Extended Phase I excavations for the 45-mile long water line project. The project is located in areas considered highly sensitive for prehistoric and historic-era archaeological resources. Ms. Peterson was an excavation crewmember for the project, and was responsible for laboratory analysis of historic cultural materials recovered during the project and completion of the historic component of the various archaeological sites encountered during the project. PG & E: The Alameda Gas Line Replacement Project, Santa Clara, California, Ms. Peterson provided monitoring and data recovery services during a P G & E gas line replacement project in the City of Santa Clara, CA. The project was located in an archaeologically sensitive area with a high probability of prehistoric, Spanish Mission, and early American period archaeological deposits and human interments. Ms. Peterson served as a full-time monitor during the project. Bay Street Reservoir System Transmission Improvement Project, Santa Cruz, California, The project entailed observation of all ground-disturbing activities in areas determined to be sensitive for archaeological deposits, in addition to test excavations and data recovery. The project entailed subsurface construction during a major infrastructure improvement to the City of Santa Cruz water system. Ms. Peterson served as a monitor and as a crewmember during data recovery efforts. Ms. Peterson also conducted laboratory analysis of collected historic artifacts, and contributed to the historic artifact analysis section of the subsequent report. McCloud-Pit FERC Relicensing project for PG&E Archaeologist, Ms. Peterson was a member of a crew responsible for surveying, recording, and assessing prehistoric and historic sites along the McCloud and Iron Canyon Reservoirs, and the McCloud River. Fort Hunter Liggett Military Installation, California, Ms. Peterson participated in the survey of large parcels on the U.S. Army military base. Ms. Peterson was a member of the survey crews, and contributed to the recording and assessment of prehistoric and historic sites. 08116 www.FirstCarbonSolutions.com CORPORATE RESUME | Dr. Dana Douglas DePietro EDUCATION University of California at Berkeley Ph.D.,Near Eastern Art and Archaeology May,2012 M.A.,Near Eastern Art and Archaeology December,2005 University of California at San Diego B.A.,Anthropology,Archaeology and History of the Near East June,2002 PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE University of California at Berkeley Lecturer,Graduate Student Instructor Aug.2003 Present Duties included:Duties included:University level course preparation and lectures in the history of the modern and ancient Middle East,student advising and evaluation,university administrative duties,providing resources and opportunities that empower people to critically engage with other cultures as well as with their own communities. The Society for Humanitarian Archaeological Research and Exploration Founder,Executive Director July 2010 Present Duties include:management of staff and daily operation of a not for profit organization.Establishing relationships with and between Israeli and Palestinian partner institutions.Writing grant proposals and soliciting on behalf of the organization.Maintaining bank accounts,financial records and online presence www.archshare.org). Penn State University Tel Akko Total Archaeology Project Director of Community Engagement Summers,2013 2014 Duties included:Development and execution of community engagement program.Supervision of staff and community participants.Teaching excavation and conservation techniques to groups of young people in Akko.Outreach, dialogue and program development in partnership with community leaders. Harvard University Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon,Israel Excavation Supervisor Summers,2007 2013 Duties included:Excavation supervision,stratagraphic interpretation, student instruction in excavation techniques,data collection,photography,analysis and publication. Journal of Associated Graduates in Near Eastern Studies JAGNES) Associate Editor Aug.2003 May 2012 Duties include:Soliciting and proofreading submissions,fundraising,and advertisement. 08117 www.FirstCarbonSolutions.com CORPORATE RESUME | Dr. Dana Douglas DePietro Early Iron Age Cemetery Excavation Dhamar,Yemen Area Supervisor Summer,2004 Duties included:Excavation supervision,stratagraphic interpretation, instruction in excavation techniques,strategy and implementation,field conservation,surveying techniques,data collection and analysis,site management. Travel Today:Egypt”Magazine Archaeological Correspondent Dec.2002 Feb.2005 Duties include:Formulating and writing magazine articles,conducting relevant interviews and research,and procuring photos and images to compliment articles. FELLOWSHIPS AND AWARDS Katherine Davis Foundation Projects for Peace Prize 2012 International House Gateway Fellowship 2011 2012 The George Franklin Dales Foundation Fellowship for Archaeological Research 2011 CAORC Multi Country Dissertation Research Fellowship 2010 Albright Institute ECA Fellowship for Dissertation Research in Jerusalem 2009 U.C.Berkeley Dean’s Normative Time Fellowship 2009 U.C.Berkeley Department of Near Eastern Studies Block Grant Award 2006 2011 U.C.Berkeley Graduate Division Summer Research Grant 2006 Tel Dor Scholarship for Summer Excavations in Israel 2005 2006 USA Funds Access to Education Scholarship 2005 2007 U.C.Berkeley Archaeological Research Facility Stahl Research Grant 2004 American University in Cairo Simpson Scholarship for Studies in Egyptology 2001 California Scholastic Federation Life Membership Award 1998 08118 Kathleen Crawford, M.A. - Architectural Historian Overview Kathleen has over 28 years of experience in the preparation of a wide range of historical and architectural projects. She meets the Secretary of the Interior Standards for Architectural History and History (36 CFR Part 61). She also meets the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) standards as an Architectural Historian. She has extensive experience with 19th- and 20th-century architecture in California and has prepared over 12,000 historic and architectural assessments of structures in California for a variety of historical projects conducted for various types of city, state, and federal agencies. The majority of these projects required compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. Ms. Crawford has extensive experience in the implementation of Section 106 in reference to historic buildings from all historic periods and architectural styles. The vast majority of these projects required preparation of California Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) 523 forms for submittal to the State Historic Preservation Office. She has prepared several Historic American Building Survey (HABS) surveys and documentation over the years and has worked with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties in the course of the historic and architectural evaluations. In addition, Ms. Crawford has participated in the production of numerous cultural resources reports and assessments, environmental impact reports, and historic building surveys of potential historic districts in California, Arizona, and Kentucky. She has been a Lecturer in the History Department at San Diego State University since 1989, and her extensive teaching experience in U.S. History has aided her understanding of the historical assessment and evaluation process. Education Master’s degree, History – University of San Diego. 1987 Bachelor’s degree, History – University of San Diego. 1984 Bachelor’s degree, Anthropology – University of San Diego. 1984 Project Experience Oakland International Airport, Oakland, California. Preparation of Historic and Architectural Assessment of circa 1960s Airport Structures for National Register of Historic Places eligibility. Standard Aero Buildings, Los Angeles International Airport (LAX). Preparation of Historic and Architectural Assessment of circa 1940s Airport Structures for Cell Tower construction. California State Capitol Building Complex, Sacramento. Preparation of Historic and Architectural Assessment of circa 1860s–1950s California State Capitol Building for installation of new cell tower service for entire State Capitol complex. HABS Survey of Niven Nursery, Larkspur. Preparation of Historic American Building Survey (HABS) documentation of circa 1940s Niven Nursery, Larkspur, California. Independent Order of Odd Fellows Cemetery, Sacramento. Preparation of Historic and Architectural Assessment of circa 1890s National Register-eligible historic Sacramento cemetery. Leamington Hotel, Oakland. Preparation of Historic and Architectural Assessment of circa 1920s National Register- eligible hotel in downtown Oakland. www.FirstCarbonSolutions.com CORPORATE RESUME 08119 Kathleen Crawford, M.A. - Architectural Historian East Bay Alliance Chinese Church, Oakland. Preparation of Historic and Architectural Assessment of circa 1940s church complex. Piedmont Apartments, Oakland. Historic and Architectural Assessment of circa 1930s apartment complex, Oakland. Oakland Coliseum, Oakland. Preparation of Historic and Architectural Assessment of circa 1960s sports stadium. Sheraton Palace Hotel, San Francisco. Preparation of Historic and Architectural Assessment of circa 1900 National Register-listed landmark historic hotel for cell tower construction. University of San Jose Stadium, San Jose. Preparation of Historic and Architectural Assessment of circa 1950s sports stadium. University of Santa Clara, Swig Hall, San Jose. Preparation of Historic and Architectural Assessment of circa 1960s residence hall. Swedish American Hall, San Francisco. Preparation of Historic and Architectural Assessment of circa 1890s National Register-eligible building for proposed cell tower placement. Seton Medical Center, San Francisco. Preparation of Historic and Architectural Assessment of circa 1950s Seton Medical Center for cell tower construction. United Pipe Foundry, Union City. Historic and Architectural Assessment of circa 1930s historic water tank on historic foundry property. Palo Alto Apartment Complex, Palo Alto. Historic and Architectural Assessment of circa 1950s apartment complex. Petaluma Hotel, Petaluma. Historic and Architectural Assessment of circa 1920s hotel in National Register-listed historic downtown business district. Paramount Studios, Los Angeles. Preparation of Historic and Architectural Assessment of several buildings on Paramount Studios lot that dated to earliest development of the Paramount Studios Corporation in the 1920s. St. Mary’s Hospital, Tucson, Arizona. Historic and Architectural Assessment of circa 1930s hospital in Tucson. Historic Hotel, Elko, Nevada. Preparation of Historic and Architectural Assessment of circa 1930s hotel in Elko, Nevada. Sunwest Building, Roswell, New Mexico. Preparation of Historic and Architectural Assessment of potentially circa 1950s National Register-eligible building in Roswell, New Mexico. San Diego Naval Training Center – Preparation of National Register nomination for property including approximately 400 buildings. Chollas Heights Radio Station – Preparation of Historic American Buildings Survey for radio station for approximately 100 buildings. www.FirstCarbonSolutions.com CORPORATE RESUME 08120 Kathleen Crawford, M.A. - Architectural Historian Seal Beach Naval Weapons Station – Preparation of Historical and Architectural Assessment of properties including approximately 300 buildings. Long Beach Naval Station and Shipyard – Preparation of Historical and Architectural Assessment of properties including approximately 750 buildings. Marine Corps Air Station, Camp Pendleton – Preparation of History of Air Station. Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii – Preparation of History of Air Base. Naval Air Station, Guam – Preparation of Base Closure Documentation for approximately 150 structures. San Diego Naval Air Station, Coronado – Preparation of Historical and Architectural Assessment of selected air base facilities. Naval Air Station, El Centro – Preparation of Historical and Architectural Assessment of air base properties, including approximately 100 buildings. San Diego Naval Station, 32nd Street – Preparation of Historical and Architectural Assessment of properties including approximately 350 buildings. Caltrans – Preparation of Historical and Architectural Assessments for approximately 200 properties in San Diego and Riverside counties. Kentucky Department of Transportation (KDOT) – Preparation of Historical and Architectural Assessments of approximately 100 properties in Louisville, Kentucky. Miramar Naval Air Station – Preparation of Historical and Architectural Assessment of properties including approximately 250 buildings. Borrego Springs, San Diego County, California. Preparation of Cultural Resources Report for CA-SDI-20016 and Historic Assessment of former circa 1940s DiGiorgio Fruit Corporation property in Borrego Springs, California for County of San Diego. Hell, Riverside County, California. Preparation of Cultural Resources Report and Historic Assessment of Hell, California for historic documentation of circa 1950s P-33-18794 archaeological site for County of Riverside. Federal Aviation Administration, Quieter Home Program, San Diego County, California. Historical and Architectural Assessment of approximately 1,000 circa 1910–1960 historic homes in Point Loma and San Diego for sound retrofitting program conducted by the Federal Aviation Administration. State of California DPR 523 forms were prepared for each property for submittal to City of San Diego Planning Department and San Diego Historical Resources Board. Cesar Chavez Boulevard, El Centro, San Diego County, - Preparation of Cultural Resources Survey and Historic Assessment of Cesar Chavez Boulevard, El Centro, San Diego County, for California Department of Transportation. World Trade Center, San Diego County - Preparation of National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form for World Trade Center Building, San Diego, San Diego County, California. www.FirstCarbonSolutions.com CORPORATE RESUME 08121 Kathleen Crawford, M.A. - Architectural Historian U.S. Post Office, San Diego Station, San Diego County - Preparation of Technical Report for U.S. Post Office, San Diego, San Diego County, California and Determination of Eligibility for National Register of Historic Places Nomination. Coronado Historical Association, Coronado, San Diego County – Historical and Architectural Consultant conducting research for Historic Home Tour, “Wings of Gold, 100 Years of Naval Aviation” exhibit, and “Coronado We Remember” exhibit. Coronado Historical Association, Coronado, San Diego County - Interim Registrar and Archivist. La Jolla Historical Society, La Jolla, San Diego County - Archivist for historical collection. Associations San Diego Historical Society Denver Historical Society Publications Engstrand, Iris H.W. and Kathleen A. Crawford. 1981. Reflections: A History of the San Diego Gas & Electric Company, 1881-1991. Heritage Press, Los Angeles. Davie, Theodore and Kathleen A. Crawford. 1988. A History of San Diego Trust & Savings Bank, 1888-1988. San Diego Trust and Savings Bank, San Diego. Crawford, Kathleen A. 1986. A History of the San Diego Transit Corporation, 1886-1986. San Diego Transit Corporation, San Diego. Crawford, Kathleen A. 1985. A History of Great American First Savings Bank, 1885-1985. Great American First Savings Bank, San Diego. Crawford, Kathleen A. 1985. God's Garden: A History of the Grossmont Art Colony. Journal of San Diego History, Volume XX, Summer 1985. Crawford, Kathleen A. and Bruce Kammerling. 1984. The Serra Museum and its Collections, Some Reminiscences of Fray Junipero Serra. Santa Barbara Mission Press, Santa Barbara. Crawford, Kathleen A. 1984. The General's Lady: Maria Amparo Ruiz Burton. Journal of San Diego History, Volume XIX, Fall, 1984. Crawford, Kathleen A., “Fifty Years of the Journal of San Diego History,” Journal of San Diego History, Fall 2006. www.FirstCarbonSolutions.com CORPORATE RESUME 08122 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx Appendix E: Regulatory Framework 08123 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 08124 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report FirstCarbon Solutions E-1 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx REGULATORY FRAMEWORK Government agencies, including federal, state, and local agencies, have developed laws and regulations designed to protect significant cultural resources that may be affected by projects regulated, funded, or undertaken by the agency. Federal and state laws that govern the preservation of historic and archaeological resources of national, state, regional, and local significance include the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA), and the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA). In addition, laws specific to work conducted on federal lands includes the Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA), the American Antiquities Act, and the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA). The following Federal or CEQA criteria were used to evaluate the significance of potential impacts on cultural resources for the proposed project. An impact would be considered significant if it would affect a resource eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) or the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR), or if it is identified as a unique archaeological resource. Federal-Level Evaluations Federal agencies are required to consider the effects of their actions on historic properties and afford the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation (ACHP) a reasonable opportunity to comment on such undertakings under NEPA Section 106. Federal agencies are responsible for initiating NEPA Section 106 review and completing the steps in the process that are outlined in the regulations. They must determine if NHPA Section 106 applies to a given project and, if so, initiate review in consultation with the State Historic Preservation Officer (SHPO) and/or Tribal Historic Preservation Officer (THPO). Federal agencies are also responsible for involving the public and other interested parties. Furthermore, NHPA S106 requires that any federal or federally assisted undertaking, or any undertaking requiring federal licensing or permitting, consider the effect of the action on historic properties listed in or eligible for the NRHP. Under the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), 36 CFR Part 800.8, federal agencies are specifically encouraged to coordinate compliance with NEPA Section 106 and the NEPA process. The implementing regulations “Protection of Historic Properties” are found in 36 CFR Part 800. Resource eligibility for listing on the NRHP is detailed in 36 CFR Part 63 and the criteria for resource evaluation are found in 36 CFR Part 60.4 [a-d]. The NHPA established the NRHP as the official federal list for cultural resources that are considered important for their historical significance at the local, state, or national level. To be determined eligible for listing in the NRHP, properties must meet specific criteria for historic significance and possess certain levels of integrity of form, location, and setting. The criteria for listing on the NRHP are significance in American history, architecture, archaeology, engineering, and culture as present in districts, sites, buildings, structures and objects that possess integrity of location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, and association. In addition, a resource must meet one or all of these eligibility criteria: a.) Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history. 08125 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report E-2 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx b.) Is associated with the lives of persons significant in our past. c.) Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, or method of construction; represent the work of a master; possess high artistic values, represent a significant and distinguishable entity whose components may lack individual distinction. d.) That have yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. Criterion D is usually reserved for archaeological resources. Eligible properties must meet at least one of the criteria and exhibit integrity, measured by the degree to which the resource retains its historical properties and conveys its historical character. Criteria Considerations Ordinarily cemeteries, birthplaces, graves of historical figures, properties owned by religious institutions or used for religious purposes, buildings that have been moved from their original locations, reconstructed historic buildings, properties primarily commemorative in nature, and properties that have achieved significance within the past 50 years shall not be considered eligible for the NRHP. However, such properties will qualify if they are integral parts of districts that do meet the criteria or if they fall within the following categories: a.) A religious property deriving primary significance from architectural or artistic distinction or historical importance. b.) A building or structure removed from its original location but which is primarily significant for architectural value, or which is the surviving structure most importantly associated with a historic person or event. c.) A birthplace or grave of a historical figure of outstanding importance if there is no appropriate site or building associated with his or her productive life. d.) A cemetery that derives its primary importance from graves of persons of transcendent importance, from age, from distinctive design features, or from association with historic events. e.) A reconstructed building when accurately executed in a suitable environment and presented in a dignified manner as part of a restoration master plan, and when no other building or structure with the same association has survived. f.) A property primarily commemorative in intent if design, age, tradition, or symbolic value has invested it with its own exceptional significance. g.) A property achieving significance within the past 50 years if it is of exceptional importance. Thresholds of Significance In consultation with the SHPO/THPO and other entities that attach religious and cultural significance to identified historic properties, the Agency shall apply the criteria of adverse effect to historic 08126 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report FirstCarbon Solutions E-3 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx properties within the Area of Potential Effect (APE). The Agency official shall consider the views of consulting parties and the public when considering adverse effects. Federal Criteria of Adverse Effects Under federal regulations, 36 CFR Part 800.5, an adverse effect is found when an undertaking alters, directly or indirectly, any of the characteristics of a historic property that qualifies the property for inclusion in the NRHP in a manner that diminishes the integrity of the property’s location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling, or association. Consideration will be given to all qualifying characteristics of a historic property, including those that may have been identified subsequent to the original evaluation of the property’s eligibility for listing in the NRHP. Adverse effects may include reasonably foreseeable effects caused by the undertaking that may occur later in time, be farther removed in distance, or be cumulative. According to 36 CFR Part 800.5, adverse effects on historic properties include, but are not limited to, those listed below: Physical destruction of or damage to all or part of the property. Alteration of a property, including restoration, rehabilitation, repair, maintenance, stabilization, hazardous material remediation, and provision of handicapped access, that is not consistent with the U.S. Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties per 36 CFR Part 68 and applicable guidelines. Removal of the property from its historic location. Change of the character of the property’s use or of physical features within the property’s setting that contribute to its historic significance. Introduction of visual, atmospheric, or audible elements that diminish the integrity of the property’s significant historic features. Neglect of a property that causes its deterioration, except where such neglect and deterioration are recognized qualities of a property of religious and cultural significance to an Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian organization. Transfer, lease, or sale of property out of federal ownership or control without adequate and legally enforceable restrictions or conditions to ensure long term preservation of the property’s historic significance. If Adverse Effects Are Found If adverse effects are found, the agency official shall continue consultation as stipulated at 36 CFR Part 800.6. The agency official shall consult with the SHPO/THPO and other consulting parties to develop alternatives to the undertaking that could avoid, minimize, or mitigate adverse effects to historic resources. According to 36 CFR Part 800.14(d), if adverse effects cannot be avoided then standard treatments established by the ACHP may be used as a basis for Memorandum of Agreement (MOA). 08127 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report E-4 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx According to 36 CFR Part 800.11(e), the filing of an approved MOA, and appropriate documentation, concludes the Section 106 process. The MOA must be signed by all consulting parties and approved by the ACHP prior to construction activities. If no adverse effects are found and the SHPO/THPO or the ACHP do not object within 30 days of receipt, the agencies’ responsibilities under Section 106 will be satisfied upon completion of report and documentation as stipulated in 36 CFR Part 800.11. The information must be made available for public review upon request, excluding information covered by confidentiality provisions. State-Level Evaluation Processes An archaeological site may be considered a historical resource if it is significant in the architectural, engineering, scientific, economic, agricultural, educational, social, political, military or cultural annals of California per PRC § 5020.1(j) or if it meets the criteria for listing on the CRHR per California Code of Regulations (CCR) at Title 14 CCR § 4850. The most recent amendments to the CEQA guidelines direct lead agencies to first evaluate an archaeological site to determine if it meets the criteria for listing in the CRHR. If an archaeological site is a historical resource, in that it is listed or eligible for listing in the CRHR, potential adverse impacts to it must be considered as stated in PRC §§ 21084.1 and 21083.2(l). If an archaeological site is considered not to be a historical resource, but meets the definition of a “unique archeological resource” as defined in PRC § 21083.2, then it would be treated in accordance with the provisions of that section. With reference to PRC § 21083.2, each site found within a project area will be evaluated to determine if it is a unique archaeological resource. A unique archaeological resource is described as an archaeological artifact, object, or site about which it can be clearly demonstrated that, without merely adding to the current body of knowledge, there is a high probability that it meets one or more of the following criteria: 1. Contains information needed to answer important scientific research questions and that there is a demonstrable public interest in that information. 2. Has a special and particular quality such as being the oldest of its type or the best available example of its type. 3. Is directly associated with a scientifically recognized important prehistoric or historic event or person. As used in this report, “non-unique archaeological resource” means an archaeological artifact, object, or site that does not meet the criteria for eligibility for listing on the CRHR, as noted in subdivision (g) of PRC § 21083.2. A non-unique archaeological resource requires no further consideration, other than simple recording of its components and features. Isolated artifacts are typically considered non-unique archaeological resources. Historic structures that have had their superstructures demolished or removed can be considered historic archaeological sites and are evaluated following the processes used for prehistoric sites. Finally, OHP recognizes an age threshold 08128 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report FirstCarbon Solutions E-5 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx of 45 years. Cultural resources built less than 45 years ago may qualify for consideration, but only under the most extraordinary circumstances. Title 14, CCR, Chapter 3 § 15064.5 is associated with determining the significance of impacts to archaeological and historical resources. Here, the term historical resource includes the following: 1. A resource listed in, or determined eligible by the State Historical Resources Commission, for listing in the CRHR (PRC § 5024.1; Title 14 CCR, § 4850 et seq.). 2. A resource included in a local register of historical resources, as defined in PRC § 5020.1(k) or identified as significant in an historical resource survey meeting the PRC § 5024.1(g) requirements, shall be presumed to be historically or culturally significant. Public agencies must treat any such resource as significant unless the preponderance of evidence demonstrates that it is not historically or culturally significant. 3. Any object, building, structure, site, area, place, record, or manuscript, which a lead agency determines to be historically significant or significant in the architectural, engineering, scientific, economic, agricultural, educational, social, political, military, or cultural annals of California may be considered a historical resource, provided the lead agency’s determination is supported by substantial evidence in light of the whole record. Generally, a resource shall be considered by the lead agency to be historically significant if the resource meets the criteria for listing on the California Register of Historical Resources (PRC 5024.1; Title 14 CCR § 4852) including the following: A. Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California’s history and cultural heritage. B. Is associated with the lives of persons important in our past. C. Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic values. D. Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history. Typically, archaeological sites exhibiting significant features qualify for the CRHR under Criterion D because such features have information important to the prehistory of California. A lead agency may determine that a resource may be a historical resource as defined in PRC §§ 5020.1(j) or 5024.1 even if it is: Not listed in or determined to be eligible for listing in the CRHR. Not included in a local register of historical resources pursuant to PRC § 5020.1(k). Identified in a historical resources survey per PRC § 5024.1(g). Threshold of Significance If a project will have a significant impact on a cultural resource, several steps must be taken to determine if the cultural resource is a “unique archaeological resource” under CEQA. If analysis and/or testing determine that the resource is a unique archaeological resource and therefore subject to mitigation prior to development, a threshold of significance should be developed. The threshold 08129 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report E-6 FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx of significance is a point where the qualities of significance are defined and the resource is determined to be unique under CEQA. A significant impact is regarded as the physical demolition, destruction, relocation, or alteration of the resource or its immediate surroundings such that the significance of the resource will be reduced to a point that it no longer meets the significance criteria. Should analysis indicate that project development will destroy the unique elements of a resource; the resource must be mitigated for under CEQA regulations. The preferred form of mitigation is to preserve the resource in-place, in an undisturbed state. However, as that is not always possible or feasible, appropriate mitigation measures may include, but are not limited to: 1. Planning construction to avoid the resource. 2. Deeding conservation easements. 3. Capping the site prior to construction. If a resource is determined to be a “non-unique archaeological resource,” no further consideration of the resource by the lead agency is necessary. Tribal Consultation The following serves as an overview of the procedures and timeframes for the Tribal Consultation process, for the complete Tribal Consultation Guidelines, please refer to the State of California Office of Planning and Research web site. Prior to the amendment or adoption of general or specific plans, local governments must notify the appropriate tribes of the opportunity to conduct consultation for the purpose of preserving or mitigating impacts to cultural places located on land within the local government’s jurisdiction that is affected by the plan adoption or amendment. The tribal contacts for this list maintained by the NAHC and is distinct from the Most Likely Descendent (MLD) list. It is suggested that local governments send written notice by certified mail with return receipt requested. The tribes have 90 days from the date they receive notification to request consultation. In addition, prior to adoption or amendment of a general or specific plan, local government must refer the proposed action to tribes on the NAHC list that have traditional lands located within the city or county’s jurisdiction. Notice must be sent regardless of prior consultation. The referral must allow a 45-day comment period. In brief, notices from government to the tribes should include: A clear statement of purpose. A description of the proposed general or specific plan, the reason for the proposal, and the specific geographic areas affected. Detailed maps to accompany the description. Deadline date for the tribes to respond. Government representative(s) contact information. Contact information for project proponent/applicant, if applicable. 08130 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report FirstCarbon Solutions E-7 H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx The basic schedule for this process is: 30 days: time NAHC has to provide tribal contact information to the local government; this is recommended not mandatory. 90 days: time tribe has to respond indication whether or not they want to consult. Note: tribes can agree to a shorter timeframe. In addition, consultation does not begin until/unless requested by the tribe within 90 days of receiving notice of the opportunity to consult. The consultation period, if requested, is open-ended. The tribes and local governments can discuss issues for as long as necessary, or productive, and need not result in agreement. 45 days: time local government has to refer proposed action, such as adoption or amendment to a general plan or specific plan, to agencies, including the tribes. Referral required even if there has been prior consultation. This opens the 45-day comment period. 10 days: time local government has to provide tribes of notice of public hearing. 08131 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 08132 Froom Ranch/El Villagio Specific Plan Section 106 Prehistoric Report FirstCarbon Solutions H:\Client (PN-JN)\3611\36110015\Prehistoric Report\36110015 Froom Ranch Prehistoric Report.docx Appendix F: Prehistoric Department of Parks and Recreation (DPR) Forms 08133 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 08134 Page 1 of 5 *Resource Name or #: (Assigned by recorder) CA-SLO-783 P1. Other Identifier: Froom Ranch DPR 523A (9/2013) *Required information State of California The Resources Agency UPDATE Primary # P-40-000783 DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial CA-SLO-783 NRHPStatusCode Other Listings ReviewCode Reviewer Date P2. Location: Not for Publication 08135 age of *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) Recorded by: *Date Continuation Update DPR 523L 9/2013 State of California - The Resources Agency Primary# P-40-000783 DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # TrinomialCA-SLO-783 CONTINUATION SHEET Property Name: __Froom Ranch________________________________________________________ Page _2_ of _5_ Photograph 2:Two bedrock mortars on a rock outcrop located on the north bank of an intermittent drainage Trimble points 84 and 85 on map);facing east Photograph 3:Three bedrock mortars located on a second outcrop on the north bank of the intermittent drainage Trimble points 4, 5 and 83 on map);facing west southwest 08136 age of *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) Recorded by: *Date Continuation Update DPR 523L 9/2013 State of California - The Resources Agency Primary# P-40-000783 DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # TrinomialCA-SLO-783 CONTINUATION SHEET Property Name: __Froom Ranch_____________________________________________________________________ Page _3_ of _5_ Photograph 4:A single mortar located on a boulder on a rocky knoll approximately 37 meters northwest of the intermittent drainage and two other rock outcrops containing mortars Trimble point 6 on map);facing north Photograph 5:Two mortars located on a rock outcrop on a rocky knoll approximately 7 meters northwest of the boulder containing the single mortar Trimble points 7 and 8 on map);facing northeast 08137 Page 4 of 5 Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) CA-SLO-783_______ Map Name: USGS Pismo Beach, CA *Scale: 7. 5’ Quadrangle Date of map: _1996__ DPR 523J (9/2013) * Required information State of California - The Resources Agency Primary # P-40-000783 DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# LOCATION MAP TrinomialCA-SLO-783 08138 67 8 8283 84854 3611.0015 • 01/2015 | x_exhibt.mxd Location of CA-SLO-783I Source: USGS Pismo Beach, CA 7.5' Quadrangle 500 0500250 Feet 08139 Page 1 of 6 *Resource Name or #: (Assigned by recorder) CA-SLO-1195 P1. Other Identifier: ____ DPR 523A (9/2013) *Required information State of California The Resources Agency UPDATE Primary # P-40-001195 DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial CA-SLO-1195 NRHPStatusCode Other Listings ReviewCode Reviewer Date P2. Location: 08140 6age of *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) Recorded by: *Date Continuation Update DPR 523L 9/2013 State of California - The Resources Agency Primary# P-40-001195 DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # TrinomialCA-SLO-1195 CONTINUATION SHEET Property Name: __Froom Ranch_________________________________________________________________________ Page _2_ of __6___ P3a. (Continued) One Franiscan chert biface, two chert cores, and 12-15 Monterey and Franciscan chert primary and secondary waste flakes were found in concentration on the ground surface of the site during the current study. In addition, a sparse amount of shellfish and bone fragments were observed. The shellfish remains were heavily weathered and fractured, and were not identifiable to the species level. Heavily weathered bone fragments included both deer and rabbit. The site integrity appears to be excellent and substantially intact, with the only impacts being trampling from livestock grazing and burrowing rodent disturbance. The subsurface boundaries of the site have not been defined. CA-SLO-1195 may possibly be related to CA-SLO-783, a prehistoric site containing bedrock mortars that is located approximately 215 meters to the east. 08141 age of *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) Recorded by: *Date Continuation Update DPR 523L 9/2013 State of California - The Resources Agency Primary# P-40-001195 DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # TrinomialCA-SLO-1195 CONTINUATION SHEET Property Name: __Froom Ranch_________________________________________________________________________ Page _3_ of _6 Photograph 2:Overview of CA SLO 1195;facing southwest from northeast site boundary Photograph 3:Overview of CA SLO 1195;facing west from eastern site boundary 08142 age of *Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) Recorded by: *Date Continuation Update DPR 523L 9/2013 State of California - The Resources Agency Primary# P-40-001195 DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # TrinomialCA-SLO-1195 CONTINUATION SHEET Property Name: _Froom Ranch_______________________________________________________________________ Page __4___ of __6___ Photograph 4:Overview of CA SLO 1195;facing northwest from southeastern site boundary at intermittent drainage Photograph 5:Overview of CA SLO 1195;facing northeast from western site boundary 08143 Page 5 of 6 Resource Name or # (Assigned by recorder) CA-SLO-1195_______ Map Name: USGS Pismo Beach, CA *Scale: 7. 5’ Quadrangle Date of map: _1996__ DPR 523J (9/2013) * Required information State of California - The Resources Agency Primary # P-40-001195 DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI# LOCATION MAP TrinomialCA-SLO-1195 08144 80 3611.0015 • 01/2015 | x_exhibt.mxd Location of CA-SLO-1195I Source: USGS Pismo Beach, CA 7.5' Quadrangle 500 0500250 Feet 08145 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 08146