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HomeMy WebLinkAboutItem 6a. 1220 Mill Street (ARCH-0613-2022) CULTURAL HERITAGE COMMITTEE AGENDA REPORT SUBJECT: 1220 MILL STREET (ARCH-0613-2022) ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW OF THE REHABILITATION OF, AND ADDITION TO, A DW ELLING, AND CONSTRUCTION OF A GARAGE AND ACCESSORY DWELLING UNIT (CONTRIBUTING LIST PROPERTY; MILL STREET HISTORIC DISTRICT) BY: Walter Oetzell FROM: Brian Leveille Phone Number: (805) 781-7593 Phone Number: (805) 781-7166 Email: woetzell@slocity.org Email: bleveille@slocity.org APPLICANT: Tricia and Michael Mitchell REPRESENTATIVE: Dana Hunter RECOMMENDATION Provide a recommendation to the Community Development Director as to the consistency of the proposed work with applicable historical preservation policies, standards, and guidelines. 1.0 BACKGROUND The applicant proposes modifications and a two-story addition to the primary dwelling on a Contributing List Property, along with construction of a new two-story building behind the dwelling, accommodating a garage and Accessory Dwelling Unit. One dwelling and one garage structure will be demolished to make way for the proposed new building. 2.0 DISCUSSION 2.1 Site and Setting The property is located on the north side of Mill Street, 140 feet east of Toro Street, in a Medium High Density Residential (R-3) Zone characterized by single family dwellings. It is also within the Mill Street Historic District, which developed at the turn of the 20th century on high ground in response to seasonal flooding and fires that plagued early development in the City, with the majority of the existing buildings dating from the 1900s to 1920s. (see description of the District, Attachment A). The property was designated as Contributing within the Mill Street District in the 1983 Completion Report for the City’s Historic Resources Survey. The site is developed with two dwellings and a garage structure, with the primary dwelling situated at the front of the property. County Assessor records indicate 1910 as the year Meeting Date: 7/24/2023 Item Number: 6a Time Estimate: 30 Minutes Page 11 of 90 Item 6a ARCH-0613-2022 (1220 Mill) Cultural Heritage Committee Report – July 24, 2023 this structure was built. An Architectural Worksheet prepared in 1983 (Attachment B) describes the architectural style as “Classic Row,” noting its open front porch with steps and single turned column, and a modified projecting bay on the side of the building (center window removed, covered in clapboard). The style of the building most closely corresponds to the “Neo-Classical Cottage style described in the City Historic Context Statement (Attachment C), and the building exhibits the characteristic features of the style as described, such as its simple square form, wood cladding, simple trim, and porch support post. A Historic Resource Evaluation and Certificate of Appropriateness was prepared on behalf of the applicant by James Papp, PhD, a historian and Architectural Historian, discussing the history of the property and buildings on it (Attachment D). The historical context around the period of significance of the primary dwelling is described, along with the building’s character-defining features: [The dwelling] embodies the Colonial Revival type of construction, with low-pitched hip roof, asymmetric entry porch supported by a single Tuscan column, triple and double windows, front accent window, canted bay, and novelty siding with shingle dado. (Evaluation pg. 3) 2.2 Proposed Work Demolition. As part of this project, the two structures behind the primary dwelling are proposed to be demolished: a second dwelling built in 1922 and a garage built in 1923. The applicant’s Historic Resource Evaluation concludes (Atta chment D, pp. 2-5) that neither the second dwelling nor the garage on the site are historically or architecturally significant. The second dwelling emulated aspects of the California Bungalow style (which by 1922 had already passed its peak), but only referentially, and lacked the spatial characteristics of the style. And although the garage exhibits an interesting hybrid of box frame and clapboard front, it is not a notable example of box frame construction and is not architecturally or historically significant (Attachment D, pp. 20-21). Rehabilitation – Existing Dwelling. The applicant’s historical evaluation and project plans (Attachments D & E) depict and describe rehabilitation work to be done to the existing dwelling, consisting primarily of:  Adding a window to the canted bay on the west façade  Shifting the position four windows: two on the west façade, two on the east façade  Replacement of sash windows (not original) with replicas of the original windows Figure 1: 1220 Mill Street Page 12 of 90 Item 6a ARCH-0613-2022 (1220 Mill) Cultural Heritage Committee Report – July 24, 2023 The intent of the rehabilitation work is to preserve the character -defining features of the dwelling to the maximum extent practicable. Closer evaluation of the condition of wood, window, and porch features could, however, uncover the need for repair or repla cement of damaged or deteriorating wood features. The treatment of these elements is discussed in more detail in section 3.2 of this report below, regarding consistency with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties. Addition to the Existing Dwelling. As depicted in project plans, the applicant proposes to construct a two-story addition (about 29 feet in height) to the rear of the existing dwelling. The addition will provide additional space to remodel the home into a three -bedroom dwelling (see Attachment E). At the lower floor, the building’s horizontal siding and the distinctive skirting along the base of the house (“canted shingle dado”) will be carried around the addition by use of new wood siding and dado designed to match dimension and appearance of the existing features. On the upper floor the addition will be clad in wood siding of a wider dimension, to visually differentiate this portion of the addition from the original construction. Door, window, and decorative building trim, including the cornice under the roof, are described as matching that of the existing dwelling, on both the lower and upper floors of the addition (see Elevation Drawings, Sheets A-9.0, A-9.1, Attachment E). While the design and configuration of the front porch will be retained, plans note that the porch and railing are to be rebuilt. New Construction. Behind the expanded dwelling, at the rear of the property, a new two-story building (27 feet in height) is proposed, accommodating a two-car garage Figure 2: Addition and rehabilitation (West Elevation) Figure 3: Garage and ADU (Front) Page 13 of 90 Item 6a ARCH-0613-2022 (1220 Mill) Cultural Heritage Committee Report – July 24, 2023 on the ground floor and an 850 square-foot Accessory Dwelling Unit (ADU) on the upper floor (see Attachment E, and Figure 3). It is square in plan, with a hipped roof of composition shingle. As with the upper floor of the addition, the cornice and decorative trim are modeled on that of the primary dwelling, but window forms vary, and the siding of the new building is of larger dimension to differentiate it from original construction. 3.0 EVALUATION Guidance for additions to, and new construction associated with, historical resources is provided in the City’s Historic Preservation Program Guidelines and the Secre tary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties.1 Relevant applicable guidelines, standards, and recommendations from these documents are outlined below. 3.1 Historic Preservation Program Guidelines Alterations to Historic Resources § 3.4.1 (c) Accessory Structures New accessory structures should complement the primary structure’s historic character through compatibility with its form, massing, color, and materials. § 3.4.1 (d) Additions Additions to listed historic structures should maintain the structure’s original architectural integrity and closely match the building’s original architecture, or match additions that have achieved historic significance in their own right, in terms of scale, form, massing, rhythm, fenestration, materials, color and architectural details § 3.4.3 Retention of character-defining features Alterations of historically-listed buildings shall retain character defining features. New features […] should be completed in a manner that preserves the original architectural character, form, scale, and appearance of the building. § 3.4.4 Exterior building changes Exterior changes to historically-listed buildings or resources should not introduce new or conflicting architectural elements and should be architecturally compatible with the original and/or prevailing architectural character of the building […]. Additions to historic buildings shall comply with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards to complement and be consistent with the original style of the structure. Building materials used to replicate character-defining features shall be consistent with the original materials in terms of size, shape, quality and appearance. However, original materials are not required. Discussion: The proposed addition is sited and designed in a manner intended to preserve the integrity of the historical primary dwelling. It is placed behind the existing 1 Kay D. Weeks and Anne E. Grimmer. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, Restoring & Reconstructing Historic Buildings. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the In terior National Park Service; Technical Preservation Services, 2017 Page 14 of 90 Item 6a ARCH-0613-2022 (1220 Mill) Cultural Heritage Committee Report – July 24, 2023 building, is two stories in height, and is connected to the existing dwelling by a “roof ridge hyphen” as a reversible means to provide visual separation from the historic building. As noted in the summary conclusion of the applicant’s Historic Resource Evaluation (Attachment E, pp. 4-5), the character-defining hipped roof and front façade of the building are preserved. The addition is two stories in height and provides an additional 1,500 square feet of floor area (for a total of about 2,400 square feet) to the primary dwelling, appropriate to single-family residential use and compatible in scale with buildings in the vicinity. The horizontal wood siding, composition shingle roof material, and matching trim and restrained decorative detail of the addition exhibit a form and character that are compatible with the that of the original primary dwelling on the property. The existing windows (which are not original windows) are proposed to be replaced with appropriate reproductions of the original window forms, and the porch reconstructed in its same form and appearance. Plans note the potential need for repair or replacement of extensively damaged wood features, such as siding, window trim, and porch elements, which could be uncovered with closer evaluation of the condition of these features. Further discussion of the treatment of the wood elements is discussed in more detail the following section of this report, regarding consistency with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties. 3.2 Secretary of the Interior’s Standards (Rehabilitation) Standards for Rehabilitation 2: The historic character of a property will be retained and preserved. The removal of distinctive materials or alteration of features, spaces and spatial relationships that characterize a property will be avoided. 5: Distinctive materials, features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that characterize a property will be preserved. 6: Deteriorated historic features will be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature will match the old in design, color, texture and, where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features will be substantiated by documentary and physical evidence. 9: New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction will not destroy historic materials, features, and spatial relationships that characterize the property. The new work will be differentiated from the old and will be compatible with the historic materials, features, size, scale and proportion, and massing to protect the integrity of the property and its environment. Discussion: The Secretary of Interior’s Standards provide guidance on rehabilitation of historic buildings, including approaches to work treatments and techniques that are either consistent (“Recommended”) or inconsistent (“Not Recommended”) with the Standards, specific to various features of historic buildings and sites. The applicant’s Historic Evaluation provides discussion about the consiste ncy of the proposed work with these Standards and their supporting Guidelines (Attachment E, pp. 26-29). Page 15 of 90 Item 6a ARCH-0613-2022 (1220 Mill) Cultural Heritage Committee Report – July 24, 2023 New Exterior Additions Recommended Not Recommended Constructing a new addition on a secondary or non-characterdefining elevation and limiting its size and scale in relationship to the historic building. Constructing a new addition on or adjacent to a primary elevation Discussion. As discussed above, and as noted in the applicant’s Historical Evaluation, the proposed addition to the historic dwelling on this property has been situated at the rear of the dwelling, to minimize its visual impact to the primary elevations of the building, and to preserve its physical integrity and architectural and historical character (Attachment E, pg. 27). It is of a height and scale appropriate to a single-family dwelling, as well as to the historic building. Wood Recommended Not Recommended Identifying, retaining and preserving wood features that are important in defining the overall historic character of the building (such as siding, cornices, brackets, window and door surrounds, and steps) and their paints, finishes, and colors.. Removing or substantially changing wood features which are important in defining the overall historic character of the building so that, as a result, the character is diminished. Removing a major portion of the historic wood from a façade instead of repairing or replacing only the deteriorated wood, then reconstructing the façade with new material to achieve a uniform or “improved” appearance. Replacing a deteriorated wood feature or wood siding on a primary or other highly- visible elevation with a new matching wood feature. Replacing a deteriorated wood feature or wood siding on a primary or other highly- visible elevation with a composite substitute material. Discussion. Plans depict retention of original siding, shingle skirting, cornice, and other wood features, but also note the potential replacement of such features where they may be damaged beyond repair. Where siding may need replacement, it will be matched in dimension, texture, and appearance to the original material. The applicant’s Historic Evaluation notes the consistency of this approach with Guidelines for wood features (Attachment E, pg. 27). Page 16 of 90 Item 6a ARCH-0613-2022 (1220 Mill) Cultural Heritage Committee Report – July 24, 2023 Windows Recommended Not Recommended Designing and installing a new window or its components, such as frames, sash, and glazing, when the historic feature is completeley missing. It may be an accurate restoration based on documentary and physical evidence, but only when the historic feature to be replaced coexisted with the features currently on the building. Or, it may be a new design that is compatible with the size, scale, material, and color of the historic building. Creating an inaccurate appearance because the replacement for the missing window is based upon insufficient physical or historic documentation, is not a compatible design, or because the feature to be replaced did not coexist with the features currently on the building. Adding new window openings on rear or other secondary, less- visible elevations, if required by a new use. The new openings and the windows in them should be compatible with the overall design of the building but, in most cases, not duplicate the historic fenestration. Changing the number, location, size, or glazing pattern of windows on primary or highly-visible elevations which will alter the historic character of the building. Cutting new openings on character-defining elevations or cutting new openings that damage or destroy significant features. Discussion. Plans also indicate that existing replacement sash windows will in turn be replaced by replicas of original windows, according to available photographic evidence. A new window opening will be added to the center of the canted bay on the west façade, and the location of a pair of windows on both the west and east facades will be shifted slightly, noted in the applicant’s Historic Resource Evaluation as minor interventions that will not alter the ability of the house to communicate its architectural significance (Attachment E, pg. 27). Staff suggests a condition of approval directing that final plans include a detailed window schedule , sufficient to demonstrate the appropriateness of new and replacement windows to the historic character of the building: Final plans for the project shall include a window schedule describing all new and replacement windows, including window type, operation, and dimensions of window elements (sashes, muntins and sills, mullions, etc.), sufficient to evaluate their consistency with the historical character of the property. Entrances and Porches Recommended Not Recommended Identifying, retaining, and preserving entrances and porches and their functional and decorative features that are important in defining the overall historic character of the Removing or substantially changing entrances and porches which are important in defining the overall historic character of the Page 17 of 90 Item 6a ARCH-0613-2022 (1220 Mill) Cultural Heritage Committee Report – July 24, 2023 building. The materials themselves (including masonry, wood, and metal) are significant, as are their features, such as doors, transoms, pilasters, columns, balustrades, stairs, roofs, and projecting canopies. building so that, as a result, the character is diminished. Repairing entrances and porches by patching, splicing, consolidating, and otherwise reinforcing them using recognized preservation methods. Repair may include the limited replacement in kind or with a compatible substitute material of those extensively deteriorated features or missing components of features when there are surviving prototypes, such as balustrades, columns, and stairs. Removing entrances and porches that could be stabilized, repaired, and conserved […] Replacing an entire entrance or porch feature when repair of the feature and limited replacement of deteriorated or missing components are feasible." Discussion. Plans also depict reconstruction of the front porch, noting retention of its Tuscan column (Attachment E, Sheet A-9.0), one of the elements of the preserved character-defining façade discussed in the applicant’s Evaluation (Attachment D, pg. 27), retained in a manner consistent with these guidelines. Related New Construction Recommended Not Recommended Locating new construction far enough away from the historic building, when possible, where it will be minimally visible and will not negatively affect the building’s character, the site, or setting. Placing new construction too close to the historic building so that it negatively impacts the building’s character, the site, or setting. Designing new construction on a historic site or in a historic setting that it is compatible but differentiated from the historic building or buildings. Replicating the features of the historic building when designing a new building, with the result that it may be confused as historic or original to the site or setting. Ensuring that new construction is secondary to the historic building and does not detract from its significance Adding new construction that results in the diminution or loss of the historic character of the building, including its design, materials, location, or setting. Constructing a new building on a historic property or on an adjacent site that is much larger than the historic building. Discussion. The proposed new garage and ADU are situated behind the expanded primary dwelling, such that its visibility is largely obscured by the dwelling. While executed Page 18 of 90 Item 6a ARCH-0613-2022 (1220 Mill) Cultural Heritage Committee Report – July 24, 2023 in a form, style, and appearance that is compatible with the primary dwelling, with horizontal siding, hipped roof, restrained decorative trim, and conventional but varied window forms, its exterior siding material is of a larger dimension that differentiates it from the dwelling. The placement of the new building at the rear of the site and its two -story height, hip roof, wood siding, and conventional window forms also harmonize with the predominant architectural elements of the Mill Street Historic District described in the City’s Historic Preservation Program Guidelines (see Attachment A). 5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW The project is categorically exempt from the provisions of the California E nvironmental Quality Act (CEQA). It consists of the minor alteration of an existing facility, as described in CEQA Guidelines § 15301, with negligible expansion of the existing use. 6.0 ACTION ALTERNATIVES 1. Recommend that the Community Development Director find the project consistent with applicable historical preservation policies, standards, and guidelines, subject to certain conditions of approval for the evaluation and preservation of character-defining features of the building 2. Continue review to another date with direction to staff and applicant 3. Recommend that the Community Development Director deny the application, based on specific findings describing inconsistency with historical preservation policies, standards, and guidelines 7.0 ATTACHMENTS A - Mill Street Historic District (Historic Preservation Program Guidelines) B - Architectural Worksheet (1220 Mill) C - Neo-Classical Cottage (Historic Context Statement) D - Historic Report and Certificate of Appropriateness (James Papp, PhD) E - Project Plans (Hunter Smith Architecture) Page 19 of 90 Page 20 of 90 47 5.2.4 Mill Street Historic District Setting Established in 1987, the Mill Street Historic District is a residential neighborhood bounded by Pepper and Toro Streets on the east and west, and Peach and Palm Streets on the north and south. The Mill Street District is part of one subdivision, The Town of San Luis Obispo, recorded in 1878, although the area informally has been referred to as Fremont Heights. For its land area, Mill Street Historic District has the highest concentration of historic structures of the City’s five Historic districts. It is a relatively small district, with an area of 20 acres or 0.03125 square miles, and as of January of 2010 had 84 listed historic properties. The Mill Street district was developed at the turn of the 20th century, with the majority of the existing buildings dating from the 1900s to 1920s, the district’s primary period of historical and architectural significance. The district was developed on high ground with originally very wide (100 ft) lots in response to both the seasonal flooding and fires that plagued early development in San Luis Obispo. A few of these wide lots remain in the 1300 block of both Mill Street and Palm Street, but the majority of them were later re-subdivided into 50-60 foot wide lots. Site Features and Characteristics Common site features and characteristics include: A. Trees spaced at regular intervals along the street (especially on Mill Street) B. Distinctive Camphor Trees lining both sides of Mill Street between Johnson and Pepper, a key entry corridor for the district C. Consistent street yard setbacks of 20 feet or more D. Coach barns (garages) recessed into rear yard E. Finish floors raised 2-3 above finish grade F. Front entries oriented toward street, with prominent walk, stairs and entry porches. G. Front building facades oriented parallel to street Architectural Character Developed during a population boom in San Luis Obispo circa 1900s-1920s, the district’s residential architectural styles reflect the prosperity of its residents. While older and more elaborate residences are located on the 1300 block of both Palm and Mill Streets, the majority of 1344 Mill Street, South Elevation Page 21 of 90 48 historic homes were more modest residences. The close proximity to the court house meant that Mill Street was home to many county employees, including county assessors, attorneys, and county clerks. The Mill Street District encompasses many different architectural styles, including revival styles popular at the turn of the twentieth century. These styles include Neo-classic Row House, Victorian (with elements of Gothic Revival, Queen Anne, Stick and Eastern Shingle), Tudor Revival, Mission Revival, and Craftsman Bungalow, with many homes borrowing architectural details from more than one style. Most buildings in this district were built by local builders, including E.D. Bray and James Maino and were influenced by architectural pattern books of the time period. Predominant architectural features include: A. One- and occasionally two-story houses B. Mostly gable and hip roof types C. Traditional fenestration, such as double-hung, wood sash windows, ornamental front doors, wood screen doors D. Ornamental roof features, including prominent fascias, bargeboards, prominent pediments or cornices E. Painted wood or stucco surface material, including siding and molding Individually Contributing Elements in the Mill Street District Not all historic resources in the Mill Street Historic District were built during the district’s period of significance. Those buildings date from the late 1800s, generally do not exhibit the signature architectural elements described above, but do contribute to the historic character of San Luis Obispo in their own right based on age, architectural style or historical association. By virtue of their significance, these resources also merit preservation. For example, the Buckley House at 777 Johnson Avenue is a converted carriage house built in the 1880s and is significant for its design, specifically the board and batten siding, of which there very few examples are left in the City. The Shipsey House at 1266 Mill Street, a National Register property, is an example of Eastern Stick and significant for both its architectural style and its association with William 1264 and 1270 Palm Street, South Elevation 777 Johnson Avenue, East Elevation Page 22 of 90 49 Shipsey, attorney and mayor of San Luis Obispo from 1898 to1901. Non-Contributing Elements in the Mill Street District Non -contributing buildings are those that both do not meet the criteria outlined above and have not achieved historical significance. Most of the post—1950 contemporary buildings in the district fall into this latter category. Non-contributing architectural styles, materials or site features include: A. Aluminum sliding windows B. Rectilinear, “boxy” shape C. Metal or other contemporary material siding, or “faux” architectural materials or features. D. Unarticulated wall surfaces E. Non-recessed or offset street entries to buildings 1243 Mill Street, North Elevation Page 23 of 90 50 *** 1262 Mill Street; 1261 Mill Street; 1143, 1137 and 1127 Peach Street; Righetti House, 1314 Palm Street Page 24 of 90 Page 25 of 90 Page 26 of 90 City of San Luis Obispo Architectural Character Citywide Historic Context Statement HISTORIC RESOURCES GROUP 138 NEO-CLASSICAL COTTAGE The term “Neo-Classical Cottage” is used to describe simple house forms or cottages with fewer decorative features than other styles from the period. While vernacular residences may display certain characteristics of recognizable styles, decorative detailing is typically confined to the porch or cornice line. Character-defining features include:  Symmetrical façade  Simple square or rectangular form  Gabled or hipped roof with boxed or open eaves  Wood exterior cladding  Simple window and door surrounds  Details may include cornice line brackets  Porch support with turned spindles or square posts 1203 Pismo Street, c.1900. Source: Historic Resources Group. 1211 Pismo Street, 1908.Source: Historic Resources Group. Page 27 of 90 Page 28 of 90 1 1220 Mill Street Historic Resource Evaluation and Certificate of Appropriateness Introduction The proposed project at 1220 Mill Street is a complex effort to sustain a Contributing List property in the Mill Street Historic District through 1. stabilization and restoration of the historically significant primary residence 2. demolition of the historically insignificant ADU (1220½ Mill) and garage to the rear 3. increase of density through construction of a two-story rear addition on the rear of the primary residence and a separate two-story combined garage and upstairs dwelling unit The analysis and planning for the project has been equally complex, involving a historic resource evaluation of each of the three structures currently on the property 1. under the Criteria of Significance A–C of the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and 2. the NRHP’s seven Aspects of Integrity and certificate of appropriateness of the proposed restoration, alterations, and construction under 3. the Secretary of the Interior (SOI) Standards for Rehabilitation 4. the City of San Luis Obispo’s Historic Preservation Program Guidelines Application of these criteria and standards are intended to make sure that fulfilling the goal for increased housing density in San Luis does not threaten the historically significant resources that define the rich fabric of the city’s life for its residents. Though the proposed rear addition and separate garage and dwelling unit would necessarily be visible from some perspectives on the street, they have been evaluated and design influenced so that the historic resource, surrounding historic resources, and historic district as a whole will continue to communicate their significance. Page 29 of 90 2 Summary Conclusion 1220 Mill with 1220½ visible behind, photographed by J. Barron Wiley, ca. late 1980s. Wiley, a professor at Cal Poly, donated his photographs of more than a thousand historic and contemporary San Luis buildings to the History Center of San Luis Obispo County. Summary Conclusion of Historic Resource Evaluation Description of Property 1220 Mill Street, a Contributing List resource in the Mill Street Historic District, comprises three structures: 1. the primary residence facing the street, a circa 1908–1909 Colonial Revival bungalow of the hip roof subtype with asymmetric façade, whose walls are sheathed in novelty siding with a wood shingle dado 2. a 1922 clapboard cottage with superficial California Bungalow references, located behind the primary residence 3. a 1923 garage at the rear of the lot with single-wall load-bearing structure as its back and sides and balloon frame and clapboard front façade Page 30 of 90 3 The 1982 Historic Resources Survey suggests only the primary residence was evaluated for historic listing and was the basis for the property’s Contributing Listing. This report evaluates all three structures for both historic and architectural significance and the integrity to communicate any significance. Historic significance Review of documentation reveals that both dwellings—primary residence 1220 and ADU 1220½—functioned mostly as rentals, with tenants living there too briefly to establish historic association. Pioneering newspaper editor Martha Tiernan and Chinatown underworld figure Jack Wong, who co-founded Shanghai Low, might be argued as historic figures, but their association with 1220 and 1220½, respectively, can be documented at only two years each. Although a dramatic gun battle involving Jack Wong, the co-founder of Shanghai Low, took place on the property’s driveway in 1931, it was not an important moment in local history, representative of any historic trends, or associated with any of the structures. Therefore none of the structures is significant under NRHP Criteria A (association with a significant event) or B (association with a significant person). Period of Significance In absence of historic association, the period of significance would default to the date of construction of each building: circa 1908–1909 (primary residence), 1922 (ADU), and 1923 (garage), respectively. Architectural Significance Structure 1 embodies the Colonial Revival type of construction, with low-pitched hip roof, asymmetric entry porch supported by a single Tuscan column, triple and double windows, front accent window, canted bay, and novelty siding with shingle dado. It is therefore architecturally significant under NRHP Criterion C. Later additions on the rear, one mimicking the cladding of the original bungalow on a more diminutive scale and one of board and batten are outside the period of significance and do not embody the compact bungalow structure characteristic of the Colonial Revival. Structure 2, the ADU, was constructed in 1922 as a rectangular cottage with apparent references to the California Bungalow but with neither the indoor-outdoor spatial characteristics nor the muscular, crafted details and fabric that embody the type. Built by anonymous day labor, according to the permit application, it is not associated with a master architect. It is therefore not architecturally significant under Criterion C. Structure 3, the garage, employs on three sides the method of single-wall load-bearing construction—still common on period outbuildings of the 1920s—with balloon frame and clapboard on the front façade. It is possible this façade was added later, more likely that it Page 31 of 90 4 is original, to serve as the show side of a board and batten structure. It is an interesting example of hybridization of two methods of construction. Hybridization of two methods, however, does not lead to embodiment of either. Built by day labor of Walter Floyd, it is not associated with a master architect. It is therefore not architecturally significant under Criterion C. Integrity The integrity of Structure 1, the primary residence, is high in the six relevant of seven aspects (all but historic association), with the exception of the replacement of window sashes sometime after the late 1980s and two additions, by 1926, on the rear. The integrity of Structure 2, the ADU, is—in design, materials, and workmanship—poor, with the original 12’x24’ cottage having been expanded along nearly all of its more visible western façade and all of its rear façade by the 1940s and having its front façade altered by a large window likely in the 1960s or 1970s but before the late 1980s. Assuming the clapboard façade of Structure 3, the garage, is original, which seems likely, its integrity in the six relevant aspects is good, though its roof structure has been entirely replaced, and an interior post and beam structure has been added for stabilization. This integrity, however, does not communicate architectural significance. Combination of significance and integrity None of the structures has significance from historic association. Structure 1 has architectural significance and the integrity to communicate that significance. Structure 2 has neither architectural significance nor integrity. Structure 3 has integrity but no architectural significance for the integrity to communicate. Therefore only Structure 1 qualifies as a historic resource under the city’s Historic Preservation Ordinance and would be subject to Contributing List protection—consistent with the assumptions of the 1982 Historic Resources Survey. Summary Conclusion of Certificate of Appropriateness Proposed changes Applicants Michael and Tricia Mitchell wish to enlarge the primary residence by adding a two-story extension to the rear of that building and building an accessory dwelling unit over a new garage at the rear of the lot. To achieve this, it would be necessary to demolish the 1922 ADU, 1923 garage, and additions on the rear of the primary residence. The Secretary of the Interior Standards for Rehabilitation Demolition of later additions to the primary residence, the ADU, and garage would not violate SOI Standards for Rehabilitation, as these are neither historically nor architecturally significant structures. To fulfill SOI Standards on Rehabilitation regarding the architecturally significant Colonial Revival bungalow, applicants propose to • preserve the character-defining front façade of the bungalow as is • make only minor alterations to the west façade by adding a window to the previously blank center of the canted bay and shifting the elevation and location of the twin window to accommodate interior reconfiguration Page 32 of 90 5 • make only a minor alteration to the east façade by shifting two singleton windows to accommodate interior reconfiguration • reduce the visibility and impact of the two-story bungalow addition by matching original floor heights, massing the addition at the rear, and limiting it to the original bungalow’s width and a similar footprint • preserve the bungalow’s character-defining hip roof, distinguish it from the non-historic two-story addition, and increase the addition’s compatibility with a rear roof-slope structural hyphen • distinguish new construction from old through differentiated siding • reduce the visibility and impact of the new garage and second-story dwelling unit by massing it at the rear of the lot at maximum distance from the primary residence, one- story Master List Teresa Torres True House next door, and one-story Virginia Levering Latimer House across the street In addition, applicants propose to replace the poor replacement sash windows with higher quality replicas of the originals based on the late 1980s Barron Wiley photograph. These measures address both the letter and spirit of SOI Standards to preserve the integrity of the Colonial Revival bungalow to communicate its significance. City of San Luis Obispo’s Historic Preservation Program Guidelines Paragraph 3.4.2, “Percent of historic resource to be preserved,” states that “alterations of historically- listed buildings shall retain at least 75 percent of the original building framework, roof, and exterior bearing walls and cladding, in total, and reuse original materials as feasible.” The roof hyphen will be a reversible addition to the original roof structure; the current roof cladding is not original. The framework of the Colonial Revival bungalow is almost certainly a perimeter balloon frame, hence identical to the bearing walls. The extant original perimeter structure and wall cladding (i.e., minus the non-historic rear additions) is approximately 100 linear feet, of which approximately 8 percent at the rear will be removed. An additional 3 percent of cladding will be removed for shifted windows—at approximately 11 percent, well below the 25 percent maximum. James Papp, PhD | Historian & Architectural Historian 964 Chorro Street, San Luis Obispo | 13 April 2023 Page 33 of 90 6 Contents Introduction 1 Summary Conclusion 2 Timeline 7 Historic Context of the Mill Street Historic District 11 Ownership and Construction 13 Aerial Views 15 Historic Significance 16 Architectural Significance 19 Period of Significance 22 Integrity 23 Appropriateness of Proposed Changes to SOI Standards and 26 City of San Luis Obispo Historic Preservation Program Guidelines Conclusion 30 Page 34 of 90 7 Timeline 1870 Lot 4, block 39 appears on the Harris and Ward Map, the earliest extant map of San Luis Obispo subdivisions. The owner unrecorded, it appears to belong to the township. 1889 May 28 Viola B. Fletcher transfers to William Buckley lot 4, block 39 (“At the Recorder’s Office: Tuesday,” Tribune, 30 May 1889, p. 4). 1899 Sinsheimer Brothers are taxed on easterly third of lot 4, block 39 (later 1220 Mill Street) (Tribune, 4 Feb. 1899, p. 3). 1907 Panoramic photograph of San Luis Obispo from Terrace Hill shows no structure at 1220 Mill. 1910 US Census records telephone electrician John Charles Dunn, his wife Genevieve, and their daughter Helen as living at 1220 Mill, next door to the the Teresa Torres True family at 1214 and Julius and Louisa Torres Robasciotti at 1202. Dunn, chief of wires of the district for Pacific Telephone and Telegraph, has resided in San Luis Obispo at least from 1907 (“Return from Eastern Visit,” Telegram, 12 July 1907, p. 8). 1912 A “five-room modern cottage, close in; good location” is advertised for sale: “apply at 1220 Mill St.” (Telegram, 1 Mar., p. 4). J. C. and Mrs. Dunn reported as living at 1220 Mill, when his cousin, a female physician in Los Angeles, removes their infant son’s adenoids (“Southern Doctor Here,” Telegram, 5 June, p. 5). 1916 Teresa True of 2014 Mill is offering 1220 Mill for rent as five-room furnished house (“For Rent,” Telegram, 22 Mar., p. 1). 1917 Mr. and Mrs. H. J. Lawton are living at 1220 Mill (“Going North,” Daily Telegram, 15 Feb., p. 5). 1919 Victor Torres—Teresa True and Louisa Robasciotti’s brother—moves from the Foxen Apartments to 1220 Mill with his family (“Move Into New Home,” San Luis Obispo Daily Telegram, 4 Mar., p. 7). Victor, operator of an auto passenger and freight stage between Simmler and Santa Margarita, later in the year extends the service to San Luis Obispo (“County Supervisors: Official Proceedings of the Board,” Telegram, 14 July, p. 6). Aug. 3 Hazel, youngest daughter of Teresa Torres True, marries bookkeeper Harold Stewart of San Francisco (“Mission is Scene of Sunday Wedding,” Telegram, 4 Aug. 1919, p. 5). 1921 1220 Mill is advertised for rent (Telegram, 5 Mar., p. 5) 1922 Aug. 17 Hazel Stewart, now of San Francisco, is listed as owner and petitioner on an application for a $500 10’x20’ frame residence, “2 rooms & kitchenette,” on lot 4, block 39, “Mill & Toro.” This appears to be the ADU at 1220 Mill. Page 35 of 90 8 1923 Aug. 27 A building permit application for a $200 16’x24’ one-story frame garage on “E[aster]ly 1/3 of lot” 4, roughly matching the dimensions and materials of the current garage, lists the property owner as Hazel Stewart. 1924 The five-room furnished primary residence at 1220 Mill is advertised for rent (Telegram, 9 Jan., p. 4). 1925 A three-room furnished bungalow at 1220 Mill is advertised for rent, suggesting the ADU has been widened (Telegram, 25 June, p. 7). “Mr. and Mrs. L. H. Penland} (possibly plasterer and laundry owner E. H. Penlands) rent the front house in June (“Take House,” Telegram, 29 June, p. 4). 1926 The Sanborn Map shows the rear additions to the primary residence; the ADU with an eastern section of approximately 12’x24’ and western extension approximately 6’ wide; and an approximately 16’x24’ garage. 1927 Sep. 22 A permit application listing Victor Torres as owner of 1220 Mill seeks a 12’x12’ addition of a room, most plausibly to the rear of the ADU. 1929 Jan. 31 Victor and Eva Torres take out a $3,000 mortgage on part lot 4, block 39. 1930 The US Census lists Victor Torres as the owner of 1220 Mill. Victor, by now a laundry wringer man, and his wife Eva, a laundry finisher, live there with their two children. In the rear bungalow live Chinese-born bookkeeper Jack Wong, his California-born wife Bessie Chin, and their infant son Henry. 1931 Sep. 7 During a failed holdup, Wong is coshed and gagged in the driveway of 1220 Mill, shoots Filipino John Inego, one of his assailants, in the back, and neighbors summon the police. Inego engages the police in a gun fight and is further wounded in the leg and arm but survives. His accomplice escapes. By November, Wong founds Shanghai Low restaurant at 830 Palm with W. H. Harry. Wong sells out in 1934 and leaves town, but Shanghai Low endures till 1990. (10 Nov. Telegram ad [with wrong address] at right.) 1932 The Wongs are living in Chinatown (“Milestones,” Pismo Times, 1 July, p. 8). Page 36 of 90 9 1937 Feb. 1 US Army aerial photograph shows ADU extended back as far as the garage. 3 Victor and Eva Torres transfer deed of part lot 4, block 39 to Anna Buechler (county land records). It will be an investment property: Leonard (elected county coroner 1939–1955) and Anna Buechler never live there. 1938 Hearst Castle Deputy Sheriff John Nolan, wife Annie, and children are living at 1220 Mill; nurseryman Jene Yocum, wife Louise at 1220½ (City Directory). 1939 Mrs. Lulu Lewis, cook at the General Hospital, is living at 1220 Mill (“Whist Games Diversion for Paso Tiempo Club,” Telegram, 2 Mar., p. 2). 1939–1942 City Directory and US Census show hotel bellman and later sheet metal worker Steve G. Collins and wife Verla living at 1220½. 1940–1942 US Census and City Directory show Lloyd E. and Martha Tiernan living at 1220 Mill. Lloyd is publisher, Martha editor of weekly San Luis Obispo Independent. In 1944 Lloyd will lose a squeaker election for State Assembly. 1947 Deputy Sheriff Schuyler Wiley and wife are living at 1220½ (“Deputy Wiley Dies at Vet Hospital,” Telegram, 12 Feb., p. 2). 1948–1951 The Winters family is living at 1220 Mill (Telegram: “Miss Mallory and John Maes Wed in Mission Ceremony,” 9 Feb. 1948, p. 2; “Marriage Licenses,” 7 Nov. 1951, p. 7). 1950 US Census shows fifth grade schoolteacher Daniel Winters and wife Ruth living at 1220 Mill; feed store clerk Bernard Silva, wife Sophia, daughter Elaine, and son Bernard, Jr. at 1220½. 1953 Campbell’s Restaurant Supply salesman Ronald Johns and wife Barbara are living at 1220 (City Directory); student William Boone and wife Bernice, secretary, at 1220½. 1954 Mr. and Mrs. Jesus Benitez and new son Jay Edward are living at 1220½ (Sammy Luis, “Sammy Is Busy as an Atomic Bee Greeting 26 Arrivals,” Telegram, 16 Feb. 1954, p. 4). 1954–1955 Salesman Carl Legg (Peerless Baking), wife Reneen, and daughter Michelle (right) are at 1220 (Telegram: “Theta Psi Chapter Will Hold Dinner Dance,” 10 June 1954, p. 6; “Biggest Doll,” 25 July 1955, p. 5). Page 37 of 90 10 1957 Mr. and Mrs. James Leonard and new son are living at 1220½ Mill (Sammy Luis, “Little Miss Schwabenland’s New Brother Born This Week,” Telegram, 4 Nov. 1957, p. 5). 1956–1958 Junior high school teacher Robert W. Thomsen and wife Rose and children are living at 1220 Mill (City Directory and Sammy Luis, “Girls Take 14–8 Win Over Boys in Sammy’s Junior Olympics,” Telegram, 4 Sep. 1956, p. 4). 1958–1960 Student Gregory Lighthouse, Jr. and wife Mildred are at 1220½ (City Directory). 1960 Mrs. Eleanor Vega is living at 1220 1961 Vega and widow Cecilia Isola are living at 1220; student James Stireman and wife Linda at 1220½. 1967–1973 Widow Irene Garcia is living at 1220 and Cecilia Isola at 1220½; Garcia occupies 1220 into the 1980s. Page 38 of 90 11 Historic Context of the Mill Street Historic District The Mill Street Historic District occupies part of what was called, during the twentieth century, Fremont Heights, based on earthworks thrown up by John C. Frémont’s battalion at (according to Myron Angel) Mill and Morro (History of San Luis Obispo County [Berkeley: Howell-North, 1966], p. 88). The Fremont Heights Professional Center, now Fremont Plaza—built in 1968 on part of the campus of the former Fremont Elementary School on Peach between Toro Street and Johnson Avenue—is the last reference to this name. Fremont Heights in the 1870 Harris and Ward Map. Sycamore would become Walnut; Fig, the freeway. Block 39 corners the edge of town, later extended by the Hathway and Phillips Additions. The 1886 Sanborn Map includes only a small, sparsely built part of Palm Street east of Santa Rosa from this area. The 1891 Sanborn shows extensive construction on Palm but little on Peach or Mill. (The block bound by Mill, Toro, Peach, and Johnson—where 1220 Mill is located—had only two dwelling, both now demolished. A few others of the area survive, however, including the 1889 Eastlake–Colonial Revival Righetti (Graves) House (at the northeast corner of Palm and Johnson) and circa 1888 Italianate Virginia Levering Latimer House (at the southeast corner of Mill and Toro). The 1905 Sanborn shows nine dwellings on the 1200 block of Mill. The north side of the 1300 block would boom about this time, with the 1905 japoniste Shingle style Page House (1344), 1906 Shingle High Peak Colonial Smith and Prairie School Anderson Houses of the first two directors of Cal Poly (1306 and 1318), and Chalet style Muscio House (1909). Page 39 of 90 12 The area continued to fill in through the 1940s with an eclectic collection of Colonial Revival, California Bungalow, Mission and Spanish Revival, Greek Revival, Normandy Revival, Art Deco, and Streamline Moderne houses and small apartment buildings. More than any other historic district in San Luis Obispo, Mill Street is defined by its dense architectural eclecticism. The one-sixth-block lots originally envisaged in the 1870 Harris and Ward Map—possibly based on the William Hutton and William Parker maps of the early 1850s)—would be chopped into thirds, fourths, and fifths, each packed with houses, cottages, and garages. Page 40 of 90 13 Ownership and Construction Early ownership of the lot at 1220 Mill The property is the eastern of three parts of lot 4, block 39. Lot 4 consists of the southwest sixth of the block between Toro, Peach, Essex (now Johnson), and Mill, at the northeast corner of Toro and Mill. It now comprises 1202, 1214, and 1220 Mill Street and 780 and 780½ Toro. The first newspaper record of ownership appears in 1889 when Viola Burris Fletcher transferred the lot to William Buckley. Fletcher, of Paso Robles, was involved in numerous property transactions in San Luis Obispo and Pismo in the late 1880s and early 1890s, including suing John Price. Sinsheimer Brothers had the lot by the 1890s. Though the Sinsheimers are historically significant, they disposed of the land before any of the structures at 1220 Mill were built. They sold part of the lot, possibly the western two- thirds, to Nellie Estrada in 1896 (“Recorder’s Office,” Tribune, 20 Mar. 1896, p. 2), being taxed on the easterly third—1220 Mill—in 1899 (see Timeline). The Torres family—at least Louisa Torres Robasciotti and Teresa Torres True—probably acquired the western part of lot 4 from Estrada. At any rate, by the 1900 US Census, Louisa and her husband Julius Robasciotti were living at 1202 (then 1200) and Teresa True at 1214 Mill Street (US Census). Louisa (born 1867) and Julius married in 1890; Teresa (born 1860) divorced her husband H. M. True in 1893. The Torreses were supposed to be a Californio family, their mother Isabel born in San Luis Obispo in 1844 and accorded the honorific Doña by the Telegram at her death (“Pioneer Resident Dies,” 20 Nov. 1913, p. 1). Their father may have been Victor M. Torres, a Pozo rancher. In 1910, the Robasciottis were still at 1202 and Teresa True and her thirteen-year-old daughter Hazel at 1214. 1220 was offered for sale in March 1912, when the Dunns were still living there; in 1916, Teresa True was advertising 1220 as a furnished rental, so if she had not owned it before, she owned it by then. In 1919 their brother Victor R. Torres and his family moved from the Foxen Apartments to 1220, but in 1922 and 1923 permit applications, Teresa’s daughter Hazel was listed as owner and petitioner. Circa 1921 Teresa moved to San Francisco to live with Hazel and died in 1924, at which time Teresa’s son Harry J. True listed 1214 as his home (“Death Claims Old Resident,” San Luis Obispo Daily Telegram, 15 Sep. 1924, p. 8). A 1927 permit application and the 1930 US Census describe Victor Torres as the owner, but though he is documented as moving there in 1919 and living there in 1930, the primary residence was advertised for rent in 1925, and the county telephone directory has him living at 752 Buchon in 1928. Victor and Eva Torres sold the property in 1937 to Ann Buechler, who appears to have used it purely as an income investment, living elsewhere with her husband, the county coroner. The Torreses are interesting illustrations of their class but not historically significant as having gained importance in their profession or group, a fact established when the Teresa Torres True House at 1214 Mill Street was Master Listed for architectural embodiment rather than, as was applied for, historic association with Teresa as a single mother and self- employed seamstress. In addition, the Torres connection to 1220 is irregular, as even the primary residence was more often being rented than occupied by the family. Page 41 of 90 14 Dates of construction at 1220 Mill None of the structures at 1220 Mill appears on the August 1905 Sanborn Map, though the Julius and Louisa Robasciotti and Teresa Torres True Houses, 1202 and 1214 Mill, do. The early 1907 four-part panoramic photograph of San Luis Obispo (Cal Poly Special Collections and Archives) shows the Robasciotti and True houses, but there is still no structure at 1220. • Primary residence In the 1910 census, however, John Charles Dunn, a telephone electrician, chief of wires for Pacific Telephone and Telegraph of the district; his wife Genevieve; and their daughter Helen are listed as living at 1220 Mill, next door to the True family at 1214. Thus a construction date of circa 1908– 1909 is established, and this is consistent with the Colonial Revival bungalow style of the house. • Accessory dwelling unit Hazel Stewart, daughter of Teresa Torres True, is listed as owner and petitioner on a 17 August 1922 application for a $500 10’x20’ frame residence, “2 rooms & kitchenette,” on block 39, lot 4, “Mill & Toro.” This diminutive bungalow, which seems to have ended up as closer to 12’x24’, appears to be the original section of the unit behind the primary dwelling at 1220 Mill along the east property line, its roof ridge now asymmetric as additions have accrued to the west. The 1926–1956 Sanborn Map shows the first addition by 1926, and a 1927 permit application by then owner Victor R. Torres and 1937 aerial photograph document extension toward the back, originally of 12’x12’ feet but ultimately widened to the roughly 18’ width of the house. • Garage The 27 August 1923 building permit application for a $200 16’x24’ one-story frame garage on “E[aster]ly 1/3 of lot” 4 roughly matches the dimensions and materials of the current garage. The garage shows no documentary or physical evidence of subsequent addition or subtraction. Page 42 of 90 15 Aerial Views 1220 Mill Street 1926–1956 Sanborn Map. A paste-over without evidence of previous building showing through may record the entry porch or merely the 1222 address. 1 Feb. 1937 aerial photograph, showing the rear extension of the ADU (2) toward the corner of the garage (AXH-1937 frame 40, US Army for USDA). 1 Jan. 1949 (AXH-1949 frame 3F-163 Park Aerial Surveys for USDA). The full width of the ADU’s rear extension is now apparent. No further changes are recorded after 1949. 1965 Current Google Satellite view, consistent with aerial views from 1949 and 1965. Page 43 of 90 16 Historic Significance Events The only notable event recorded at 1220 Mill was a shootout in 1931 involving ADU tenant Jack Wong, his attacker John Inego, and the San Luis Obispo Police Department. (Wong was later reported by the Monday Club Pageant of Nations (Telegram, 25 June 1934, p. 5) to be a cousin of the family of Ah Louis [Wong On], but film star Anna May Wong was also accorded this distinction.) Jack Wong’s first introduction to Telegram readers was in 1929 on his arrest and trial for running a Chinatown lottery game where a ticket had been sold to the chief of police. This was the start of what was billed as a “cleanup of Chinatown,” but it ultimately resulted in a hung jury (“Gambling, Blind Pigs Face Drive,” Daily Telegram, 14 Jan. 1929, p. 1; “Jury Disagrees,” Daily Telegram, 27 Feb. 1929, p. 1). On 6 September 1931, Jack Wong was coshed and gagged in the driveway of 1220 Mill by two assailants disguised, remarkably, with ink mustaches. Wong drew a gun and shot one in the back, neighbors summoned the police, and a gunfight ensued in which the already wounded assailant was shot in the leg and arm and the other fled (“Filipino Is Wounded by Own Victim,” Daily Telegram, 8 Sep. 1931, p. 1). The fact that Jack Wong was targeted, packing a gun, and had the presence of mind after being coshed and gagged to shoot one assailant in the back confirms his underworld bonafides. By 1932 the Wong family, perhaps too hot for Fremont Heights, was living in Chinatown. Two months after the shooting, Wong and lottery co-defendant W. H. Harry opened Shanghai Low, named after the legendary San Francisco restaurant. The humility of the Western False Front Commercial venue and grandeur of the neon sign (preserved from Shanghai Low’s demolished second home and now suspended from the Hotel SLO) suggest that the sign may have been acquired second hand and dictated the name of the restaurant. The original Shanghai Low was a byword for elegance in San Francisco’s Chinatown since the 1910s, and there were Shanghai Lows throughout the West. Wong sold out in 1934 and subsequently dropped out of San Luis Obispo reportage (“Notice,” Daily Telegram, 9 June 1934, p. 5). The Gin family ran Shanghai Low till 1990, when it became Wild Billy Wong’s Chinese barbeque (Gardiner Harris, “East Meets West at New SLO Eatery,” Telegram- Tribune, 8 Nov. 1990, p. 26). Page 44 of 90 17 Shanghai Low had moved to the south side of Palm in 1950 after the city tore down the north side for a parking lot. When the city wanted to tear down the south side for a parking structure, George Gin refused to move a second time, forcing the city to build the parking structure on the north side. Shanghai Low sign, advertising chop suey, looming above its premises, left of center. To its immediate right is the Luzon Co., demonstrating Chinatown’s Filipino presence. The Ah Louis Store is at the end of the block, with Addison Chong’s Chow Mein (later Richard Chong’s candy store) across Chorro. The 1220 Mill Shooting is a dramatic event in San Luis Obispo’s underreported Asian American history. The city’s newer neighborhoods (Mount Pleasanton Square, Anholm, Fixlini, and Monterey Heights) were officially covenanted against Asian residents, but that did not prevent informal discrimination in other neighborhoods, so it is notable that the Wongs were living several blocks from Chinatown. Significantly, all the African Americans in San Luis Obispo in 1940 appear to have been living in Japantown, and many of Chinatown’s occupants in the 1920s and 1930s, as well as its businesses, were Japanese and Filipino. San Luis Obispo was highly ghettoized—though its Asian residents had never been slaughtered (San Miguel), driven out (Arroyo Grande), or covenanted out of the entire town (Atascadero). Wong’s connection to the Chinatown underworld and his co-founding of Shanghai Low, a pillar of Chinatown for nearly sixty years, also add interest. But as interesting as the Mill Street Shootout is, it is not a specific event marking an important moment in local history, neither is it part of a pattern of events or historic trend that made a significant contribution to the development of the community. It is a one-off with no trend-setting results. Shanghai Low was certainly a historically significant institution, but Wong’s association with it was less than three years, his documented association with 1220½ Mill even more brief. Finally, Page 45 of 90 18 the assault and shooting are documented to have taken place in the driveway, not in any of the lot’s three structures. Persons The bungalows at 1220 and 1220½ Mill Street, like most modest bungalows in San Luis Obispo, were generally not occupied by leaders of professions or groups—i.e., historically significant persons—during the period of their leadership. In addition, given that both these bungalows generally functioned as rentals, no occupants seem to have stayed long enough—usually considered about fifteen years—to establish historic association, even if they had been historically significant. Teachers, salesmen, service workers, widows, and married students formed the tenants of the property. One exception is Martha Tiernan, pioneering woman editor of the Barstow Printer from 1916 to 1936 and editor and co-owner of the weekly San Luis Obispo Independent, later SLO Reporter, from 1937 to 1957 (“SLO Woman Editor Mrs. Tiernan Passes,” Arroyo Grande Valley Herald-Recorder, 26 Feb. 1958, p. 2). Her husband, Lloyd Tiernan, editor and publisher of the weekly Reedley Exponent 1910–1913, served as publisher of the Independent and Reporter and ran as the Republican candidate for State Assembly in 1944, losing by 78 votes out of 37,476 cast. There is no documentation, however, that they lived at 1220 Mill beyond 1940–1942, and other tenants are documented to have lived there in 1939 and 1948, which means the Tiernans could at most have spent seven years there, generally not long enough to establish historic association. Another potentially historic connection is Jack Wong, co-founder of Shanghai Low, a Chinatown institution for almost sixty years. But Wong was connected with Shanghai Low only from 1931 to 1934 and is documented as having moved from 1220½ Mill seven months after he co-founded the restaurant: again, too brief a connection to constitute historic association. Page 46 of 90 19 Architectural Significance Structure 1: Primary Residence (1220 Mill) The circa 1908–1909 bungalow at 1220 Mill exhibits defining characteristics of the Colonial Revival style, including • low-pitched hip roof • blank frieze and corner boards on all sides • sash windows with broad, flat, undecorated frames on all sides • asymmetric street façade with entry porch supported by, in this case, a single Tuscan column; tripartite flat front window, echoing a canted bay; accent window; and single- paned door with window molding and panels • west façade with canted bay at dado height displaying blank central panel and twinned windows above dado height • east façade with singleton windows at dado- and above-dado height • rear façade with singleton window descended from frieze 1220 Mill from the street, from southwest and southeast The unusual element of 1220 is the combination of novelty siding (narrow clapboard) with a shingle dado. Novelty siding is characteristic of Colonial Revival bungalows. Shingle siding is also characteristic of Colonial Revival bungalows. The combination of shingle siding with clapboard is rare, though such an exemplar as McKim, Meade, and White’s 1886 Oakswood has this. Local examples include the Master List Dutton House (1426 Broad), with first floor novelty siding and second floor shingle siding, and Marshall (Naylor) House (785 Buchon), with clapboard base, novelty siding on the first floor, and shingled gables. Where shingles are used as a partial siding in Colonial Revival architecture, it is usually with a base of stone, brick, or clapboard, the upper wall shingles then transitioning to roof shingles. It is quite unusual for shingles to form the base rather than the upper siding. But the 1905 Pismo Inn, in its time a notable local Colonial Revival edifice, combined a stone base, shiplap wings, shingle towers, and composition roof. Closer to home, the Master List 1905 Stanton House (752 Buchon), 1908 Kaiser House (751 Buchon), and 1910 Bradbury House (745 Buchon) all have novelty siding with shingle dados. Architectural embodiment does not entail slavish conformity to a particular pattern, and certainly 1220 Page 47 of 90 20 Mill is significant for embodying the spatial and decorative elements of Colonial Revival in one of the rarer combinations of exterior fabric. Structure 2: Accessory Dwelling Unit (1220½ Mill) The core of 1220½, the 12’x24’ two-room cottage, likely had a low-pitched front gable, deep eaves, bargeboards, and knee brackets in emulation of the California Bungalow (aka American Craftsman), but 1922 was well past the California Bungalow’s circa 1905–1918 heyday. Virtually overnight in early 1918, Lutyensesque revival styles replaced Craftsman plans in newspaper building sections, and William Randolph Hearst, who asked Julia Morgan in April 1919 to design him a “Jappo-Swisso bungalow,” immediately changed his mind for the Lutyensesque Hearst Castle. Subsequently, California Bungalow decorative reference was used to spruce up cheaply built spec houses (like 1013 Ella Street, removed from the Contributing List in 2019) and linear cottages with railroad interiors. Central to architectural embodiment are not only canonical decorative reference and repertoire of materials but spatial expression. In other words, each different architectural style has a different treatment of space, fabric, and the decorative forms of functional elements. At left, typical Contributing List California Bungalow at 2020 Ruth Street, with large entry/lounging porch echoing the main gable, stylized attic vent, full set of knee brackets, muscular square columns and bases, and rhythmically arranged muntined windows embodying the style. Compare 1220½ Mill at right, with only low-pitched gable, deep eaves, and flimsy knee brackets in superficial reference. The spatial essence of the California Bungalow is the transition of interior to exterior space in the form of lounging and sleeping porches and pergolas that showed adaptation to the California climate. This is what 1220½ most conspicuously lacked (and lacks) as a rectangular cottage. Another spatial feature—a Japanese variation on the original Swiss chalet–inspired mass—was the juxtaposition of gables. The pre-1926 west-facing pushout on the original front-to-back linear cottage mimics this (above) and also allows of a small entry porch. Then came the 1927 12’x12’ rear addition, which was then extended west with a six-foot lean-to. Plus a utility closet added to the gable pushout. The overall effect is not of intentional design, as with Contributing List California Bungalows, but agglutinative clutter. The clapboard siding and porch lack the deep shaping characteristic of these fabrics in embodied California Bungalows, and other features are equally perfunctory, with rafter tails and bargeboards unshaped, attic vents missing, knee braces chintzy and the crest Page 48 of 90 21 brace absent, and the sole support (Craftsman favored pairs and triplets) a four-by-four post rather than elephant leg column. Even humble California Bungalows of the core period—like these circa 1910 in Avila, with shaped siding (right), birdsmouth bargeboards (left), rounded rafter tails (right), knee-braced window box (right), and loungeable elephant-leg-columned entry porches (left and right)—made an honest attempt to capture the spatial, fabric, and decorative characteristics of the style in the way 1220½ doesn’t bother with. Structure 3: Garage An unknown number of single-wall load-bearing or box frame houses and additions, and even one apartment house, survive in San Luis, built from circa 1865 (the Simmler Adobe wings) to the 1890s (the so-called Call [Chicago] Hotel). Box frame garages and other outbuildings were commonly built well into the 1920s, and a much larger number of these survive, though they have also never been surveyed, and the CHC has shown no past interest in preserving them (despite my encouragement). The box frame’s vertical boards and battens and connective two-by-fours at top and base were the workhorses of the boomtown. The clapboard front and board and batten east side of the garage In the Western False Front Commercial Style, it was fairly common to have a box frame structure and more respectable clapboard shiplap front, often with both equally visible to the viewer but with the claim for respectability having been established. This garage is not in the Western False Front style, however—though the motivation of its clapboard front is probably similar. The combination of building methods is an oddity in this type of structure. Were the CHC in future to take an interest in surveying box frame outbuildings, examples that embodied the method of construction, rather than unusual hybrids, would be the ones to focus on preserving. Page 49 of 90 22 Period of Significance Absent association with a historic event or person, the architectural significance of 1220 Mill, the primary residence, would be its date of construction, circa 1908–1909. 1202½ Mill, the ADU, and the garage do not appear to be architecturally significant, but if they were judged to be, absent of historic association, their periods of significance would also be their 1922 and 1923 dates of construction, respectively. Page 50 of 90 23 Integrity Structure 1: Primary Residence (1220 Mill) Location 1220 Mill retains its original location, at least as documented by 1926. Design 1220 Mill largely retains its original design, apart from two additions to the back, one with the same novelty and shingle siding and a further extension of board and batten. Setting The low-built suburban setting is largely the same though somewhat more dense than circa 1908–1909. The neighboring Torres True and Robasciotti houses survive, as do the Latimer House and 1165 Mill across the street, the Shipsey and Smith Houses down the block, and a number of others predating 1220 Mill and visible to a street observer of the bungalow. Materials The novelty and shingle siding, window and door frames, and front door all appear to be original. South and west facing sashes have been replaced with new ones. Workmanship Integrity of workmanship reflects integrity of materials. Feeling Feeling, as a combination of the aspects above, is intact. The house gives the same impression as it would in 1910. Association Absent association with a historic person or event, association is not relevant. Structure 2: Accessory Dwelling Unit (1220½ Mill) Location The position of the 1922 dwelling on the 1926 Sanborn Map shows the same location as today. Page 51 of 90 24 Design The 1922 permit application describes a rectangular cottage, which appears to have been built 12’x24’ rather than the 10’x20’ applied for. The fact that the current roof crest, parallel to the lot, is off-center confirms this was the original configuration. By the 1926 Sanborn Map, the cottage had been widened with its cross gable, as a northwest section with no paste-over clearly attests. Given that no alternate structure shows through the backlit page, it appears the paste-over was done for the purpose of adding a 1222 address for the ADU, conceivably also for adding the entry porch, which was not atypical of the detail of Sanborn Map alteration. The 1927 permit was to add a 12’x12’ extension at the rear. The 1937 aerial photograph is not crisp, but it may record this narrow extension. By the time of the 1949 aerial photo, however, the extension has clearly been widened to match the rest of the structure. (Neither of these changes are recorded on the Sanborn Map.) An exterior utility closet has also since been added to the cross gable front. The facts that the front window is of exaggerated size for a California Bungalow and that it lacks the same slightly extended lintel bar of the other windows suggests it is a 1960s or 1970s alteration, given the window hardware. It dates before Barron Wiley’s 1980s photograph. In short, the integrity of the original design has been severely compromised spatially, though the four-light and vertically paneled front door may be original, and the deep overhang of the front gable is likely original, as are the bargeboards and sole remaining of originally paired faux knee braces. Setting The setting integrity of 1220½ is consistent with that of 1220, as this section of Mill Street did not undergo dramatic change between circa 1908–1909 and 1922. Materials Clapboard fabric of the original ADU appears original on the east side and front, and the front bargeboards and remaining front knee brace are likely original as well. The west and rear fabric dates from the times of addition. The rear bargeboards and three knee braces (right) may be recycled from the rear of the cottage before extension, But given that these bargeboards are cut to accommodate the traditional three knee braces rather than the front’s minimally performative two, this seems unlikely. Workmanship As with materials, half of the original has been replaced, including the more visible west and rear façades and the front façade window. Feeling Though location and setting remain, design, materials, and workmanship have been so extensively changed that the feeling of the original 1922 cottage—since doubled in size—does not remain. Association Absent association with a historic person or event, association is not relevant. Page 52 of 90 25 Structure 3: Garage Location The location of the 1923 garage matches that in the 1926 Sanborn map. Design The size and configuration of the garage does not appear to have changed from the 1926 Sanborn, and given that it was a utilitarian structure at the back of the lot, it seems unlikely that its design would have changed. Given the history of False Front Commercial buildings in the Old West, the combination of a balloon frame clapboard front with box frame back is easily conceivable as the original design. Setting As with the 1922 ADU and circa 1908–1909 primary residence, the garage largely retains its original setting. Materials The garage appears to retain its original exterior materials, including walls (which on sides and rear function as both structure and fabric) and doors. Later additions of plywood floor and underflooring and interior posts and beams for shoring do not detract from this. The roof has been replaced with modern plywood. Single-wall load-bearing vertical boards with connecting upper two-by-four in background, plus added post and beams in foreground Workmanship As with materials, exterior workmanship appears to be predominately original. Feeling In the combination of the previous five aspects, feeling is intact. Association Absent association with a historic person or event, association is not relevant. Absent significance, however, the garage’s integrity cannot communicate significance. Page 53 of 90 26 Appropriateness of Proposed Changes to SOI Standards Applicants Tricia and Michael Mitchell’s proposal is to • enlarge the five-room primary residence by adding a two-story extension of the same width on the rear, and • build an accessory dwelling unit above a new garage at the rear of the lot The necessity is to accomplish this to the Secretary of the Interior Standards for Rehabilitation and the City of San Luis Obispo’s Historic Preservation Program Guidelines. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation To extend the historic resource to the rear and build a modern ADU and garage will require demolition of the 1922 ADU, 1923 garage, and later additions to the rear of the ca 1908–1909 Colonial Revival bungalow. Neither the ADU, garage, nor the novelty/shingle and board and batten rear extensions qualify through significance as historic resources; therefore, SOI Standards do not prevent their demolition. Under SOI Standards for Rehabilitation, however, it is necessary to • retain and preserve the historic character of the historic property [the Colonial Revival bungalow] through avoiding the removal of distinctive materials or alteration of features, spaces and spatial relationships that characterize the historic property • make the new additions compatible with the historic materials, features, size, scale and proportion, and massing • differentiate the new from the old • make the additions reversible, to leave the form and integrity of the resource and its environment unimpaired should the additions be reversed in the future Retention and preservation of historic character Professional analysis of and recommendations for repair to fabric and features of the primary residence, e.g., porch Page 54 of 90 27 structure and soffits, have followed SOI Standards of repair and minimal replacement of damaged materials only, rather than wholesale replacement. The Mitchells will not be altering the street façade, whose character-defining features include the asymmetric entry porch with single Tuscan column, original side-facing entry door, accent window, and tripartite window. Nor will they be altering the character- defining features of blank frieze, novelty siding, shingle dado, and dado rail around the front and sides of the house, except by extending the back of the house. In order to accommodate interior alteration, they propose to move the positions of the west façade’s twinned window and one of the east façade’s singleton windows, which will not alter the ability of the house to communicate its architectural significance. In order to bring more light into the house, they propose replacing the blank central panel of the west façade’s canted bay with a window. This is a minimal intervention that will also not alter the ability of the house to communicate its architectural significance. Compatibility To achieve compatibility with the historic bungalow, the two-story addition—with a slightly smaller footprint than the original bungalow on the ground floor, slightly larger on the second floor—will be massed toward the rear, employing the same width as the original bungalow and the same floor heights. It will also echo some window forms (sash and singleton, twinned, and tripartite windows) and, like the original, use a hip roof. So the addition will not rise, as it were, like a sore thumb, it will employ a transitional roof ridge of reduced height and width behind the original hip roof (see p. 24). This elegant solution was suggested by the Contributing List 641 Buchon. Page 55 of 90 28 Compatibility of the garage-ADU will come from its massing at the rear of the lot, as far as possible from the historic resource; the blocking of its view by the two-story rear addition; its echo of window forms; and hip roof. Differentiation The two-story rear addition and garage-ADU will be differentiated by siding form. This can be seen used effectively on the rear apartment extension of the Contributing List Colonial Revival bungalow at 1160 Leff (below). Repair Limited areas of wood have been recommended by experts for replacement because of dry rot. The novelty siding and dado shingles of the east and west façades appear to be in a good state of preservation. The street façade, facing south, shows more degradation of both materials, though, under SOI Standards, these distinctive features “will be repaired rather than replaced,” except where “severity of deterioration requires replacement,” when “the new feature[s] will match the old in design, color, texture, and, where possible, materials.” Reversibility The historic bungalow’s front façade will not be altered. Repositioning of the twinned and singleton windows and addition of a new window in the center of the canted bay will be feasibly reversible, as will be the two-story addition and roof ridge hyphen and the ADU-garage. The circa eight feet of original rear wall removal will not be reversible, but most of the rear wall is already altered with additions. City of San Luis Obispo’s Historic Preservation Program Guidelines Paragraph 3.4.2, “Percent of historic resource to be preserved,” states that “alterations of historically- listed buildings shall retain at least 75 percent of the original building framework, roof, and exterior bearing walls and cladding, in total, and reuse original materials as feasible.” The roof hyphen will be a reversible addition to the original roof structure; the current roof cladding is not original. The framework of the Colonial Revival bungalow is almost certainly a perimeter balloon frame, hence identical to the bearing walls. The extant original perimeter structure and wall cladding (i.e., minus the non-historic rear additions) is approximately 100 linear feet, of which approximately 8 percent at the rear will be removed. An additional 3 percent of cladding will be removed for shifted windows—at approximately 11 percent, well below the 25 percent maximum. Page 56 of 90 29 Fenestration In addition, applicants propose to replace the poor replacement sash windows with higher quality replicas of the originals based on the late 1980s Barron Wiley photograph. These measures address both the letter and spirit of SOI Standards to preserve the integrity of the Colonial Revival bungalow to communicate its significance. Page 57 of 90 30 Conclusion 1220 Mill Street is a sensitive site: a Contributing List property in a historic district adjacent to recently Master Listed one-story properties next door and across the street: the Teresa Torres True House, which I approved for Master List status while on the CHC, and the Virginia Levering Latimer House, for which I wrote the application for Master List status. Therefore, as a historic resource consultant, I have treated the site with particular care and thoroughness. I am happy to say the applicants, Michael and Tricia Mitchell, and the architects, Dana and Logan Hunter, have been extraordinarily responsive to my concerns. The primary residence at 1220 Mill embodies the hip roofed, asymmetric, streamlined Colonial Revival bungalow. The unusual combination of novelty siding and shingle dado echoes the Master List Stanton, Kaiser, and Bradbury Houses of San Luis Obispo’s Nob Hill while contributing significantly to the eclecticism of Fremont Heights. It even caught the eye in the 1980s of that indefatigable recorder of the city’s architectural history, Professor Barron Wiley, and its integrity has suffered little over the intervening forty years. The job of an architectural historian is to distinguish the historic from the merely old. The 1922 ADU and 1923 garage are old but do not meet the objective standards of historic or architectural significance. It is not the job of an architectural historian to consider the goals of greater housing density but rather to make sure that the Secretary of the Interior Standards and, in San Luis, the Historic Preservation Program Guidelines are complied with under the precedents and practice of the community. In the proposed design, however, the architects have achieved that compliance while also achieving density. The Colonial Revival bungalow at 1220 Mill will retain the ability to communicate its significance, and should a future generation choose to reverse the changes, this would be eminently feasible. Page 58 of 90 10/2/2023 Item 6a ‐ Staff Presentation 1 ARCH-0613-2022 (1220 Mill) Addition to an existing single-family dwelling, and construction of a new garage and Accessory Dwelling Unit (Contributing List Property, Mill Street Historic District) 1 2 10/2/2023 Item 6a ‐ Staff Presentation 2 Mill Street Historic District Architectural Character Styles: Neo-classic Row House, Victorian (elements of Gothic Revival, Queen Anne, Stick and Eastern Shingle), Tudor Revival, Mission Revival, Craftsman Bungalow One- and occasionally two-story houses Mostly gable and hip roof types Traditional fenestration (double-hung, wood sash windows, ornamental front doors, etc.) Ornamental roof features, including prominent fascias, bargeboards, prominent pediments or cornices Painted wood or stucco surface material, including siding and molding 1220 Mill Street Architectural Worksheet Style: Classic Row Wooden steps to open porch with turned wood column Three-panel window (front) Projecting Bay (west side) 1220 Mill, in 2007 in 2023 3 4 10/2/2023 Item 6a ‐ Staff Presentation 3 Historical Evaluation (Papp) Summary Conclusion Only the primary dwelling exhibits both high integrity and architectural significance None of the structures on the property is significant under criteria regarding association with a significant event or person Later additions on the rear of the primary dwelling are outside the period of significance, do not embody the compact bungalow structure characteristic of the Colonial Revival. Demolition of the second dwelling, garage, and later additions to the primary residence would not violate SOI Standards for Rehabilitation Nearly all (89%) of the original structure of the primary dwelling is retained, consistent with Historical Preservation Program Guidelines 5 6 10/2/2023 Item 6a ‐ Staff Presentation 4 Historical Preservation Program Guidelines Alterations to Historic Resources New accessory structures should complement the primary structure’s historic character through compatibility with its form, massing, color, and materials. § 3.4.1 (c) Accessory Structures Additions to listed historic structures should maintain the structure’s original architectural integrity and closely match the building’s original architecture, or match additions that have achieved historic significance in their own right, in terms of scale, form, massing, rhythm, fenestration, materials, color and architectural details § 3.4.1 (d) Additions Alterations of historically-listed buildings shall retain character defining features. New features […] should be completed in a manner that preserves the original architectural character, form, scale, and appearance of the building. § 3.4.3 Retention of character- defining features Exterior changes to historically-listed buildings or resources should not introduce new or conflicting architectural elements and should be architecturally compatible with the original and/or prevailing architectural character of the building […]. Additions to historic buildings shall comply with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards to complement and be consistent with the original style of the structure. Building materials used to replicate character-defining features shall be consistent with the original materials in terms of size, shape, quality and appearance. However, original materials are not required. § 3.4.4 Exterior building changes 7 8 10/2/2023 Item 6a ‐ Staff Presentation 5 ARCH-0613-2022 (1220 Mill) Addition to an existing single-family dwelling, and construction of a new garage and Accessory Dwelling Unit (Contributing List Property, Mill Street Historic District) Recommendation Provide a recommendation to City Council as to the eligibility of the property for historical listing 9 10/2/2023 Item 6a ‐ Applicant Presentation 1 Historic Resource Evaluation and Certificate of Appropriateness 1220 Mill Street Complex of six Contributing and Master List Robasciotti- Torres houses in Queen Anne, Colonial Revival, Craftsman, Art Deco, and Streamline Moderne, visible at one corner of the Mill Street Historic District 1 2 10/2/2023 Item 6a ‐ Applicant Presentation 2 Contributing List J. R. and Louisa Torres Robasciotti House, 1202 Mill, American Queen Anne,1893 Master List Teresa Torres True House, 1214 Mill, American Queen Anne, 1899 3 4 10/2/2023 Item 6a ‐ Applicant Presentation 3 Contributing List 1220 Mill built by Torres True, Colonial Revival, ca. 1908–1909 Robasciotti’s Contributing List E. D. Bray–built 770 Toro, American Craftsman/California Bungalow, 1920 5 6 10/2/2023 Item 6a ‐ Applicant Presentation 4 Robasciotti’s Contributing List E. D. Bray–built 778 Toro, Art Deco Mission Revival, 1923 Robasciotti’s Contributing List 780 Toro, proto-Streamline Moderne, 1933 7 8 10/2/2023 Item 6a ‐ Applicant Presentation 5 Morganti Complex, Monterey and Palm Streets, 1907–1931 Master List LeRoy Smith and Contributing List Leroy Anderson Houses, 1306 and 1318 Mill, High-Peak Colonial and Prairie School, 1906–1907 9 10 10/2/2023 Item 6a ‐ Applicant Presentation 6 Current configuration of the property at 1220 Mill Colonial Revival bungalow demonstrating streamlining and asymmetry under pyramidal roof 11 12 10/2/2023 Item 6a ‐ Applicant Presentation 7 Rear railroad house showing references to California Bungalow but not structural embodiment Extensive changes to original railroad structure with a side wing and flat-roof rear extension 13 14 10/2/2023 Item 6a ‐ Applicant Presentation 8 Clapboard front and board and batten sides of garage Structural changes to the garage 15 16 10/2/2023 Item 6a ‐ Applicant Presentation 9 Novelty siding, shingle, and board and batten lean-tos on the rear of the Colonial Revival bungalow Proposed new additions 17 18 10/2/2023 Item 6a ‐ Applicant Presentation 10 Front and side elevations Front elevation 19 20 10/2/2023 Item 6a ‐ Applicant Presentation 11 West elevation East elevation 21 22 10/2/2023 Item 6a ‐ Applicant Presentation 12 Model for the roof hyphen The two-story addition and separate two-story garage- residential building will rise behind the original Colonial Revival bungalow, adding density while the historically significant bungalow is preserved and stabilized 23 24