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HomeMy WebLinkAbout00_2016_09_13 Santa Fe HBP-CompressedHBP Application & Project Study Report Equivalent San Luis Obispo Creek Bridge at Santa Fe Road Replacement Project Bridge No. 49C0380 Prepared For: The City of San Luis Obispo in cooperation with the Department of Transportation (Caltrans) Prepared By: September 2016 San Luis Obispo Creek at Santa Fe Road Bridge Replacement Project HBP Application and Project Study Report Equivalent September 2016 05-SLO-CR Bridge No. 48C0380 HBP APPLICATION & PROJECT STUDY REPORT EQUIVALENT Contents HBP APPLICATION FORMS EXHIBIT 6-A APPLICATION/SCOPE DEFINITION FORM EXHIBIT 6-B HBP SPECIAL COST APPROVAL CHECKLIST EXHIBIT 7-B FIELD REVIEW FORM EXHIBIT 7-C ROADWAY DATA EXHIBIT 7-D MAJOR STRUCTURE DATA PROJECT STUDY REPORT EQUIVALENT SITE PHOTOS PRELIMINARY GENERAL PLAN PRELIMINARY COST ESTIMATE BRIDGE INSPECTION REPORT AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Local Assistance Program Guidelines EXHIBIT 6-A HBRRP Application/Scope Definition Form Page 6-43 LPP 01-12 December 20, 2001 EXHIBIT 6-A HBRRP APPLICATION/SCOPE DEFINITION FORM See Section 6.6, Chapter 6 of the LAPG for information about this form. This form shall replace Exhibit 7-D, “Major Structure Data,” from Chapter 7, “Field Review,” of the LAPM. Wherever the LAPM requires Exhibit 7-D for other programs, Exhibit 6-A may be substituted. Bridge projects funded entirely through other programs should continue to use Exhibit 7-D. (One bridge per application, separate applications are required for multiple bridges at same location. Multiple bridges may be combined into one federal aid project later.) State Bridge No. 49C0380 Local Bridge No. TBD Project Number (Caltrans to provide project number for new projects) Responsible Agency City of San Luis Obispo Caltrans District 04 County San Luis Obispo Project Manager Matthew Crisp Title Transportation Planner/Engineer III Phone (805) 783-7707 Fax E Mail mcrisp@slocity.org Project Location Santa Fe Road Project Limits 1.6 mile North of Buckley Road Type of Work Major collector bridge replacement Work Description Replacement of Functionally Obsolete bridge with a Sufficiency Rating of 48.2 (2015) HBRRP Category: Rehabilitation Scour Countermeasure Replacement Replacement Due to Flood Control Project Painting New Bridge to Replace Ferry Service Bridge/Railing/Approach Barrier Replacement Historic Bridge Low Water Crossing Replacement High Cost Bridge Minimal Application: Only questions 1,2,3, 4, cost data and signoff will be completed. Other information will be submitted at a later time after PE has been federally authorized to scope the project. See Section 6.6.2 “Minimum Application Requirements” for additional information. EXHIBIT 6-A Local Assistance Program Guidelines HBRRP Application/Scope Definition Form Page 6-44 December 20, 2001 LPP 01-12 The field review process enables the proper scoping of projects. Some field reviews are mandatory, most are optional. Field reviews are critically important to identify difficult environmental, Right of Way, and bridge type selection issues early in the project development phase. Please see Chapter 7 of the LAPM for further discussion. 1. Do you request that Caltrans initiate a field review? Yes No 2. Do you need help with consultant selection/oversight? Yes No 3. Do you need help with the federal process? Yes No 4. Caltrans engineers are available to provide an optional cursory review of the PS&E. The review looks at constructability, standard details and specifications, foundation/hydraulic design, and HBRRP funding eligibility. Do you request Caltrans perform a cursory PS&E review for this project? (If yes, please also request a field review.) Yes No Federal Congressional District(s) 24 State Senate District(s) 17 State Assembly District(s) 35 Preliminary Engineering by: Local Agency Staff Consultant Other… Design by: Local Agency Staff Consultant Other… Foundation Investigation by: Local Agency Staff Consultant Other… Hydrology Study by: Local Agency Staff Consultant Other… Detour, stage construction, or close road? Detour Length of detour: 4 Miles Resident Engineer for Bridge Work: Local Agency Staff Consultant Other… Local Assistance Program Guidelines EXHIBIT 6-A HBRRP Application/Scope Definition Form Page 6-45 LPP 01-12 December 20, 2001 For painting & scour scopes of work, skip this page. NBI data is from the Bridge Inspections Report (SI&A sheet) Contact the DLAE/SLA for assistance, if needed Date Constructed (NBI Item 27): 1920 Historical Bridge Category (NBI Item 37) 5 Structure Data Existing Proposed Minimum AASHTO Standards Structure type Single span RC T- Beam on RC cantilever abutments. Unknown foundations Single Span PC/PS Wide Flange Girder Bridge Structure length (specify units) 22’ 120’ Spans (No. and length) 1 @ 22’ 1 @ 120’ Curb to Curb width (See NBI Item 51 definition) 20.5’ 40’ Number of lanes 2 2 Lane widths 10.25’ 12' Shoulder widths 0' Lt 0' Rt 8’Lt 8’Rt Bike lanes (identify only if not included in the shoulder dimensions) 0' Lt 0' Rt Included in the shoulders Sidewalks/separated bikeways 0' Lt 0' Rt 5’Lt 5’Rt Approach roadway width (traveled way + paved shoulders, tapered approaches should be measured at the touchdown points not the abutments) 21’ 40’ Approach road length (from each abutment) 150' abt1 150'abt2 200’abt1 200’abt2 Total bridge deck width 23' 52’ EXHIBIT 6-A Local Assistance Program Guidelines HBRRP Application/Scope Definition Form Page 6-46 December 20, 2001 LPP 01-12 Summary of Major Deficiencies of Existing Bridge (See Section 6.12 for information) (Contact the DLAE/SLA for assistance, if needed) Data is from SI&A Sheet (Last page of Bridge Inspection Report) Sufficiency Rating (SR) = 48.2 Status SD FO Blank Description of Data Item NBI Data Item Deficient Criteria Results What are the Deficiencies? Deck Item 58 = 8 ≤ 4 is problem OK NG-SD Superstructure Item 59 = 7 ≤ 4 is problem OK NG-SD Substructures Item 60 = 8 ≤ 4 is problem OK NG-SD Culvert and Retaining Walls Item 62 = N ≤ 4 is problem OK NG-SD Structural Condition Item 67 = 4 ≤ 3 is problem OK NG Waterway Adequacy Item 71 = 3 ≤ 3 is problem OK NG The bridge occasionally overtops. Deck Geometry Item 68 = 2 ≤ 3 is problem OK NG-FO Bridge is too narrow for the currrent and future ADT. SD = Structurally Deficient FO = Functionally Obsolete Blank = Not SD or FO NG = Not Good (Deficiency) [Item 62 applies only if the last digits of Item 43 are coded 19.] [Item 71 applies only if the last digit of Item 43 is coded 0, 5, 6, 7, 8, or 9.] Local Assistance Program Guidelines EXHIBIT 6-A HBRRP Application/Scope Definition Form Page 6-47 LPP 01-12 December 20, 2001 Description of Data Item NBI Data Item Deficient Criteria Results What are the Deficiencies? Under- clearances Item 69 = N ≤ 3 is problem OK NG-FO Approach Roadway Alignment Item 72 = 3 ≤ 3 is problem OK NG-FO The approach roadway alignment requires vehicles to reduce speeds prior to crossing the bridge. Scour Criticality Item 113 = U ≤ 3 is problem OK NG The foundations are unknown. The 2013 Bridge Inspection Reports note no signs of scour. Bridge Railing Item 36A = 0 = 0 Review OK NG Existing bridge railing does not meet current standards. Guardrail Transition, Approaches, Guardrail Ends Item 36B = 0 Item 36C = 0 Item 36D = 0 = 0 Review OK NG The existing bridge does not have guardrail transistions, approaches, or ends. Other deficiencies not identified in Bridge Inspection Report Discuss in detail, attach additional pages and photographs as needed to justify HBRRP funds to correct problem: The structure is in close proximity with another structure. The other structure (Structure B) is not on the list of Local Agency Bridges and is believed to be shorter than 20’. It will be infeasible to replace structure 49C0380 with a wider structure and not replace Structure B. If the decision were made to replace both structures, it is more feasible to replace both structures with one single structure of approximately 140’. However, this option would not correct the issue of the approach roadway alignment. The City of San Luis Obispo has a development plan (Airport Area Specific Plan – adopted by the City in 2014) that realigns Santa Fe Road. This plan proposes a new structure on a different alignment that will be 120’. The development plan and our proposed replacement structure is explained in the PSRE. [Item 69 applies only if the last digit of Item 42 is coded 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 7 or 8.] EXHIBIT 6-A Local Assistance Program Guidelines HBRRP Application/Scope Definition Form Page 6-48 December 20, 2001 LPP 01-12 5. If this application is for rehabilitation or replacement scope, will all deficiencies be resolved by the project? If no, please discuss below or attach discussion on separate pages to application. Yes No Not Applicable N/A 6. Discuss any special condition or proposed design exceptions: N/A 7. Identify and justify “betterments” that are HBRRP participating but are not related to the major deficiencies. Attach additional pages as needed. The new bridge will provide sidewalks on both sides of the bridge. The proposed structure on the new alignment lines up with the City of San Luis Obispo’s development plan (Airport Area Specific Plan – adopted by the City in 2014) and promotes the City’s plan for development in that area. 8. Refer to Exhibit 6-B. Identify and justify specific items requiring Caltrans funding approval. Attach additional pages as needed. N/A Local Assistance Program Guidelines EXHIBIT 6-A HBRRP Application/Scope Definition Form Page 6-49 LPP 01-12 December 20, 2001 9. Other comments: (identify non-HBRRP participating work) Santa Fe Road is being realigned as part of the City of San Luis Obispo’s development plan. The new alignment will require a significantly longer bridge (120’) compared to the original structure 49C0380 length (22’). However, as discussed previously and also in the PSRE, a replacement of 49C0380 on the existing alignment would result in replacing the nearby structure as well, resulting in a 140’ long structure. The project includes a segment of new roadway construction starting from the north approach of the new bridge to the nearest intersection with Tank Farm Road. Estimated Construction Costs: Exclude Contingencies, Supplementary Work, and Construction Engineering HBRRP Participating NOT HBRRP Participating* Construct Bridge $ 1,872,000.00 Bridge Removal $ 7,935.00 Slope Protection $ 50,000.00 Channel Work $ 50,000.00 Detour – Stage Construction $ 25,000.00 Approach Roadway $ 500,000.00 Utility Relocation $ 100,000.00 Mobilization $ 260,493.50 Total $ 2,865,000.00 Total Cost $ 2,865,000.00 ∗ Items that are not HBRRP participating could be participating through other federal programs. See the LAPG for other eligibility requirements of other programs. Local agencies that are unsure which project costs are HBRRP participating should contact the DLAE/SLA for resolution. Note that the total of the HBRRP participating costs should carry over into the construction line (direct costs) on the next page. EXHIBIT 6-A Local Assistance Program Guidelines HBRRP Application/Scope Definition Form Page 6-50 December 20, 2001 LPP 01-12 Summary of HBRRP Participating Costs Please indicate the HBRRP total participating (eligible for reimbursement) costs for this project. Based on the amounts below and the federal reimbursement rate, Caltrans will program (reserve) the HBRRP funds needed for this project. Other federal funds (RSTP, TEA, etc.) needed for this project should be shown in the Field Review form Exhibit 7-B from Chapter 7 of the LAPM. Target dates represent a commitment by the local agency when the project will need HBRRP funding. Failure to meet target dates may cause funds to be reprogrammed to other projects by other local agencies. The reprogramming of HBRRP funds is at the discretion of Caltrans. PE = Preliminary Engineering (Total not to exceed the greater of $75 K or 25% of CON and consultant contract management and quality assurance not to exceed 15% of consultant costs). R/W = Right of Way CE = Construction Engineering (Not to exceed 15% of CON). CON = Construction Cont = Contingency (including supplement work) not to exceed 25% (preliminary estimate) nor 10% of CON for final design $5 K min. Enter CE Rate: 15% Enter Contingency Rate: 25% Direct Costs Indirect Costs* HBRRP Participating $** Target Dates PE $ 570,000.00 + 0.00 = $ 570,000.00 5/1/2017 R/W $ 25,000.00 2/1/2019 CON $ 2,865,000.00 CE $ 429,750.00 0.00 Cont $ 716,250.00 Subtotal $ 4,011,000.00 + 0.00 = $ 4,011,000.00 2/1/2020 Total Participating Cost $ 4,606,000.00 Enter Fed. Match Rate: 88.53% HBRRP Requested $ 4,077,692.00 * See Chapter 5, “Accounting/Invoices,” of the LAPM for approval of indirect costs. ** Participating costs exclude ineligible work items. Please review the HBRR Program Guidelines for reimbursable scopes of work and program cost limits. Other federal funds will be shown in the Field Review form, Exhibit 7-B, Chapter 7, “Field Review,” of the LAPM. Local Assistance Program Guidelines EXHIBIT 6-A HBRRP Application/Scope Definition Form Page 6-51 LPP 01-12 December 20, 2001 Caltrans, please notify this agency to confirm this project has been programmed in the HBRRP Multi-Year Plan. I understand that reimubursable work shall not commence until a request for authorization (E76) has been processed by Caltrans and a notice to proceed has been received by this agency. I certify that this project is in compliance with Chapter 6 (HBRRP) of the Local Assistance Program Guidelines. I understand that changes to the project scope/cost/schedule impacting the information in Exhibit 6-A and Exhibit 6-B require the processing of Exhibit 6-D (HBRRP Scope/Cost/Schedule Change Request). Two (2) copies plus one original of this application (with attachments) will be included in the transmittal package to the DLAE. ___________________________________ ______________ Local Agency Project Manager Date Attachments: 1) Exhibit 6-B, LAPG, HBRRP Special Cost Approval Checklist 2) Bridge Inspection Report with SI&A Sheet 3) Sketch of General Plan or marked up as-built 4) Sketch of typical section 5) Photographs: 4 corners looking at the bridge & 2 elevation views, & views of each approach, for a total of 8 photographs (minimum). 6) Exhibit 7-B, Field Review Form, Chapter 7, LAPM 7) Exhibit 7-C, Roadway Data Sheet, Chapter 7, LAPM 8) Exhibit 6-C, PIN for Barrier Rail Replacement Projects (include only if applying for Bridge Railing Replacement funds.) 9) Other: 10) Request for Authorization is included in this application package for expedited processing? Yes No Thank you for assembling the application package. Please send this package to your District Local Assistance Engineer to start the programming process. Please e-mail your suggestions to improve this form to eric.bost@dot.ca.gov or shannon.mlcoch@dot.ca.gov. For Caltrans use only: I have reviewed this application for completeness and have forwarded copies to the Office of Program Management and SLA. I recommend approval. (Attach comments as needed.) I do not recommend approval for the following reasons: See attached memo/e-mail to the Office of Program Management. I request SLA review of this application for the following reasons: (Attach memo/e-mail justifying increased Caltrans oversight). _____________________________________ _______________ DLAE or authorized staff Date Local Assistance Program Guidelines EXHIBIT 6-B HBRRP Special Cost Approval Checklist Page 6-53 LPP 01-12 December 20, 2001 EXHIBIT 6-B HBRRP SPECIAL COST APPROVAL CHECKLIST The purpose of this form is to help local agencies identify project costs that require Caltrans funding approval. Local agencies are responsible for contacting the DLAE to resolve any items requiring Caltrans review. This form is not a substitute for reading Chapter 6 of the LAPG or the LAPM. Local agencies are still financially accountable for meeting all the requirements of the LAPG and the LAPM. Project Number State Bridge No. 49C0380 (one bridge per application) Local Bridge No. Project Location 1.6 miles north of Buckley Road Chapter 6 LAPG Section #’s Topic Status 6.2.1 – Rehab 6.2.2 - Replace Adding Additional Lanes (including turn lanes) Requires Caltrans/MPO Approval Caltrans has Approved Costs MPO has Approved Scope in FTSIP Not Applicable 6.2.1 – Rehab Scope is Bridge Replacement, but SR>50 Requires Caltrans Approval Caltrans has Approved Costs Not Applicable 6.2.4 – Rail No bridge railing work to be done, but other safety work related to bridge is needed. Requires Caltrans Approval Caltrans has Approved Costs Not Applicable 6.2.4 – Rail (applies to all scopes of work) New sidewalks to be installed where none existed before. Please identify as “betterment” in Exhibit 6-A. Requires Caltrans Approval Caltrans has Approved Costs Not Applicable 6.2.1 – Rehab 6.2.2 – Replace 6.2.10 – Historic 6.3 – Standards Rehabilitation/Replacement will not address all major bridge deficiencies Requires Caltrans Approval Caltrans has Approved Costs Not Applicable 6.5.11 – Replace “Replaced” bridges to remain in place. Applies to work beyond specified examples in Section 6.5.12 Requires Caltrans Approval Caltrans has Approved Costs Not Applicable EXHIBIT 6-B Local Assistance Program Guidelines HBRRP Special Cost Approval Checklist Page 6-54 December 20, 2001 LPP 01-12 Chapter 6 LAPG Section #’s Topic Status 6.4.2 Approach roadwork exceeding guidelines Requires Caltrans Approval Caltrans has Approved Costs Not Applicable 6.4.3 PE costs exceeding guidelines Requires Caltrans Approval Caltrans has Approved Costs Not Applicable 6.4.4 Contingency exceeding guidelines Requires Caltrans Approval Caltrans has Approved Costs Not Applicable 6.4.5 CE costs exceeding guidelines Requires Caltrans Approval Caltrans has Approved Costs Not Applicable 6.5.3 10 Year Rule – Major (Re)Construction Requires Caltrans Approval Caltrans has Approved Costs Not Applicable 6.5.4 10 Year Rule – PE Authorization Requires Caltrans Approval Caltrans has Approved Costs Not Applicable 6.5.7 Unusual Architectural Treatments Requires Caltrans Approval Caltrans has Approved Costs Not Applicable 6.7.1 6.7.4 Scope/Cost/Schedule Changes Requires Caltrans Approval Caltrans has Approved Costs Not Applicable 6.7.5 Construction Change Orders (CCOs) that Exceed Contingency Requires Caltrans Approval Caltrans has Approved Costs Not Applicable I certify that I have reviewed this project against the requirements of Chapter 6 of the LAPG and have filled out this checklist accordingly. ____________________________________ _____________ Local Agency Project Manager Date Local Assistance Procedures Manual EXHIBIT 7-B Field Review Form Page 7-14a LPP 11-05 December 12, 2011 EXHIBIT 7-B FIELD REVIEW FORM Local Agency _______________________________ Field Review Date __________________ Project Number _______________________________ Locator (Dst/Co/Rte/PM/Agncy) __________________ Project Name _______________________________ Bridge No.(s) __________________ 1. PROJECT LIMITS (see attached list for various locations) _____________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________ Net Length ______________ (mile) 2. WORK DESCRIPTION _________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ITS project or ITS element: Yes ____ No ____ If yes, choose: High-Risk (formerly “Major”) ITS , Low-Risk (formerly “Minor”) ITS , Exempt ITS 3. PROGRAMMING DATA FTIP (MPO/RTPA) ______________ FY ________ Page ____ Amendment No. __________ FTIP PPNO _______ FHWA/FTA Approval Date ___________ Federal Funds $________________ Phases PE ______ R/W _______ Const ____ Air Basin: ________________________ (CMAQ only) 4. FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATION: URBAN _________ RURAL ______ Principal Arterial: ______ Principal Arterial: ______ Minor Arterial: ______ Minor Arterial: ______ Collector: ______ Major Collector: ______ Local: ______ Minor Collector: ______ Rural Local: ______ 5. STEWARDSHIP CATEGORY High Profile (Stewardship): Yes No Delegated (Stewardship): Yes No (a) DLAE oversight: Yes __ No __ (b) District Construction Yes __ No __ ITS High-Risk project or element requiring FHWA oversight per stewardship: Yes __ No __ 6. CALTRANS ENCROACHMENT PERMIT Is it required? Yes _____ No _____ 7. COST ESTIMATE BREAKDOWN $1,000’s Fed. Participation (Including Structures) PE Environmental Process __________________ Yes ____ No ____ Design __________________ Yes ____ No ____ ITS System Manager or Integrator __________________ Yes ____ No ____ CONST Const. Contract __________________ Yes ____ No ____ Const. Engineering __________________ Yes ____ No ____ R/W Preliminary R/W Work __________________ Yes ____ No ____ Acquisition: Yes ____ No ____ (No. of Parcels ____ ) __________________ Yes ____ No ____ (Easements ____ ) __________________ Yes ____ No ____ (Right of Entry ____ ) __________________ Yes ____ No ____ RAP (No. Families ) __________________ Yes ____ No ____ RAP (No. Bus. ____ ) __________________ Yes ____ No ____ Utilities (Exclude if included in contract items) __________________ Yes ____ No ____ TOTAL COST $ __________________ EXHIBIT 7-B Local Assistance Procedures Manual Field Review Form Page 7-14 December 12, 2011 LPP 11-05 7a. Value Engineering Analysis Required? Yes _____ No _____ (Yes, if total project costs are $25M or more on the Federal- aid System, or $20M or more for bridges) 8. PROPOSED FUNDING Total Cost Cost Share Grand Total $ ____________ Federal Program #1_________ $ ____________ Fed. $ _________ Reimb. Ratio _________ (Name/App. Code) #2_________ $ ____________ Fed. $ _________ Reimb. Ratio _________ Matching Funds Breakdown Local: $ _________ _____% State: $ _________ _____% Other: $ _________ _____% State Highway Funds? Yes _____ Source __________________________ No _____ State CMAQ/RSTP Match Eligible Yes _______ No ______ Partial _____ Is the Project Underfunded? (Fed $ < Allowed Reimb.) Yes ______ No _____ 9. PROJECT ADMINISTRATION Agency Consultant State PE Environ Process _______________ ______________ ___________ Design _______________ ______________ ___________ System Man./Integ. ______ _______________ ______________ ___________ R/W All Work _______________ ______________ ___________ CONST ENGR Contract _______________ ______________ ___________ CONSTRUCTION Contract _______________ ______________ ___________ MAINTENANCE _______________ ______________ ___________ _______________ ___________ Will Caltrans be requested to review PS&E? Yes ______ No _____ 10. SCHEDULES: PROPOSED ADVERTISEMENT DATE _________________________________________ Other critical dates: __________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________________ 11. PROJECT MANAGER’S CONCURRENCE Local Entity Representative: _________________________________________ Date: ___________ Signature & Title: _________________________________________ Phone No. ___________ Is field review required? Yes ______ No ______ Caltrans (District) Representative: _______________________________________ Date: ___________ (if attended Field Review) Signature & Title: FHWA Representative: (if attended Field Review) Signature & Title: ________________________________________________ _______________________________________ ________________________________________________ Date: ___________ Local Assistance Procedures Manual EXHIBIT 7-B Field Review Form Page 7-14a LPP 11-05 December 12, 2011 _____ Sketch of Each Proposed Alternate Improvement _____ CMAQ/RSTP State STIP Match _____ TE Application Document _____ Systems Engineering Review Form (SERF) _____ Existing federal, state, and local ADA deficiencies not included on other Attachments Req’d for High-Risk (formerly “Major”) and Low-Risk (formerly “Minor”) ITS projects 13. DLAE FIELD REVIEW NOTES: A. MINUTES OF FIELD REVIEWS B. ISSUES OR UNUSUAL ASPECTS OF PROJECT (Attachment to Field Review Form) Distribution: Original with attachments – Local Agency ___ Copy with attachments (2 copies if HBP) - DLAE 12. LIST OF ATTACHMENTS (Include all appropriate attachments if field review is required. See the “[ ]” notation for minimum required attachments for non-NHS projects) _____ Field Review Attendance Roster or Contacts Roster _____ Vicinity Map (Required for Construction Type Projects) IF APPLICABLE ( Complete as required depending on type of work involved) _____ Roadway Data Sheets [Req’d for Roadway projects] _____ Typical Roadway Geometric Section(s) [Req’d for Roadway projects] _____ Major Structure Data Sheet [Req’d for HBP] _____ Signal Warrants _____ Railroad Grade Crossing Data Sheet _____ Collision Diagram Local Assistance Procedures Manual EXHIBIT 7-C Roadway Data Page 7-15 LPP 11-05 December 12, 2011 ROADWAY DATA 1. TRAFFIC DATA Current ADT 2487 Year 2016 Future ADT 3606 Year 2034 DHV ____ Trucks 10 % Terrain (Check One) __X_ Flat _____ Rolling ____ Mountainous Design Speed 30 mph Proposed Speed Zone __X__ Yes mph _______ ____ No 2. GEOMETRIC INFORMATION ROADWAY SECTION Thru Traffic Lanes Shoulders Facility Year Constr. Min. Curve Radius No. of Lanes Total Width Type Each Width Lt/Rt Type Median Width Exist. 1920 N/A 2 20’-6” AC 0’/0’ AC Prop. 2021 N/A 2 24’ HMA 8’/8’ HMA Min. Stds. selected: AASHTO__X__ 3R ____ Local ____ N/A 2 24’ HMA 8’/8’ HMA N/E Contig. Sect. 2 24 HMA Tapers to new Santa Fe section S/W Contig Sect. 2 24 HMA Tapers to existing Remarks (If design standard exception is being sought, cite standard and explain fully how it varies): _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. DEFICIENCIES OF EXISTING FACILITY (Mark appropriate one(s)) _____ Pavement Surface ______ Drainage _____ Alignment X Bridge _____ Crossfall ______ Safety (Attach collision diagram or other documentation) _____ Pavement Structure ______ _____ Federal Americans w/ Disabilities Act (ADA), State or Local accessibility requirements Other (describe below) Remarks _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 4. TRAFFIC SIGNALS ____Yes ___New (attach warrants) ___Modified X No 5. MAJOR STRUCTURES Structure No.(s) 49C0380 (attach structure data sheet) 6. OTHER TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES (Name) X None _______ Railroad _______________________________________ (attach railroad data sheet) _______ Airports _______________________________________ (attach airport data sheet) _______ Transit _______________________________________ _______ Bicycle ____________________________ EXHIBIT 7-C Local Assistance Procedures Manual Roadway Data Page 7-16 July 21, 2006 LPP 06-03 7. AGENCIES AFFECTED Utilities [mark appropriate one(s)] _ Telephone X Electrical ___X____ Gas _ Water ________ Irrigation ___ _ __ Other ________ Sanitary Major Utility Adjustment: The overhead utility lines and gas lines will need to be relocated. _____________________________________________________________________ High Risk Facilities: __None_______________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Other: _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Remarks: _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Local Assistance Procedures Manual EXHIBIT 7-D Major Structure Data Page 1 of 2 May 1, 2007 EXHIBIT 7-D MAJOR STRUCTURE DATA (Attach a separate sheet for each structure) Project Number TBD Bridge Name (facility crossed) San Luis Obispo Creek State Br.No. 49C0380 Date Constructed 1920 Historical Bridge Inv. Category 5 Road Name Santa Fe Road Location 1.6 miles north of Buckley Road STRUCTURE DATA Existing Proposed Minimum ASHTO Standards Structure Type: Single Span RC “T” beam Single Span RC “T” Beam Structure Length: 22’ 120’ Spans (No. & Length): 1 @ 22’ 1 @ 120’ Clear Width (curb to curb): 20.5’ 40’ 40’ Shoulder Width: 0’ Lt 0’ Rt 8’ Lt 8’ Rt 8’ Lt 8’ Rt Sidewalk or bikeway width: 0’ Lt 0’ Rt 5’ Lt 5’ Rt 5’ Lt 5’ Rt Total Br. Width: 23’ 52’-0” 52’-0” Total Appr. Rdwy. Width: 21’ 40’ 40’ 1. Preliminary Engineering by: Agency/Consultant 2. Design by: Agency/Consultant 3. Foundation Investigation by: Agency/Consultant 4. Hydrology Study by: Agency/Consultant Detour, Stage construction, or Close Road: Detour Length of Detour: 4.0 miles Resident Engineer for Bridge Work: Agency X Consultant (On Retainer as City/County Engineer) Responsible Local Official: Discuss any special conditions; for example, federal ADA, state or local accessibility requirements, or proposed design exceptions: The new bridge will be constructed on a new alignment that conforms to the City of San Luis Obispo’s development plan (Airport Area Specific Plan – adopted 2014). Replacement on the existing alignment would require the replacement of two separate structures (due to the close proximity of a nearby structure) that would result in a longer replacement structure. Replacement on the existing alignment also wouldn’t address the roadway approach alignment issue. Replacement on the new structure addresses all deficiencies and lines up with the City’s development plans for future growth. ESTIMATED STRUCTURE AND RELATED COSTS Federally Participating? Bridge Cost: Yes No Construct Bridge: $ 1,872,000.00 X Bridge Removal: $ 7,935.00 X EXHIBIT 7-D Local Assistance Procedures Manual Major Structure Data Page 2 of 2 May 1, 2013 Slope Protection: $ 50,000.00 X Channel Work: $ 50,000.00 X Detour- Stage Construction: $ 25,000.00 X Approach Roadway: $ 500,000.00 X Preliminary Engineering: $ 570,000.00 X Construction Engineering: $ 2,865,000.00 X Right of Way Costs: $ 25,000.00 X Utility Relocation: $ 100,000.00 X Mobilization: $ 260,494.00 X Contingency: $ 716,250.00 X Total: $ 4,606,000.00 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Type of HBP funds; Check one: Seismic/Voluntary Painting (88.53%) (Major type if more than one) (88.53% Fed. Share) Painting (80%) Rehabilitation (80%) Special (80%) X Replacement (88.53%) Low Water Xing (80%) Railing (88.53%) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Summarize HBP funded costs of above estimate (HBP Federal-aid + local match for HBP only): Prelim. Engr.: $ 570,000.00 Right of Way: $ 25,000.00 Construction: $ 4,011,000 Total: $ 4,606,000 Indicate the estimated date for Federal-aid Authorization & Obligation or Check the box: Date: 5-1-2017 Not needed for this project 2-1-2019 Not needed for this project 2-1-2020 Not needed for this project VALUE ENGINEERING ANALYSIS Required (Yes, if on the NHS and total project costs for bridges are $40M or more) Yes No ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Remarks: ***** The following must be attached if the project is funded by the HBP: 1. Plan view of proposed improvements. 2. Typical Section. ***** The following is recommended: 1. Right of way map to determine whether right of way acquisition or construction easements Local Assistance Procedures Manual EXHIBIT 7-D Major Structure Data Page 1 of 2 May 1, 2007 are necessary. Distribution: Attach to Field Review Form PROJECT STUDY REPORT EQUIVALENT San Luis Obispo Creek Bridge (Bridge # 49C0380) Replacement Project on Santa Fe Road 1.6 mile north of Buckley Road APPROVED: Matthew Crisp Transportation Planner/Engineer III Department of Public Works City of San Luis Obispo DATE SAN LUIS OBISPO CREEK BRIDGE AT SANTA FE ROAD, Bridge Replacement Project, Page 2 HBP and Project Study Report Equivalent - Bridge No. 49C0380 September 2016 Location Map Vicinity Map Project Site N Bridge Site Tank Farm Rd Hoover Ave Broad St Santa Fe Rd SAN LUIS OBISPO CREEK BRIDGE AT SANTA FE ROAD, Bridge Replacement Project, Page 3 HBP and Project Study Report Equivalent - Bridge No. 49C0380 September 2016 This Project Study Report Equivalent has been prepared under the direction of the following registered civil engineer. The registered civil engineer attests to the technical information contained herein and the engineering data upon which recommendations, conclusions, and decisions are based. 9/14/16 REGISTERED CIVIL ENGINEER DATE Mark Reno 47756 12/31/17 SAN LUIS OBISPO CREEK BRIDGE AT SANTA FE ROAD, Bridge Replacement Project, Page 4 HBP and Project Study Report Equivalent - Bridge No. 49C0380 September 2016 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................ 5 2. Background ................................................................................................................................................................. 5 3. Purpose and Need Statement ............................................................................................................................. 10 4. Deficiencies ............................................................................................................................................................... 10 5. Corridor and System Coordination ................................................................................................................... 10 6. Alternatives ............................................................................................................................................................... 11 Alternative 1 – 120’ Long, Single Span, CIP/Post-tensioned Concrete Box Girder Bridge .......... 11 Alternative 2 – 120’ Long, Single Span, PC/PS, Concrete Wide Flange Girder Bridge .................. 11 Alternative 3 - No Build Alternative ............................................................................................................... 12 7. Stage Construction ................................................................................................................................................. 12 8. Funding....................................................................................................................................................................... 12 9. Schedule ..................................................................................................................................................................... 14 10. FHWA Coordination ................................................................................................................................................ 14 11. Local Entity Contacts/District Contacts ............................................................................................................ 14 12. Attachments .............................................................................................................................................................. 14 SAN LUIS OBISPO CREEK BRIDGE AT SANTA FE ROAD, Bridge Replacement Project, Page 5 HBP and Project Study Report Equivalent - Bridge No. 49C0380 September 2016 1. Introduction The City of San Luis Obispo (City) is proposing to replace the existing single span, RC “T” beam structure (Bridge No. 49C0380) on Santa Fe Road over San Luis Obispo Creek. The existing bridge was built in 1920 and is located on Santa Fe Road approximately 1.6 miles north of Buckley Road Road. The bridge is classified as “Functionally Obsolete” (FO) due to its inadequate clear width, poor approach roadway alignment, and water inadequacy (overtops during flood events). The bridge is not classified as historically significant or eligible for the National Register of Historic Places. See the Cost estimate for specific work items included in this project. This includes replacing the existing bridge which is discussed in depth below. Project Limits 5-SLO-CR Applicant: City of San Luis Obispo Funding Source: 88.53% Federal Highway Bridge Program (HBP), 11.47% City Construction Capital Costs: $3,581,250 Support Costs (Including construction engineering): $999,750 Right-of-Way Costs: $25,000 Total Project Costs: $4,606,000 Number of Alternatives: 3 (Includes “No Build Alternative”) Proposed Alternative: 120’ long, Single Span, CIP/PS Box Girder Bridge Type of Facility (conventional, expressway, freeway): Major Collector Number of Structures: One - Br No. 49C0380 over San Luis Obispo Creek Anticipated Environmental Document To be determined Legal Description The existing bridge is located on Santa Fe Road, 1.6 miles north of Buckley Road. 2. Background The City would like to replace the existing bridge, with funding provided by the Highway Bridge Program (HBP). The bridge is classified as a Major Collector and therefore is considered to be “On-System.” “On-System” bridges with a Sufficiency Rating (SR) under 50.0 and are classified as either Structurally Deficient or Functionally Obsolete are eligible to receive funding up to 88.53% of project costs. The remaining portion of the project costs will need to be provided by a local match. The bridge has a Sufficiency Rating of 48.2, is classified as Functionally Obsolete, and is therefore eligible for partial funding. The structure is classified as Functionally Obsolete for three reason: 1. Deck geometry – The curb-to-curb width of the existing bridge is too narrow for its current and future ADT. To address this issue, the bridge will need to be widened. 2. Approach roadway alignment – The approach roadway alignment requires vehicles to slow down significantly due to the tight radius of the curves adjacent to the SAN LUIS OBISPO CREEK BRIDGE AT SANTA FE ROAD, Bridge Replacement Project, Page 6 HBP and Project Study Report Equivalent - Bridge No. 49C0380 September 2016 bridge. To address this issue, the road will need to be realigned. Due to the proximity of the existing turn, it will be difficult to address this issue without a major change in the approach roadway alignment with Santa Fe Road or Hoover Avenue. 3. Water Adequacy – Based on the rating of the past bridge inspection reports, the bridge occasionally overtops. To address this issue, the bridge will need to be raised. Upon investigation of the bridge site, a separate structure (Structure B) was found northeast of bridge 49C0380 less than 100 feet away. Figure 1 below shows the two separate structures. Due to the close proximity of the two bridges, any work done on structure 49C0380 will likely adversely affect Structure B. That is, any widening or raising of bridge 49C0380 will require widening or raising of Structure B as well. It is believed that the two structures share abutments and wingwalls. Therefore, a replacement of structure 49C0380 on this alignment would require replacement of Structure B as well. Since the two structures are so close together, it is more feasible to replace the two structures with one single structure that spans the entire length of the 2 original structures. This new structure would have a length totaling approximately 140’. With a new structure in place, the existing driveway will not be maintained and access will be closed, thereby removing another safety hazard. Bridge records for Structure B have not been found and the structure is not on the Local Agency Bridge List. We are assuming this is because of its short length (under 20’). Figure 1 – Aerial of the Bridge Site Following discussions with the City of San Luis Obispo, the City provided the development plans for the area around the bridge site since 2005. This development plan, called the “Airport Area Specific Plan (Plan),” consisted of improving circulation within the City. The most recent version of the Airport Area Specific Plan is dated September 2014. A copy of these plans are attached in the Appendix. Recognizing the poor roadway alignment at the site, it is a part of N 49C0380 Structure B Santa Fe Rd Hoover Rd Existing Driveway SAN LUIS OBISPO CREEK BRIDGE AT SANTA FE ROAD, Bridge Replacement Project, Page 7 HBP and Project Study Report Equivalent - Bridge No. 49C0380 September 2016 the City’s plan to realign Santa Fe Road to tee into Tank Farm Road to the north to improve safety. Figure 2 below shows the intended realignment as shown in the development plans. Figure 2 – Proposed Santa Fe Road Realignment The realignment of Santa Fe Road will require a new bridge approximately 120’ long. This is shorter than providing a structure to replace both structures (49C0380 and Structure B) on the original alignment. Although structure 49C0380 will be removed and replaced by a new structure, it is anticipated that the existing portion of Santa Fe Road east of structure 49C0380 will be maintained so the driveways may remain in service. Structure B will remain as is under this option. The Plan also extends Santa Fe road beyond Tank Farm Road, to the north. Figure 3 is a map taken from the Plan and shows the overall concept of the circulation improvement. Based on discussions with the City, this circulation improvement project is intended to occur within the next 5 years. Businesses have begun to populate in the southern portions of the existing Santa Fe Road. N Santa Fe Rd Santa Fe Rd Hoover Ave Proposed Santa Fe Rd Realignment Existing driveways Existing Bridge New Bridge SAN LUIS OBISPO CREEK BRIDGE AT SANTA FE ROAD, Bridge Replacement Project, Page 8 HBP and Project Study Report Equivalent - Bridge No. 49C0380 September 2016 Figure 3 – Development Map taken from the Plan Upon discussion with the City, it was agreed that the City’s Plan of realigning Santa Fe Road will provide a more feasible bridge replacement option for the following reasons: 1. A realigned Santa Fe Road will address the approach roadway alignment issue. If the bridge were widened and raised in place, the approach alignment issue would remain and vehicles will still be required to reduce speeds at the bridge. 2. A realigned Santa Fe Road will allow Structure B and adjacent driveway to remain in service. 3. A realigned Santa Fe Road Bridge will require a shorter bridge. A structure on the new Santa Fe Road will be approximately 120’. Replacing structure 49C0380 and Structure B will require a structure of approximately 140’ (to span both existing bridges). The site is located in a commercial area north of the San Luis Obispo County Regional Airport. A detour of approximately 4 miles is available. A preliminary detour route is shown in Figure 6. Due to the proposed realignment of Santa Fe Road, construction of the bridge cannot be staged. A total bridge closure will be required to construct the new structure. Overall closure time can be reduced as a portion of the project can be constructed on the new alignment prior to any effect on the existing bridge. SAN LUIS OBISPO CREEK BRIDGE AT SANTA FE ROAD, Bridge Replacement Project, Page 9 HBP and Project Study Report Equivalent - Bridge No. 49C0380 September 2016 A traffic count was performed by the City on September 7, 2016 which resulted in an average daily traffic (ADT) of 2,487. Future ADT based on the Bridge Inspection Report is anticipated to be 3,606 by the year 2034 as provided by the Bridge Inspection Report. The field north of San Luis Obispo Creek is currently owned by the City. Therefore, additional right-of-way acquisition and temporary construction easements are anticipated to be minimal with the realigned Santa Fe Road as proposed by the City’s Plan. The roadway profile is anticipated to be raised from existing conditions as it is assumed that the existing bridge overtops during high storm and flood events. A detailed hydraulic study will be required to set an appropriate roadway profile and confirm that the selected bridge type and length remain acceptable. The existing paved road approaches are approximately 21 feet wide on the east approach. The west approach begins to taper to a width greater than 40’ immediately after the turn. The existing bridge is approximately 23 feet wide (from edge to edge) with a clear width between curbs of 20 feet 6 inches. The current ADT is 2,487 (2016) and is projected to increase to 3,606 vehicles per day by 2034. The 2011 (6th Edition) American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials’ (AASHTO) “A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets” (“Green Book”) requires 12’ lanes and 8’ shoulders for minimum roadway widths for roads with an ADT greater than 2000. The proposed bridge has a clear width of 40’. Concrete barrier rail (Type 732SW) can be utilized on the both edges of deck for this 25 mph facility. This results in an overall bridge width of 52’ (two 12’ travel lanes, two 8’ shoulders, two 5’ sidewalks, two 1’ barriers). New sidewalks are added to the proposed bridge to match the development of the new Santa Fe Road. Santa Fe Road is proposed to provide sidewalks and bike lanes on both sides of the road. Utility relocation will be required on this project as there are overhead utility lines along the north side of the existing bridge and a gas line attached to the existing bridge. As shown in the aerial image, the overhead utility line and gas line are anticipated to be affected during construction and are anticipated to be there by easement. It is not anticipated that the project will have significant relocation costs. Figure 4 – Aerial of Known Utilities Gas Line Utility Pole Utility Lines SAN LUIS OBISPO CREEK BRIDGE AT SANTA FE ROAD, Bridge Replacement Project, Page 10 HBP and Project Study Report Equivalent - Bridge No. 49C0380 September 2016 3. Purpose and Need Statement Need: The project need is to provide a safe crossing for vehicles over San Luis Obispo Creek on Santa Fe Road since the existing bridge is Functionally Obsolete (FO). Purpose: The primary purpose is to replace the FO structure to improve public safety. The proposed bridge will provide adequate width, an improved approach alignment, and adequate waterway clearance to meet current standards. The new structure will also address any other deficiencies with the existing structure and the current alignment. 4. Deficiencies The single span structure has been classified as Functionally Obsolete with an overall Sufficiency Rating of 48.2. The roadway clear width on the bridge is inadequate to safely serve the facility’s current and future ADT. The roadway approach alignment is poor and requires vehicles to reduce speeds at the bridge site. The existing bridge occasionally overtops during flood events. There is a hairline shear crack at one of the girders near abutment 2. No approach, transition, or end railings are placed on the exposed concrete barrier ends. 5. Corridor and System Coordination Santa Fe Road is functionally classified as a Major Collector and is considered “On” the Federal Aid System. The current ADT (2016) and future ADT (2034) are 2,487 and 3,606 vehicles per day, respectively, and the project is located on flat terrain. The City of San Luis Obispo’s Plan (2014) consist have providing 12’ vehicular lanes, 7’ bike lanes, 7’ parkrows, and 5’ sidewalks on the new Santa Fe Road south of Tank Farm Road. A section of the proposed Santa Fe Road is shown in Figure 5. This section is taken from the City’s Plan report. It is anticipated that this section will be used on the segment of Santa Fe Road from Tank Farm Road to the north approach of the bridge. Bridge widths will following County and AASHTO standards. SAN LUIS OBISPO CREEK BRIDGE AT SANTA FE ROAD, Bridge Replacement Project, Page 11 HBP and Project Study Report Equivalent - Bridge No. 49C0380 September 2016 Figure 5 – Section of Santa Fe Road (Taken from Plan) The City of San Luis Obispo require a 40’ minimum clear width, which matches AASHTO’s standard to provide 12’ lanes and 8’ shoulders. A proposed 52’-0” wide bridge will provide two 12’ lanes, two 8’ shoulders, and two 5’ sidewalks with two 1’ barriers. 6. Alternatives Three alternatives have been investigated: (1) a single span Cast-in-Place (CIP)/Post-tensioned, concrete box girder bridge, (2) a single span Precast (PC)/Pre-stressed (PS), concrete wide flange girder bridge, and (3) a no build alternative. Alternative 1 – 120’ Long, Single Span, CIP/Post-tensioned Concrete Box Girder Bridge A single span, CIP/Post-tensioned Concrete Box Girder Bridge would be desirable due to its economic efficiency. This alternative would have a thinner structure depth at 5 feet 5 inches. Temporary falsework will be required to support the concrete structure until it reaches its required strength. Advantages • Least expensive alternative • Shallower superstructure depth Disadvantages • Longer construction time versus precast alternative • Larger environmental impact as it requires falsework in the channel Alternative 2 – 120’ Long, Single Span, PC/PS, Concrete Wide Flange Girder Bridge A single span, PC/PS, Concrete Girder Bridge would be desirable due do its reduced construction time. Advantages • Shortest construction time as girders can be fabricated off-site and trucked to the site • Less environmental impact as it does not require falsework in the channel SAN LUIS OBISPO CREEK BRIDGE AT SANTA FE ROAD, Bridge Replacement Project, Page 12 HBP and Project Study Report Equivalent - Bridge No. 49C0380 September 2016 Disadvantages • More expensive compared to the CIP alternative • Deeper superstructure depth • Construction can be more complicated (requiring larger equipment) due to use of precast elements Alternative 3 - No Build Alternative This alternative would provide no improvements to the existing crossing. All existing deficiencies and safety issues would remain. Therefore, this alternative is not recommended. 7. Stage Construction The City’s Plan of realigning Santa Fe Road consist of constructing new road as shown in Figure 2. To minimize impacts to traffic on the existing Santa Fe Road, the new Santa Fe Road north of the creek will be constructed prior to impacts to the existing Santa Fe Road and bridge. Once the northern approach roadway is completed, the existing road will be closed and traffic will be detoured to allow for construction of the new structure. Phasing the construction of the new Santa Fe Road will reduce the overall road closure at Santa Fe Road. The detour route is approximately 4 miles. A preliminary detour plan is shown on Figure 6. Figure 6 – Preliminary Detour Plan . 8. Funding The California Road System (CRS) Maps, designates this portion of Santa Fe Road as a major collector. This classifies the bridge as “On-System”. The HBP contributes 88.53% of the project cost with the remaining 11.47% of the project costs to be provided by the City. Although the City’s entire project consists of constructing the new Santa Fe Road, it is understood that the Highway Bridge Program only partially funds construction of the new bridge and its approaches associated with the bridge project. SAN LUIS OBISPO CREEK BRIDGE AT SANTA FE ROAD, Bridge Replacement Project, Page 13 HBP and Project Study Report Equivalent - Bridge No. 49C0380 September 2016 Preliminary cost estimates for all alternatives have been developed and are included as attachments to this report. The estimated construction cost analysis has been performed using Caltrans square foot cost data for similar structure types constructed recently. At this time, Alternative 2 – “120’ Single Span, PC/PS, Post-Tensioned Concrete Wide Flange Girder Bridge” is the chosen alternative for items noted above. The recommended complete project delivery estimate for programming purposes for this replacement alternative is $4,606,000.00 which includes Preliminary Engineering, Right-of-Way, Construction, Construction Engineering, and a 25% Contingency. It is important to estimate costs at the high end of the price range to ensure adequate funding is programmed for this project. The City is cautioned that the cost estimates are based upon available square foot prices for similar structure types, and actual construction costs may vary. Several unknown factors such as hydraulic design constraints and geotechnical design data could significantly affect bridge length and costs. These issues may also affect which alternative is the most cost effective. Alternative 2 Construction Cost Alternative Structure Construction Cost 1 – 120’ - Single Span, CIP/PS, Concrete Box Girder Bridge $1,716,000.00 ($275/sf) (120’ length) 2 – 120’ - Single Span, PC/PS, Post- Tensioned Concrete Girder Bridge $1,872,000.00 ($300/sf) (120’ length) Construct Bridge Bridge Removal Slope Protection Channel Work Traffic Handling Approach Roadway Utility Relocation Mobilization Total Construction $1,872,000 $7,935 $50,000 $50,000 $25,000 $500,000 $100,000 $260,494 $2,865,000 PE Component PE Component Cost (Est) 1 - Environmental $150,000 2 - Geotechnical $60,000 3 - Hydraulics $30,000 4 - Surveying $30,000 7 - Preliminary Design $70,000 8 - Final Design $230,000 9 - Indirect Costs $0 Total $570,000 SAN LUIS OBISPO CREEK BRIDGE AT SANTA FE ROAD, Bridge Replacement Project, Page 14 HBP and Project Study Report Equivalent - Bridge No. 49C0380 September 2016 9. Schedule 10. FHWA Coordination This project will be partially funded by the Highway Bridge Program. Caltrans will provide project oversight as required through Caltrans Local Assistance. All aspects of the project will meet federal and state requirements. Caltrans will approve the NEPA document under current delegation authority from FHWA. 11. Local Entity Contacts/District Contacts Matthew Crisp Transportation Planner/Engineer III (805) 783.7707 Heidi Borders Caltrans Local Assistance (805) 549.3120 Mark Reno Project Engineer, Quincy Engineering, Inc. (916) 368.9181 12. Attachments A. Site Photos B. Preliminary General Plans C. Preliminary Cost Estimates D. Bridge Inspection Report with Structure Inventory and Appraisal Report E. Airport Area Specific Plans (2014) PE R/W CON CE Cont Total Cost $570,000 $25,000 $2,865,000 $429,750 $716,250 $4,606,000 Milestones Delivery Date (Month, Day, Year) Begin Environmental 05/01/2017 Circulate DED 07/01/2018 PA & ED 12/01/2018 Begin Right-of-Way 02/01/2019 Project PS&E 11/01/2019 Right-of-Way Certification 09/01/2019 Ready to Advertise 02/01/2020 Begin Construction 06/01/2020 End Construction 09/01/2021 End Project 10/01/2021 Attachment A Figure 1: Looking East on Santa Fe Road Figure 2: Looking West on Castlewood Drive. Figure 3: Southeast corner of bridge. Figure 4: Northeast corner of bridge. San Luis Obispo Creek Bridge (Br. No. 49C0380) at Santa Fe Road Assuming single-span CIP/PS Box Girder Bridge per Alternative #1 H. Chou Bridge length is 120'9/9/2016 Existing Structure width = 23'-0" Proposed Structure width - two 1' barrier, two 5' SW, two 8' shoulder,two 12' lanes = 52'-0" HBP Participating Not HBP Participating Widen Bridge Length Width Area Cost CIP/PS Box Girder ft ft sq ft $/sq ft 120 52 6240 275 1,716,000.00$ -$ Bridge Removal Length Cost ft ft sq ft $/sq ft 23 23 529 15 7,935.00$ -$ Slope Protection Assuming $25k at each abutment and pier 50,000.00$ -$ Canal Work Canal repair/restoration - Assume $0k Environmental mitigation assume $50k 50,000.00$ -$ Detour - assume $25k 25,000.00$ Approach Roadway Assuming 400' total approach work @ $25/sq ft Length Ave Width Area Cost ft ft sq ft $/sq ft 400 50 20000 25 500,000.00$ -$ Utilities - Assume $100k Relocation of existing overhead and gas line 100,000.00$ Mobilization (10%)244,893.50$ -$ Total 2,693,828.50$ -$ Construction Programming Total 2,694,000.00$ -$ PE Rate 21% Assuming $150K environmental, $30K Surveying, $60K Geotech, $30K Hydro, $300K Design/PS&E CE Rate 15% Contingency Rate 25% Direct Cost Indirect Costs HBP Participating Costs Target Dates PE 570,000.00$ 570,000.00$ 5/1/2017 R/W 25,000.00$ 25,000.00$ 2/1/2019 CON 2,694,000.00$ CE 404,100.00$ Cont 673,500.00$ Subtotal 3,771,600.00$ -$ 3,771,600.00$ 2/1/2020 Advertise 10/1/2021 Complete Total Participating 4,366,600.00$ HBP %88.53% Toll Credit Match %11.47% Check Total 17/18 18/19 21/22 HBP Local 25%50%0% HBP 126,155.25$ 252,310.50$ 504,621.00$ Local 16,344.75$ 32,689.50$ 65,379.00$ 570,000.00$ 0%0%0% HBP -$ -$ 22,132.50$ Local -$ -$ 2,867.50$ 25,000.00$ 0%0%50% HBP -$ -$ 1,669,498.74$ 3,338,997.48$ Local -$ -$ 216,301.26$ 432,602.52$ 3,771,600.00$ Total 142,500.00$ 285,000.00$ 1,885,800.00$ 3,865,750.98$ 500,849.02$ 4,366,600.00$ 88.53%11.47% Schedule Assumptions NEPA CE and CEQA IS/MND w/ Studies 2 years Final Design + RW 3 years Construction 2 years ATTACHMENT C 1 of 4 161,250.00$ 1,892,050.00$ CON, CE, CONT 0% 50% -$ 1,669,498.74$ -$ 216,301.26$ RW 75% 25% 16,599.38$ 5,533.13$ 2,150.63$ 716.88$ PE 25% 0% 126,155.25$ -$ 16,344.75$ -$ Federal Fiscal Year (FFY)Total 19/20 20/21 (width = 12' lanes, 8' shoulder, 5' SW = 50') San Luis Obispo Creek Bridge (Br. No. 49C0380) at Santa Fe Road Assuming single-span PC/PS WF Girder Bridge per Alternative #2 H. Chou Bridge length is 120'9/9/2016 Existing Structure width = 23'-0" Proposed Structure width - two 1' barrier, two 5' SW, two 8' shoulder,two 12' lanes = 52'-0" HBP Participating Not HBP Participating Widen Bridge Length Width Area Cost PC/PS WF Girder ft ft sq ft $/sq ft 120 52 6240 300 1,872,000.00$ -$ Bridge Removal Length Cost ft ft sq ft $/sq ft 23 23 529 15 7,935.00$ -$ Slope Protection Assuming $25k at each abutment and pier 50,000.00$ -$ Canal Work Canal repair/restoration - Assume $0k Environmental mitigation assume $50k 50,000.00$ -$ Detour - assume $25k 25,000.00$ Approach Roadway Assuming 400' total approach work @ $25/sq ft Length Ave Width Area Cost ft ft sq ft $/sq ft 400 50 20000 25 500,000.00$ -$ Utilities - Assume $100k Relocation of existing overhead and gas line 100,000.00$ Mobilization (10%)260,493.50$ -$ Total 2,865,428.50$ -$ Construction Programming Total 2,865,000.00$ -$ PE Rate 20% Assuming $150K environmental, $30K Surveying, $60K Geotech, $30K Hydro, $300K Design/PS&E CE Rate 15% Contingency Rate 25% Direct Cost Indirect Costs HBP Participating Costs Target Dates PE 570,000.00$ 570,000.00$ 5/1/2017 R/W 25,000.00$ 25,000.00$ 2/1/2019 CON 2,865,000.00$ CE 429,750.00$ Cont 716,250.00$ Subtotal 4,011,000.00$ -$ 4,011,000.00$ 2/1/2020 Advertise 10/1/2021 Complete Total Participating 4,606,000.00$ HBP %88.53%4,077,691.80$ Toll Credit Match %11.47%528,308.20$ Check Total 17/18 18/19 21/22 HBP Local 25%50%0% HBP 126,155.25$ 252,310.50$ 504,621.00$ Local 16,344.75$ 32,689.50$ 65,379.00$ 570,000.00$ 0%0%0% HBP -$ -$ 22,132.50$ Local -$ -$ 2,867.50$ 25,000.00$ 0%0%50% HBP -$ -$ 1,775,469.15$ 3,550,938.30$ Local -$ -$ 230,030.85$ 460,061.70$ 4,011,000.00$ Total 142,500.00$ 285,000.00$ 2,005,500.00$ 4,077,691.80$ 528,308.20$ 4,606,000.00$ 88.53%11.47% Schedule Assumptions NEPA CE and CEQA IS/MND w/ Studies 2 years CE+PE 999,750.00$ Final Design + RW 3 years CON+Cont 3,581,250.00$ Construction 2 years ATTACHMENT C 1 of 4 161,250.00$ 2,011,750.00$ CON, CE, CONT 0% 50% -$ 1,775,469.15$ -$ 230,030.85$ RW 75% 25% 16,599.38$ 5,533.13$ 2,150.63$ 716.88$ 19/20 20/21 PE 25% 0% 126,155.25$ -$ 16,344.75$ -$ (width = 12' lanes, 8' shoulder, 5' SW = 50') Federal Fiscal Year (FFY)Total ClibPDF - www.fastio.com ClibPDF - www.fastio.com ClibPDF - www.fastio.com City of San Luis Obispo AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN August 2005 Revised September 2014 City of San Luis Obispo Community Development Department 919 Palm Street San Luis Obispo, CA 93401-3249 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS City Council Jan Howell Marx, Mayor Carlyn Christianson, Vice Mayor Dan Carpenter John Ashbaugh Kathy Smith Planning Commission John Larson, Chairman Michael Multari, Vice Chairman Hemalata Dandekar Michael Draze John Fowler Ronald Malak William Riggs Administration Katie Lichtig, City Manager Michael Codron, Assistant City Manager Bob Hill, Natural Resources Manager Lee Johnson, Economic Development Manager Community Development Department Derek Johnson, Director Kim Murry, Deputy Director Phil Dunsmore, Senior Planner Public Works Department Timothy Scott Bochum, Deputy Director Cover Photo taken from Cal Fire Aircraft by Natural Resources Manager Bob Hill, September, 2013 Fire Department Garret Olson, Chief Consultants Wallace Roberts & Todd, LLC. – Planning and Urban Design Boyle Engineering, Inc. – Water and Storm Drainage Brown and Caldwell, Inc. – Wastewater Fehr & Peers Associates, Inc. – Transportation Jones & Stokes Associates, Inc. – Environmental Goodwin Consulting Group – Finance CONTENTS The Airport Area Specific Plan was originally adopted on August 23, 2005, by Council Resolution #9726. The following sections of the document were also adopted by Ordinance Number 1481, as an amendment to the City of San Luis Obispo Zoning Regulations: Chapter 4: Table 4.3 - Allowed Uses Chapter 4: Section 4.4 - Development Intensity Standards Chapter 5: Standards 5.1.1 through 5.19.9 exclusively Chapter 6: Standards 6.4.1.1 through 6.4.9.4 exclusively The Airport Area Specific Plan was comprehensively amended on September 2, 2014 in response to the Chevron Remediation and Development project, by Council Resolution #10558 A note on dimensions: This Specific Plan continues the City’s recent practice of using metric measurements in its planning documents. Linear dimensions are generally given to the nearest meter (or half meter), with the English equivalent to the nearest foot. Precise conversions will show that the two distances are not exactly the same. The metric dimension is intended to control. Since most architects, builders, and suppliers still use the English system (feet and inches), strict adherence to metric dimensions will not be required in the field. The differences are expected to have no effect on neighborhood character or development costs (For example, a 1-meter side yard is equivalent to 3 feet 3 inches, while a 6-meter street yard is equivalent to 19 feet 8 inches). VISION STATEMENT & PLAN SUMMARY VISION STATEMENT i RE-USE & REGENERATION i VALUE ENHANCEMENT ii SMART AND SUSTAINABLE GROWTH ii PLAN SUMMARY iii 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1 INTENT 1-1 LEGAL CONTEXT 1-1 AUTHORITY TO PREPARE 1-1 RELATIONSHIP TO GENERAL PLAN 1-2 ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW 1-2 PLANNING CONTEXT 1-3 APPROACH TO PLANNING 1-3 THE BACKGROUND TO THE PLAN 1-3 THE PLANNING PROCESS 1-5 ORGANIZATION OF THE SPECIFIC PLAN 1-7 2.0 THE PLANNING AREA 2-1 PROJECT LOCATION 2-1 PLANNING AREA CHARACTER 2-3 THE NATURAL SETTING 2-3 THE LAND USE SETTING 2-3 3.0 CONSERVATION & RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 3-1 INTENT 3-1 BACKGROUND 3-2 OPEN SPACE RESOURCES 3-3 CREEKS 3-3 WETLAND RESOURCES 3-4 NATIVE GRASSLANDS 3-5 RARE SPECIES HABITAT 3-5 AGRICULTURAL OPEN SPACE AND THE CITY GREENBELT 3-8 SCENIC RESOURCES 3-9 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORIC RESOURCES 3-9 HAZARDS RELATED TO OPEN SPACE LANDS 3-10 FLOODING 3-10 PETROLEUM CONTAMINATION 3-10 AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS 3-11 3.1 CONSERVATION GOALS 3-12 3.2 CONSERVATION POLICIES 3-13 3.3 CONSERVATION PROGRAMS 3-17 4.0 LAND USE 4-1 INTENT 4-1 LAND USE BACKGROUND 4-2 LAND USE PROGRAM 4-3 RELATIONSHIP TO THE GENERAL PLAN 4-5 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 4-5 SPECIAL AREAS 4-5 4.1 LAND USE GOALS 4-6 4.2 LAND USE DESIGNATIONS AND ZONING 4-9 4.2.1 BUSINESS PARK 4-11 4.2.2 SERVICE COMMERCIAL 4-11 4.2.3 MANUFACTURING 4-11 4.2.4 PUBLIC FACILITY 4-11 4.2.5 MEDIUM-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL 4-11 4.2.6 OPEN SPACE 4-11 4.2.7 AGRICULTURE 4-12 4.3 LAND USE POLICIES 4-12 4.4 DEVELOPMENT INTENSITY STANDARDS 4-20 4.4.1 PARCEL DIMENSIONS 4-20 4.4.2 BUILDING INTENSITY AND COVERAGE 4-20 4.4.3 EMPLOYEE AND CUSTOMER CONCENTRATIONS 4-20 4.4.4 BUILDING SETBACK STANDARDS 4-20 4.4.5 PARKING REQUIREMENTS 4-20 4.4.6 BUILDING HEIGHT 4-21 4.4.7 AMENITY INCENTIVES 4-21 4.4.8 PROPERTY CONDITION 4-22 4.5 DETAILED AREA PLAN 4-23 4.5.1 CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT ZONE 4-23 5.0 COMMUNITY DESIGN 5-1 INTENT 5-1 GOALS, GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS 5-10 SITE PLANNING AND ORGANIZATION 5-10 PRESERVATION OF VIEWS AND SCENIC RESOURCES 5-18 ARCHITECTURE 5-25 LANDSCAPE 5-31 6.0 CIRCULATION & TRANSPORTATION 6-1 INTENT 6-1 CIRCULATION BACKGROUND 6-2 SETTING 6-2 6.1 CIRCULATION AND TRANSPORTATION GOALS 6-2 6.2 CIRCULATION AND TRANSPORTATION PLAN 6-3 6.2.1 CIRCULATION SYSTEM CLASSIFICATIONS 6-3 6.2.2 LOCAL STREETS AND ACCESS 6-4 6.2.3 PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS 6-4 6.2.4 PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE CIRCULATION 6-6 6.2.5 TRUCK TRANSPORTATION 6-9 6.2.6 SCENIC ROADWAYS 6-10 6.2.7 TRANSIT PLAN 6-10 6.2.8 PROPOSED TRANSIT ROUTES 6-11 6.3 CIRCULATION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMS 6-12 6.4 DESIGN GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS 6-16 6.4.1 REGIONAL HIGHWAY 6-16 6.4.2 PARKWAY ARTERIALS 6-17 6.4.3 ARTERIALS 6-18 8.3.2 ALLOCATION METHODOLOGY 8-6 6.4.4 COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL COLLECTORS 6-20 8.3.3 INFRASTRUCTURE PHASING 8-8 6.4.5 LOCAL STREETS 6-21 8.3.4 WATER FACILITIES 8-8 6.4.6 LANDSCAPED MEDIANS 6-22 8.3.5 WASTEWATER FACILITIES 8-8 6.4.7 INTERSECTIONS AND DRIVEWAYS 6-23 8.3.6 TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES 8-9 6.4.8 PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE FACILITIES 6-25 8.3.7 STORM DRAINAGE FACILITIES 8-10 6.4.9 TRANSPORTATION DEMAND MANAGEMENT 6-27 8.3.8 SPECIFIC PLAN COSTS 8-10 6.4.10 TIMING OF IMPROVEMENTS 6-28 8.4.1 MELLO-ROOS COMMUNITY FACILITIES ACT OF 1982 8-10 7.0 UTILITIES & SERVICES 7-1 8.4.2 IMPACT FEES 8-13 8.4.3 DEVELOPER FINANCING 8-13 8.4 FINANCING METHODS 8-10 INTENT 7-1 7.1 STORM DRAINAGE 7-2 7.2 WATER 7-4 7.3 WASTEWATER 7-5 7.4 ENERGY 7-5 7.5 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 7-5 7.6 FUTURE HIGH-SPEED DATA ACCESS 7-5 7.7 UNDERGROUNDING 7-6 7.8 PHASING AND COORDINATION 7-6 7.9 PUBLIC SAFETY 7-6 7.9.1 FIRE PROTECTION 7-6 7.9.2 POLICE PROTECTION 7-7 8.0 PUBLIC FACILITIES FINANCING 8-1 INTENT 8-1 8.1 CITY FINANCING POLICIES 8-2 8.1.1 GENERAL FINANCING POLICIES 8-2 8.1.2 LAND-SECURED FINANCING POLICIES 8-3 8.2 LAND USE ASSUMPTIONS 8-4 8.2.1 LAND USES 8-4 8.2.2 LAND USE ABSORPTION ESTIMATES 8-4 8.3 COST ESTIMATES AND ALLOCATION 8-4 8.3.1 SUMMARY OF COST ESTIMATES 8-4 8.5 RECOMMENDED PROJECT FINANCING STRATEGY 8-13 8.5.1 OVERVIEW 8-13 8.5.2 IMPACT FEE ANALYSIS 8-14 8.6 IMPLEMENTATION AND ADMINISTRATION 8-14 8.6.1 UPDATES AND REVISIONS 8-15 8.6.2 INDIVIDUAL PROJECT APPLICATIONS AND DEVELOPER REIMBURSEMENTS 8-15 8.6.3 ACTION ITEMS FOR THE CITY 8-15 9.0 IMPLEMENTATION 9-1 9.1 ANNEXATION 9-1 9.2 ZONING 9-1 9.3 SUBDIVISION 9-1 9.4 ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW 9-2 9.5 BUILDING PERMITS 9-2 9.6 PUBLIC FACILITIES FINANCING 9-2 9.7 INTERPRETATION AND AMENDMENT 9-3 9.8 ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW 9-3 9.9 CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMMING AND BUDGET 9-4 APPENDIX A-1 Required Mitigation Measures A-1 INTRODUCTION | 1-1 1.0 INTRODUCTION INTENT The Airport Area Specific Plan provides a comprehensive land use program for the planning area along with goals, policies, programs, guidelines and development standards to guide future public and private actions. These actions relate to the area’s physical development, as well as the conservation of open space and natural resources. In addition, the Plan includes detailed information on necessary infrastructure improvements, and a strategy for insuring the Plan’s implementation. The Plan also provides a mechanism to insure that development proposed by planning area landowners will be coordinated and occur in an orderly manner. LEGAL CONTEXT AUTHORITY TO PREPARE A “specific plan” is a planning and regulatory tool made available to local governments by the State of California. By law, specific plans are intended to implement a city or county’s general plan through the development of policies, programs and regulations which provide an intermediate level of detail between the general plan and individual development projects. As vehicles for the implementation of the goals and policies of a community’s general plan, State law stipulates that specific plans can be adopted or 1-2 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN amended only if they are consistent with the jurisdiction’s adopted general plan. The authority to prepare and adopt specific plans and the requirements for its contents are set forth in the California Government Code, Sections 65450 through 65457. The law requires that a specific plan include text and diagrams specifying: the distribution, location, and intensity of land uses, including open space, within the plan area; the distribution, location, and capacity of infrastructure, including transportation, water, storm drainage, solid waste, and energy systems; design standards and criteria for development and use of natural resources; and an implementation program, including capital improvements plans, regulation and financing strategies. The standards contained in the Specific Plan have been adopted by ordinance and are enforceable to the same extent as standards contained in the Zoning Regulations and other City Codes. RELATIONSHIP TO GENERAL PLAN Together, the City’s General Plan and the Airport Area Specific Plan provide a framework to guide future land use and development decisions in the 1,500-acre planning area. The Specific Plan is consistent with, and serves as an extension of, the San Luis Obispo General Plan, and can be used as both a policy and a regulatory document. When private development proposals within the planning area are brought before the City, the planning staff will use the Specific Plan as a guide for project review. Projects will be evaluated for consistency with the intent of plan policies and for conformance with development standards and design guidelines. For projects within the Specific Plan area, policies and standards in the Airport Area Specific Plan will take precedence over more general policies and standards applied throughout the rest of the city. In situations where policies or standards relating to a particular subject have not been provided in the Specific Plan, the existing policies and standards of the City’s General Plan and Zoning Ordinance will continue to apply. ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW The Airport Area Specific Plan constitutes a “project” under the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), and has been evaluated for its potential to create adverse effects on the environment. To meet CEQA requirements, an Environmental Impact Report (EIR) was prepared to assess the potential direct and indirect environmental effects associated with the urban development proposed for the area. Because the Airport Area Specific Plan has been prepared in conjunction with master plans for water, wastewater and storm drainage, and coordinated with the Margarita Area Specific Plan, the EIR also analyzed the environmental consequences of these associated projects. The preparation of a joint EIR for the two Specific Plans and associated infrastructure master plans provides a comprehensive and integrated analysis of cumulative impacts associated with proposed changes in the Airport and Margarita areas. In 2013, a new EIR was developed to analyze a project proposal from Chevron to remediate the tank farm property and amend the land use and circulation network for the area. This EIR was developed in response to a Remedial Action Plan proposed by Chevron. The results of this EIR and plan amendment are reflected throughout this document. Although both the original environmental analysis for this document and the Chevron EIR are separate documents, it is important to note that the environmental review process has been an integral component of the planning process from the very beginning to ensure the Plan’s sensitivity to critical environmental concerns. Most of the mitigation measures adopted in each of the Final EIR’s are incorporated into the Plan’s policies, programs and standards. Appendix A includes a list of all of the additional mitigation measures from the Final EIR that apply to development in the Airport Area. For additional information, refer to the Final Program Environmental Impact Report: Airport Area and INTRODUCTION | 1-3 Margarita Area Specific Plans and Related Facilities Master Plans (City of San Luis Obispo and Jones & Stokes Associates, September 2003), and the Chevron Remediation and Development Project EIR, 2013 (City and County of San Luis Obispo/Marine Research Specialists Copies of each of the EIR’s are available for review at the City of San Luis Obispo Community Development Department or on the City’s website. PLANNING CONTEXT APPROACH TO PLANNING The “Design With Nature” approach to planning pioneered by Wallace, Roberts & Todd, LLC. and Ian McHarg, one of the firm’s founding partners, was the conceptual framework used to create this specific plan. The premise for this approach is that a systematic understanding of the environmental setting, including natural, cultural, social, and economic factors, is essential to the creation of truly sustainable human environments. Using this approach, planning is a cumulative process in which layers of information on individual factors are combined to create a more comprehensive and complex understanding of the whole. While the existing natural environment is the foundation for all subsequent decisions regarding uses and development potential, no layer works in isolation. Each layer informs and influences the other layers, resulting in a synthesis of natural and cultural patterns that is the basis for the plan. The Airport Area is not a blank canvas. Natural conditions, such as topography, vegetation and hydrology provide the basic setting. The natural context is influenced in turn by human activities associated with over a hundred years of habitation, including structures and other alterations related to agriculture, petroleum exploration, industry and aviation. City and County general plan policies also form part of the setting, expressing the community’s aspirations and expectations for the area. Finally, economic conditions, particularly as they relate to financing and implementation, represent the final layer that needs to be incorporated into the plan to ensure that the plan’s vision is a practical reality. THE BACKGROUND TO THE PLAN Historically, the planning area was used for grazing land and the cultivation of field crops. In the early part of the century, petroleum storage and distribution became a major planning area use. The County airport, which was built in the 1930’s, has grown from a small general aviation field to the principal commercial airport for the county, and a major planning area feature with influences beyond the airport property. Uses such as the mobile home park, a concrete-products plant, warehousing, building contractors and supplies, and auto salvage have long existed in the area. Over the years, available land and relatively low development costs have attracted many urban type uses to the area, at first those needing a lot of space but minimal services, and recently more intensive uses such as light manufacturing, service, and retail business. The City first proposed annexation of nearly all of the planning area in the early 1970’s. That proposal was ultimately abandoned because, at the time, there was a lack of support by a majority of the property owners in the area. Annexation of the planning area has been envisioned, in various forms and for various reasons, by the City and County for more than 30 years. During the 1970’s, City and County policy regarding type and intensity of land use in the Area diverged. The County had zoned most of the area for industrial use. Under County jurisdiction, some development occurred at intensities for which municipal water and sewer service and police and fire protection are seen as necessary or desirable. (The airport facilities themselves receive City utility service per an agreement between the two agencies that pre-dated the current requirement for annexation.) 1-4 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Each “layer” of understanding informs the planning response. Beginning in 1980, the City, County, and an association of property owners jointly began work on a specific plan for the area. The intent of the planning effort was to guide future development in a manner that would be more consistent with City and County goals, regardless of which agency had jurisdiction. Providing adequate utilities, drainage, roads, and design standards were key issues. Although that planning process did not result in the preparation or adoption of a specific plan, the initial work resulted in a conceptual land use plan that was the basis for the land use map adopted by the City when it updated its General Plan Land Use Element in 1994. When the City updated its General Plan Land Use Element in 1994, landowner interest in receiving urban services had changed enough that City policy was revised to support annexation of the area. The revised 1994 land use element designated much of the area as Services and Manufacturing, and Business Park. Due to concerns with flooding, airport compatibility, soil contamination, and stimulating excessive housing demand, much of the Chevron land was designated for Recreation, with the intent that most of the area would have only low-intensity outdoor use. Subsequent to the City’s adoption of its revised Land Use Element, the County also adopted a similar revision to its land use element in 1996. However, while supporting similar land use policies for the area and its ultimate annexation to the City, the County Land Use Element also moved the urban growth boundary outward and designated more land for urban uses than the City’s plan. In, 1994, the City General Plan policy said that before all or part of the Airport Area is annexed, a specific plan must be adopted. Since adoption of the specific plan, the City has actively pursued annexation of properties within the airport area. Properties within the airport area may be annexed if proposals for development, provision of services, and infrastructure improvements are found to be consistent with this specific plan. INTRODUCTION | 1-5 THE PLANNING PROCESS In September 1997, the City selected a multi-disciplinary team of consultants to prepare a specific plan, facility master plans (water, wastewater and storm drainage) and an environmental impact report for the 1,500-acre Airport planning area. The consultants were charged to work with City staff and the community to prepare a plan for the area that is environmentally sound, financially feasible, and advances the City’s, County’s and planning area landowners’ common goals for the Airport Area. In order to provide a sound basis for the Specific Plan, an environmental baseline study was prepared. Data was collected and evaluated for eleven categories: geology, hydrology, biological resources, air quality, noise, visual resources, cultural resources, hazardous materials contamination, land use, infrastructure and transportation. To the degree possible, information related to each of these factors was mapped. Each factor was then evaluated for its implications for future uses and rated according to its environmental sensitivity. Ultimately, the maps for the key environmental factors were overlaid to create a composite map that identified areas of environmental sensitivity (i.e., most constrained for use or modification). This synthesis of environmental sensitivities provided the foundation for formulating the land use plan and appropriate responses to infrastructure and circulation needs. While these technical studies were being prepared the consultants worked with the staff and interested public in a series of public meetings to make more explicit the Plan’s goals, objectives, and assumptions. In particular, the consultants held a series of urban design workshops to explore with staff, landowners and the Architectural Review Commission those characteristics of the local landscape that make the Airport Area distinctive, and identify possible implications for development patterns and built form in the area. This process resulted in a set of Airport Area “development principles” that have guided the formulation of design and site planning standards for the proposed development. City staff also held a number of Focus Group meetings with key landowners and interested parties to address planning assumptions regarding issues such as appropriate land use mix and development intensities. In addition, numerous meetings were held and presentations were made to interested groups and concerned citizens such as the Association of Manufacturers and Distributors, County Staff, Environmental Center of San Luis Obispo County, environmental leaders, Farm Bureau, Pilots Association, San Luis Obispo Chamber of Commerce, and Chevron representatives. Using the General Plan Land Use Element’s recommendations for land use and development intensity, along with input from the environmental analyses and the Focus Groups, the consultants prepared a series of alternative development scenarios for the planning area. Each alternative explored different approaches to achieving City, County and landowner objectives for the area. In conjunction with these land use scenarios, the consultant team also prepared a series of infrastructure scenarios to determine how to most efficiently and effectively accommodate the alternative development scenarios. The City Council reviewed the Airport Area Specific Plan during three public hearings on June 14, July 26, and August 23, 2005. During those public hearings the Council chose to adopt Land Use Alternative Three from the Final EIR. This alternative expanded the Plan’s boundaries south and east to match the Urban Services Line adopted by the County in the SLO Area Plan. The purpose of this boundary change was to insure that all development proposed on the southern boundary of the City would have access to urban services. In combination with the City’s efforts to secure open space land in the area south of Buckley Road, the change provides for a defined boundary between urban development and the City’s greenbelt. Beginning in 2008, Chevron began working with the City and County of San Luis Obispo towards a plan to remediate and develop portions of their 332 acre property. he remediation portion of their project addresses soil and groundwater contamination identified as potential human health or ecological 1-6 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Constraints analysis identifies areas of environmental sensitivity. risks as agreed upon by the resources agencies (Fish & Wildlife, Regional Water Board, County Environmental Health, City Natural Resources) participating in the Surface Evaluation, Remediation, and Restoration Team (SERRT) process and reviewing the proposed remedial actions for the Project Site. With the resource evaluations completed for the Chevron tank farm property as part of the EIR process completed in 2013, new information about sensitive habitat and remediation activities drove the need to amend the land use and circulation network. Land uses and proposed roads have now been adjusted to preserve sensitive habitat while preserving open space and allowing for some development on areas that were formerly contaminated as a result of the 1926 tank farm disaster. Urban design workshops contributed valuable input to the Specific Plan process. INTRODUCTION | 1-7 ORGANIZATION OF THE SPECIFIC PLAN This Specific Plan is organized to provide a step-by-step understanding of the Plan’s components and the rationale behind its policy recommendations, design concepts, and implementation measures. The first three chapters are primarily descriptive of the plan, the planning context, and the existing setting. The goals, policies, standards, guidelines, and implementation measures that will regulate future development in the Airport Area are presented in subsequent chapters. Chapters in the Specific Plan include: 1.0 Introduction - establishes the broad purpose of the Specific Plan, describes the legislative authority under which specific plans exist, summarizes the general conditions and sequence of events leading up to the Plan’s preparation, and outlines the organization of the Plan. 2.0 The Planning Area - describes the location and general character of the planning area, and identifies ownership patterns and key environmental factors that influence the Plan’s form and policies. 3.0 Conservation and Resource Management - describes the planning area’s natural and cultural resources, including vegetation, wildlife, hydrology, agriculture, historic features and open space resources, and associated policies, including those relating to resource protection and public use. 4.0 Land Use - identifies land use goals and policies, and describes the land use patterns and associated development concepts. 5.0 Community Design - sets forth design concepts, policies and objectives, and translates them into standards and guidelines for streets, yards, open space, grading, siting, landscaping, buildings and other physical features. 6.0 Circulation and Transportation - describes the circulation network and identifies the components and design standards required to accommodate efficient access and movement of vehicles, pedestrians, and bicyclists in and around the Airport Area. 7.0 Utilities - describes infrastructure improvements and costs necessary to provide adequate sewer, water, and storm drainage to proposed development in the area, and identifies service agency policies and plans. 8.0 Financing - identifies the major infrastructure costs associated with the Specific Plan, and identifies how these costs will be financed. 9.0 Implementation - describes policies, regulations and ordinances that must be adopted or amended to implement the plan, and identifies development approval procedures, capital improvements, financing programs, and development phasing recommendations. 1-8 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN This page intentionally left blank PLANNING AREA | 2-1 2.0 THE PLANNING AREA Each ‘layer’ of understanding informs the planning response. PROJECT LOCATION The Airport Area is located approximately 2.5 miles south of downtown San Luis Obispo, within the City’s Urban Reserve. As shown in Figure 2-1, the Margarita Area and the South Street Hills open space area bound the area to the north, while urban development in the incorporated areas along South Higuera Street and Broad Street borders the Area to the west and east respectively. The agricultural lands of the Edna Valley border the area to the south and southeast, and the Davenport Hills and Irish Hills are located to the south and southwest. U.S. Highway 101, which lies approximately a half mile to the west and generally parallel to the Project Area, provides regional access. The Union Pacific Railroad corridor lies parallel to and approximately the same distance to the east of the planning area. Broad Street and South Higuera Street both carry north-south traffic to and from the area. Tank Farm Road and Buckley Road both provide local east-west access through the site. 2-2 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Figure 2-1 Project Location PLANNING AREA | 2-3 PLANNING AREA CHARACTER THE NATURAL SETTING The Airport Area, which includes approximately 1,500 acres, is located on the floor of the Los Osos Valley, within the San Luis Obispo Creek alluvial plain. The area has a relatively level topography that slopes gradually to the southwest. Site vegetation consists primarily of grasslands and agricultural fields. The few trees in the planning area are limited to isolated riparian areas and development areas. Tributaries to San Luis Obispo Creek, including Acacia, Orcutt, Tank Farm and East Branch creeks, flow through the area. Some of these creeks have periodic flooding that affects development potential, but flooding is most common, and widespread, in the western portion of the planning area along Tank Farm Creek. The combination of creeks, flooding and relatively flat topography has resulted in substantial areas of freshwater marsh, seasonal wetlands and riparian woodland and scrub being established in the low-lying areas of the site, particularly within the Chevron property. All three habitat types are considered sensitive biological communities that need protection. Patches of another sensitive biological community, Valley Needlegrass Grassland, also known as Serpentine Bunch Grassland (Chevron EIR, 2013), have been identified on the Chevron property north of Tank Farm Road. While the visual quality and design character of the airport and existing industrial and service commercial development is generally not very strong, the planning area’s visual setting is quite dramatic and highly scenic. The planning area’s location on an alluvial plain with few visually significant topographic, vegetative, or man-made features within its boundaries contributes to a very open visual character. This openness allows for sweeping views of the scenic rural and agricultural open space and the distinctive peaks and ridgelines that ring the area. View of Margarita and Airport areas from South Street Hills. Davenport Hills form the background. The LAND USE SETTING Development Patterns Planning area land use is characterized by a mixture of open space and urban development. Although unevenly dispersed throughout the area, urban development is generally located in the southeastern and southwestern portions of the Airport Area, near the Broad Street and South Higuera Street corridors. Concentrations of development occur in the Suburban Road and Vachell Lane area on the west side of the planning area, and in the vicinity of the County airport in the east side of the area. While roughly three quarters of the parcels in the planning area have some development on them, many are only partially developed (i.e., major portions of a parcel are unused or underutilized), in part due to infrastructure restrictions. Approximately one third of the area appears to be developed and fully utilized (i.e., more than three quarters of its land area is developed for urban uses), one third is partially developed, and one third is currently undeveloped. Rough calculations indicate that the planning area currently has approximately two million 2-4 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN square feet of building floor area, and, as would be expected, given the number of storage yards and other low density uses in the area, floor area ratios are generally quite low. The average FAR for the developed parcels appears to be less than 0.20. Multi-tenant developments such as this one on Fiero Lane reflect recent trends in business park development. While undeveloped parcels exist throughout the planning area, the entire central portion of the Airport Area is generally undeveloped. The 332-acre Chevron property comprises the majority of this central area. The Chevron property was originally owned by Union Oil, which reorganized as Unocal in the 1980s and was purchased by Chevron in 2005. In the early part of this century, the Chevron property was developed as a petroleum tank farm with a number of below-grade reservoirs and above-grade tanks for storing and distributing crude oil. However, the use of the site declined beginning in 1926 when a lightning strike ignited a major fire, resulting in the spilling of large amounts of oil and tar across much of the site. Although re-built and used into the early 1990’s, most of the site is now decommissioned and the majority of the tanks have been dismantled, but the circular berms that once enclosed the storage tanks remain as evidence of the former use. Land Use Patterns In addition to the San Luis Obispo County Regional Airport, uses in the developed areas include a variety of primarily industrial, light industrial and service uses. Other than a couple of scattered individual residences, the only concentration of residential development is the 8 acre mobile home park located north of Tank Farm Road, along the east side of Acacia Creek. While the uses in both the eastern and western portions of the planning area consist of a mixture of manufacturing, warehousing, wholesaling, storage, and commercial service uses, the character of the two areas is different. The development in the western planning area (along Suburban Road, Vachell Lane, and Tank Farm Road) generally tends to be older and more typically industrial in character, with lower development intensities and less emphasis on non-essential improvements or amenities (e.g., street improvements, architectural character, landscaping, coordinated signage, etc.). The area is characterized by larger manufacturing facilities interspersed with multi-tenant complexes, distribution centers and a number of large construction and storage yards. While there are some larger employers in the area (e.g., Spice Hunter, and Trust Automation), the number of employees per acre is relatively low, with land-extensive businesses like San Luis Ready Mix, Alamo Self Storage, and San Luis Paper Company having few employees working on-site. The San Luis Obispo County Regional Airport has a strong influence on the eastside of the planning area. Surrounding the Airport are businesses that serve and rely on proximity to aviation. These businesses tend to be more industrial in character. While having some open storage yards and warehousing facilities, the eastside of the planning area seems to be building out in a denser more capital-intensive fashion with more attention to development character. The eastside also seems to have fewer traditional industrial uses and more emphasis on research and development uses and the high technology industry. The development of multi- tenant complexes such as those on Fiero Lane, and large single tenant businesses such as Howard Strasbaugh, Inc. result in PLANNING AREA | 2-5 much higher employment densities than exist in the western planning area. As mentioned above, the large open space area that occupies the central portion of the planning area is not actively used at this point. Instead, it is characterized by fenced grazing land and is scarred by the massive berms and empty reservoirs of the former oil storage tank farm. In addition to surface and subsurface soil contamination that remain in the area from the explosion and fire at the Tank Farm, former uses have also altered the area’s topography, leaving the tank farm berms and the quarry excavations. Chevron plans to remediate the site by removing some of the remaining surface contaminated soil and grading and covering some of the former tank basins. Plans include extensive restoration of creeks, grassland habitat and wetlands, reserving areas outside of sensitive habitat zones for future development. Chevron’s plans are likely to result in extensive aesthetic changes to the Tank Farm Road corridor as infrastructure is reconstructed, habitat is improved, chain link fences are removed, and portions of the former tank farm is converted to public open space. 2-6 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN This page intentionally left blank CONSERVATION & OPEN SPACE | 3-1 3.0 CONSERVATION & RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Each ‘layer’ of understanding informs the planning response. INTENT A major objective of the AASP is the preservation and enhancement of important natural resources and open space. Physical development and resource conservation within the Airport Area are seen as inter-related strategies for maintaining a sustainable, high-quality environment for the San Luis Obispo community. The General Plan says that open space and natural resources within the City’s planning area need to be managed for long-term public benefit. The intent of this chapter is to interpret and implement City General Plan policy regarding open space and resource conservation as it applies to the Airport Area. Specific resources addressed in the plan include vegetation, wildlife, creeks, wetlands, and scenic and historic features. In the context of the Airport Area, open space lands are predominantly rural, undeveloped, and, in limited instances, natural in character. Some of these lands contain sensitive natural resources, while others have been clearly degraded and transformed by past uses. As used in the Plan, “conservation” refers to the protection, enhancement and sustainable use of the area’s natural and open space resources. The Plan is predicated on the belief that, over the long term, practicing conservation and protecting the area’s open space will make life more enjoyable for those living and working in the area. Numerous economic and intangible benefits are to be gained 3-2 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN through the conservation of the area’s open space and natural resources. CONSERVATION AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT BACKGROUND Although much of it is not currently developed, the planning area has a rich history of use. During the Spanish Mission period, the planning area was an expanse of grassland with patches of brush, meandering, willow-lined streams, and marshes and seasonal ponds. The 1800’s brought grazing to the eastern part of the area, and row crops on the nearly level, alluvial soils in the western part. These uses dominated the area until establishment of the Union Oil Company petroleum storage complex, known as the “tank farm,” in the central portion of the area during the early 1900’s. The explosion and fire in 1926 resulted in significant quantities of oil soaking into the ground. 1926 Tank Farm Disaster Thriving wetlands have developed in area’s that have been severely impacted by past oil company practices. The combination of this catastrophic event with various leaks during operation of the facility has resulted in contamination of the soil throughout much of the central area, most of it not obvious from the ground surface. As part of Chevron’s plan for remediation, this central area would be restored and enhanced as habitat area. The airport, which was originally developed as a private, grass- field facility in 1931, was acquired by the County in 1940. Paving, lights, and navigational aids were first introduced to the facility during the 1940’s as part of the war effort. Also at that time, storage and manufacturing uses began to be developed in the area. It was not until the 1980’s, however, that the majority of the airport facilities and other existing businesses were developed. At this point in time, approximately one third of the planning area appears to be fully developed. Another third is partially developed, and the remaining third has no development on it. CONSERVATION & OPEN SPACE | 3-3 Existing open space resources in the planning area consist of land that either has not been developed, or, in the case of the Chevron property, on land that was previously developed. Most of the tank farm facilities were removed from the Chevron property in the 1990’s, thus much of the area has reverted to open space. Portions of the property have been leased for cattle grazing, and wetlands and grasslands are re-emerging on previously developed parts of the Chevron property. In addition to those parcels that simply have not been developed, or have been only partially developed, a significant component of the area’s open space is the numerous creek corridors and wetlands that extend through the area. In the larger context, the planning area is a transitional area between urban development and rural open space. The southern edge of the Airport Area is also the southern boundary of the City’s urban reserve and is intended to be the ultimate urban boundary for the City. Land to the south of the area is primarily in agricultural and rural uses. In accordance with General Plan policy, the City is working to establish a greenbelt along its southern boundary as a means of preventing urban sprawl into the Edna Valley, protecting natural resources and agricultural productivity, and preserving the City’s rural setting. In addition to the agricultural open space to the south, the South Street Hills and various creek corridors are significant open space resources to the north of the planning area. OPEN SPACE RESOURCES The principal natural resources to be protected include habitat areas such as creeks, wetlands and remnants of native grasslands. While some of these areas are in good condition, others have been degraded by past land use practices. Thus, the planning area affords opportunities to restore and enhance natural habitat, while also achieving other objectives. In addition to sensitive habitat areas, other open space resources include the rural character and sense of openness provided by undeveloped lands, and the scenic views of the surrounding rural lands and distinctive landforms. CREEKS As in the rest of the San Luis Obispo community, creeks are an important open space resource because they collect and carry stormwater, support riparian vegetation, provide wildlife habitat, and add visual interest to the landscape. As shown in Figure 3-1, the Airport Area is bisected by two distinct clusters of creeks and their tributaries that flow south/southwest through the area. Both creek clusters are, in fact, tributaries to the East Branch of San Luis Obispo Creek, and they all converge at a point just south of the Buckley Road/Vachell Lane intersection. The east side of the planning area is traversed by Acacia Creek, Orcutt Creek, and East Branch of San Luis Obispo Creek. The west side is traversed by a previously unnamed creek, referred to in this document as Tank Farm Creek. Creeks also present constraints to development due to flooding both on-site and downstream. The intent of the Specific Plan is to preserve and enhance the creeks’ positive attributes while minimizing the development constraints that result from periodic flooding. The City’s General Plan includes a number of policies that address the protection and enhancement of the City’s creeks and riparian corridors. These policies are incorporated into this Specific Plan by reference in order to emphasize the importance placed on the planning area creeks as valuable resources. East Branch of San Luis Obispo Creek This important local waterway varies considerably in condition and habitat quality as it passes through the planning area. There is evidence that the reach below (i.e., west of) Santa Fe Road was realigned many years ago. However, vegetation in this section has since recovered and is in generally good condition. Most of this reach is bounded by a tall, patchy canopy of sycamores, willows, and cottonwoods, although vegetation in the southernmost section appears to have been adversely affected by adjacent agricultural activities. The creek channel contains several pools and areas 3-4 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN with open sunny banks. As recently as 1998, southern steelhead were observed in the pools, and the banks provided sunning areas for a large number of southwestern pond turtles. The reach upstream of Santa Fe Road (i.e., between Santa Fe and Broad Street) has been realigned and/or partially cleared more recently and is not fully recovered. The vegetation in this reach includes several large sycamores and at least two very large oaks, along with clumps of willows. The vegetation is denser and more mature on the south bank; the north bank appears to have been the bank that was most disturbed. This section of the creek corridor has also had large pieces of debris such as asphalt, concrete, and metal dumped along the bank in an effort to stabilize it. This material is unsightly, and may contribute to local turbulence and other flow problems. Whereas the reach of East Branch Creek downstream of Santa Fe Road is bounded by open space, development in the area upstream of Santa Fe Road is situated fairly close to the creek, approaching the top of bank in some cases. Acacia Creek Acacia Creek enters the planning area from the Damon-Garcia Sportsfield Complex in the southeast corner of the Margarita Area. From there it flows south along the west side of the mobile home park, under Tank Farm Road, and then along the west side of Santa Fe Road to its confluence with East Branch of San Luis Obispo Creek. The Margarita Area Specific Plan calls for the Acacia Creek corridor to be a generously wide (not less than 120 feet) corridor to accommodate wildlife movement. Although there is little woody riparian cover on the reach immediately north of the planning area, there is a mature cover of willows and exotic vegetation, chiefly eucalyptus, along the reach within the planning area. Acacia Creek offers significant opportunities for enhancement both in terms of habitat and as an open space trail corridor linking the planning area to the Margarita Area, Damon- Garcia Park and other areas to the north. Orcutt Creek Orcutt Creek also enters the planning area from the proposed park in the southeast corner of the Margarita Area, approximately 300 feet east of Acacia Creek. Orcutt Creek carries stormwater that overflows from Acacia Creek. The Orcutt Creek channel extends south under Tank Farm Road, and then along the east side of Santa Fe Road to its confluence with Acacia Creek just above the point where the latter joins East Branch of San Luis Obispo Creek. Habitat value along the creek corridor is low to very low; in many areas the creek is little more than a ditch. Some riparian vegetation exists along Orcutt Creek near its confluence with Acacia Creek. Tank Farm Creek Tank Farm Creek is the name applied to the cluster of drainages that traverse the western portion of the Chevron property. The creek, which enters the planning area from the north as three small tributaries, converges into a single channel on the Chevron property, just south of Suburban Road. The flows from Tank Farm Creek are essential to the health of large areas of seasonal wetland and freshwater marsh located on the Chevron property. The channel is highly modified, particularly the West Fork and the southernmost reach of the combined channel. WETLAND RESOURCES The Airport Area contains a number of wetland resources in addition to the creeks that flow through the area, including seasonal wetlands and areas of freshwater marsh. These wetland areas provide critical habitat for both plants and animals, including several rare or threatened species, and are considered sensitive biological communities. Wetlands also play an important role in the hydrologic system, retaining floodwaters and enhancing groundwater recharge. CONSERVATION & OPEN SPACE | 3-5 The largest concentration of wetlands in the planning area occurs on the Chevron site. In fact, much of the Chevron property can be characterized as a wetland complex. Recent mapping of the Chevron property as part of the Chevron EIR, recorded 71.79 acres of wetland communities. The gradual slopes, low elevations, clay soils and former tank containment and other man-made impervious surfaces allow winter rains to create substantial ponds, which are attractive to waterfowl and support several plant and animal species of concern. Some ponds and wetlands have long existed in low-lying parts of the property, while others have formed within modified drainage channels and within the berms that encircle former oil-storage tank sites. One of the unique aspects of the Chevron property is the degree to which significant natural resources have established themselves in a landscape that has been extensively modified by man. Most of the wetland areas in the Chevron property are located in swales and depressions created by past excavation for the former oil storage facilities, and it appears that the large freshwater marsh north of Tank Farm Road is at least partially the result of the damming effect of the roadway. The combination of topography, soils, and the relative lack of recent human activity has allowed the most disturbed portions of the planning area to now include some of the highest value natural resources. The wetland areas on the Chevron property vary considerably in their diversity and habitat value, with the highest quality areas generally south of Tank Farm Road and around the large wetland area north of Tank Farm Road. Some of the latter areas may be lost to site development and road widening. City wetlands policy supports the preservation of wetland areas as open space, mitigation for lost wetland areas, the restoration of degraded wetland resources, and public use of these resources consistent with sound resource management. The following goals and policies are intended to expand upon and add specificity to existing General Plan wetland policy as it pertains to the Airport Area. NATIVE GRASSLANDS Native bunch grasses supported many of the small and large herbivores and their predators, who were members of the wildlife and human communities of the Central Coast until the late 1700’s. These deep-rooted and drought-tolerant grasses were once common throughout the valleys of central and southern California. They have since been nearly eliminated from the Central Coast because of cattle grazing, introduction of European grasses, cultivation, and urban development. Native grasslands are considered sensitive habitats by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife and by the City of San Luis Obispo. Approximately 11.5 acres in the northeastern and southerly parts of the Chevron property supports grassland with a significant component of the native perennial bunchgrass, purple needlegrass (Nassella pulchra). This area, which consists of a former quarry area, is known for its sparse vegetation and rocky, serpentine soils. However, it sustains one of the only sizable, native-dominated grassland in the Airport Area. As part of the Chevron remediation project the area known as the “flower mound” which comprises part of the grassland area in the northeast of the property is proposed to be graded and utilized for infrastructure and private development improvements. However, the restoration component of the project proposes to restore (create) equal areas of these and other habitat areas on other portions of the site. RARE SPECIES HABITAT Open space resources in the Airport Area are critical to many wildlife species, including several rare species. The greatest threat to many rare species is loss of habitat. Habitat includes the places that species need to find food, to take shelter from predators and extremes of weather, to find mates, and to raise young or leave them where sufficient numbers can survive. The Airport Area is known to host special-status wildlife and plant species. Some of the species of special concern that are known to occur in the planning area include: 3-6 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Figure 3-1 Planning Area CONSERVATION & OPEN SPACE | 3-7 Figure 3-2 San Luis Obispo Greenbelt 3-8 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Southwestern pond turtle Southern steelhead Red-legged frog Monarch butterfly Golden Eagle Northern Harrier Cooper;s Hawk Ferruginous Hawk Sharp-shinned hawk White-tailed kite American peregrine falcon Burrowing Owl California horned lark Loggerhead shrike Congdon’s tarplant (spikeweed) Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp The resources described in the preceding sections, and the policies and programs to protect and enhance them, are the foundation for habitat conservation in the Airport Area. As would be expected, the greatest potential for special status species is within the Chevron property, where the largest concentration of sensitive biological communities is located. Consequently, the Specific Plan (and the current remediation and development plans for this property) calls for the majority of the Chevron property to be maintained as an ecological preserve that will help provide for the long-term survival of rare and endangered species and the health of sensitive habitat areas that support them. In addition to protecting sensitive habitat areas, it is critical that habitat areas be connected into a contiguous, integrated system of open space. Provision of continuous open space corridors, of sufficient width to avoid disruptions by human activity along their edges, is particularly important for protecting wildlife. These corridors allow for the day-to-day movements necessary for individuals of a species to survive, and for the long-term movement that accommodates the genetic mixing necessary to maintain the vitality of a species. The planning area creek system provides the connecting corridors that will allow wildlife movement to and from the planning area. The area’s wetlands attract a variety of wildlife. AGRICULTURAL OPEN SPACE AND THE CITY GREENBELT Agriculture is an important part of the countywide economy and rural environment. The City’s General Plan favors protection of prime and productive agricultural lands, but also recognizes that urban development has reduced, and will continue to reduce, the agricultural potential of the Airport Area. While the Airport Area has a history of agricultural use, and continues to include limited grazing and cultivation, years of commercial and industrial development have eliminated some of the most productive lands. Over the long term, the Airport Area is not planned for agriculture. Existing City and County General Plans designate the area for urban uses. To mitigate the loss of productive agricultural land, future development will help secure a permanent urban development boundary and prevent urbanization of agricultural CONSERVATION & OPEN SPACE | 3-9 Freshwater marsh north of Tank Farm Road. lands to the south. Some owners of lands to the south of the planning area have already made long-term investments in agricultural uses, such as vineyards. The intent of the Specific Plan is to give added stability to agriculture in this area by eliminating, or at least reducing, the potential for further urban expansion. The City’s General Plan calls for establishment of a permanent open space buffer or greenbelt around the City that will prevent continued expansion of the urban area onto valuable agricultural and open space resources (Figure 3-2). The greenbelt will also help retain the community’s rural surroundings and maintain the separate identity of San Luis Obispo. Several efforts are underway to secure the greenbelt as a whole, including purchase of land or development rights from willing sellers, advocacy of continued agricultural and rural zoning, and development approvals tied to substantial open space dedications. The mechanism instituted in the Specific Plan for furthering the greenbelt objective will be through exactions on new planning area development. These exactions will be in the form of either mandatory dedication of open space lands or payment of fees in lieu of dedication. The primary target of these exactions will be to protect open space and agricultural lands south of the Airport Area and outside the City’s urban reserve line. SCENIC RESOURCES While the planning area generally lacks dramatic scenic resources within its boundaries, the relatively flat topography and absence of substantial tree cover allow for highly scenic views out from the site. The combination of pastoral agricultural lands in the foreground and distinctive peaks and ranges in the background are valuable scenic features that contribute to the unique character of the Airport Area. The South Street Hills, Islay Hill, the Davenport Hills, and the Santa Lucia Mountains and foothills are not in the Airport Area, but they are important features in establishing the character of the Airport Area. Although less dramatic, planning area features such as creeks and marsh areas also contribute to the visual character of the area. Specific Plan policy supports preservation of scenic resources and enhancement of the public’s access to these resources. The Community Design chapter (Chapter 5) includes additional discussion of the area’s visual character and design guidelines for protecting and enhancing the scenic resources. ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORIC RESOURCES Prehistoric occupants almost certainly hunted and gathered in the meadows and along the streams of what is now the Airport Area. They probably took time to play and appreciate the setting, just as people do today. They also probably left clues to their habitation of the region, thought to have lasted as much as 10,000 years. In order to deepen our understanding of these original inhabitants, it is important that these clues, often in the form of artifacts, be analyzed and recorded as they are found. However, in deference to their descendants, who still live in the region, it is equally important to respect any artifacts or remains that are found. 3-10 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Likewise, there is a rich history in the region of early ranchers, farmers, merchants, builders and others, whose origins were in Europe, Mexico and Asia. While written history covers many of the major events and characters, artifacts also provide interest and insights into the everyday lives of those who are not named in the books. These, too, deserve recognition. Finally, there is the lesson of the oil company tank farm. It also is part of San Luis Obispo’s history. After being struck by lightning, the storage tanks burned and boiled over for several days in 1926. This was a major ecological disaster and is known as one of the most significant industrial disasters of its time in California history. Remnants of the old tanks can serve as reminders of both the vulnerability of our constructions and of nature’s capacity to recover through natural processes and with human aid. HAZARDS RELATED TO OPEN SPACE LANDS The history and character of the planning area’s open space is inextricably tied to three potential hazards: flooding, petroleum contamination, and aircraft operations. The future conservation and use of the open space resource acknowledges the influences of these three hazards. FLOODING The relatively flat topography, the confluence of several drainage ways, and its location downstream from urban development have combined to create conditions in which large portions of the planning area flood during storm events. Historically, this flooding has restricted the amount of development that could occur in the area, but it has also been beneficial in the establishment of the planning area’s wetland resources. Waterways and facilities immediately downstream from Airport Area development may need to be modified for adequate capacity. Some properties within the Airport Area along the tributaries of San Luis Obispo Creek fall within a Special Floodplain Management Zone, as defined by the San Luis Obispo Creek Waterway Management Plan, and require special design considerations. These design criteria are listed in the City’s Drainage Design Manual. Overall, it is the intent of the specific plan to limit storm water runoff from the Airport Area to pre-development levels, consistent with the requirement of the City’s Waterways Management Plan. As described in detail in Chapter 7, each proposed development will be required to insure compliance with this water quality and flood control plan. PETROLEUM CONTAMINATION From 1910 until the early 1980s, the Chevron property was utilized for the storage of crude oil transported from the San Joaquin Valley via pipeline. Storage facilities at the Project Site included six large earthen reservoirs, ranging in capacity between 775,000 and 1,350,000 barrels, and 21 steel aboveground storage tanks, each with a capacity of 55,000 barrels. The reservoirs were constructed by excavating a circular depression, which was then lined with concrete walls. The storage tanks were constructed of heavy plate steel secured with rivets. The roofs of both the reservoirs and aboveground storage tanks were made of wood. On April 7, 1926, a lightning strike ignited a fire at the Project Site. Despite suppression efforts by the facility staff, over the next four days the fire spread to the other reservoirs and to 12 of the then 15 existing steel aboveground storage tanks with a combination of burning embers and boil-overs; the heated oil flowed out of the reservoirs and onto the ground surrounding the tanks. By April 11, 1926, all but a few thousand barrels of oil had been released. Some of this oil burnt to coke and spread across the Project Site. The burning of the heavy oil during the fire had a similar effect to the refining cracking process, creating the coke. This release is considered responsible for most of the numerous surface occurrences of highly weathered and burned petroleum that cover the ground in topographically low areas of the Project Site. CONSERVATION & OPEN SPACE | 3-11 The most widespread contamination is relatively immobile and appears to have minimal impact on water quality. Much of the open land with the highest existing and potential wildlife habitat value is underlain by this type of contamination. Depending on the severity of contamination and the prospects for successful decontamination, a site can be classified as a “brownfield” site by the Federal Environmental Protection Agency, and ultimately redeveloped if the contamination is removed or adequately contained. The Specific Plan allows for some development of the former tank farm site as long as necessary approvals by all regulatory agencies, including the City, can be obtained. However, the majority of the property has been designated as open space because of the high quality of its surface natural resources and because of the airport runway protection zone which prohibits the development of structures . Petroleum contamination of the soil and the groundwater must be dealt with for both development and conservation areas as required by the policies and standards of the Regional Water Quality Control Board, the City and other agencies with jurisdiction. Beginning in 2004, a Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) was prepared for the Chevron property. The HHRA was later amended in 2012 and 2013. The purpose of the HHRA was to create a baseline for the establishment of a Remedial Action Plan (RAP). Working with multiple agencies, Chevron assisted with the San Luis Obispo Tank Farm Surface Evaluation, Restoration, and Remediation Team (SERRT). This team helped to scope, review, and ratify the HHRA. In December 2007, Chevron prepared the RAP with a focus of removing the human and biological exposure paths to remaining hydrocarbon contaminants on the property. In 2013, the Regional Water Quality Control Board conditionally approved the RAP and the RAP was utilized to prepare the EIR that would allow the remediation and future development of portions of the Chevron tank farm property. AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS The County-operated airport is a key component of the Airport Area, serving both private and commercial aircraft. Even with ongoing improvements in technology and operating practices, aircraft operations will produce noise and safety concerns that affect land use in the planning area, including the open space areas. Exposure to high noise levels is not only a nuisance, but can also be harmful to health and productivity. With the many overflights of the area, risks to life and property due to accidents cannot be entirely avoided. As provided in State law, the area in the vicinity of the airport is subject to the Airport Land Use Plan (ALUP), which is intended to minimize conflicts between airport operations and the use of nearby land. The ALUP is prepared under the direction of, and is adopted by, the Airport Land Use Commission. The Airport Land Use Plan identifies aviation safety areas based on flight paths and exposure to crash risks. Those areas with the most exposure to hazards are the most restricted in terms of compatible uses. Generally, the higher the exposure, the lower the intensity of use and concentration of population that is allowed. Active agriculture occupies the land just south of the planning area. 3-12 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN The Specific Plan is consistent with the SLO County Regional Airport Land Use Plan, designating the majority of land in the two most restrictive safety areas as Open Space. Maintaining open space uses under the airport approach and climb-out paths is intended to avoid exposure to noise and crash risk, even where the Airport Land Use Plan allows some types of development. The fact that these zones also correspond to areas with some of the highest habitat value and soil contamination reinforces the appropriateness of the designation. 3.1 CONSERVATION AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT GOALS Goal 3.1.1: Open Space Resources Preserve and enhance open space resources in the Airport Area in conjunction with urban development. Goal 3.1.2: Habitat Quality Preserve and enhance the habitat quality, visual attractiveness, and recreational value of creeks in the planning area. Goal 3.1.3: Airport Area Wetlands Preserve and enhance Airport Area wetlands. Goal 3.1.4: Native Grasslands Preserve and enhance native grasslands in the Airport Area. Goal 3.1.5: Rare, Endangered and Threatened Species Protect rare, endangered and threatened plant and wildlife species that occur in the Airport Area. Goal 3.1.6: Greenbelt Secure the greenbelt in the vicinity of the Airport Area. Goal 3.1.7: Rural Character Work with the County of San Luis Obispo and area landowners to secure permanent protection of rural character of the area south of the Airport. Goal 3.1.8: Views Preserve significant views of and view corridors to surrounding features that contribute to Airport Area’s unique sense of place. Goal 3.1.9: Archeological and Historical Resources Protect archaeological and historic resources. Goal 3.1.10: Exposure to Contamination Prevent exposure of humans or wildlife to unacceptable levels of contamination. Goal 3.1.11: Surface Resources To the greatest extent feasible, seek to avoid damage to surface resource values in addressing contamination issues. Views from the south reveal the planning area’s open space context. CONSERVATION & OPEN SPACE | 3-13 3.2 CONSERVATION AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT POLICIES Policy 3.2.1: Riparian Vegetation Establish healthy, continuous riparian vegetation along (1) East Branch of San Luis Obispo Creek from Broad Street to Santa Fe Road, (2) Acacia Creek from the northern planning area boundary to the confluence with East Branch of San Luis Obispo Creek, (3) Orcutt Creek from the planning area northern boundary to its confluence with Acacia Creek, and (4) Tank Farm Creek from the planning area’s northern boundary to it’s southern boundary Policy 3.2.2: East Branch SLO Creek Riparian Corridor For the reach of East Branch of San Luis Obispo Creek downstream of Santa Fe Road, protect the riparian corridor from human and agricultural activity, with an adequate buffer to protect pond turtles and steelhead along this reach, and maintain the natural character of the riparian corridor. Policy 3.2.3: Realignment of Orcutt Creek Given the limited habitat value of Orcutt Creek from the planning area’s northern boundary to Tank Farm Road, realignment of the northern-most segment may be acceptable in exchange for establishment of a healthy riparian corridor along the full length of the creek from the Margarita Area to the confluence with Acacia Creek. Policy 3.2.4: Wetlands and Buffer Areas Designate for open space use wetlands and their associated buffer areas. Policy 3.2.5: Restoring Marginal or Degraded Wetlands When reviewing plans to restore marginal or degraded wetlands, require (1) techniques for isolation, stabilizing, or removing petroleum contamination of soil and groundwater that minimize disturbance of existing wetland and other surface resource values, (2) configuration of the ground surface to retain wetland characteristics, (3) removal of invasive, non-native plants, (4) introduction of native plants, (5) methods approved by the Regional Water Quality Control Board, and the City Fire Department and (6) will not create a significant attraction for large birds in consideration of airport safety. Policy 3.2.6: Expansion of Wetlands Where suitable buffers can be provided, expand wetlands into areas within the wetlands complex that are conducive to wetlands, but that do not initially meet the definition of wetlands. However, any expansion or changes to wetlands must take into account the potential increase in airport safety hazards as a result of bird strikes. Policy 3.2.7: Mitigation of Wetland Losses Utilize suitable portions of the Chevron property for on-site mitigation of wetland losses on the Chevron property and, if agreed to by the property owner, off-site mitigation of wetland losses associated with development elsewhere in the Airport Area and Margarita Area. Policy 3.2.8: Professional Direction of Wetland Work Assure that all wetlands restoration, enhancement, and creation will be under the direction of qualified professionals. Seek the cooperation of trustee agencies, such as the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, and obtain any necessary approvals from these agencies. 3-14 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Islay Hill and the Santa Lucia Mountains provide a dramatic visual backdrop for the airport. Swales and bermed enclosures on Chevron property now capture floodwaters. Policy 3.2.9: Design of Detention Areas Design on-site drainage detention areas within the Airport Area to support wetlands characteristics, so they will be visually attractive elements of the landscape and components in a system of wildlife habitat, in addition to flood control facilities. Policy 3.2.10: Recreational Use of Wetlands Complex Recreational use of the wetlands complex and buffer areas should be limited to non-intrusive observation and study. The type and extent of public access should be restricted in order to maintain high-quality wildlife habitat. Policy 3.2.11: Impacts from Run-Off Minimize the water-quality impacts associated with run-off from rooftops and paved areas, due to contaminants, temperature changes, velocity changes, and sediment by providing dispersed surface drainage across areas with suitable soil and vegetation whenever feasible, instead of piped or other concentrated drainage from roofs and paved areas directly to creeks. Policy 3.2.13: Native Bunchgrass If development or remediation includes disturbance of the native bunchgrass (purple needlegrass)on the northeast corner of the Chevron property, , appropriate bunchgrass communities shall be reestablished on site with a replacement ratio, consistent with mitigation adopted with the Chevron EIR. Policy 3.2.14: Chevron Property Open Space Lands Designate open space lands on the Chevron property as a permanent ecological preserve dedicated to the preservation and enhancement of the area’s natural resources, and public environmental education. Policy 3.2.15: Continuous Open Space Corridors Provide continuous open space corridors linking open space resources within the Airport Area to resources outside of the Airport Area. CONSERVATION & OPEN SPACE | 3-15 Policy 3.2.16: Continuous Wetlands Development in the Airport Area should not isolate or further fragment wetlands, uplands or their associated habitat areas. Policy 3.2.17: Interrupt Flow of Contaminants At every opportunity, interrupt the pathways that allow petroleum contamination to enter the biological food chain. Techniques used to interrupt the flow of contaminants should be those that are least disruptive to habitat at the ground and water surface. Policy 3.2.18: Mitigate Loss of Ag and Open Space Land To mitigate the loss of agricultural and open land in the Airport Area, development shall help protect agricultural and open space lands to the south and east by securing protected areas at least equal to the area of new development, where on-site protection is not available. Policy 3.2.19: Protection for On-Site Resources Airport Area properties shall secure protection for any on-site resources identified in the General Plan. These properties, to help maintain the greenbelt, shall also secure open space protection for any contiguous, commonly owned land outside the urban reserve. If it is not feasible to directly obtain protection for such land, fees in lieu of dedication shall be paid when the property is developed, to help secure the greenbelt in the area south of the City’s southerly urban reserve line. In lieu of off-site open space protection, the Chevron Tank Farm Site shall preserve the open space resources that occupy the majority of the site and provide long-term maintenance and enhancement of these resources. Policy 3.2.20: Acquire Land South of Airport Utilize locally-generated acquisition funding, as well as outside grant support, to acquire fee or easement interest in lands south of the Airport in the following order of priority: The 1926 fire burned so hot that parts of the concrete storage tank foundation turned to glass. Buckley Road Area. Agricultural lands on either side of Buckley Road between Vachell Lane and Broad Street should receive the highest priority in conservation funding. There is ongoing, incremental conversion of lands from agriculture to other uses, as well as ongoing small-scale subdivision of rural properties. There are relatively few large properties in this area. Easements to secure development rights and maintain scenic character would be the primary focus of this effort, and easement acquisition is the preferred strategy. Upper Edna Valley. The agricultural lands between Broad Street and the base of the hills to the east of San Luis Obispo are undergoing conversion from extensive agriculture to intensive agriculture, chiefly vineyards. This process creates a relatively secure greenbelt in this area; however, easement acquisition may be an important component of retaining a “critical mass” of vineyard land and preventing inappropriate 3-16 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN development within the area that could threaten the continued viability of agriculture. Other Lands. Areas such as the ranches and woodland areas south of the Airport may also be targeted for fee or easement acquisition; however, these areas are not considered as vulnerable to land use changes as the aforementioned areas. Policy 3.2.21: Maintain Views of Open Space Resources The location and form of private development and of public amenities (e.g., street trees) will retain views of open space resources, such as mountains and wetlands, sufficient to provide a sense of place within the natural setting. Policy 3.2.22: Archeological and Historic Resources Treat archaeological and historic resources consistent with the Community Heritage policies of the General Plan. Policy 3.2.23: Designation of Contaminated Land Following completion of a remediation project, designate as open space undeveloped, land that has significant open space and habitat values. Policy 3.2.24: City Consideration of “Changed Conditions” on the Chevron Property following remediation and restoration It is acknowledged that Chevron has prepared a remediation plan for the Chevron property addressing the contaminated areas on the site. The remediation plan has been reviewed by multiple agencies including: Army Corps of Engineers, California Department of fish and Game, Regional Water Quality Control Board) as part of the EIR prepared for the Chevron Tank Farm Remediation and development project. The EIR found that the remediation project will impact wetlands and other terrestrial habitat on the site. The EIR requires mitigation measures that provide for the replacement and restoration of wetland and terrestrial habitat on-site following the remediation project. Following completion of the restoration component of the project ongoing monitoring and maintenance of restoration activities will be required (per EIR mitigation) to ensure compliance. The restored wetlands and terrestrial habitat areas shall be included within a permanent open space easement. Dense vegetation lines the bunks of East Brunch of San Luis Obispo Creek between Santa Fe Road and Broad Street. CONSERVATION & OPEN SPACE | 3-17 3.3 CONSERVATION AND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS Program 3.3.1: Management Programs Required For East Branch of San Luis Obispo Creek, Acacia Creek, Orcutt Creek and Tank Farm Creek, require a management program to enhance the creek, preserve existing native vegetation, protect streamside properties from stormflows, and restore a more natural character to the banks when development is proposed. A minimum creek setback of 11 meters (35 feet) will be required consistent with the Citywide creek setback ordinance. Program 3.3.2: Limited Access A continuous public trail access will be provided between Broad Street and the intersection of Tank Farm Road and Sante Fe Road via the Damon Garcia sportsfields. Where feasible, the trail access will avoid creeks, wetlands and habitat areas and will be adjacent to existing and future development. Program 3.3.3: 50-Foot Wetland Setback Implement a 50-foot wetland setback for buildings through subdivision and development approvals. Program 3.3.4: Risk Assessment Program The City worked with Chevron, other affected landowners, the Regional Water Quality Control Board, and other concerned parties to implement a risk-assessment program and develop preservation actions appropriate to the natural resource characteristics of each site and the level of risk at that site, with a goal of preserving the existing natural resource values to the greatest extent possible. Program 3.3.5: Establish Mitigation Bank The City will work with The California Department of Fish and Wildlife, responsible Federal officials, and administration of the County Airport, to establish a “mitigation bank” within the Chevron property to serve the mitigation needs of the Airport and Margarita Areas, consistent with the operating needs of the County Airport. Program 3.3.6: Public Access (Chevron Property) The City will work with the property owner and local conservation organizations to ensure that public access to the Chevron property is made available subject to compatibility with habitat values in the area. Pedestrian and Bicycle trails and low, rural style fencing may be appropriate in specific locations to allow habitat viewing combined with area wide linkages consistent with the bicycle transportation plan. Navigational aids mark the flight path over the Chevron property. 3-18 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Program 3.3.7: Creek Restoration Standards The City will work with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife and responsible Federal agencies to establish standards for grading, stabilization, and revegetation of all creek channels in the Airport Area. The standards will cover plant species, planting densities, and long-term maintenance requirements and responsibilities. Program 3.3.8: Open Space Connections The City will ensure that development north and east of the Chevron property retains an open space corridor connection to the Margarita Area’s athletic fields and Acacia Creek, and on to the South Street Hills. This corridor may include recreational facilities but will be designed to allow movement of wildlife through it. Program 3.3.9: Wildlife Movement Corridors The City will maintain wildlife movement corridors south from the Airport Area, particularly from the Chevron wetlands, toward the Indian Knob area and the Davenport Hills by employing greenbelt efforts and by encouraging the County to implement these features in proposed development that occurs outside the City’s jurisdiction. Program 3.3.10: Wetland Connections The City will enlarge the connection between wetlands immediately north and immediately south of Tank Farm Road to facilitate wildlife movements between the two areas. Program 3.3.11: City to Manage Open Space Lands The City will manage open space land that it acquires to protect habitat values. Program 3.3.12: Privately Owned Open Space For any extensive open space lands that the City does not acquire, the City will pursue memoranda of understanding concerning management for wildlife habitat values, beyond the minimum requirements of regulatory agencies. Program 3.3.13: Greenbelt Dedications The City will require new development in the Airport Area to dedicate land or easements in the greenbelt. Highest priority will be given to securing lands adjacent to the City’s edge. Program 3.3.14: Greenbelt In-Lieu Fee Where dedication is not feasible, an in-lieu fee will be assessed on the acreage of development, equivalent to the purchase of an equivalent acreage of open space land or easements in the greenbelt south of the Airport Area. Willows shade the East Brunch of San Luis Obispo Creek downstream of Santa Fe Road. CONSERVATION & OPEN SPACE | 3-19 Program 3.3.15: Urban Reserve Expansion Any projects involving minor expansions of the urban reserve shall secure open space or agricultural land adjoining but outside the urban reserve line location. The open space or agricultural land secured shall be large enough to effectively discourage additional urban development beyond the urban reserve line. It shall be secured by easement or fee ownership by the City or a qualified land conservation organization. Program 3.3.16: Historical Resources The City will work with the County Historical Society, landowners, and others to provide appropriate access opportunities and interpretive information to further understanding of historical resources, such as the oil tank remnants. Mitigation from the Chevron EIR that requires access and installation of interpretive signs shall be implemented in beginning phases of any development projects. Program 3.3.17: Activities on Open Space Lands The City will work with appropriate regulatory agencies and with County Airport administrators to ensure that the location and nature of resource management activities on open space lands within the Airport Area remain compatible with airport operations. Program 3.3.18: Expanding Wetlands Any expansion of wetlands shall be evaluated for the potential to impact aircraft safety as a result of increased wildlife and bird activity and the potential for increased bird strikes. Wetlands shall only be expanded when relocated or restored as part of an area wide restoration or remediation activity. Grazing cattle have prevented the growth of riparian vegetation along Acacia Creek. 3-20 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN This page intentionally left blank LAND USE | 4-1 4.0 LAND USE Each ‘layer’ of understanding informs the planning response. INTENT The Land Use chapter sets the overall framework for the development and conservation of the Airport Area. The chapter sets forth specific land use goals, policies and standards applicable to the Airport Area, and describes the overall development program, including the types and intensities of uses for land and buildings, and the overall forms that are desired for development sites and buildings. The Land Use chapter is to be used in conjunction with the other chapters of this Specific Plan. More detailed discussion of open space and resource management issues is included in Chapter 3, community design issues are addressed in Chapter 5, information on the circulation system is contained in Chapter 6, and details relating to public utilities are contained in Chapter 7. The Land Use Map in this chapter (Figure 4-1) illustrates the physical pattern of development planned in the Specific Plan Area. Figure 4-4 shows the planning area zoning. Table 4.3 provides a description of the types of uses permitted for each of the zoning designations. 4-2 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN LAND USE BACKGROUND The Airport Area, under the County’s jurisdiction, has been urbanizing in ways that differ from the City’s development standards. The land use concept for the Airport Area Specific Plan is intended to meet multiple City objectives as the area continues to develop. While the primary impetus for the plan is to provide the necessary infrastructure and urban services that will allow the Airport Area to develop to City standards, the land use plan has been crafted to balance the opportunities for new development with other equally important community goals. The land use plan concentrates development patterns in an effort to protect rural open space areas and create a sense of place. The land use concept calls for urban development to be located primarily in the eastern and western portions of the planning area near existing development and circulation corridors. The intent of the plan is to maintain a compact development pattern by encouraging infill of undeveloped lots and redevelopment of currently developed, but underutilized properties, rather than expanding onto lands that are currently in agriculture or open space. As shown in the Land Use Map (Figure 4-1), the entire central portion of the planning area has been designated for open space. Rather than allowing development of the entire land area within the urban reserve line, the land use concept has the City “greenbelt” penetrate into the urban area, which preserves the connection to the rural landscape for more than just the properties at the periphery of the community and improves safety by maintaining open land in the immediate vicinity of the airport. In addition, Airport Area land use policy encourages the selective removal of the remnants of past industrial uses on the Chevron tank farm property as a means of re-establishing the rural character of this open space and enhancing the contrast with designated urban areas. The land use plan was developed to ensure compatibility with airport operations. Uses that have high concentrations of people or are sensitive to airport noise (e.g., low density residential, schools, hospitals, etc.) are not included in the planning area. The designated land uses (Figure 4-1) respond to the flight patterns and land use criteria associated with the airport safety areas in the San Luis Obispo County Regional Airport Land Use Plan (ALUP). Generally, the critical areas in line with the runways will be maintained as open space. Lower intensity warehousing, manufacturing, service and business park uses are designated for the less sensitive zones to the sides of the runways, and further out from the ends of the runways. As discussed above, the land use concept emphasizes the development and redevelopment of areas that already are committed to urban uses. One of the ways the plan will enhance the ability of these areas to support more productive use of both the land and the buildings will be the introduction of urban infrastructure and services. Market trends in the region and development trends in the Airport Area suggest greater and greater demand for facilities to accommodate high tech and clean industries, in addition to the manufacturing and warehouse uses that have historically occupied the area. These uses have come to dominate land use along the west side of Broad Street. The Business Park designation is intended to generate jobs that will match the skills and interest of the available workforce, and jobs that could pay employees enough to cover the generally high cost of housing in the region. By preserving the central portion of the planning area as open space, the land use plan provides a framework for development that preserves the sense of openness and ruralness that makes the Airport Area distinctive. This not only creates a rural foreground setting for new development, but also preserves view corridors to the distinctive peaks and mountain ranges that characterize the landscape. In addition, by designating lands along the Broad Street and Tank Farm Road corridor as Business Park, the plan is encouraging higher quality development that is in keeping with this important entry to the City from the Edna Valley. LAND USE | 4-3 One of the other principal reasons for designating the central portion of the planning area as Open Space is to be able to adequately protect and enhance valuable wetland and grassland habitat areas that exist on the Chevron property (see Chapter 3, Conservation and Resource Management for more detailed discussion). The land use plan is structured to ensure that these resources are part of an integrated open space system that is directly linked to adjoining open space resources. Specific Plan policies require preservation of these natural resources through the dedication of easements or fee simple ownership, along with enhancement in certain instances. As part of the Chevron Tank Farm Remediation and Development project, a habitat restoration plan has been proposed. Following completion of remediation, the restoration plan will be implemented. (see Policy 4.3.6: Tank Farm Site). In order to enhance the area’s sense of place, the Community Design chapter of this plan includes design guidelines that encourage the development of buildings and facilities that are responsive to the specific landscape and climatic characteristics of the area, as well as the historic development patterns and character of San Luis Obispo (see Chapter 5). LAND USE PROGRAM The land use program for the Airport Area allows for the development of up to 1088 acres (73% of the planning area) with a mixture of Services and Manufacturing, Business Park, Government Facilities, and public facilities that may be developed with recreation or public services. The balance of the area is to be preserved as Open Space (304 acres), and an existing mobile home park (7.0 acres) will be retained. Table 4.1 shows the amount of land within each land-use designation, as well as the estimated development potential at full development of the specific plan area. Table 4.1 ñ 2005 Version San Luis Obispo Airport Area Specific Plan LAND USE PROGRAM AND DEVELOPMENT CAPACITIES Land Area Floor Area at Buildout Land Use Designation Acre % Square Feet Open Space 317.1 21% n/a Agriculture 78.8 5% n/a Business Park 257.2 17% 3,361,090 Services and Manufacturing 466.4 31% 4,059,792 Government 341.9 24% 66,350* Medium- density Residential 7 1% n/a Recreation 15 1% n/a Total 1483.4 100% 7,487,232 *300,000 s.f. of floor area in aircraft hangars also proposed. While roughly three quarters of the parcels in the planning area have some development on them, many are only partially developed (i.e., major portions of a parcel are unused or underutilized). Based on review of aerial photos, approximately 350 acres, appear to be developed and fully utilized (i.e., more than three quarters of its land area is developed for urban uses). Calculations from the aerial mapping indicate that the planning area currently has approximately two million square feet of building floor area (2,226,000 sf). As would be expected given the number of storage yards and other low-density uses in the area, floor area ratios are generally quite low, ranging from less than 0.01 to 0.46. The existing uses alone do not represent the highest and best use of the area as envisioned in the General Plan and are not intensive enough to support urban services. 4-4 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN LAND USE | 4-5 RELATIONSHIP TO THE GENERAL PLAN The Airport Area Specific Plan is a refinement of the citywide land use plan prepared for the 1994 General Plan Land Use Element update. The specific plan analysis went into greater detail than did the citywide land use planning process. Meetings with area property and business owners were a part of the specific plan process. These meetings elicited insight and understanding that led to two significant refinements to the General Plan land use pattern. The first involves increasing the area of Business Park. The focus group advising staff on land use suggested that the General Plan did not provide enough land designated for business parks to stimulate creation of a business park district. It was also noted that in exchange for the additional investment in quality, developers and property owners will want more frontage exposure. The second land use refinement involved the Chevron Tank Farm property. Detailed site analysis led to more accurate mapping of sensitive plant and habitat area protected under City policy. The land use boundaries for the Chevron property in this specific plan create a contiguous open space corridor from the South Hills to open space south of the City’s urban reserve boundary. The division of land use on the Chevron property continues to provide for urban uses where sensitive resources, hazardous materials and airport safety allow it. Table 4.2 shows the relationships between General Plan land use designations, Specific Plan land use categories, and the zoning that is to be applied upon annexation. Figure 4-4 shows the proposed planning area zoning. HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Uses involving quantities of hazardous materials can pose a significant health and safety risk to persons, property, and the environment. In addition, certain land within the planning area is known to have been contaminated by past uses (Figure 4-2). The land use plan has been developed with careful consideration given to these areas. Such materials are regulated by standards enforced by the City Fire Department, City Utilities Department, RWQCB, and Department of Toxic Substance Control. These agencies should be contacted for requirements related to development adjacent to contaminated areas as well as the use, storage, handling and permitting of hazardous materials in new development. SPECIAL AREAS McChesney Field – San Luis Obispo County Regional Airport The County Airport is a key determinant of land use in the planning area. The airport is a transportation hub that makes it possible to move goods and people to and from the Airport Area (and the region) quickly and over long distances. It affects the types of land uses that locate in the area by serving as a catalyst for economic development, and by restricting uses to those that are compatible with the operational characteristics of a general aviation airport. The airport plays a prominent role in the economic development goals of the City and County. The types of uses the City seeks to attract to the area, identified in the General Plan Land Use Element and the Targeted Industry Clusters study (computer software/multimedia, light manufacturing, and business/customer service) benefit from proximity to an airport. The City General Plan envisions business parks with campus-like settings and clean industry in the Airport Area. Many of these industries will involve regular movement in and out of the area of knowledge workers, specialists, sales and marketing professionals, and valuable small components suitable for air shipping. Land uses in the airport vicinity must be regulated in order to minimize the potential for conflicts between these uses and airport operations. The primary instrument for maintaining compatibility and safety is the Airport Land Use Plan (ALUP) prepared and 4-6 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN maintained by the San Luis Obispo County Airport Land Use Commission. Specific Plan land uses have been planned with thorough consideration given to the ALUP. Specifically, urban uses are not proposed in areas where incompatible levels of noise can be expected, or where there is an unacceptable risk that an accident could occur. Former Tank Farm Site The Tank Farm site presents several significant opportunities and challenges. The site contains developed land, environmentally sensitive habitats, hazardous materials and soil contamination related to the previous oil storage use of the site, and highly restricted airport safety areas. In some areas, all of these conditions are present. Wise management of the resources and hazards is necessary to realize the opportunities this site can offer. At 332 acres, the Tank Farm site is the largest single property in the Airport Area and it is centrally located. Because of its central location, the site is easily visible from a large number of surrounding properties. Open space land at the site can therefore become a visual resource and can contribute to airport safety, serving as an amenity for the area as a whole. Redevelopment and habitat enhancement of the site represents an opportunity to significantly affect the character of the area through the actions of a single property owner. Existing development at the Tank Farm site is of generally poor appearance and should be upgraded to contribute to the higher standard of visual quality desired for San Luis Obispo. Some parts of the site not currently developed and not affected by airport safety zones, or environmentally sensitive habitat can be developed. Some of these areas, however, are known to contain contaminated soils. Examples of successful redevelopment of similarly contaminated areas in other parts of the State and country support this concept. Table 4.2 San Luis Obispo Airport Area Specific Plan LAND USE CONSISTENCY General Plan Designation Specific Plan Designation Zone Open Space Open Space C/OS-SP Public Facility Airport Facility PF-SP Business Park Business Park BP-SP Services & Manufacturing Service Commercial or Manufacturing C-S-SP or M-SP Medium-Density Residential Medium-Density Residential R-2-SP Agriculture Agriculture AG-SP In exchange for redevelopment and selective new development at the Tank Farm Site, the appearance of this visually prominent site can be improved and large areas can be enhanced to become environmental, aesthetic and safety resources for the whole Airport Area. The Chevron EIR evaluated remediation and development options for contaminated areas and found that development can be accommodated following implementation of remediation actions. Areas of known contamination are shown on the map in Figure 4-2. Areas within sensitive biological resources are shown on the map in Figure 4-3. 4.1 LAND USE GOALS A goal is a general direction-setter. It is an ideal future end related to the public health, safety, or general welfare. A goal is a general expression of community values and, therefore, may be abstract in nature. Consequently, a goal is generally not quantifiable or time-dependent. Goal 4.1.1: Urbanization and Resource Protection Urbanization of the Airport Area in a manner consistent with City goals for resource protection. LAND USE | 4-7 Figure 4-2 Areas of Soil Contamination on Unocal Property 4-8 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Figure 4-3 Sensitive Biological Resources on Unocal Property LAND USE | 4-9 Goal 4.1.2: Job Creation Further the City’s goals for growth management, economic development, and community character by designating land uses which facilitate and encourage the creation of high quality base- level and support-level jobs in the Airport Area. Goal 4.1.3: Compact Urban Form A compact urban form that minimizes sprawl onto surrounding agricultural and rural lands. Goal 4.1.4: Existing Buildings More productive use of existing buildings and lands that are already committed to urban uses so that existing City businesses can expand and/or relocate to more suitable locations. Goal 4.1.5: Employment Opportunities Employment opportunities appropriate for area residents’ desires and skills. Goal 4.1.6: Land Use Compatibility Compatibility with existing and proposed uses both inside and outside the Airport Area. Goal 4.1.7: Sense of Place New development that contributes to a sense of place. Goal 4.1.8: Protect and Enhance Natural Features Protection and enhancement of natural features such as creeks, wetlands, and grasslands, within a system of permanent open space. Goal 4.1.9: Airport Operations Airport Area land uses and development, including Airport Compatible Open Space, compatible with the long-term operation of the airport, and enhancing the viability of the airport as a regional transportation facility. Goal 4.1.10: Balance of Conservation and Development A balanced conservation and development program that enhances public safety, community character and natural resource values while remedying long-standing environmental and aesthetic problems. Goal 4.1.11: Agricultural Buffers Preservation of agricultural land and open space for on-going agricultural uses. This is accomplished through the provision of buffers on urban land so land use conflicts are diminished. 4.2 LAND USE DESIGNATIONS AND ZONING The following sections describe the intent for each of the Specific Plan land use categories. Figure 4-1 establishes the land use designations for property within the Specific Plan area. Figure 4-4 establishes the zoning and Table 4.3 provides a list of uses and permit requirements, if any. 4.2.1 BUSINESS PARK Areas designated Business Park are primarily for research and development, light manufacturing, and business services that are compatible with each other and with airport operations. Activities that are supportive of, or accessory to, the primary activities may be allowed as well. 4-10 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN LAND USE | 4-11 The City recognizes that businesses locating in areas designated Business Park often combine product development, promotion, manufacturing, and distribution at a single facility. The Business Park designation is intended to accommodate such combinations, with the lowest level of review by the City that is consistent with maintaining community character and assuring a desirable setting for the types of businesses that are the primary reason for Business Parks. The Business Park designation is generally intended for well- designed, master-planned, campus-type developments that will contribute to community character and the City’s objective of attracting jobs that can support households in San Luis Obispo. Because of the higher quality design associated with uses in this category, Business Park uses are generally located in areas of higher visibility to the public, such as along highways and major arterials (Tank Farm Road). Refer to Table 4.3 for specific uses permitted in the Business Park designation. 4.2.2 SERVICE COMMERCIAL Areas designated Service Commercial are generally for storage, transportation, and wholesaling type uses, as well as certain retail sales and business services that may be less appropriate in other commercial designations. Refer to Table 4.3 for specific uses permitted on land designated Service Commercial. 4.2.3 MANUFACTURING Areas designated Manufacturing are generally for assembly, fabrication, storage and distribution, and sales and service type uses that have little or no direct trade with local consumers. Refer to Table 4.3 for specific uses permitted in the Manufacturing designation. 4.2.4 PUBLIC FACILITY The Public Facility designation is assigned to the County-owned property associated with the San Luis Obispo County Regional Airport and portions of the former Chevron tank farm property. In addition to the airport runways, terminal, and parking that are operated by the County, there are several private businesses providing airport-related services that occupy lease sites from the County. Public Facility zoned land on the former Chevron Tank Farm property may be utilized for a range of land uses that can be found compatible within the airport safety zones. The Chevron EIR considered the PF zone for the possible location of a future fire station and for the potential location of sports fields. 4.2.5 MEDIUM-DENSITY RESIDENTIAL The Medium-Density Residential designation is for the mobile home park that was established before preparation of this specific plan. The mobile home park may be retained as a conforming use, however, further development of the site is not permitted by the Airport Land Use Plan. On-site buildings may be replaced with similar residential development and the property can be subdivided to allow resident ownership as long as residential density is not increased. 4.2.6 OPEN SPACE The Open Space designation is intended to preserve undeveloped or minimally developed land for preservation of natural resources and public safety. The Specific Plan designates the following specific areas for open space: Planning area creeks: to protect and enhance habitat and recreational values; Portions of the Chevron site: to provide for the creation of an ecological preserve and storm-water detention area, with controlled public access for non-intrusive recreation; wetlands, native grasslands and other sensitive habitat areas; 4-12 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Airport clear zones: to limit uses in the most restrictive airport safety zones to the siting of navigational aids and related equipment, and limited agricultural uses (e.g. hay-cropping, pasturage, and cultivation); Refer to Chapter 3 for more detailed discussion of Open Space issues. 4.2.7 AGRICULTURE Areas designated Agriculture are intended to encourage conservation of agricultural lands and continuation of agricultural uses and keeping of livestock where compatible with urban development. The sites designated as Agriculture in the Airport Area have historically been used for agricultural uses and are bordered by agricultural buffers on the parcels being developed with urban uses to insure compatibility between the uses. 4.3 LAND USE POLICIES Policy 4.3.1: Support for Airport Service The City will support the Airport’s continued service to the region. Policy 4.3.2: Airport Master Plan The City will support the County’s implementation of the Airport Master Plan. Policy 4.3.3: Airport Land Use Plan Consistency Airport Area development must be consistent with the standards and requirements of the San Luis Obispo County Regional Airport Land Use Plan and/or Public Utilities Code Sections 21670- 21679.5 (See Figure 4-5) Policy 4.3.4: Airport Compatible Open Space The City will work with property owners to implement and maintain Airport Compatible Open Space (ACOS) within the Airport Area, consistent with an approved ACOS plan, to insure ongoing compatibility between Specific Plan land uses and airport operations. Policy 4.3.5: Transit Service The City shall encourage public transit agencies to serve the County Airport as soon as practical. Policy 4.3.6: Tank Farm Site The Chevron Remediation and Development project and its accompanying EIR provides for a comprehensive development and conservation plan for the entire property. This development plan includes mitigation measures adopted with the Chevron Tank Farm Remediation and Development Project EIR and must meet with the approval of federal, state and local agencies with jurisdiction over the hazards and natural resources present, and includes: a) A detailed resource management plan to protect and enhance natural resources found on the Tank Farm Site, including sensitive species and their habitats (e.g., wetlands, riparian corridors, and native grasslands). b) Conservation easements for the permanent protection of natural resources dedicated to an appropriate trustee agency such as the City, County, RWQCB or SLO Land Trust. c) A detailed, site-specific plan for remediation of contaminated areas associated with developing areas designated for development and habitat restoration consistent with the Remedial Action Plan evaluated with the Chevron Tank Farm EIR (2013-2014). LAND USE | 4-13 d) An implementation plan that links development entitlements to completion of specific remediation and habitat-improvement actions. e) A mechanism, such as an endowment, for implementing the long-term monitoring, enhancement and maintenance included in the plan. Policy 4.3.7: Tank Farm Road Improvements Prior to development of the Tank Farm site, Chevron, or its successor in interest, must provide a tentative map with preliminary design plans for improvements to Tank Farm Road adjacent to its property. The design plans will address roadway design standards provided in Chapter 6, including the roadway design, median and parkway landscaping, re-grading of the berms, re-location and replacement of chain link fencing with a more visually compatible solution, and alignment and design of on-street and off-street pedestrian and bicycle connections as shown in the circulation section, chapter 6. Policy 4.3.8: Approach and Climb-Out Paths Retain extensive undeveloped land under the approach and climb- out paths for all active runways. Policy 4.3.9: East Airport Area Clear Zones The City and the County will work to obtain land or development rights in the East Airport Area to maintain clear zones for the east- west runway. Policy 4.3.10 Runway Protection Zones No new development, roads or land uses shall be allowed within the Runway Protection Zone in accordance with the Federal Aviation Administration policies (including the Interim Guidance published on September 27, 2012, and the Advisory Circular 150/5300-Change 17, unless the interim guidance is replaced with future FAA policies), unless the development or land use is specifically approved in coordination with the FAA. Policy 4.3.11: Uses Not Listed The Community Development Director will determine whether uses not listed in Table 4.3 are allowed or conditionally allowed, subject to the appeal procedures established in the Municipal Code. The interpretation procedure is not used as a substitute for the amendment procedure to add new types of uses to a zone. Policy 4.3.12: Zoning Regulations Zoning Regulations standards shall apply to the Airport Area where no equivalent standard is provided in this Specific Plan, to the discretion of the Community Development Director. 4-14 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Table 4.3 – Allowed Uses Key: A = Allowed D = Allowed by Administrative Use Permit PC = Allowed by Planning Commission Use Permit Footnotes (see end of table) Land Use Zoning District PF C-S M BP INDUSTRY, MANUFACTURING & PROCESSING, WHOLESALING Furniture and fixtures manufacturing, cabinet shop D A Industrial research and development D D D Laboratory - Medical, analytical, research, testing A A A Laundry, dry cleaning plant A A A1 Manufacturing - Heavy D PC Manufacturing - Light D A A Petroleum product storage and distribution D Photo and film processing lab A A D Printing and publishing A A A Recycling facilities - Collection and processing facility D Recycling facilities - Scrap and dismantling yard D Recycling facilities - Small collection facility D A Storage yard D A Warehousing, indoor storage A A D1 Wholesaling and distribution A A PC LODGING Homeless shelter (see note 8) PC PC PC Hotel, motel (see note 8) PC LAND USE | 4-15 Table 4.3 – Allowed Uses Key: A = Allowed D = Allowed by Administrative Use Permit PC = Allowed by Planning Commission Use Permit Footnotes (see end of table) Land Use Zoning District PF C-S M BP RECREATION, EDUCATION, & PUBLIC ASSEMBLY USES Bar/tavern D D D1 Club, lodge, private meeting hall D Commercial recreation facility - Indoor PC PC D Commercial recreation facility – Outdoor PC PC Fitness/health facility A A A1 Night club D Park, playground D Public assembly facility PC PC Religious facility8 D D2 School – Specialized education/training8 A A D Sports and active recreation facility PC PC PC Sports and entertainment assembly facility PC PC RESIDENTIAL USES Caretaker quarters A A A D 4-16 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Table 4.3 – Allowed Uses Key: A = Allowed D = Allowed by Administrative Use Permit PC = Allowed by Planning Commission Use Permit Footnotes (see end of table) Land Use Zoning District PF C-S M BP RETAIL SALES Auto and vehicle sales and rental A PC Auto parts sales, with installation A A Auto parts sales, without installation A A Building and landscape materials sales, indoor A A Building and landscape materials sales, outdoor A A Convenience store D D A1 Farm supply and feed store A D Fuel dealer (propane, etc) D A Furniture, furnishings, and appliance stores A General retail – 2,000 sf or less A1 Office-supporting retail, 2,000 sf or less A1 Office-supporting retail, More than 2,000 up to 5,000 sf D1 Produce stand Restaurant D D A Service station (see also “vehicle services”) D D A1 Warehouse stores – 45,000 sf or less gfa A Warehouse stores – more than 45,000 sf gfa D PC LAND USE | 4-17 Table 4.3 – Allowed Uses Key: A = Allowed D = Allowed by Administrative Use Permit PC = Allowed by Planning Commission Use Permit Footnotes (see end of table) Land Use Zoning District PF C-S M BP SERVICES – BUSINESS, FINANCIAL & PROFESSIONAL Land Use Zoning District PF C-S M BP SERVICES - GENERAL Catering service A A Copying and Quick Printer Service A A D1 Day care - Adult,Child Day Care Center8 A5 A5 D1 Equipment rental A A Food bank/packaged food distribution center D D Maintenance service, client site services A A PC Mortuary, funeral home8 D D Personal services A D1 Banks and financial services8 D A A1 Business support services A D4 Medical Service – Doctor Office8 D4 D4 Medical Service – Clinic, Lab, Urgent Care8 D4 A Office – Business and service8 D Office – Government8 A A Office – Processing8 A D A Office – Production and administrative8 A D A Office – Airport Related Services8 A A A A Office – Professional8 A Photographer, photographic studio A 4-18 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Table 4.3 – Allowed Uses Key: A = Allowed D = Allowed by Administrative Use Permit PC = Allowed by Planning Commission Use Permit Footnotes (see end of table) Land Use Zoning District PF C-S M BP SERVICES – GENERAL Personal services - Restricted D Public safety facilities A Public utility facilities A A A Repair service - Equipment, large appliances, etc. A A Social service organization8 D Vehicle services - Repair and maintenance - Major A A Vehicle services - Repair and maintenance - Minor A A Vehicle services - Carwash D D Veternary clinic-hospital, boarding, large animal D D Veternary clinic-hospital, boarding, small animal, indoor A Veternary clinic-hospital, boarding, small animal, outdoor D Land Use Zoning District PF C-S M BP TRANSPORTATION & COMMUNICATIONS Airport Facilities/Expansion PC PC PC PC Ambulance, taxi, and/or limosine dispatch facility A D D Antennas and telecommunications facilities PC D D D Broadcast studio8 A6 A6 A6 Parking facility PC D D Refuse Hauling, Septic Tank, Portable Toilet Sewers PC D Truck or freight terminal A A6 D Water and wastewater treatment plants and services PC PC PC PC LAND USE | 4-19 Numbered Notes to Table 4.3: 1. These activities are considered secondary uses for business parks. Within a development project site, their combined floor area shall not exceed 25 percent of the total floor area. Some are also subject to limits on individual floor area, as shown in the body of the table. Floor area limitations shall not apply to bank headquarters. 2. Use permit review shall consider that the C-S zone is primarily intended to accommodate uses not generally suited to other commercial zones because of noise, truck traffic, visual impacts and similar factors. A use permit may be approved only when the church will not likely cause unreasonable compatibility problems with existing or likely future service commercial uses in the vicinity. Use permit conditions may include measures to mitigate incompatibility. 3. In the C-S zone, nightclubs must contain a minimum of four thousand five hundred square feet of floor area. The required use permit process shall address parking, neighborhood compatibility and security issues. 4. In order to approve a Medical Service use in the C-S or BP zones, the Hearing Officer must make the following findings: a) The proposed medical service is compatible with surrounding land uses. b) The proposed medical service is located along a street designated as an arterial or commercial collector in the Circulation Element and has convenient access to public transportation. c) The proposed medical service will not significantly increase traffic or create parking impacts in residential neighborhoods. d) The proposed medical service is consistent with the Airport Land Use Plan. e) The project will not preclude service commercial uses in areas especially suited for these uses when compared with medical services. f) The project site can accommodate the parking requirements of the proposed medical service and will not result in other lease spaces being under-utilized because of a lack of available parking. 5. Allowed by right only in the S-1c and S-2 aviation safety areas (as defined in the ALUP), where an employer provides on-site child care to 14 or fewer children for the exclusive benefit of employees. Larger facilities for employees may be approved by the Planning Commission, if allowed by the Airport Land Use Commission. 6. Broadcast studios are allowed by right except that an administrative use permit is required to permit any on-site antennas, dishes, or transmission towers; or any radio, microwave or other type of airbound transmission from the project site or any other site within the Airport Area. 7. Caretakers quarters shall have a maximum floor area of 1,000 square feet and shall not be allowed in aviation safety area S-1a or the runway protection zone, as defined in the ALUP. 8. These uses are identified in the San Luis Obispo County Regional Airport Land Use Plan as noise-sensitive, specific sound-attenuation requirements may apply. Refer to the ALUP for more information. 4-20 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN 4.4 DEVELOPMENT INTENSITY STANDARDS The following development standards prescribe the intensity of development in the planning area based on criteria such as parcel dimensions, building coverage, floor area ratios, employee concentrations, etc. (also see “Design Guidelines and Development Standards,” Chapter 5). The standards for the R-2 and AG zones are as provided in the City’s Zoning Regulations. 4.4.1 PARCEL DIMENSIONS The minimum dimensions for land parcels under each land use designation are shown in Table 4.4. Condominiums are the preferred approach for accommodating small, individually owned business spaces. 4.4.2 BUILDING INTENSITY AND COVERAGE Building intensity is measured by “floor area ratio,” which is the ratio of building floor area to parcel area. For example, a one-story building covering one-half of its site would have a floor area ratio of 0.5, while a two-story building covering one-half of its site would have a floor area ratio of 1.0. Coverage is simply the percentage of the parcel area covered by specified features. In the Zoning Regulations, coverage limits apply only to buildings and other structures. Within this specific plan, some land use designations have coverage limits for additional features. Table 4.5 shows allowable floor ratios and building coverage standards for each land use designation. 4.4.3 EMPLOYEE AND CUSTOMER CONCENTRATIONS Maximum concentrations for employees and customers are established in the interest of airport safety. Table 4.6 shows permitted concentrations of people by Aviation Safety Area, per the Airport Land Use Plan. 4.4.4 BUILDING SETBACK STANDARDS Setbacks are the landscaped spaces between buildings or parking and property lines, whether along streets or between adjacent parcels. Table 4.7 shows setback standards. 4.4.5 PARKING REQUIREMENTS The parking requirements for development in the Specific Plan area are shown in Table 4.8. The table includes minimum and maximum parking rates. The design of parking areas is discussed in detail in Chapter 5. Table 4.4 San Luis Obispo Airport Area Specific Plan PARCEL DIMENSIONS Land Use Designation Minimum Area Minimum Width Minimum Depth Maximum Depth: Width Ratio Minimum Frontage Open Space 40 ac 660 ft 660 ft None None (b) Business Park 0.5 ac (a) 100 ft 100 ft 3:1 50 ft Service Commercial 9,000 sf 60 ft 100 ft 3:1 40 ft Manufacturing 9,000 sf 60 ft 100 ft 3:1 40 ft Airport Facility Subdivision and lease parcels are subject to approval by the County. Medium- density Residential Minimum dimensions are as provided in the Subdivision Regulations. The mobile-home park has been recognized as a long-established use. It may be converted to resident- ownership, but redevelopment of the site at an increased density is not permitted by the Airport Land Use Plan. Notes: (a) Guideline: The Business Park zone should include a range of parcel sizes above the minimum. (b) Each parcel must have access from a public road, or an access easement from a public road acceptable to the City. (c) Common Interest Subdivisions are permitted, subject to the requirements of the Subdivision Regulations. LAND USE | 4-21 Table 4.5 San Luis Obispo Airport Area Specific Plan BUILDING INTENSITY AND COVERAGE STANDARDS Also see Table 4.6 and Figure 4-5. Limitations on employee and customer concentrations due to airport safety are more restrictive than the standards provided below in most cases and may reduce maximum potential FAR. Design Standard Land-use Designation Business Park Service Commercial Manufacturing Maximum floor area ratio: warehousing, storage, or automated manufacturing uses 1.0 1.0 1.0 Maximum floor area ratio: all other uses .6 .6 .6 Maximum coverage for buildings, driveways, and parking (a) 80% 90% 90% Minimum landscaped space (planted areas, water features, and hard surfaces used mainly, by pedestrians) as percentage of site area 20% 10% 10% Table 4.6 San Luis Obispo Airport Area Specific Plan EMPLOYEE & CUSTOMER CONCENTRATIONS Airport Safety Area Maximum number of Employees, Clients or Customers with Long-term Stays On Each Site Runway Protection Zones 5 per acre Aviation Safety Area S-1a 40 per acre Aviation Safety Area S-1b 50-75* per acre Aviation Safety Area S-1c 120 per acre Aviation Safety Area 2 Unlimited *Refer to Airport Land Use plan, actual maximum depends on project site distance form runway Numbers may be averaged over an entire property. Table 4.7 San Luis Obispo Airport Area Specific Plan SETBACK STANDARDS Setback Distance Between: Business Park Service Commercial Manufacturing Buildings and property lines along streets (a) 16 feet 16 feet 16 feet Parking lots and property lines along streets 10 feet 5 feet 5 feet Buildings and property lines between adjacent parcels (b) None None None Parking lots and property lines between adjacent parcels (c) 5 feet None None All Zones – Setbacks from property lines along Buckley Road All Physical Improvements ñ 15 feet Buildings ñ 32 feet Parking Lots ñ 25 feet Notes: (a) Uncovered sitting and eating areas may be located within setbacks, but to noise exposure are discouraged along major roads. (b) The Building Code may require separation, depending on the type of construction. (c) Parking lots covered by a common parking agreement may extend across a 4.4.6 BUILDING HEIGHT The maximum building height standards for the Airport Area Specific Plan are provided in Table 4.9. Chapter 5 includes important guidelines for building design with respect to building height. Notwithstanding the height restrictions provided in Table 4.9, in no case are building heights permitted to create an “obstruction to air navigation” as defined in the SLO County Regional Airport Land Use Plan. 4-22 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Table 4.8 San Luis Obispo Airport Specific Plan PARKING STANDARDS Type of Land Use Minimum Parking Rate (1 space/indicated floor area) Maximum Parking Rate (1 space/indicated floor area) Square feet Square feet Business services, research, design, manufacturing 500 300 Retail sales and personal services 300 300 Warehousing, wholesaling 1,500 500 Child or elder care for on- site workers (a) None None Note: (a) The parking for care facilities serving multiple employers will be determined through the required use permit, and may take into consideration loading or short-term stopping lanes on the site as well as any curbside parking spaces in the public right-of-way. Table 4.9 San Luis Obispo Airport Area Specific Plan MAXIMUM BUILDING HEIGHT STANDARDS Building Type Land Use Category Business Park Service Commercial Manufacturing R-2 Occupied Buildings 45 feet* 36 feet 36 feet See R-2 zoning Non-Occupied Architectural Features 52 feet 46 feet 46 feet See R-2 zoning *not to exceed 3 stories Note: Notwithstanding the height restrictions provided in Table 4.9, in no case are building heights to create an “obstruction to air navigation” as defined in the SLO County Regional Airport Land Use Plan. . 4.4.7 AMENITY INCENTIVES Projects in the Business Park, Service Commercial, and Manufacturing designations may be granted incentives for amenities that are not required by the Zoning Regulations or by this specific plan. Examples of such amenities are: child or elder care facilities bicycle or public transportation facilities, integrated with areawide systems, such as improved transit stops or bike paths wildlife habitat restoration (beyond what may be required) pubic plaza areas designed to allow use by the general public public art (beyond minimum City requirements) private recreational facilities (sports and volleyball courts) implementation of the drainage policies listed in Section 7.1 beyond that required by the Waterways Management Plan. Such incentives are limited to the following exceptions to Development Standards, and each is subject to approval by the Planning Commission, Architectural Review Commission or Community Development Director: Up to 10% increase in floor area ratio (for example, from 0.6 to 0.66) Up to 20% increase in height Up to 20% reduction in required street setback Up to 10% reduction in required parking 4.4.8 PROPERTY CONDITION A. All land, structures, and improvements shall be maintained in a condition that does not detract from the health, safety, and appearance of the planning area. In particular, the following conditions are prohibited: 1. Dilapidated or vandalized buildings, parts of buildings, signs, outdoor walls, fences, or landscape features such as benches and fountains. LAND USE | 4-23 2. Accumulation of trash or debris. 3. Accumulation of scrap materials, except at a contractors’ yard or bulk recycling facility approved and screened. 4. Dead landscape planting. 5. The proliferation of untended, weedy plants on the part of a site approved for development. B. Vehicle and equipment storage shall be regulated so that it does not detract from appearance of the planning area. The following provisions shall apply to any motor vehicle, trailer, camper, camper shell, motorcycle, motor-home, boat, aircraft, or similar conveyance: 1. Off-street parking or storage shall be on a dust-free, all- weather surface. 2. Modifying, servicing, repairing, restoring, assembling, disassembling, or wrecking shall be conducted within an enclosed building, except where approved and screened as provided in this chapter 3. Parking, storing, or placing such a conveyance, or any part of such a conveyance, which is disabled, unregistered, orinoperative, shall be within an enclosed building, except where approved and screened. 4.5 DETAILED AREA PLAN FOR COMPATIBILITY WITH AIRPORT OPERATIONS The Land Use Chapter of the Airport Area Specific Plan has been prepared in consultation with the Airport Land Use Commission and its policies are intended to insure on-going compatibility between development in the Airport Area and airport operations. There is a mutually beneficial relationship between economic development in the Airport Area and the continued operation and expansion of the SLO County Regional Airport. This relationship is balanced by the need to insure the safety of both people who live and work in the area as well as aircraft passengers and pilots. To help insure that this balance is maintained, this Specific Plan includes goals, policies and programs to guide decision makers. Figure 4-5 illustrates how the safety policies of the Airport Land Use Plan will be met, although the Airport Land Use Plan and not Figure 4-5 set the actual standards. Figure 4-5 is simply provided to illustrate the effect of those standards. Policy 4.5.1 Cluster Development Zone The AASP shall meet the open space requirements of the ALUP, and the area shown in Figure 4-5 shall be maintained in a manner that qualifies the area as a Cluster Development Zone (CDZ), to the approval of the Airport Land Use Commission. Policy 4.5.2 Airport Compatible Open Space Per the requirements of the ALUP, Airport Compatible Open Space (ACOS) shall be maintained consistent with ALUP policies. The following areas are included as ACOS zones: 1. The agricultural buffer along the southwest boundary of the Avila Ranch property, 2. The ACOS zones north and south of Tank Farm road as depicted in figure 4-6. Table 4.10 San Luis Obispo Airport Area Specific Plan CLUSTER DEVELOPMENT ZONE Land Use Designation Acres % Open Space and Agriculture 425 37% Business Park 233.2 20% Services and Manufacturing 491.4 42% Medium-density Residential 7 1% Total 1156.6 100% 4-24 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Figure 4-5 Airport Compatibility (Maximum Non-Residential Density) LAND USE | 4-25 Figure 4-6 Airport Compatible Open Space areas on the Chevron Tank Farm property COMMUNITY DESIGN | 5-1 5.0 COMMUNITY DESIGN Each ‘layer’ of understanding informs the planning response. INTENT SENSE OF PLACE The intent of the Community Design Chapter is to ensure that new development in the Airport Area is well-designed and contributes to the creation of a built environment that enhances San Luis Obispo’s unique sense of place. A second objective is to provide for new development whose physical character will enhance and respond to San Luis Obispo’s and the Airport Area’s specific physical and aesthetic context. In other words, new development should reflect the area’s unique character and tradition, and not be typical industrial tract type development. PHYSICAL IDENTITY The physical identity of the Airport Area is a product of several diverse elements, including natural factors such as topography, vegetation and drainage, and human factors such as land use, development patterns and architectural character. In order to achieve a built environment in the Airport Area that is a positive physical expression of its setting, it is important to understand the qualities and elements that contribute to its identity. Observation of the landscape and community input highlight a number of qualities that contribute to the positive identity of the area. These 5-2 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Views of Santa Lucia Range are an important component of the planning area’s character. Removal of remnants of former oil tank farm will enhance the area’s visual quality and sense of openness. qualities are the basis for a series of design principles that have informed the creation of the design guidelines and development standards in this Chapter, and the Plan as a whole: Openness Connectivity Transition Ruralness Diversity The following is a brief discussion about how these qualities are present in the landscape, and how, as guiding principles, they can ensure that new development will be compatible with, and enhance, the identity of the Airport Area. OPENNESS Importance of Views From its location on the periphery of the City, the greater landscape of hills, valleys, cultivated fields and pastureland easily dominates the manmade elements such as industrial buildings, airport facilities, roadways, utility lines, and scattered homes. The area is visually quite ‘open’, affording sweeping views of the scenic rural and agricultural open space and distinctive peaks and ridgelines that ring the area. In spite of the absence of distinctive visual elements or design features within the area, and the generally low visual quality of much of the existing development, the area leaves a very positive impression due to the views provided to the more scenic surroundings. Preserving this sense of openness should be pursued in all new Airport Area development. Open Space Framework The land use plan preserves this sense of openness by designating most of the former tank farm site at the heart of the planning area for natural open space, and by preserving wide, COMMUNITY DESIGN | 5-3 The mature widow of cypress trees along South Higuera Street unifies the corridor ad suggests a visual connection back to the city center. Planning area creeks provide an opportunity to create open space corridors with bicycle and pedestrian connections to the rest of the community. naturally vegetated open space corridors along planning area creeks. This framework ties into the open space system of the Margarita Area and the South Street Hills, the citywide creek system, and the citywide greenbelt that encompasses the south edge of the planning area. The result is an extensive open space framework that will allow new development to occur while still maintaining much of the setting’s existing open quality. Figure 5-1 illustrates the Open Space Framework envisioned by the Plan. Open Space Framework Design Guidelines To build on the open space amenity, the following design guidelines should be implemented: When possible, streets and buildings within the Airport Area should be designed to take advantage of views out to the open space areas, agricultural fields, peaks and ridgelines that contribute so much to the area’s character, and in to the natural environment of the former tank farm. Providing breaks or “windows” in the development pattern should be encouraged to loosen the development fabric and afford views out to the surrounding agricultural environment, and in to the natural environment of the former tank farm. Building heights and location should be carefully considered in order to minimize the obstruction of scenic views. The use of solid fences and other features that obstruct views and diminish the sense of openness should be discouraged. Additional cleanup of the former tank farm site should be undertaken to remove unsightly surface features that obstruct views or detract from the quality of views. Consistent with human health and safety, the earth berms and fencing along Tank Farm Road should be removed or reconfigured to improve views and the overall visual quality of the landscape and roadway. 5-4 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Figure 5-1 Creek and Open Space Framework COMMUNITY DESIGN | 5-5 CONNECTIVITY Planning Area Connections to City If the Airport Area is to be perceived as part of the City and contribute to the overall character of the community, it is essential to make evident its connection to the rest of the community. The location of the South Street Hills between the planning area and the central portion of the City acts as a barrier that weakens the apparent physical link between the two areas. In addition, the difference in land use (i.e., predominantly industrial) and the generally lower development standards in the planning area weaken the perceived aesthetic and cultural connections that might bind the Airport Area to the larger community. The Specific Plan, through its land use plan, development standards and design guidelines, presents strategies to strengthen both the physical and perceptual connections. Three key elements physically link the City and the Airport Area: The South Higuera Street and Broad Street corridors, The creeks that flow from the City through the area; and Open space and hills bordered by urban development Enhancing the Connections By enhancing these elements, the physical connections can be strengthened. By raising the design and development standards in the area to be more consistent with the rest of the City, the perceived connection (i.e., the sense of belonging) between the Airport Area to the rest of the City can also be enhanced. While the community design concept strives to enhance the connections between the planning area and the urban core of the City, it also attempts to preserve a positive relationship with the surrounding rural, agricultural landscape. As discussed in the preceding discussion of “openness”, the Plan calls for preservation of visual connections between the developed areas and rural open space areas. Connectivity Design Guidelines The sense of planning area connectivity can be enhanced in the following ways: Create consistent design treatments, such as street trees and gateway features, along the South Higuera Street and Broad Street corridors that show the extension of the City’s domain into the Airport Area, while also unifying and enhancing the character and quality of these corridors. Where feasible, extend new planning area roadways to connect with existing roadways as a means of improving the east-west and north-south connections with the rest of the City. This should include local streets as well as collectors such as Prado Road and Santa Fe Road. The Edna Valley wine region is an important destination and entry to the city. 5-6 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Internal street systems should be designed to provide through connections with adjoining properties, and avoid overly circuitous and dead-end routes. Improve pedestrian and bicycle connections between the planning area and the City by developing creekside multi-use trails throughout the planning area, with connections to existing and proposed creekside trails in adjoining areas. Provide sidewalks and bicycle paths or lanes along all planning area roadways, with connections to existing and proposed facilities on adjoining City streets. Physical and visual connections should be provided between development areas and the adjoining open space areas. Pedestrian and bicycle paths should connect development areas with the creekside trail system in the central open space area. TRANSITION Part of an Urban/Rural Continuum From a community design standpoint, the annexation and development of the Airport Area is intended to provide a permanent and gradual transition from the urbanized core of the City to the surrounding rural countryside, and vice versa. The Airport Area is not just the outer ring of the urbanized area, but is conceived as part of a continuum between two increasingly dynamic activity centers: Downtown San Luis Obispo, on the one hand, and the Edna Valley wine region on the other. The Airport Area is not just the last part of town seen when heading south. It is also the gateway to the City from the Edna Valley. The role the planning area plays as a transition between urban and rural is key to conceiving the future development character of the area. An analysis of the planning area context shows that the valley expands north to south from the urban core to the agricultural areas. The scale of the landscape and the sense of openness dramatically increase as one travels south: land patterns and natural elements increase in scale, the city street grid expands, parcel sizes tend to increase, and the valleys widen out to open fields. Views are drawn to the Davenport Hills in the south and the South Street Hills in the north. From east to west, the landscape tends to be more even in scale, texture and land use, with views being drawn towards the Santa Lucia Range to the east and the Irish Hills to the west. Conceptually, the valley landscape, and the particular combination of land use, infrastructure and topography in the area, can be conceived as an expanding grid that opens out from the heart of the City to the agricultural lands in the south. Figure 5-2 shows an abstraction of this concept. Enhancing the Transition The community design framework derived from this conceptualization recognizes the Airport Area as a physical part of the landscape continuum, and attempts to strengthen connections and clarify transitions in pattern and scale from City to Airport Area to agriculture. The community design framework suggests that the pattern of new development should fit into the existing patterns instead of substituting another pattern of its own, and that the scale of the new development should serve to transition from the town grid to the agrarian grid. The abstraction of the valley landscape illustrated in Figure 5-2 is not intended as a literal depiction of future form, but as a tool to help understand the qualities that make the Airport Area special. The community design principles derived from the physical analysis of the urban and agricultural landscapes are to ensure that the form of future development in the Airport Area will be compatible with its context. “Transition Design” Guidelines The sense of transition in the planning area can be enhanced by implementing the following design guidelines: The open space should flow south from the South Street Hills, through the Margarita area, down through the center of the planning area, gradually expanding outward as it merges with the unincorporated agricultural lands to the south. COMMUNITY DESIGN | 5-7 Figure 5-2 The planning area (shaded) forms a critical link in the transition from San Luis Obispo’s urban core to the rural open space south of the planning area. The expanding grid conceptually illustrates the change in scale and openness as one moves from town to country. The southern entries to the planning area along South Higuera Street and Broad Street should be marked as gateways to announce the transition from County to City. The landscape treatment of both public roadways and private development should reflect the transitional character of the planning area by maintaining a plant palette that is more natural and agrarian in character, rather than emphasizing ornamental and exotic species. Lighting levels along public roadways and within private development areas should generally be kept as low as possible, consistent with public safety, in order to provide a transition between urban and rural levels of illumination. RURALNESS Responding to the Rural Agricultural Heritage The sense of the community’s rural, agricultural heritage is still strong in the planning area vicinity. Cattle grazing and scattered rural residences within the planning area and a nearby tannery in the Margarita Area are reminders of the area’s past, as are the active farms and vineyards that are visible to the south and east. The design and layout of future development should strive to maintain a connection to this tradition, and not allow the area to become just another anonymous corporate business park or industrial center. While development of the area will clearly reduce the planning area’s rural, agricultural characteristics, there are a number of ways in which references can be made to this heritage through site planning, landscape design, and architecture. The intent is not to dictate agriculturally-themed or historicist architecture, but to encourage development that recognizes and references the area’s rural, agricultural heritage as a significant cultural element that contributes to the special identity of the planning area. 5-8 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN “Ruralness” Design Guidelines Some of the methods by which the sense of connection to the area’s rural, agricultural heritage can be enhanced include: The preservation of view corridors from planning area development and roadways out to surrounding open space and agricultural lands. The use of building forms that are generally simple and expressive of their function, as are most agricultural buildings and structures. The incorporation of architectural forms and details that reference those of rural, agricultural structures. The use of a landscape palette that emphasizes the use of native and naturalized plant materials, as well as ornamental versions of agriculturally-based species such as olives, walnuts, and grapes. The use of planting patterns that evoke either natural growth patterns, such as oak woodlands, agricultural planting patterns, such as orchards, or rural farm patterns such as shaded allées. The use of building materials and colors that are reminiscent of, or at least compatible with, rural, agricultural development. The use of surface drainage, such as grassed swales, to collect and transport runoff, rather than strict dependence on subsurface systems. DIVERSITY Concern for Quality, Rather than Style The development character of San Luis Obispo is characterized by a pleasant diversity of styles that portray the community’s growth over time. The Plan calls for this diversity to be continued in the development of the Airport Area. The repetitive quality or ‘sameness’ that seems to characterize development in many industrial and business park areas is to be avoided. Conversely, Views of adjoining agricultural setting creates a rural context for the area. The area’s rural/agricultural heritage can be a source of future built form and character. COMMUNITY DESIGN | 5-9 an “anything goes” approach to architectural design should also be avoided. A specific framework is desirable. As in the rest of the community, the unifying element will be the concern for quality, rather than style. Incorporation of the preceding four community design principles in the design of new development should provide a sound foundation that allows for diversity in the design of individual developments without sacrificing quality. Diversity should be obtained within a framework of cohesiveness. Architectural forms that respond to the area’s rural heritage, when incorporated into new structures and remodeled existing structures, will create a cohesive framework that will impart an image to the area as a whole. Diversity within this framework is encouraged. “Diversity” Design Guidelines Implementation of the following design guidelines will enhance the diversity of future planning area development: Understanding that similar building systems are employed to construct industrial and office type structures, building design should still be varied and distinctive. Repetitive design solutions should be avoided. Natural and man-made features such as drainageways, landmark trees and tree stands, utility easements, flight zones, etc. should be considered as elements that give diversity and character to the development of the area. In addition to the architectural design, elements such as landscaping, signage, and lighting should be used to add richness, continuity and diversity to the development pattern. Adjacent buildings should be of compatible styles, or separated sufficiently to allow each style to be appreciated independently from the other. The diversity of San Luis’ architecture is part of the City’s charm. This structure reflects the rural architectural framework while reflecting the region’s history. 5-10 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN GOALS, GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS The guidelines and standards that follow are more specific interpretations of how the community design principles discussed above can be applied to site planning, architecture, landscape design and roadway design. The format followed in this chapter uses goals, guidelines and standards to provide a variety of design direction. Goals are statements of a desired end state, and are intended to provide a general overall direction to landowners, developers, and City staff and decision-makers. Guidelines refer to methods or approaches that may be used to achieve a stated goal. Typically, guidelines are still general, and often qualitative, in nature. They are open to interpretation depending upon specific conditions, and are intended to leave significant discretion as to how they are satisfied. Guidelines should be followed unless it is demonstrated that an alternative design better implements the goals, policies, and other guidelines of this plan. Standards, on the other hand, define actions or requirements that must be fulfilled by new development. SITE PLANNING AND ORGANIZATION Building Orientation and Setbacks Relationship to the Street. Frequently, industrial and business park development abandons the public street solely to vehicular traffic by orienting buildings internally toward their parking lots, rather than toward the public domain represented by the street. This typically results in an anonymous, unanimated public corridor that is unattractive to pedestrians and bicyclists. New development in the Airport Area will be encouraged to consciously consider how its design can positively influence the aesthetic character of the streetscape and enhance its suitability for pedestrian use. Requiring buildings to directly address the street is one means of adding character and focus to the public domain. Buildings should address the street directly and maintain consistent street setbacks. COMMUNITY DESIGN | 5-11 Buildings on corner lots need to present an attractive façade to both streets. Goal 5.1: A continuous, well-defined streetscape edge that unifies and enhances the character of the development areas and that supports pedestrian activity through its site planning and design. Guidelines A. Buildings are encouraged to front directly on the landscaped setback adjacent to the street right-of-way, rather than locating parking between the street and building. B. Parking should be located behind or along the sides of buildings. C. The main entrance to any building with frontage on the primary street serving the project should be oriented toward the primary street. D. Building setbacks on adjacent parcels should be varied to provide visual interest, but not so much that the variation destroys the continuity of the streetscape frontage. The variation between setbacks along a streetscape frontage should not be more than 5 meters (16 feet). Standards 5.1.1 Principal buildings shall be oriented parallel to the street. 5.1.2 No more than one double-loaded parking bay will be allowed between the street and the front of the building. 5.1.3 Direct pedestrian access shall be provided from the street serving the project to the main entrance. 5.1.4 Buildings shall have architecturally articulated entry features facing the street. Relationship to Open Space. The Airport Area is blessed with a dramatic natural setting that includes substantial open space resources at the heart of the development area. While the primary orientation of new development should be toward the streets that serve it, new development also needs to consider building orientation that takes advantage of the open space amenity. Airport Area development should be conceived as being built within a continuous and fully integrated open space framework that consists of a range of natural and man-made open space resources. These resources range from the creek corridors and natural resource areas that extend through the center of the area, to the public streetscapes that front all development, to the open space amenities provided within individual developments. In order to realize the potential of this framework, it is essential that new development include physical and visual connections between development areas and open space areas. Buildings arranged to preserve views. 5-12 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Mountain view corridors through development areas to open space areas. Provide pedestrian and bicycle access to open space trail system. Goal 5.2: New development fully integrated with a comprehensive open space framework. Guidelines A. On sites with multiple buildings, building heights and separation between structures should be coordinated to allow views to surrounding open space and landforms. B. Development adjacent to public open space and trails should allow for public access to the open space from developments that do not share adjacency or direct access to the open space system. C. The siting of buildings, service facilities, circulation, parking, and other elements of new development should take into consideration established development patterns adjacent to the site. Potentially incompatible uses or design elements (e.g., loading areas, refuse collection areas, and high traffic access drives) shall be sited away from sensitive existing use areas on adjacent sites, such as entrances, plazas, lunch areas and other gathering places. Standards A.1.1 On properties adjacent to public open space and trails, convenient pedestrian and bicycle connections shall be provided for employees between the buildings and the open space system. Pedestrian Activity Areas A primary goal of the Specific Plan is to ensure that future development contributes to the creation of a high quality work environment. One method of achieving this goal will be to provide a safe and attractive pedestrian environment. Frequently, industrial and business park development does not pay enough attention to the needs of its users when they are not in their cars. It is important that the needs of pedestrians, whether employees, customers or visitors, be sensitively planned for within individual sites. This includes providing convenient and attractive pedestrian access from public streets, trails, and parking areas. It also includes providing comfortable and attractive plazas, courtyards, and outdoor gathering areas where people can relax individually, gather as groups, or have lunch away from the work place. While the character of such areas and the quality of their improvements will vary depending on the nature of the land use (e.g., warehousing versus office uses), all new development should COMMUNITY DESIGN | 5-13 accommodate outdoor leisure activities for those that work at these facilities. Goal 5.3: Attractive and comfortable outdoor pedestrian use areas near or adjacent to buildings. Guidelines A. The provision of open space amenities such as plazas and seating areas accessible to employees, clients and visitors is encouraged at building entries and adjacent to buildings. B. Attractive paving, plantings, and site furniture should be provided at entries and outdoor use areas. C. Outdoor use areas should be located away from, or at least screened or buffered from, parking lots, driveways, and industrial activity areas that are incompatible with or unappealing to pedestrian use. Where development sites are adjacent to open space areas, employee lunch areas should be located to take advantage of views out to open space. D. Outdoor employee use areas should be sited and designed to ensure comfortable climatic conditions for their users, including shelter from wind and appropriate seasonal balance of solar access and shade. Parking The parking needed to serve industrial and business park development can occupy a substantial portion of the developed area. The design objectives are both functional and aesthetic: to ensure safe pedestrian movement between the parking and buildings and to minimize the visual impact associated with large areas of parking. Outdoor use areas contribute to the quality of the work environment. 5-14 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN In addition to parking within each development site, on-street parking is proposed along all local streets. On-street parking can provide a number of benefits, including: a reduction in traffic speeds on local streets; an increase in pedestrian activity at the front of buildings; and a reduction in parking needed on site. Goal 5.4: Safe and efficient vehicular parking areas that are designed to be in scale with and visually subordinate to the development and landscape setting. Guidelines A. On-street parking is encouraged along all streets providing direct access to a development site. B. The number of parking area entrances and exits should be minimized to reduce vehicular conflicts at intersections. Parking lots with more than 100 spaces should have more than one street access. C. Where possible, parking lots on adjacent parcels should have vehicular and pedestrian connections between lots of adjacent developments in order to facilitate circulation. D. Parking areas should be divided into multiple small lots, rather than one large lot, through the siting of internal circulation corridors, landscaped medians, and buildings. E. The use of pervious surfaces that reduce heat buildup and stormwater runoff are encouraged for parking areas, particularly in overflow parking areas and those adjacent to open space (see drainage guidelines at the end of this chapter). F. Use low (approximately one meter in height) hedges, shrub masses or walls between parking areas and street frontages, and other parking areas, to screen parking lots from views, as well as to give a defined and attractive edge to the development site. Parking and service areas should be located to side and rear of buildings. Landscaping should be used to enhance the comfort and aesthetic character of paving areas. COMMUNITY DESIGN | 5-15 G. For each parking lot, a single tree species should be used for all end-of-aisle planting islands, and that species, or one additional species, should be used for planter areas between stalls. H. The use of native plant materials that reference the natural landscape or ornamental versions of orchard-type tree species that reference the area’s agricultural heritage are encouraged. Orchard-style planting of parking areas can be achieved with an equally-spaced planting of trees at a ratio of 1 tree for every four spaces for Business Park development, 1 tree for every six spaces for Services and Manufacturing development. Standards 5.4.1. Parking lots shall be located at the rear or side of buildings, rather than between the front facade of the building and the street. Side parking shall not exceed 40% of the frontage of the lot on the primary street. 5.4.2 Where parking layout exceeds two rows in depth (i.e., one double-loaded parking bay), parking lot aisles shall be oriented perpendicular to the building(s) (i.e., aligned in direction of pedestrian movement) to increase pedestrian safety. 5.4.3 A pedestrian path or sidewalk located within the landscape median between parking bays is required in cases where there are more than three bays of parking or the configuration of the bays makes it difficult for pedestrians to access the buildings, to the discretion of the Community Development Director. 5.4.4 Parking lots shall be planted with shade trees in a pattern and number that can be reasonably expected to shade at least 50% of the lot surface within ten (10) years of planting, and provide a nearly continuous canopy at maturity. 5.4.5 A 10% reduction in the required number of parking spaces may be granted by the Director for development within one-quarter mile of a regularly scheduled transit stop. 5.4.6 A 5% reduction in the required number of parking spaces may be granted by the Director for development that provides showers and changing rooms, in addition to the secure, sheltered bicycle parking facilities already required by City code. 5.4.7 A 5% reduction in the required number of parking spaces may be granted by the Director for development of parking areas that increase storm water infiltration (see Drainage guidelines in section 5.2.4). A fully-integrated system of on- and off-street bicycle facilities shall be developed. 5-16 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN New development should encourage safe and convenient pedestrian circulation. Outdoor Use Areas Given the nature of proposed business park, service and manufacturing uses in the planning area, outdoor use areas, whether for storage, assembly, etc., need to be accommodated. Table 5.2 San Luis Obispo Airport Area Specific Plan DESIGN STANDARDS – WALKWAYS AND AMENITIES Design Standard Land Use Designation Business Park Service Commercial Manufacturing Outdoor amenities for workers, such as areas for play and eating, are available. Encouraged Encouraged Encouraged Where sidewalks along streets provide indirect routes. Other walkways will link building entries, parking lots, bus stops, and employee convenience facilities by direct routes. Required Encouraged Encouraged Pedestrian paths separate from roadways extend through the site, particular where routes parallel to creeks are available. Required Encouraged Encouraged Driveways, parking, and outdoor employee amenities are share among neighboring sites, especially for parcels that are close to the minimum size. Encouraged Encouraged Encouraged Goal 5.5: Outdoor storage and work areas that are aesthetically and functionally compatible with adjoining uses. Guideline A. Site development plans must clearly show all areas intended for outdoor manufacturing or storage. COMMUNITY DESIGN | 5-17 Standard A.5.1 Outdoor manufacturing or storage shall not occupy any required parking space, driveway, creek or creek setback area. The standards in Table 5.3 shall apply to outdoor use areas. Screening Goal 5.6: All loading, service, storage areas, trash and recycling collection areas, and all utilities are properly screened from view of streets, primary entry drives, buildings, and recreation and open space areas. Guidelines A. All screening enclosures should be designed as an integral part of the building, and should be constructed of durable materials with finishes and colors that are compatible with the project’s overall architectural character. Enclosure walls should have foundation planting or be planted with vines to soften their appearance. B. Transformers and other utility equipment that must be above ground should be screened with planting, berms, or with an enclosure. Exterior mounted utility equipment should be painted to blend with its surroundings. C. Where feasible, trash and recycling enclosure areas should be located for convenient deposit and collection of refuse. These should be screened from view of adjacent properties and streets. D. Transformers, refuse stations, irrigation back-flow prevention devices and controllers, and other utilities should be located outside the street frontage setback and screened with landscaping or architectural treatments. Table 5.3 San Luis Obispo Airport Area Specific Plan OUTDOOR USE AREAS Outdoor Storage Or Manufacturing Land Use Category Business Park Service Commercial Manufacturing Maximum Area Cannot exceed actual building coverage on site 50% of site area No limit Location Behind buildings & outside setbacks Behind buildings & outside setbacks Outside setbacks Paving Required as for parking lots Required as for parking lots Dust-free, all- weather surface acceptable Screening Not visible from off site Not visible from streets or residential sites Not visible from streets or residential sites Restroom(s) and indoor office and worker eating area Required Required Required, except upon written approval by Director for storage with no public visitation and no on-site workers Standards 5.6.1 Loading docks and refuse collection areas are not permitted in the area between the building and the street. 5.6.2 Each commercial or industrial loading or outdoor recycling or waste collection area shall be located on the side of a building opposite from parcel lines or street frontages of any land designated for residential use. 5-18 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Architectural landscape elements should be used to screen loading docks and service areas. 5.6.3 Storage, service, trash and recycling collection areas shall be located either within an enclosure or behind a visual barrier. 5.6.4 Loading dock areas shall be set back, recessed, and screened from view by walls, berms, or plantings. 5.6.5 Exterior on-site utilities (including drainage systems, sewers, gas lines, water lines, electrical, telephone, and communications wires and equipment) shall be installed underground except, where required to be above ground by government agencies. 5.6.6 Rooftop mechanical equipment shall be screened by parts of the roof, or architecturally compatible screening features, so the equipment is not visible from the ground outside the site or open space areas to the public. On sites designated Business Park, such screening shall make rooftop equipment not visible from a viewpoint outside the site and at the same height as the equipment. PRESERVATION OF VIEWS AND SCENIC RESOURCES Views From the Road The General Plan says that scenic views from major roads should be preserved, not blocked by development along the roads or degraded by development at the attractive features. In particular, new buildings must not “wall off” the views of San Luis Obispo’s hills and mountains. Such view blockage is to be considered a significant environmental impact. Several developments in and near the Airport Area have blocked views of the Santa Lucia range and foothills, and other hills around the area. To protect the area’s unique sense of place, it is important that this pattern not be repeated by future development. To protect views, the location and volume of buildings and street trees (at maturity) shall comply with the performance standards in Table 5.4 except where the Architectural Review Commission finds that doing so would prevent reasonable development of a site. Factors that could make the preferred level of view protection infeasible include the development site being higher than the roadway or having a small width or depth compared with nearby sites. Figure 5.3 illustrates conceptually how development can protect views and visual resources. Goal 5.7: Unobstructed public views of key scenic features from major planning area roadways COMMUNITY DESIGN | 5-19 Guideline A. Views from roads to creeks, wetlands, and other designated open spaces should be maintained at creek crossings, and where open space areas adjoin roadways with no intervening private development sites. Views from Development Sites Views out from individual development sites to the surrounding open space and the area’s scenic features can be a valuable amenity that contributes to the quality of the work environment. Guideline A. To the degree feasible, new development should be sited to take advantage of available views by incorporating views of distant scenic resources, as well as on-site or adjacent creeks, wetlands, and other open space features as amenities for workers and visitors. Gateways “Gateways” are locations along a travel route that mark or suggest a sense of passage from one domain to another. They may mark the passage from rural countryside into the city, or the reverse, from the city to the countryside. Gateways can also mark the transition from one land use to another, such as from retail to business park. Or, they can identify the entry into a specific development. Gateways are important because they contribute to the visitor’s sense of place by creating clear first impressions. Special gateway design treatments can enhance these first impressions and make the traveler more aware of the uniqueness and quality of the setting. Figure 5-4 identifies key planning area gateways. The two primary gateways are located at the respective intersection of Broad Street with Buckley Road and at South Higuera at the southern City limits. These gateways have greater significance because they mark not only the transition in and out of the Airport Area, but also are the gateways between the City of San Luis Obispo and the rural, Edna Valley wine region. The other gateways, while important, are more locally oriented, serving primarily as transition points to and from the Airport Area. Goal 5.8: Attractive gateways that provide a positive announcement of entry into the City and the Airport Area. Guidelines A. Gateways shall have the highest priority for: o enhancement of public facilities such as street and sidewalk pavement condition, signs, and lighting; o putting existing overhead utilities underground; o enforcement of property condition standards. 5-20 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Table 5.4 San Luis Obispo Airport Area Specific Plan ROADWAY VIEW PROTECTION Road Segment Scenic Resource Level of Protection South Higuera Street (Buckely Rd. to Suburban Rd.) Santa Lucia mountains and foothills to east These features are too distinct for views to be feasibly maintained while allowing reasonable foreground development. South Street Hills to northeast Views of these features will be preserved mainly looking in the direction of the road rather than perpendicular to it. Irish Hills to west Land seen in this view is outside the Airport Area, but is subject to the same General Plan policies on view protection. Broad Street (North of Buckley Road) Irish Hills to west These features are too distinct for views to be feasibly maintained while allowing reasonable foreground development. San Lucia foothills and mountain to east Land seen in this view is outside the Airport Area, but is subject to the same General Plan policies on view protection. Buckley Road Davenport Hill to south Land seen in this view is outside the Airport Area, but is subject to the same General Plan policies on view protection. Irish Hills to west; Santa Lucia range & foothills to east Views of these features will be preserved mainly looking in the direction of the road rather than perpendicular to it. Tank Farm Road Davenport Hills to south; South Street Hills to north Building volume and mature street trees allow view of at least 60% of the scenic resources visible before development, as seen from 1.5 meters (5 feet) above opposite side of roadway, looking perpendicular to road. (see following illustration.) Santa Lucia foothills and mountains to east Views of these features will be preserved mainly looking in the direction of the road rather than perpendicular to it. Prado Road Davenport Hills to south Building volume and mature street trees allow view of at least 60% of the scenic resources visible before development, as seen from 1.5 meters (5 feet) above opposite side of roadway, looking perpendicular to road. (see following illustration.) South Street Hills to north Land seen in this view is outside the Airport Area, but is subject to the same General Plan policies on view protection. Islay Hill, Santa Lucia range & foothills Views of these features will be preserved mainly looking in the direction of the road rather than perpendicular to it. COMMUNITY DESIGN | 5-21 Table 5.4 (con’d) San Luis Obispo Airport Area Specific Plan ROADWAY VIEW PROTECTION Road Segment Scenic Resource Level of Protection Santa Fe Road (Buckley Road to Prado Road) South Street Hills to north; Davenport Hills to south View of these features will be preserved mainly looking in the direction of the road rather than perpendicular to it. Santa Lucia range & foothills, Islay Hill to east Building volume and mature street trees allow view of at least 60% of the scenic resources visible before development, as seen from 1.5 meters (5 feet) above opposite side of roadway, looking perpendicular to road. (see following illustration.) Irish Hills to west Building volume and mature street trees allow view of at least 60% of the scenic resources visible before development, as seen from 1.5 meters (5 feet) above opposite side of roadway, looking perpendicular to road. (see following illustration.) New Unocal Collector (Tank Farm Road to Prado Road) Cerro San Luis, South Street Hills to north; Davenport Hills to south View of these features will be preserved mainly looking in the direction of the road rather than perpendicular to it. Irish Hills to west Building volume and mature street trees allow view of at least 60% of the scenic resources visible before development, as seen from 1.5 meters (5 feet) above opposite side of roadway, looking perpendicular to road. (see following illustration.) Islay Hill, Santa Lucia range & foothills Building volume and mature street trees allow view of at least 60% of the scenic resources visible before development, as seen from 1.5 meters (5 feet) above opposite side of roadway, looking perpendicular to road. (see following illustration.) 5-22 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Figure 5.3 View Protection Existing Condition This is a view of a potential development site. The sides of the image are meant to be the side property lines. (The photograph was taken looking east from Santa Fe Road in the vicinity of Acacia Creek, and has been digitally modified. This is an illustration only and is not meant to represent a particular development site.). The mountains and foothills are the scenic resource, for which views are to be protected. The trees and buildings are existing middle-ground objects that limit views of the scenic resource. Development Scenario “A” This is an example of how new development could be designed to allow at least one-half of the scenic resource to remain visible. The dashed white line encloses the part of the mountains (i.e., the scenic resource) that was visible before development. In this case, building volume is concentrated on one side of the site, dividing the view of the mountains in half vertically. Street trees have been omitted for clarity. If allowed by driveway location, tall trees would logically be clustered on the left side of the site. Development Scenario “B” This is another example of how new development could be designed to allow at least one-half of the scenic resource to remain visible. The dashed white line encloses the part of the mountains that was visible before development. In this case, building volume is distributed across the site, dividing the view of the mountains in half horizontally. Street trees have been omitted for clarity. Trees that would achieve a modest mature height would be a logical choice. COMMUNITY DESIGN | 5-23 B. The Broad Street/Buckley Road gateway currently lacks features or elements that give it much structure. A special gateway design should be developed for this gateway. The following factors need to be considered in the gateway design: o The gateway treatment needs to provide definition to this entryway without obscuring views of the South Street Hills as one enters town from the south. o Given the open, rural/natural character of the landscape in this area, the gateway treatment should consist of primarily plant materials, rather than structures. o Thematically, the gateway treatment should reference the wine country influences of the Edna Valley. o Any gateway treatment needs to be compatible with Airport Land Use Plan restrictions, such as height limits on vertical elements. o The gateway treatment should emphasize the north- south movement of traffic along Broad Street, and place less emphasis on east-west movement along Buckley Road. C. The South Higuera Street gateway has the benefit of the historic octagonal barn as a landmark marking this entrance to the City. A special gateway design should be developed for this gateway. The following factors need to be considered in the gateway design: o Thematically, the gateway treatment should incorporate and be responsive to the historic octagonal barn as a distinctive entry monument (i.e. it’s design does not have to be the same as the Broad Street gateway). o The location of the gateway treatment should be coordinated with any future Buckley Road intersection with South Higuera Street. o The gateway treatment should emphasize the north-south movement of traffic along South Higuera Street, and place less emphasis on east-west movement along Buckley Road. D. The gateways at either end of Tank Farm Road mark the entry to and transition through the Airport Area. As such, the treatments at either end should be coordinated to enhance the sense of the Airport Area as a distinct district that extends from Broad Street to South Higuera. The following factors need to be considered in the design of the Tank Farm Road gateways: o Given the residential and retail development at either end of the corridor, emphasis should be placed on creating safe and attractive pedestrian and bicycle crossings at the Tank Farm Road intersections with Broad and South Higuera Streets. o Rather than conceiving of the gateways as a single point at either end of the corridor, the treatments at either end of Tank Farm Road should be conceived as an entry sequence that extends into the planning area to the first major cross street (i.e., Santa Fe Road on the east and the new Unocal collector on the west). o In order to visually unify these two diverse segments of the corridor, a strong, formal planting of large-scale street trees should be planted along both sides of the roadway. Ultimately the even spacing of the trees and their mature canopies should provide a sense of enclosure that provides a dramatic contrast to the open character of the central portion of Tank Farm Road between Santa Fe and the Unocal Collector. 5-24 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Figure 5.4 Gateways and Distant Scenic Resources COMMUNITY DESIGN | 5-25 Architecture should be varied and avoid stock solutions. Forms and materials that reference the area’s agricultural tradition are encouraged. ARCHITECTURE Architectural Character The Airport Area is designated to be primarily a “work” environment (as opposed to a retail or residential environment). Given the business, service, and manufacturing uses proposed for the area, “function” will typically be the primary generator of built form for future development, but this does not suggest that the aesthetic character is any less important. In fact, the principal architectural concern will be to raise the overall development standard within the planning area to be more consistent with that of the City as a whole. As discussed in the section on Design Principles, no particular architectural style or character is proposed for the area. However, there is a strong interest in maintaining a connection to the area’s rural agricultural heritage creating a cohesive design framework, and in avoiding standard industrial tract development. While the area’s agricultural tradition may inspire the use of forms and details reminiscent of rural development, the intent is not to create a historically themed development area. In fact, the desire is to avoid a single architectural style or character, and to encourage variety in design. Goal 5.9: Buildings whose architectural character will contribute to the establishment of the Airport Area as an attractive, high quality business center. Guidelines A. Building forms should generally be simple and expressive of their function and their construction technology. B. Architectural character should strive to be responsive to the specific Airport Area and San Luis Obispo context, including factors such as history and climate. 5-26 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN C. Incorporation of principles of sustainable building design is strongly encouraged. Such principles include energy efficiency in the construction and operation of the facility and use of recycled materials and renewable resources. D. Building design should be varied and distinctive, while being in harmony with its context. Repetitive and/or stock design solutions should be avoided. Scale and Massing Goal 5.10: Building massing that adds visual interest, maintains human scale, and expresses building function. Guidelines A. Bold offsets and articulations of the wall plane should be used to: reduce the apparent overall building mass; create a play of shadow; provide visual interest; and maintain a sense of scale. B. Facades that face public streets shall be articulated to give human scale, reduce the apparent mass of large buildings, to add visual interest and avoid the uniform, impersonal appearance typical of many large industrial and office type buildings. C. Massing may vary from building to building but must reinforce the concept of a harmonious and unified cluster of buildings. D. Building forms and placement should be used to create pedestrian areas that are protected from the wind, but have appropriate sun exposure. Standards 5.10.1 Building facades visible from streets shall vary in modules of 20 meters (66 feet) or less. On any building facade, continuous wall planes longer than 30 meters (100 feet) should be avoided. Where interior functions require longer continuous spaces, exterior walls should have architectural features such as columns or pilasters at least every 20 meters. Such architectural features shall have a depth of at least 3 percent of the length of the facade, and shall extend at least 20 percent of the length of the facade. 5.10.2 Facades that face public streets shall use elements such as arcades, awnings, entry features, windows, or other such animating features along at least 60 percent of their horizontal length. Building Heights Goal 5.11: An overall development profile that contributes to the unity and harmony of the planning area when viewed as a whole, but also has enough variety to contribute visual interest and avoid monotony. Guidelines A. Building height profile should be designed to create a harmonious relationship with adjacent buildings both within the site and on adjacent sites. B. Building heights should be varied both within and between sites to provide visual interest and to mitigate the scale of the buildings. Lower building heights should be used near entrances, plazas and other gathering places to maintain human scale. COMMUNITY DESIGN | 5-27 Architectural elements such as monitor roofs and awnings reflect the area’s rural agricultural heritage. C. Rooflines should be varied to add character and interest to buildings. Roof forms that reference rural, agricultural building prototypes are preferred over flat roofs. D. Rooftop equipment shall be consolidated as much as possible and screened from public views, including open space areas open to the public. Enclosures for rooftop equipment shall be integrated into the overall design of the structure. Standard A.11.1 Table 4.9 shows building height standards for the planning area. See the Zoning Regulations for allowed height in the R-2 zone. Architectural Façade and Treatment Goal 5.12: Architectural detailing that gives buildings human scale, visual interest and distinctiveness through the use of high quality finishes and materials that are harmoniously combined to unify individual buildings and to ensure a consistent level of design quality. Guidelines A. Arcades and/or recessed exterior balconies should be used to articulate building form, provide a sense of scale, and create a play of light and shadow. B. Wall and window surface planes should be articulated with reveals, trim, recesses, projections, or other details to provide visual interest and a sense of scale. C. Rooftop equipment should be shielded to provide pleasant roof views from adjacent taller buildings or other elevated viewpoints such as open space areas and trails. 5-28 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Variety in building form, height, massing, and façade treatment will add interest to new development. D. Building entries should be clearly defined and highly visible. This can be accomplished through use of a special architectural feature such as a portico, overhang, decorative cornice, canopy or arcade, and accentuated with a change in materials and color, and accent plantings. E. Emphasize main building entries with entry courtyards or other features so as to be easily recognizable from approaching automobiles and to provide “ceremonial” entry for pedestrians. F. Exterior gutters, scuppers, leaders, leader heads and other exterior rainwater drainage devices are allowed only if they are visually integrated into the building design as a decorative enhancement. Materials and Colors Goal 5.14: A unified identity through use of a harmonious, but varied, palette of materials and colors that is coordinated with landscape elements and signage. Guidelines Exterior Materials A. Within a given architectural design, the exterior appearance of a building should receive a consistent treatment of material and colors on all sides, although the proportion of materials may vary. B. In general, materials should be used honestly, reflecting their natural character, and artificial versions of natural materials such as wood, rock, and masonry should be avoided. COMMUNITY DESIGN | 5-29 C. Reflective or shiny exterior finishes such as glazed roofing tiles, enameled metals, reflective glass, and glossy vinyl coatings are discouraged. When used, glass panels or windows that cover a large portion of the building facade should be clear or moderately reflective. Highly reflective mirror glass is discouraged. Color D. In general, colors should be restrained. Colors that are compatible and complementary with the range of natural tones found in the surrounding landscape are preferable for exterior walls. Trim and accent colors may be brighter, but should still be somewhat muted. Vary wall and window surface planes to add interest and scale. Architectural feature should be used to accentuate building entries. 5-30 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Forms and massing can be simple yet still expressive of the building’s function. Roof forms should be varied to add interest and character to the area. The selection of building materials can contribute to the distinctiveness of new structures. COMMUNITY DESIGN | 5-31 LANDSCAPE Planting Concept The landscape concept calls for the development of a consistent landscape character that is derived from the San Luis Obispo landscape. By using the natural and agricultural landscapes as paradigms for introduced landscape patterns and materials, new development will enhance both the physical and symbolic links to the land and its history. The Plan emphasizes the use of native and naturalized plant species over the use of exotics, both to integrate the planning area with its surroundings, and to increase the sustainability of the introduced landscape. The use of plant species and planting patterns that reference the area’s agricultural heritage will keep the area symbolically grounded in this tradition, as well as maintain an aesthetic connection with ongoing agricultural operations to the south and east. The agricultural landscape includes a number of distinct form and pattern elements that provide structure and reveal the order imposed by ranchers and farmers on the land. While the Plan is not suggesting the introduction of literal orchards and vineyards into the developed landscape, the introduction of agricultural landscape forms and patterns can be effectively used to structure the introduced landscape and make reference to the area’s agricultural heritage. The basic patterns include: The ‘windrow’ or ‘hedgerow’: Trees were traditionally planted in tight rows to act as windbreaks. These features can create dramatic vertical elements in the landscape, good visual buffers and screens, and directional elements. The ‘orchard’: Typically fruit-bearing trees planted in a uniform grid (four-pointed) or quincunx (five-pointed) pattern. The uniform orchard pattern can be used effectively to shade and screen an area such as a parking lot or a plaza area. The ‘grove’ or ‘farm compound’: Typically, the compound of farm buildings, including the farm house, barns, water tower, and out buildings, were informally planted with a mixture of broad canopy shade trees, tall vertical accent trees such as palm trees and Italian cypress, and a variety of specimen plants and exotic ornamentals. This predominantly ornamental planting pattern will be most appropriate in the immediate vicinity of the buildings, and its function is both to unify and add visual interest. The ‘allée’: Traditionally a single or double row of trees bordering both sides of a road, driveway or pedestrian walk. This pattern used both tall columnar trees such as Lombardy poplars and Italian cypress, and broad canopy type trees to shade the corridor. The allée is excellent for giving scale to streets, creating a dramatic sense of entry, and temporizing the climate. This pattern is envisioned for use along public roadways and entry drives. The ‘meadow’ or ‘pasture’: Traditionally associated with grazing of horses and cattle. This pattern consists of low- growing open grasslands. Its main function in the developed landscape is to provide a sense of openness within the built environment. Typically it could include a lawn area, or ornamental grasses or a field of wildflowers. Goal 5.15: An attractive and sustainable landscape pattern that unifies and enhances the quality of the proposed development, while being compatible with the rural agricultural landscape that bounds the area to the south and east. Guidelines A. Street trees in the Airport Area should be planted to enhance the area’s image, and create a strong sense of identity and unity regardless of the variety in land uses and architectural styles. 5-32 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN B. Landscaping along streets and trails should employ a relatively simple palette of plants and other materials that is repeated throughout the area to create a sense of continuity and visual coherence. C. Focal areas, such as the Airport Area gateways, key intersections and project entries should be highlighted through the introduction of specimen trees, intensified planting schemes, special paving and other landscape enhancements. D. Native and naturalized plant species (plants that can easily survive local climatic and soil conditions) are favored over exotic species that require more water, higher maintenance, and are less compatible with the natural landscape. E. The use of native trees and those associated with the agricultural landscape are encouraged throughout the area. For example, Oak trees are a recognized resource in the area. The use of oak species, including Quercus agrifolia (coast live oak) and Quercus lobata (valley oak), in focal areas and landmark locations is encouraged. California sycamore is another appropriate species, particularly in areas adjacent to riparian corridors and wetland areas. F. The character of planted areas near riparian corridors should respect and respond to the natural landscape character of these areas. A gradual transition should be created between zones of purely native vegetation and predominantly ornamental planting areas. G. The use of specimen trees and ornamental species is appropriate to highlight the importance of building entries and distinguish them from the rest of the site landscape. Buildings Goal 5.16: Landscaping that integrates buildings with the larger landscape, and creates a more attractive and comfortable environment. Guidelines A. While the City is interested in having attractive landscaping used throughout the area, development in areas with high public visibility or that are developed for public use, should place additional emphasis on providing high quality landscaping. B. Where visible to the public, foundation planting and landscaping of the ground plane should be used to integrate the building with the site. Windrow Single Species Mixed Species Farm Compound COMMUNITY DESIGN | 5-33 Orchard Pasture C. The use of lawn as a ground cover is generally discouraged because it requires disproportionately high amounts of water, energy and chemicals to maintain. Turf should generally be used in pedestrian activity areas where its ability to accommodate foot traffic is a benefit. When used, turf varieties that have low water requirements, such as improved fescues and Bermuda hybrids, should be favored. D. Trees and taller plant species should be used to mitigate the scale of buildings and to screen unsightly and/or less interesting building features. E. Trees and shrubbery should be used to enhance microclimate conditions and water conservation by reducing ambient temperatures, shading outdoor gathering areas and hot south- and west-facing windows, and providing windbreaks. F. The use of ornamental species and specimen plants is most appropriate near buildings, particularly those areas most visible to the public such as entries, plazas, pathways, and outside windows. Public Art Just as quality architecture and landscape design can contribute to the creation of a distinctive design character for the Airport Area, public art is another mechanism for creating a unique sense of place. As in the rest of the community, the City wishes to enhance the cultural and aesthetic environment of the Airport Area by encouraging the incorporation of public art into both public and private development projects. Goal 5.17: Public art that enriches the aesthetic and cultural environment. Guidelines A. Business Park developments are encouraged to provide public art on-site. Standard Goal 5.17.1: Development in the Airport Area is subject to the requirements of the City’s Public Art ordinance. Grid Quincunx Lawn Meadow 5-34 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN A formal allée of trees can enhance the sense of entry. Landscaping should be used to identify and enhance building entries. Combination of orchard-style planting with informal landscape planting in Orchard-style tree planting of parking lot. COMMUNITY DESIGN | 5-35 Signs The focus of district, parcel and tenant identification signs should be the communication of basic information regarding the names and locations of streets, developments and tenants. Throughout San Luis Obispo, the City’s intent is that signs identify and locate, rather than advertise and sell. This is particularly appropriate in the Airport Area given its emphasis on uses other than retail. As with other elements in the Plan, the design of signs should emphasize simplicity and functionality. Entry signs to individual or multi-parcel developments should reflect the high quality of the development, but avoid the creation of grandiose monuments. Goal 5.18: A consistent, high quality system of signs that allows for creativity in design and commercial identification, while avoiding extremes of size, number, color, height, and shape. Guidelines A. Signs should be visually integrated with the contours, forms, colors and detailing of the landscape design. Low- profile monument signs are generally preferred. B. The colors and materials of signs should reflect the visual attributes of the buildings to which they refer. Harsh or garish colors for background or lettering are discouraged. C. The total square-footage of on-site signage is governed by the City’s Sign Regulations. Table 5.5 San Luis Obispo Airport Area Specific Plan DESIGN STANDARDS – LANDSCAPED SPACE Design Standard Land Use Category Business Park Service Commercial Manufacturing Landscaped space extends continuously between streets, buildings, and parking areas. Required Encouraged Encouraged Continuous areas of open ground have their long dimensions oriented parallel to the airport’s main runway. Encouraged Encouraged Encouraged Plant species are continuous from site to site. Encouraged Encouraged Encouraged Parcels are not bounded by walls or fences (exceptions: retaining walls needed for proper drainage and not exceeding one meter tall, and screening for parking and loading). Required Encouraged Encouraged Fences “fade out” when seen against landscaping or objects (use materials such as vinyl- coated chain-link). Required Encouraged Encouraged Barbed-wire and razor-wire are not used, except by administrative use permit approval, with a finding of no practical alternative for security. Applies Applies Applies Outdoor areas that must be enclosed for security will be adjacent to a building, and the method of enclosure is: extending one or more walls of the adjacent buildings; walls employing only materials an details used in the building exterior. Required Encouraged Encouraged 5-36 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Standards Goal 5.18.1: Building identity signs shall be limited to major site entries from public roadways. Corporate and business identity signs can be placed on the buildings themselves, as long as they are located near the building entrance and are for identification within the site (i.e., not from public roadways). Goal 5.18.2: Signs on poles or other raised structures are not allowed in the planning area. Goal 5.18.3: All signs shall be located on private property. Goal 5.18.4: Entry signs shall be externally illuminated. The light source shall be fully shielded from view from roadways and pedestrian walkways. Lighting levels shall be as low as possible while providing adequate illumination for signs to be seen by motorists. Lighting As noted in the Design Principles at the beginning of this element, the planning area is a transitional zone between urban and rural uses. The overall lighting concept is to maintain generally low lighting levels that will not impact adjacent rural or open space areas. It is envisioned that levels of illumination will be somewhere between those typically provided within the City and those in the rural unincorporated area. Goal 5.19: A low level of ambient lighting that protects the rural ambience, while being consistent with public safety needs. Low profile, monument-type signs preferred. COMMUNITY DESIGN | 5-37 Guidelines A. When illuminated, pedestrian pathways and plazas within development parcels should use light standards that limit the splay of light. Fixtures mounted no higher than 42 inches above the ground are preferred, but light standards up to 12 feet tall are acceptable. B. On-site lighting to complement and enhance architecture, building identity and site design should be restrained in its application. Fixtures should be concealed to avoid glare and light intrusion into adjacent properties and streets. C. Service area lighting should be contained within the service area boundaries and enclosure walls. Light “spill over” outside service areas should be minimized. Standards 5.19.1 Provide minimum levels of lighting consistent with public safety standards along public roadways. 5.19.2 At a minimum, streetlights shall be required at intersections, marked pedestrian crossings, and directional/warning signs. Where used, street lighting shall emphasize the creation of “pools” of light around areas of concern, rather than providing a constant, even lighting across the entire area. 5.19.3 Luminaire height shall not exceed 30 feet on arterials and major collectors such as Broad Street, Prado Road, and Tank Farm Road. 5.19.4 To maintain a pedestrian scale and reduce ambient light levels, streetlights shall not exceed 20 feet on all other streets. 5.19.5 Provide adequate illumination for safe use of parking lots after dark. 5.19.6 Color-balanced lights that do not cast a tinted light are preferred. 5.19.7 Light fixtures shall be cut-off type fixtures that focus light down toward the ground and shield the light source from surrounding areas not intended to be illuminated. 5.19.8 Luminaire height should be uniform over the parking lot and not exceed 20 feet. 5.19.9 Parking area lighting should be designed to minimize shadow/light interference by siting light standards between trees and below mature canopy tree height. Drainage Poor drainage has been a constraint on the development of low- lying portions of the planning area. While storm drainage improvements necessary to reduce flooding potentials to acceptable levels will be implemented as part of the Plan, additional efforts to mitigate the changes in stormwater runoff resulting from new development will still be beneficial. Due to the resulting increase in impervious surfaces such as roofs, driveways, and parking lots, new development typically increases the volume and rate of runoff and the amount of urban pollutants collected in the runoff, and reduces the groundwater recharge. Both of these result in increased costs and reduced environmental quality. The use of open drainage systems that collect, detain, and direct drainage flows in surface facilities such as grassed or vegetated swales, detention facilities and other Best Management Practices (BMP’s) can do much to reduce the rate and volume of runoff, increase groundwater recharge, and remove pollutants from urban runoff. From an aesthetic standpoint, the use of vegetated swales 5-38 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN to carry runoff is also consistent with the concept of encouraging a rural/agricultural character to the planning area. Goal 5.20: Drainage systems that employ Best Management Practices, consistent with City- wide drainage standards, and are designed to be an integral part of the natural landscape. Guidelines A. Use of surface stormwater collection systems, including swales, detention ponds, and energy dissipaters, is encouraged to slow stormwater runoff and improve stormwater quality. Features such as sediment basins, filter strips, and infiltration beds can be included to further enhance the removal of pollutants from runoff. B. Where soils and water tables permit, developers are encouraged to use techniques for increasing stormwater infiltration. Such techniques could include: infiltration basins, infiltration trenches, swales with check dams, and/or permeable pavements. C. Use of permeable pavements, such as porous asphalt, porous concrete, and open-celled pavers, is encouraged for pedestrian walkways, courtyards, parking areas and low-volume roads. D. Use of parking lot planter strips as “bioswales” or infiltration beds that capture runoff from the parking area in the planter areas is preferable to raised planter areas that drain off onto the paved areas. The City can give up to a 5% reduction in required parking in exchange for effective use of surface stormwater collection techniques that increase infiltration. E. Catchment and diversion of stormwater runoff from rooftops into surface collection/detention/infiltration facilities is encouraged. CIRCULATION & TRANSPORTATION | 6-1 6.0 CIRCULATION & TRANSPORTATION Each ‘layer’ of understanding informs the planning response. INTENT The transportation and circulation system for the Airport Area is designed to utilize the existing roadway system as much as possible, with the addition of arterials, collectors, and local streets as needed to serve individual development areas. The system also includes trails for non-vehicular circulation to connect various planning subareas to each other and the rest of San Luis Obispo. The circulation plan encourages preservation of the area’s rural character, and promotes transit use, bicycling and walking as convenient modes of transportation for commuting and recreation. The circulation plan enhances connectivity with adjacent areas, where feasible, to reduce traffic impacts on major streets. Consistent with City goals and objectives relating to community character, roadway design standards incorporate special rural features that enhance the openness of the area, take advantage of views, and provide simple, functional streets. 6-2 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN CIRCULATION BACKGROUND/SETTING The transportation system serving the Airport Area is comprised of the roadway system, transit and public transportation, and alternative modes including carpooling, bicycling, and walking. Several major transportation routes provide access to the study area: Highway 101, Prado Road, Broad Street South Higuera Street, Tank Farm Road, Buckley Road and Los Osos Valley Road. Highway 101 is the primary regional transportation route serving San Luis Obispo and surrounding communities. In the vicinity of the Airport Area, access to and from Highway 101 is provided at four interchanges, South Higuera Street, Los Osos Valley Road, Prado Road and Madonna Road. From these interchanges, a system of streets collects and distributes traffic to and from the Specific Plan area. The South Higuera Street interchange is the designated truck exit accessing the industrial areas in southern San Luis Obispo. A unique challenge in the Airport Area is the fixed layout of arterial streets and their “divergence” from the center of the City as they head towards the south county. This divergence requires longer lengths of improvements to accomplish connectivity, mobility and access improvements than on similar arterials located closer to the center of town. This results in higher costs for infrastructure development per development unit than in other areas and is further complicated by the large amount of open space located in the midst of the AASP adjacent to needed roadway improvements. The plan strives to balance this issue and pass on appropriate levels of improvements to the specific plan area without overly burdensome requirements. Public transit serving the study area is provided by SLO Transit, the City of San Luis Obispo’s transit agency, and the San Luis Obispo Regional Transit Agency (RTA), the countywide intercity transit agency. Both agencies provide fixed-route bus service within San Luis Obispo, however, SLO Transit provides most of the bus routes and stops within the Airport area. Amtrak provides regional rail service in San Luis Obispo, with a station located downtown just south of the community’s central business district and north of the Airport Area. While the City of San Luis Obispo has a relatively comprehensive bicycle system, the Specific Plan area is on the outskirts of the system and has limited access from existing bicycle lanes or paths. Bicycle lanes are located along South Higuera and Broad Streets, with minimal-width lanes provided along Tank Farm Road. 6.1 CIRCULATION AND TRANSPORTATION GOALS The transportation and circulation system for the Airport Area should provide safe and convenient mobility and access to all modes of transportation. The transportation system should be balanced with interconnected streets, transit routes, bicycle and pedestrian facilities, and open space recreational areas with limited gaps or barriers. Despite the services/manufacturing and business park orientation of the land use plan, and the large geographic area of the Airport Area, the transportation system should encourage the use of, and provide facilities for, alternatives to the single-occupant vehicle. At the same time, the Specific Plan must recognize the need to serve regional and citywide traffic and freight on its street system. Goal 6.1.A: Safely Accommodate Increased Traffic Develop a circulation system for the Airport Area that safely accommodates increased traffic associated with the Specific Plan, cumulative development at the south end of town, and southern San Luis Obispo County, while preserving views and the area’s rural agricultural character. CIRCULATION & TRANSPORTATION | 6-3 Table 6.1 San Luis Airport Area Specific Plan PRIMARY CIRCULATION SYSTEM & FUNCTIONAL CLASSIFICATIONS Street Extent Functional Classification Tank Farm Rd. Broad St. South Higuera St. Parkway Arterial Santa Fe Rd. North of Tank Farm Road Realigned and extended to Prado Rd. extension Commercial Collector Santa Fe Rd. South of Tank Farm Road - Realigned and extended from Buckley Rd. to Tank Farm Road Local Commercial Sueldo North of Tank Farm Rd. to Sueldo Local Commercial Sueldo South of Tank Farm Rd. Suburban Road Local Commercial Buckley Rd. Broad St. Vachell Lane with extension to South Higuera St. Arterial South Higuera St. Prado Rd. to Buckley Rd. extension Arterial Broad St. Prado Rd. extension to Buckley Rd. Highway/Regional Route Prado Rd. Broad St. to US 101 Highway/Regional Route Prado Rd. Madonna Rd. to US 101 Parkway Arterial Goal 6.1.B: Connectivity Create a circulation system that maintains and improves access and connectivity between the Airport Area and adjacent areas such as the Margarita Area, the Edna-Islay Area, the Los Osos Valley Road area and the South Higuera area. Design Specific Plan roadways to provide adequate connection for all modes of traffic, including freight to US 101. Goals 6.1.C: Transit Provide convenient and effective transit service to planned residential, industrial and commercial areas along with an interconnected bicycle transportation system fully connected to the rest of the City and region. The transit system should support the Airport Area’s employer’s efforts to meet the City’s Average Vehicle Ridership (AVR) goals. Goal 6.1.D: Comprehensive Bikeway and Pedestrian System Complete a series of Class I trails throughout the area as soon as possible to encourage commuter use and an alternative to driving. Develop a comprehensive and connected bikeway and pedestrian system that connects the area’s employment centers to the broader community, promotes alternatives to the single occupant automobile, and enhances the public’s enjoyment of the community’s open space resources. Goal 6.1.E: Truck Routes Establish designated truck routes within the Airport Area that augment and connect with the regional routes established in the General Plan and are designed such that unnecessary truck intrusion into adjacent neighborhoods or arterial streets are minimized. 6.2 CIRCULATION AND TRANSPORTATION PLAN 6.2.1 CIRCULATION SYSTEM CLASSIFICATIONS The primary circulation system within the Airport Area consists of major streets and Class I trails that pass through and connect the Airport Area to the surrounding city and county. The primary circulation system is interconnected with a system of secondary access streets and a network of bicycle and pedestrian paths. The primary vehicular circulation system in the Airport Area consists of highways, parkway arterials, arterials and collector streets as shown in Figure 6-1 and in Table 6.1. While serving the Specific Plan land uses, some of these streets also have a regionally significant role functioning as throughways serving citywide and countywide travel demand. As shown in Figure 6-1, not all of these streets are located within or adjacent to 6-4 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN the planning area’s boundaries. Streets outside of the Airport Area, while not subject to the Specific Plan design standards, are also a critical element of the primary circulation system since they provide access to the area and the regional street infrastructure. For example, the circulation system in the Margarita Area to the north of the Airport Area includes proposed street improvements, such as the Prado Road extension between Broad Street and US 101 and beyond, which will serve as important component of the Airport Area’s circulation system to and from the freeway. A unique challenge is to design the AASP arterial and collector street system to meet the access, mobility, safety and vehicle classification needs of the area without over-designing the facilities. Cross sections and traffic control techniques proposed in this document have been designed to minimize street impacts yet also provide safe and efficient space within the right of way to develop complete streets for all users. Access management along the arterials plays a vital role in keeping street widths narrow and not requiring extra traffic control locations within the planning area. 6.2.2 LOCAL STREETS AND ACCESS One major objective of the Airport Area’s primary circulation system is to provide general mobility to, and through, the area with limited, but direct, access to development areas. A secondary circulation system of local streets and a system of off-street trails is intended to provide internal circulation and access to individual properties. In order to provide flexibility for private development design, the secondary circulation system is not fully established in the Specific Plan. In order to be responsive to ownership and market conditions, the secondary system will be planned and implemented as development projects occur in accordance with the Specific Plan design standards. Therefore, as individual projects are proposed within the Specific Plan area, additional dedications for roadways and trails may be necessary to provide adequate connectivity to adjacent parcels and activity centers, or to otherwise meet the goals and standards provided in the Specific Plan. 6.2.3 PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS The Circulation Element of the San Luis Obispo General Plan defines the City’s vision for a transportation infrastructure that will meet the projected growth within the southern portion of the city, including the Airport Area. When the General Plan was updated in 1994 to include annexation of the Airport Area, a number of transportation improvements were identified in the Circulation Element that will be necessary to support the City’s growth, as well as the overall increase in local and regional traffic throughout the Airport Area. These improvements address facility needs both inside and outside the planning area in response to demand created by growth in the entire south end of the City and unincorporated areas of San Luis Obispo County. As an implementing mechanism of the City’s General Plan, the Airport Area Specific Plan identifies a primary circulation system and functional roadway classifications that are consistent with the San Luis Obispo General Plan Circulation Element (November 1994). . Planning area development also requires a number of additional, more detailed, improvements (e.g., street extensions and widenings, roundabouts, signalization, etc.) in order to accommodate projected development. In addition to improvements required within the Airport Area, there are a number of other General Plan-specified circulation improvements outside the planning area that will be needed to accommodate projected growth. Table 6.2 summarizes these necessary improvements. The Chevron EIR identifies many of these improvements as cumulative citywide transportation mitigations. CIRCULATION & TRANSPORTATION | 6-5 6-6 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN 6.2.4 PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE CIRCULATION Consistent with the City’s emphasis on accommodating alternative modes of travel, the Airport Area includes a pedestrian and bicycle circulation system that complements and augments the planning area’s vehicular road system. The concept is to create a system of pedestrian and bicycle facilities that not only connect the planning area internally, but also contributes to the creation of an integrated regional multi-use trails system. This system will link the planning area to the major destination points in the unincorporated areas as well as other origin and destination points within the City. The emphasis in the design of the system is to enhance its use by minimizing conflicts with vehicular circulation as much as possible. The proposed pedestrian and bicycle circulation plan provides an extensive and continuous system that allows for the safe and efficient movement of pedestrians and bicyclists for both commute and recreational purposes consistent with the policies of the General Plan. The circulation system incorporates two levels of pedestrian and bicycle facilities: street-related and non-street- related. Pedestrian circulation will be accommodated by: Street design standards that include sidewalks on both sides of the street for most classifications of streets within developed areas, and off-street, multi-use paths along streets adjacent to open space areas, and; A network of multi-use, Class I facilities that will connect to the street system within the planning area as well as existing and proposed facilities outside of the Airport Area. The Bicycle Transportation Plan proposes a comprehensive system of on-street and off-street bicycle facilities. This Plan is supplementary to the adopted citywide Bicycle Transportation Plan, providing connections to existing and planned bicycle facilities outside of the Airport Area. Through a combination of east-west on-street bicycle lanes and north-south on- and off- street facilities, bicyclists will be able to access any part of the Airport Area, enjoy the area’s open space and natural resources, and access facilities in the surrounding areas. The ultimate alignment of some of the Class I bike paths south of Tank Farm Road will need to be determined a part of the plans to develop the Chevron property. However, the AASP (Figure 6-2) illustrates conceptual alignment. The Bicycle Transportation Plan, illustrated in Figure 6-2, is comprised of three types of bicycle facilities: Off-street Class I multi-use paths that parallel creeks and riparian corridors, On-street Class II bicycle lanes on arterial and collector streets, and; A combination of off-street paths adjacent to streets and on-street bicycle lanes. Table 6.2 San Luis Obispo Airport Area Specific Plan CIRCULATION SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS Intersections Location Improvements Prado Road/ South Higuera intersection Add lanes per EIR, to the approval of the Public Works Director Tank Farm/ South Higuera intersection Add lanes per EIR, to the approval of the Public Works Director Tank Farm Road/ Broad Street intersection Add lanes per EIR, to the approval of the Public Works Director Los Osos Valley Road/ US 101 SB & NB Ramp Widen LOVR bridge and improve ramps Aero Drive/ Broad Street intersection Signalize, if necessary, to the approval of the Public Works Director Tank Farm/ Santa Fe Road intersection Install roundabout and add lanes to the approval of the Public Works Director Tank Farm/ Sueldo intersection (Chevron Collector) Signalize, if necessary and add lanes as shown in EIR to the approval of the Public Works Director Prado Road/ Broad Street intersection Signalize, add lanes as shown in MASP and NB dual left turn lane Prado Road/ Santa Fe Road intersection Install roundabout and add lanes as shown in MASP Buckley Road/ South Higuera Street intersection Add lanes per EIR, to the approval of the Public Works Director CIRCULATION & TRANSPORTATION | 6-7 Table 6.2 (cont’d) San Luis Obispo Airport Area Specific Plan CIRCULATION SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS Roadways Location Improvements Prado Road between existing terminus and Broad St. Extend new roadway to Regional Highway standards, including medians and landscaped parkways (Refer to Margarita Specific Plan for typical cross section) Prado Road between existing terminus and So. Higuera St. Modify street as much as possible within existing right-of-way to Regional Highway standards (Refer to Margarita Specific Plan for typical cross section) Santa Fe Road from south of Tank Farm to Prado Rd. Extend new roadway to Commercial Collector standards (see Figure 6-10) Santa Fe Road from Hoover Avenue to Tank Farm. Realign new roadway to Commercial Collector standards (see Figure 6-11) Sueldo (Western Chevron property) between Tank Farm and Hind Extend new roadway to Commercial Collector standards (see Figure 6-10) Hind Road between existing terminus and Prado Road Extend new roadway to local standards (see Figure 6-11) Prado Rd. from So. Higuera to US 101 interchange Widen to Regional Highway standards – 4 lanes – with medians and sufficient right- of-way reserved for 6 lanes (Refer to Margarita Specific Plan for typical cross section) Broad Street from Buckley Rd. to Tank Farm Rd. Widen to Arterial standards with medians (see Figure 6-5) Tank Farm from So. Higuera to Unocal Collector, and from Santa Fe to Broad St. Widen to Arterial standards – 4 lanes minimum (see Figure 6-6) Tank Farm from Santa Fe to Unocal Collector Widen to Arterial standards 2 lanes minimum, preserve for 4 (see Figure 6-7) Buckley Rd. from Vachell Lane to So. Higuera St. Extend new roadway to Arterial standards for undeveloped areas (see Figure 6-9) Note: Reference Figure 6-2 for the type of bikeways that must be included in the street’s design Example of a Buffered Class 2 bike path 6-8 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN CIRCULATION & TRANSPORTATION | 6-9 Class I Paths The City updated its Bicycle Plan in November 2013. As such, the Bicycle Plan should be used as the guiding document for bicycle and pedestrian facilities in the AASP area. Two of the primary north-south bicycle facilities are Class I paths that link Damon Garcia Sportsfields with Tank Farm Road and Prado Road with Tank Farm Road and points southward. The Acacia/East Branch of SLO Creek path begins on Broad Street at Rockview Place. The citywide Bicycle Transportation Plan identifies this location for a future undercrossing of Broad Street. Until the undercrossing is implemented, the bike path will connect to the east side of Broad Street via an at-grade crossing at the Rockview Place/Broad Street intersection. The Acacia Creek path extends south (west of the riparian corridor) and crosses the Prado Road extension via an undercrossing. The property south of Prado Road is the City’s Damon-Garcia Sports Fields Complex. The sports field provides apath through this area. South of the sports fields, the path parallels the west side of the riparian corridor or an alternative alignment could include linking to Santa Fe Road through the Chevron property. At Tank Farm Road, the path will connect to the Class I trail along Tank Farm Road and will allow access to a path that will ultimately connect to the Avila Ranch property at the south end of the Chevron property. The Acacia/ East Branch of SLO Creek path will cross Tank Farm Road at the relocated intersection with Santa Fe Road. South of Tank Farm Road, the path will parallel Santa Fe Road and then continue south along the east side of the creek across the county- owned airport clear zone property to a point that is near the south edge of the Unocal Property. The path will then extend south along the east side of the creek to Buckley Road. An alternative route for this Class I path extends from the realigned section of Santa Fe Road south of Tank Farm Road extending through the open space in the Chevron property and linking through the Avila Ranch property to Buckley Road. From the southern boundary of the Specific Plan area the path allows bicycles to travel east to Broad Street or West along Buckley Road to reach the Bob Jones Trail head near the Octagon Barn. Other Class I Paths - Tank Farm Road, within the open space area between the Sueldo and Santa Fe Road, has a parallel Class I path on the north side of the road (see Figure 6-8). The 2013 City Bicycle Plan calls for the addition of a Class I facility also on the south side of Tank Farm Road. Buckley Road, between Broad Street and Vachell Lane has a Class I path along its north side (see Figures 6-8, 6-9 and 6-10). Class II Bicycle Lanes Bicycle lanes are required on arterial and collector streets within the Airport Area. As shown in Figure 6-2, Class II bicycle lanes are located on all of the major streets within and connecting to the Airport Area including Tank Farm Road, Buckley Road, Santa Fe Road, Prado Road, Unocal Local, Vachell Lane, Broad Street, and South Higuera Street. Buckley Road, between Broad Street and Vachell Lane, will have a Class II bicycle lane in the eastbound direction, complementing the Class I path proposed on the north side of Buckley Road (see Figures 6-2, 6-7 and 6-8). 6.2.5 Truck Transportation With the services/manufacturing and business park orientation of the Airport Area’s land use plan, truck transportation is essential to the area’s economic viability. For traffic safety, noise and capacity considerations, trucks must be routed on roads that are designed for larger vehicles using the City’s established truck routes. The Circulation Element of the General Plan establishes truck routes on South Higuera Street, Tank Farm Road, Broad Street and Prado Road and its extensions between Broad Street and Madonna Road. 6-10 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Trucks along Los Osos Valley Road between Highway 101 and South Higuera are discouraged due to the potential conflict with the single driveway locations for the Los Verdes Townhomes project. Presently, Prado Road and Tank Farm Road are proposed designated truck roads serving the Specific Plan Area. The proposed truck transportation routes for the Airport Area adds Buckley Road (arterial) from South Higuera Street to Broad Street and Santa Fe Road (commercial collector) from Buckley Road to Prado Road as designated truck routes. Buckley Road, with its extension to South Higuera Street and street design standards, is a logical augmentation of the General Plan truck route map as it will serve primarily industrial/business park land uses, and reduce truck traffic on other more heavily used streets. Santa Fe Road connects the three east-west truck routes within the Airport Area and serves industrial/business park land uses. 6.2.6 Scenic Roadways The General Plan Circulation Element establishes policies related to scenic roadways and identifies those existing roadways that are considered important scenic resources. The policies are intended to ensure that development along these roadways does not detract from their scenic value, and that view corridors should be enhanced. Within, and in the vicinity of, the Airport Area the General Plan identifies South Higuera Street, Tank Farm Road, Broad Street, Buckley Road, and Vachell Road as having high to moderate scenic value. The Community Design chapter presents goals, guidelines and standards to preserve significant views and view corridors through sensitive planning of the location and form of development. These overall goals and policies are relevant to the transportation system. A significant utility undergrounding project for Broad Street (from Orcutt Road south to the Airport) was identified and a joint effort by the County and City has been substantially completed. 6.2.7 Transit Plan Transit service to the Airport Area is a critical element of the transportation and circulation plan. The policies of the General Plan circulation element support the need to develop and expand CIRCULATION & TRANSPORTATION | 6-11 transit to, and establish transit service standards for, new development areas. With the employment-intensive land uses proposed for the Airport Area, there is potential for increased levels of transit ridership. With a capacity for over 10,000 employees in business park and services/manufacturing land uses, the Airport Area has the potential for substantial transit ridership. About 95% of the non- residential land use in the Airport Area is within a 1/4-mile walk of an arterial or collector street, the maximum walking distance for the average transit rider. More than half of the developable land use in the Airport Area could be within 1/4-mile of a transit stop (when optimally sited), corresponding to about 1,000 to 2,500 riders per day. 6.2.8 Proposed Transit routes The City last updated its Short Range Transit Plan in 2009. The 2009 SRTP proposed modification in the southern area of the city based upon assumed growth that was projected prior to the recession after 2008. As such, the possible transit route modifications discussed in that document will likely not occur in the fashion anticipated. The City is working with RTA to develop a joint SRTP for the central county area (2014-15) that will help determine the best routings and agency to provide services in the area. The following briefly discusses the 2009 SRTP within the area. It is important to note that the SRTP is only a 5 year planning document and may not show all routes that may be necessary upon buildout. Service to and from SLO Airport may be more efficiently and economically served by RTA. Actual route implementation and location will be determined by the City of San Luis Obispo in consultation with SLOCOG, RTA and the county as the Airport and Margarita areas develop. 6-12 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN The 2009 SRTP recommended the following route modifications to the Airport Area in the near-term time frame (dependent on development occurring): Modification of Route 1 to create a loop that runs from the Downtown to Broad Street then Orcutt to Laurel Lane then return along the same route to Downtown. Extend to Foothill area to reduce transfers. Modify Route 2 for better access along Higuera and extend to Cal Poly to reduce transfers in Downtown Modification of Route 3 to create a loop that runs from the Downtown to Johnson Avenue, Orcutt Road, Tank Farm Road and Broad Street to access SLO Airport and then return along the same route to Downtown. Create a new cross town route (along Tank Farm Road, Broad Street Orcutt and Johnson to reduce transfers in Downtown and reestablish service along Broad Street resulting from Route 3 realignment. Routing in the MASP would be determined when Prado Road Extension is completed and when/if Santa Fe Road has been extended to Prado. Amendments to the routes Figure 6-3 illustrates the shows protential routes as they are depicted in the 2009 SRTP. RTA currently serves the area by local access (Route 10) along lower Higuera Street (hourly) and US 101. This route is not anticipated to change much in the near-term however, RTA has identified the need to reduce stops along this route to address delays. Coordination between RTA and SLO Transit routes and service to the area will be reviewed as part of the joint SRTP effort. Service and Capital Requirements Servicing these routes will require four buses (two for each route) assuming twenty-minute headways and a forty-minute cycle time. Bus stops should be located approximately every quarter mile or as determined by the City. Bus stop installation of pullouts, shelter and other appurtenances will be the requirement of adjacent development and should be installed on both side s of arterial and collector streets in the AASP. 6.3 CIRCULATION PLAN IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAMS Program 6.3.A: Truck Routes Amend the Circulation Element to expand the City’s truck route network to include Sante Fe Road from Buckley Road to Prado Road (extended) and Buckley Road between South Higuera and Broad Streets. Program 6.3.B: Transit Plan As part of the next SRTP update, revised the Airport Area transit plan based upon anticipated development in the Airport and Margarita areas in a manner and level that can support transit service. Transit service will be incrementally implemented (in terms of hours of operation and frequency) consistent with development, roadway extensions without endangering state transit funding and farebox recovery requirements. The City shall anticipate development and, subject to available transit funding, extend service into the growth areas prior to demand developing. . Program 6.3.C: Transit Capital Improvement Funding Capital costs associated with providing new buses to serve the Airport Area will be partially funded by citywide TIF contributions for planning area development. In addition to State and Federal grants, on-site transit improvements such as transit stop facilities will be the responsibility of adjacent landowners when they develop their properties. Program 6.3.E: Joint Services Work with RTA to establish joint bus service in the AASP that promotes transit use. CIRCULATION & TRANSPORTATION | 6-13 Program 6.3.F: Bicycle Transportation Plan Amend the City’s Bicycle Transportation Plan (and vice versa) to include the proposed Airport Area facilities. Program 6.3.G: Development Review Requirements In order to mitigate air, noise and traffic impacts associated with development of the Airport Area Specific Plan, ensure private development participation in the implementation of the plan by requiring the construction of on-street bicycle lanes as part of development street frontage improvements, and require development to dedicate and construct off-street paths where their alignments are within private property. Require development adjacent to bus stops to construct turnouts and bus stops (including shelters) conforming to the bus stop standards in SLO Transit’s Short Range Transit Plan. Project may be required to construct intersection and other street improvements in proportion to their development size and location. Program 6.3.H: Creek Setbacks Class I bicycle paths adjacent to riparian corridors should be located outside of setbacks required to protect creekbanks and riparian vegetation. A vegetative buffer shall be provided on the creek side of paths and berms to ensure visual access to riparian corridors while controlling pedestrian and bicycle access. Program 6.3.I: Class I and Class II Bicycle Lanes Class I bicycle paths and Class II bicycle lanes shall be constructed, signed and marked to meet or exceed the minimum standards established by the California Department of Transportation Highway Design Manual and the City of San Luis Obispo design standards. Class 1 Paths should be a minimum of 12 feet in width with 2’ shoulders, except in hillside areas where grading would cause visual impacts or along creeks where space is limited. The Director of Public Works can approve narrower paths where topographical features or other limiting features do not allow standard width installations. In these areas, paths may be 10 feet wide or narrower, but may require additional design features for safety reasons. Class II bicycle lanes shall be designed in accordance with the City Bicycle Plan and should be 6 to 7 feet in width as shown in roadway cross sections, with appropriate pavement markings, buffer areas and signs. Program 6.3.J: Intersection Crossings Where Class I paths cross the major streets, i.e. Tank Farm Road, Santa Fe Road, and Buckley Road, the path should be aligned to intersections (as shown in Figure 6-2) so that pedestrians and bicyclists use intersection crossings. These points provide connections between Class I paths and Class II on-street bicycle lanes. Program 6.3.K: Public Bikeway Construction The City or County will implement Class I and II bikeways that are not adjacent to development or are in the unincorporated area outside of the Specific Plan area (e.g., along Buckley and Santa Fe Roads, and along the East Branch of San Luis Obispo Creek south of Buckley Road) as part of their Capital Improvement Program. This provision does not reduce the possibility that development may need to complete these segments as part of their individual environmental review assessment. Program 6.3.L: Transit Facility Requirements As part of the development review process, the City will require new development to provide for transit facilities along or adjacent to the project frontage. Such facilities include but are not limited to transit stops, shelters, pads, pull-outs and informational kiosks, as determined to be necessary by the Public Works Director. 6-14 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Figure 6- XX Potential Transit Routes as shown in the 2009 Short Range Transit Plan CIRCULATION & TRANSPORTATION | 6-15 Figure 6-4 Key to Roadway Cross-Sections 6-16 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN 6.4 DESIGN GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS The guidelines and standards that follow are more specific interpretations of how the circulation plans discussed above are to be applied to roadway design as development occurs in the Airport Area. The format in this chapter uses goals, guidelines and standards to provide design direction. Goals are statements of a desired end state, and are intended to provide a general overall direction to landowners, developers, city staff, and decision-makers. Guidelines refer to methods or approaches that may be considered towards achieving goals. Typically, guidelines are general, and often qualitative in nature. They are open to interpretation depending on specific conditions and results of technical analysis, and are intended to leave significant discretion as to how they are satisfied. Guidelines should be followed unless an alternative design would better implement the goals and policies of the plan. Standards, on the other hand, set forth finite actions or requirements that must be fulfilled when designing and constructing transportation facilities. The standards established in this Specific Plan are intended to augment San Luis Obispo’s engineering design standards. 6.4.1 REGIONAL HIGHWAY Regional highways are intended to carry higher volumes of traffic, interconnect the specific plan area to adjacent communities and serve as primary freight routes. Regional highways are significant in that they connect different parts of the region and accommodate through traffic. Goal: 6.4.1 Improve Broad Street as an urban arterial Guidelines A. Regional highways have landscaped medians and parkways. B. Regional highways have bicycle lanes as part of the local and regional bicycle transportation system. C. Intersections on regional highways have turn pockets within the median. D. Regional highways have sidewalks on both sides of the street separated from travel lanes with tree-lined parkways. E. Access in controlled through access management programs, intersection locations are minimized and managed for safety and efficiency. Standards Figure 6-4 illustrates the section of Broad Street to which the following standards apply. 6.4.1.1 Broad Street shall be widened to four lanes from Buckley Road to the current four lane segment. Broad Street, from Buckley Road to Orcutt Road, shall have a minimum right-of-way as shown in Figure 6-5. Additional right of way may be necessary at intersections that need additional turn lanes. The length of Broad Street from Buckley Road to Orcutt Road shall have a landscaped median, and class II bike lanes. 6.4.1.2 Right of way on Broad Street shall be preserved to accommodate future widening to six lanes from Prado Road to Tank Farm Road along with appropriate transitions north of Prado Increasing lanes along Broad Street to six lanes should only be implemented when level of service thresholds are exceeded as established in the City Circulation Element. When changes are made to Broad Street or any other arterial, the City should give equal consideration in project design to bicycle and pedestrian travel along the corridor. CIRCULATION & TRANSPORTATION | 6-17 Figure 6-5 Regional Highway-Typical Broad Street Cross Section 6.4.1.3 Access along Broad Street should be controlled where possible with the number of driveways limited or shared with adjacent properties. Turn locations should be strategically located to promote street efficiency, traffic safety and also accessibility to adjacent properties. At street intersections and key driveway intersections, turning pocket shall be installed in the median. A “median nose”, a minimum of 4 feet wide, shall be retained adjacent to turning pockets. 6.4.1.4 On-street parking is not permitted on Broad Street south of Orcutt Road. 6.4.2 PARKWAY ARTERIALS Parkway arterials are high-capacity facilities intended for mobility for all modes of travel. Typically, these streets link different areas of the City, and can be regionally significant corridors carrying through traffic due to their connectivity. The main intent of the Parkway Arterial design is to promote mobility as well as have more planting both in the median and on each side of the road. Goal 6.4.2: Install landscaped medians (concrete perimeter curbs, irrigation systems and tie-ins to the water distribution system) and parkways either by landowners at the time they develop their properties or improve streets, or, if a fee is paid by the developer, by the City as part of a coordinated capital improvements program. Guidelines A. Parkway arterials have landscaped medians and parkways buffering pedestrian facilities from traffic. B. Parkway arterials provide bicycle lanes, and are an important part of the City’s bicycle transportation system. C. The number of intersections is limited to maintain capacity, and direct property access from parkway arterials is discouraged. D. When analysis determines that a roundabout is a feasible alternative, they are considered the preferred form of intersection traffic control due to the proven safety and operational benefits over all-way stop and signalized control. E. In order to maintain the open, rural character of the two- lane section of Tank Farm Road, the landscaping should be more informal and natural in character. Plantings should generally maintain a low profile that preserves views of adjacent open space. Informal clustering of native tree species should be provided, consistent with maintaining key views. Low maintenance vegetation should be used. 6-18 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Figure 6-6 Parkway Arterial – Conceptual Typical Urban Tank Farm Road Cross-Section (4 lanes) Standards 6.4.2.1 Tank Farm Road is designated a parkway arterial and will have a continuous, four-lane, urban cross- section. 6.4.2.2 Tank Farm Road shall have a minimum right-of - way as depicted in Figure 6-6. Right-of-way at intersections will vary depending on additional turn lane requirements, transitions and bicycle and pedestrian facilities. 6.4.2.3 On-street parking is not permitted on Tank Farm Road. 6.4.3 ARTERIALS Arterials are intended for mobility for all modes of travel. These streets interconnect major activity centers and residential areas of the city. Arterials maintain limited access, but allow more intersections and direct land access than parkway arterials. Buckley Road is the only arterial in the planning area vicinity. As shown on Figure 6-7, the south side of Buckley Road will continue to be located in the unincorporated area. Thus, the County will continue to have some responsibility for maintenance and improvements to Buckley Road, unless both sides of the street are annexed. The Specific Plan provides design standards for enhancing Buckley Road because it will play a significant role in establishing the character of the area as it builds out. The City should work with the County to establish consistent design roadway standards for Buckley Road to design a compatible and seamless roadway appearance between the two jurisdictions. The proposed improvements are proposed to accommodate projected traffic, but are also recommended to provide continuous pedestrian and bicycle facilities south of the planning area, and to enhance the visual character of the roadway. Turn lanes will be necessary at intersections and driveways to maintain safety along the corridor. The County is encouraged to implement these design standards when overseeing road improvements and other development outside the City limits but adjacent to the planning area and Buckley Road. Improvements to Buckley Road adjacent to the Avila Ranch as well as the extension of Buckley Road will be the responsibility of Avila Ranch when it develops. Goal 6.4.3: Improve Buckley Road to arterial standards while maintaining a street character consistent with the area’s rural setting. Guidelines A. In developed areas, Buckley Road shall have parkways buffering pedestrian facilities from traffic. B. Arterials provide bicycle lanes and are an important part of the City’s bicycle transportation system. C. The number of intersections is limited to maintain capacity, and direct property access from arterials is discouraged but may allowed subject to approval of the Director of Public Works. CIRCULATION & TRANSPORTATION | 6-19 Figure 6-7 Arterial – Ultimate Buckley Road Cross-section in Developed Areas D. When analysis determines that a roundabout is a feasible alternative, they are considered the preferred form of intersection traffic control due to the proven safety and operational benefits over all-way stop and signalized control. E. Low maintenance native vegetation permitted and encouraged. Standards 6.4.3.1 Buckley Road shall be extended as a two-lane rural arterial from its current western terminus at Vachell Lane to South Higuera Street consistent with Figure 6-7. A continuous two way left turn lane may not be required for the entire reach of this extension but Figure 6-8 Arterial – Typical Buckley Road Cross-Section in Undeveloped Areas. turn lanes shall be provided for driveways and intersections as required by the Director of Public Works. Timing of extension will be based on achieving traffic volumes and conditions that justify the improvements or when the intervening properties between Vachell Lane and South Higuera Street are redeveloped. Setbacks shall be provided on both sides of the road to allow for expansion to a four-lane roadway if future traffic volumes and conditions justify additional lanes. 6.4.3.2 Adjacent to development, Buckley Road shall be consistent with Figure 6-7. The roadway shall be design to minimize impact to adjacent creeks and open space where possible. Setbacks shall be provided on both sides of the road to allow for expansion to a four-lane roadway if future traffic volumes and conditions justify additional lanes. 6.4.3.3 On road segments adjacent to undeveloped areas, Buckley Road shall have a two-lane cross-section consistent with Figure 6-8. On the north side of Buckley Road in undeveloped areas, outside of the 20 foot graded shoulder, there shall be a 12-foot wide multi-use path. Setbacks shall be provided on 6-20 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN A both sides of the road to allow for expansion to a four-lane roadway if future traffic volumes and conditions justify additional lanes. 6.4.3.4 On-street parking is not permitted along Buckley Road. 6.4.4 COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL COLLECTORS Collector streets function to collect traffic from local streets and fronting property and channel the traffic to arterial streets. Collector streets have lower design speeds than arterial streets, and require less right-of-way. Collector streets have fewer limitations on intersections and driveways than higher order streets. The number and length of collector streets should be minimized to retain the rural character of the Airport Area. Goal 6.4.4: Establish a system of collector streets that connect arterials and local streets. As part of that system, extend Santa Fe Road north to the Prado Road extension and introduce a new collector through the property west of the Chevron property from Tank Farm Road linking with Sueldo Street. Figure 6-9 Ultimate Design- Santa Fe Hoover to Buckley CIRCULATION & TRANSPORTATION | 6-21 Guidelines A. Design commercial and industrial collector streets to accommodate larger freight transportation vehicles and buses. B. Minimize the number and length of collector streets by providing the most direct connection possible between local and arterial streets. C. When analysis determines that a roundabout is a feasible alternative, they are considered the preferred form of intersection traffic control due to the proven safety and operational benefits over all-way stop and signalized control. D. Collector streets should include a center left turn lane. E. Specific guidelines for commercial and industrial collectors with center turn lanes include: 1. The City should restrict direct access to collector streets to adjacent streets and major driveways in order to minimize traffic conflict and promote capacity of the collector facility; and 2. Landscaping and roadway design shall be install so as not to reduce visibility at driveways and intersections below safe design standards. 3. Collector streets should have landscaped parkways and pedestrian facilities on both sides of the street. 4. Residential collectors should incorporate traffic calming features designed to maintain residential speeds and volumes within City Circulation Element thresholds. Standards 6.4.4.1 Commercial and industrial collectors (not shown as a diagram in this plan) without center turn lanes shall have a minimum of two 13 foot travel lanes and two 6-foot bike lanes. Each side of the road will have 7-foot tree-lined parkways between the curb and a 5-foot wide sidewalk unless an alternative cross section is approved by the Director of public Works. 6.4.4.2 Commercial and industrial collectors with turn lanes/median (except Santa Fe north of Tank Farm Road) shall be consistent with Figure 6-11. This cross-section shall be used on the Unocal Collector (Sueldo collector) and on Santa Fe Road. Figure 6-10 shows interim improvements that are acceptable until the ultimate design shown in Figure 6-11 is warranted. 6.4.4.3 On-street parking is not permitted on Santa Fe and the Sueldo collector road. other commercial and industrial collectors may include parking if additional right of way (and appropriate transition) Figure 6-11-b Ultimate Design- Santa Fe North of Tank Farm 6-22 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN is provided by adjacent development subject to approval of the Director of Public Works. 6.4.5 LOCAL STREETS Local streets provide direct access to fronting property and channel the traffic to higher order streets. Local streets have the lowest design speeds and are intended for low traffic volumes. Local streets serving industrial areas that anticipate truck traffic should have wider travel lanes (minimum 13-feet) and only traffic calming features that are consistent with appropriate truck and emergency vehicle design. Goal 6.4.5: Develop a system of interconnecting local streets to provide local property access, accommodate trucks, and encourage walking and bicycling in an attractive environment. Guidelines A. Local property access should be provided from local streets, rather than higher order streets. B. Encourage walking and bicycling along local streets by providing a safe and attractive pedestrian environment, and by minimizing traffic volumes and speeds. C. Local streets do not require bike lanes, but could be established as Class III bicycle routes. D. On-street parking is encouraged on local streets but is not required. . E. When analysis determines that a roundabout is a feasible alternative, they are considered the preferred form of intersection traffic control due to the proven safety and operational benefits over all-way stop and signalized control. F. Residential local streets should incorporate traffic calming features to designed maintain residential speeds and volumes within City Circulation Element thresholds. Standard 6.4.5.1 Local streets shall be consistent with Figure 6-12. 6.4.6 LANDSCAPED MEDIANS Landscaped medians are included in the standards for Regional Highways, Parkway Arterials, and Arterials. Medians serve many safety and capacity functions, and may provide space for utilities such as street lighting. Landscaping within medians increases the buffer between opposing travel directions, reduces glare from oncoming headlights, and provides an attractive corridor for driving, bicycling and walking. Landscaped medians meet the scenic roadway policy to enhance the scenic value of such corridors. The type of plantings in medians, as well as the care and maintenance of plantings, is important for the long-term viability of landscaped medians. Figure 6-12 Typical Local Commercial/Industrial Cross-Section CIRCULATION & TRANSPORTATION | 6-23 Goal 6.4.6: Create properly designed medians and parkways with long-term maintenance responsibility established at the time roadway is developed. Guidelines A. As part of immediate or near-term activities and with input from the ARC and the Tree Committee, the City should prepare a detailed landscape plan for all medians and parkways within designated corridors. B. Property owners are required to install permanent landscaped medians (concrete perimeter curbs, irrigation systems and tie-ins to the water distribution system) at the time of development and road construction. C. D. The City will perform on-going maintenance of median landscaping and irrigation systems. Reclaimed water should be used for irrigation purposes where available. E. Existing development projects that do not meet the proposed parkway standards because development originally occurred in the County, or was developed under an interim annexation agreement, will not be required to redevelop their property frontages unless additional right- of-way needs to be dedicated and improved in conjunction with future development, the property substantially redevelops and a new landscape plan is required for the property or a public improvement project is undertaken to retrofit the existing street. In order to provide a consistently designed frontage in such areas, the City may consider parkway improvements as a future capital improvement program. 6.4.7 INTERSECTIONS AND DRIVEWAYS Goal 6.4.7: Provide an access management program for intersection spacing, roundabout locations, intersection modifications and driveway design that will contribute to an efficient, safe and multi-modal transportation system. Driveway Design The design of driveways, including turning radii, width, number of driveways per property, percentage of frontage utilized by driveways, thickness, and materials shall at a minimum conform to the City’s engineering standards, zoning code, and other standards in this Specific Plan. Access control is necessary in the AASP area to promote circulation and reduce roadway widths. Driveway Design Guidelines A. In commercial and industrial areas, driveway designs should accommodate all types of vehicles that may access a site. B. Alternative or decorative paving material is encouraged in the construction of driveways, as approved by the City. C. Driveways should be consolidated wherever feasible. D. Reciprocal access and shared driveways should be encouraged where feasible to maintain carrying capacity of adjacent streets and reduce traffic conflicts. E. Driveway throat depths on adjacent development should be kept clear from conflicts (such as cars backing up from adjacent parking spaces or drive aisles) for a minimum of 20 feet. On major project driveways this throat depth should be increased accordingly to reduce the likelihood of queuing on the adjacent street system. F. Driveway placement and access allowances/restrictions shall follow guidelines and best practices identified the most current version of the Transportation Research Board’s “Access Management Manual” 6-24 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Intersection Modifications As development occurs within the Airport and Margarita Areas and throughout the City, traffic levels at existing street intersections will increase and along with it congestion, traffic conflicts and delay. To maintain acceptable traffic flow, intersection modifications will be needed. Intersection Modification Guidelines A. The intersection lane configurations developed for the Specific Plan should be used as a minimum to guide the requirement for additional right-of-way and roadway reconstruction needed to make future intersection modifications that meet required LOS standards of the Circulation Element. B. An intersection will warrant consistent with the City’s traffic Impact Study guidelines, as required by the Circulation Element of the City or as part of adjacent property development. Roundabouts Roundabouts are a desirable form of intersection control in the Specific Plan area, and their use is strongly encouraged at select locations along arterial,collector, and local streets. Roundabouts are designed on a case-by-case basis reflecting the unique characteristics of the intersection, design vehicles, traffic volumes, and capacity needs, thus, there is no single prototypical roundabout. It is intended that the strategic use of roundabouts in the Specific Plan area will defer the need for higher levels of traffic control & roadway widening in addition to improving multimodal accessibility and overall safety. The following design guidelines illustrate general provisions and minimum design parameters for roundabouts. Candidate locations for roundabouts include the following (Figure 6-1): CIRCULATION & TRANSPORTATION | 6-25 Santa Fe Road intersections with local streets, located north and south of Tank Farm Road; and The intersection of Sueldo at tank Farm Road The intersection of the proposed local road (connecting Industrial Way to tank Farm) connection at Tank Farm Road west of Broad Street Other intersections that will roundabout control include (Figure 6- 1): Prado Road at Santa Fe Road and the Sueldo collector street; Prado Road at local and collector street intersections within the Margarita Specific Plan area; and Tank Farm Road at Santa Fe Road Roundabout Standards 6.4.7.1 Where feasible roundabouts should be considered the preferred form of intersection control in-lieu of all-way stop or signalization. Roundabouts are to be designed using the latest versions of guidelines established by the Federal Highway Administration and Caltrans. Two such document s include: “Roundabouts: An Informational Guide (2000)” and the State of California Department of Transportation “Design Information Bulletin - #80- 01” Roundabout design shall be to the approval of the Public Works Director. 6.4.8 PEDESTRIAN AND BICYCLE FACILITIES Establishing a successful multimodal circulation system is dependent on providing a safe and functional environment for modes of travel other than the automobile. While past business park and service/manufacturing designs typically have paid little attention to pedestrians and bicyclists, the guidelines and policies in the Specific Plan and City Circulation Element encourage significant integration of these modes to mitigate the Specific Plan’s trip generation and traffic impacts on the area’s circulation. Goal 6.4.8: Encourage a safe, comfortable, convenient, and attractive pedestrian circulation system and develop a system of facilities that supports bicycle use in the planning area for commuting and recreation. Pedestrian-Friendly Streets Establishing significant pedestrian activity in the planning area and promoting accessing to the transit system is dependent upon creating streets that are safe, attractive, comfortable and convenient for the pedestrian. The pedestrian components of the street extend primarily from the vehicle traveled way to the edge of the right-of-way, but also include portions of the traveled way where pedestrians need to cross. The elements that comprise the pedestrian environment include the sidewalk, on-street parking, street trees and buffer landscaping, street lights, signs, intersection crossings and restrictions, and public transit facilities. Pedestrian Friendly Guidelines A. As part of facility planning and design, seek to provide a continuous, inter-connected travel corridor for pedestrians that serves the same destinations as automobiles. B. As part of the development review process, seek to provide convenient pedestrian access to commercial and industrial buildings from the street frontage. C. As part of the development review process, provide convenient pedestrian connections to transit and between land uses and transit facilities. D. As part of facility planning and design, provide street trees and other landscaping in the parkway between street and 6-26 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN sidewalk to provide: separation from the travelway, climatic control, and aesthetic enhancement. E. As part of the development review process, in commercial and residential areas where pedestrian traffic is anticipated at night, require pedestrian-scale lighting along public and private walkways and paths. F. Encourage on-street parking on all local streets to provide separation between pedestrians and travel lanes. G. As part of facility planning and design, consider special paving treatments at intersection crosswalks to aesthetically enhance and separate the pedestrian system from the vehicular travelway. H. As part of the development review process, require development to provide continuous sidewalk improvements or off-street paths along all street corridors, and close gaps in the existing pedestrian system. Standard 6.4.8.1 The minimum width of all sidewalks and pedestrian paths are as shown in the right-of-way cross- sections for each street type (Figures 6-5 through 6-11). Bicycle Facilities Providing a safe, convenient and attractive bicycle circulation system is considered to be an important amenity that will enhance the proposed commercial development, reduce vehicle trips and increase the community’s appreciation of the open space resource. Bicycle Facilities Guidelines A. Ensure that clear and convenient connections are made between Class I, Class II and Class III bicycle facilities. B. Encourage developers to provide connections from new development sites and the planning area street system to the Class I corridors. C. During the development review process, require all Class I trail corridors within the planning area to be dedicated to the City as a condition of project approval. D. Place a high priority on completing key linkages between the City’s existing system and the proposed Airport Area and Margarita Area bicycle systems. Key linkages include, Damon Garcia Sportsfields, the intersection of Santa Fe and Tank Farm Roads, Prado Road and the associated Open Space, Creek Corridors, Avila Ranch and Buckley Road. E. In order to encourage bicycle use by planning area employees, new development shall include secure bicycle parking and changing and showering facilities on site. F. A signage system should be incorporated into the bicycle system that identifies the bicycle corridor, key connections and destinations, and provides safety warnings at intersections. The signage system should be designed to be in scale with pedestrian and bicycle use, and in keeping with the rural character of the area. Standard 6.4.8.2 Class I bicycle/multi-use trails shall have a minimum 12 foot cross-section, 2’ shoulders and shall be designed to meet or exceed minimum standards set by the California Highway Design Manual. Trails will be designed to support City maintenance vehicles, to the approval of the Public Works Director. CIRCULATION & TRANSPORTATION | 6-27 6.4.9 TRANSPORTATION DEMAND MANAGEMENT Transportation Demand Management (TDM) is a set of strategies, measures and incentives to encourage people to walk, bicycle, use public transportation, carpool or use other alternatives to driving alone in a car. TDM measures produce greater mobility from existing transportation systems, maximize the efficiency of the current transportation infrastructure, improve air quality, boost economic efficiency, save energy, and reduce traffic congestion. TDM measures are generally targeted towards employee commutes at the workplace end of the trip. Goal 6.4.9: Maximize the use of Transportation Demand Measures at the employer level. Guidelines A. Because the Airport Area will generate a concentration of employment, TDM measures need to play an important role in reducing travel demand. Proposed measures that would be most effective in the Airport Area include: 1. Vanpool-carpool preferential parking 2. Increase in van pools and reduced van pool fares 3. Construction of dedicated bike lanes and off-street paths that provide contiguous connections to the rest of the City 4. Amend city codes to provide incentives for TDM measures in new development projects 5. Transit subsidies for employees for both City and regional transit systems 6. Encourage, and provide infrastructure for, telecommuting 7. Increase compressed work schedules 8. Cash incentives to employees who enter into agreements to leave their cars at home and use other means to commute to work 9. Require employers to join the existing County “Transportation Choices” program or form a Transportation Management Association (TMA). 10. Require large employers and/or TMAs to develop alternative commute programs that include guaranteed rides home, carpool and vanpool matching services, information and marketing resources for commute alternative (websites), financial incentive programs for use of alternative modes, changing and showering facilities, flexible work schedules, compressed work weeks, and telecommuting options. One of the critical elements of a successful TDM program is the availability of frequent and high-quality transit services. Implementation of the transit plan (Section 6.2.7) will provide transit service to the Airport Area at the same level of service currently experienced along the South Higuera and Broad Street corridors. An advantage of employers forming a TMA is the ability to augment public transit with private shuttle buses at a relatively low cost to employers. Standards 6.4.9.1 Require employers with 25 or more employees to develop voluntary TDM programs that have the capacity to achieve the General Plan’s program of an average vehicle ridership (AVR) of 1.60 or greater. 6.4.9.2 Require employers with 25 or more employees to designate an in-house transportation coordinator that provides information and assistance in 6-28 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN planning and establishing transportation options for employees. 6.4.9.3 Require employers with 25 or more employees to develop TDM programs and submit to the City for approval and monitoring. 6.4.9.4 Any employer of 25 or more employees establishing a worksite within the Airport Area will be required to submit to the City plans for a voluntary Transportation Demand Management (TDM) program. At a minimum, the plan must include the following information and measures: An estimate of the employer’s base year average vehicle ridership (AVR); Designation of a transportation coordinator from the employee pool; A new hire packet of commute alternative information; Participation in SLO Transits Flash Pass Program and making transit information available to employees; A guaranteed ride home program; Ridematching assistance either in-house matches or through an outside organization such as the Ride-on Transportation Management Association; and Preferential carpool and vanpool parking. 6.4.10 Timing of Improvements All traffic mitigation measures, taken as a whole at full build out of the Airport Area, assure compliance with the Circulation Element LOS D policy. However, due to the fact that the rate and exact development patterns within the Airport Area cannot be predicted, no fixed implementation schedule of overall traffic mitigation measures can be determined. Therefore, and although not anticipated, development projects within the Specific Plan area may cause a temporary cumulative traffic level of LOS E to be reached prior to public improvement project being undertaken. Individual development projects within the Specific Plan area will need to construct adjacent street, bicycle and transit improvements as part of their development. For larger Specific Plan Fee public projects, the City shall, on a bi-yearly basis or as needed, review LOS levels and make recommendations for use of accumulated Airport Area traffic impact fees toward new CIP projects to address the higher LOS levels and assure ultimate LOS levels are achieved with ultimate build-out development of the Airport Area. The City shall require that individual improvement projects be constructed by adjacent development within the Specific Plan area to advance the necessary improvement and seek a reimbursement agreement, as necessary. UTILITIES & SERVICES | 7-1 7.0 UTILITIES & SERVICES Each ‘layer’ of understanding informs the planning response. INTENT The General Plan calls for the annexation and development of a number of areas in the southern part of the City’s urban reserve, in addition to the Airport Area. These areas include Margarita, Orcutt, Irish Hills, and Dalidio areas. In order to fully provide for the build-out of the Airport Area and these other areas, master plan studies for the water, sewer, and drainage systems were prepared in conjunction with the Airport Area Specific Plan. The sewer and water system master plan studies addressed the entire citywide sewer and water systems including the treatment facilities, transmission and collection pipelines, and pumping stations and other related system improvements. Chapter 7.0 provides a regulatory framework for those improvements required to accommodate the development program for the Airport Area. 7-2 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN 7.1 STORM DRAINAGE DRAINAGE SYSTEM OBJECTIVES As discussed in Chapter 3, Conservation & Resource Management, a number of creeks flow through the planning area, where flooding is a regular occurrence. The on-site flooding and the potential for increased downstream flooding have restricted development in the area. When considering how to address storm drainage in the area, a number of objectives were identified for the drainage improvement plan. These include: Use the City’s Drainage Design Manual and Waterways Management Plan as the basis for all detention requirements in the Specific Plan area. Provide a method for flood protection consistent with the City’s Flood Damage Prevention Regulations. Maximize the opportunity for environmental enhancement of stream corridors and stormwater detention and conveyance facilities. Minimize capital expenditures. Provide opportunities for multiple-use of storm drainage facilities. DRAINAGE SYSTEM CONCEPTS Initially, an area-wide drainage solution was envisioned for the Airport Area. This solution was referred to as the Storm Drain Master Plan and relied on significant creek channel modifications to keep storm flows within existing creek channels, modified natural channels, and in man-made by-pass channels. A regional detention basin south of Buckley Road was proposed to detain water and prevent downstream flooding. After this solution was developed, the City’s Waterways Management Plan was approved, which includes a Drainage Design Manual with standards for on-site storm water detention. Once it became evident that the costs of the original Storm Drain Master Plan were prohibitive, the Storm Drain Master Plan was revised to allow for on-site detention of storm flows, consistent with the Drainage Design Manual. DRAINAGE SYSTEM IMPROVEMENTS New development projects and the incorporate of the Chevron Remediation and Development project will enhance the drainage capacity of the region while enhancing natural habitat. All projects in the region will: 1. Apply the requirements of the City’s Floodplain Management Regulations to proposed development within the Airport Area. 2. Apply the requirements of the City’s Waterways Management Plan, Drainage Design Manual, City’s Stormwater Ordinance, and the Post Construction Stormwater Regulations (RWQCB) to proposed development within the Airport Area. These proposed improvements, along with implementation of existing City-wide ordinances and requirements are expected to provide 100-year flood protection and provide for environmental enhancement of stream corridors. The analytical methods outlined in the Waterway Management Plan, Drainage Design Manual shall be used to assist in the future design of flood control improvements. The Waterway Management Plan is available through the Public Works Department and incorporated into this Specific Plan by reference. DRAINAGE SYSTEM POLICIES Policy 7.1.1: Encourage BMP’s The City will encourage Best Management Practices for drainage when reviewing all development proposals. The use of bio-swales for conveying storm water on-site through open channels is UTILITIES & SERVICES | 7-3 particularly encouraged for their efficacy and natural, aesthetic quality. Policy 7.1.2: Creek Corridor Enhancement As part of the development review process for sites that are crossed by one or more creek corridors, the City will require creek corridor enhancement consisting of: Removal of non-native vegetation. Removal of obstructions that impede storm flows and that are detrimental to aquatic species. Establish additional riparian vegetation. Policy 7.1.3: Off-Site Improvements Permissible When detention requirements cannot be fully met on-site, off-site improvements of creek corridors is permissible, consistent with the requirements of the City’s Waterways Management Plan and Drainage Design Manual. Policy 7.1.4: Porous Paving Encouraged The use of porous paving to facilitate rainwater percolation is encouraged. As a condition of project approval, the City will require parking lots and paved outdoor storage areas, where practical, to use one or more of the following measures to reduce surface water runoff and aid in groundwater recharge: porous paving; ample landscaped areas that receive surface drainage and that are maintained to facilitate percolation; drainage detention basins with soils that facilitate percolation. Policy 7.1.5: On-Site Detention Basins and Creek Corridors Detention basins will be owned by the subdivider, a property owners’ association, or a major nonresidential parcel owner, and will be maintained by an owners’ association or a special district. Ownership and maintenance of minor waterways will be the same, with a City easement for open space and, where trails occur, public access. Policy 7.1.6: Developer’s Responsibility Developers are responsible for drainage facilities serving their parcels, including needed facilities through adjoining properties. Where facilities serve more than one parcel, developers may form benefit districts or establish reimbursement agreements. Policy 7.1.7: Design Review The design of detention and conveyance facilities will be subject to City approval as subdivisions are reviewed, and will be based on runoff studies and recommendations by qualified professional engineers. Policy 7.1.8: Design of Detention Facilities Detention facilities will be compatible with natural features and the desired neighborhood character. Shallow basins with curvilinear sides, adjacent to waterways, are acceptable, while steep-sided, rectangular basins are not. Use of detention areas for habitat protection and enhancement, or for appropriate recreation, is encouraged. Additional design guidelines for drainage are found in Section 5.21 of this Specific Plan. Policy 7.1.9: NPDES All drainage facilities must comply with National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Phase II permit requirements. The City of San Luis Obispo has a set of standards for Post Construction runoff control that must be implemented by property owners as they develop. Policy 7.1.10: Developer’s Costs Developers will contribute to the cost of implementing the Storm Drain Master Plan and in some cases may be required to perform 7-4 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN the work and then be reimbursed. Additional information on costs can be found in Section 8.4.7 of this Specific Plan. Policy 7.1.11: Incentives Exceptional implementation of drainage design policies makes a project eligible for development incentives as described in Section 4.4.7 of this Plan. 7.2 WATER Development in the Airport Area can occur only if adequate water supply is available. Both the existing water supply and the City’s capacity to treat it are limited. While existing water is available, new sources will be needed before build-out of the Airport Area occurs. Increasing demand will stress the capacity of the existing sources to reliably deliver desired water quantities. Therefore, it is important that the City continue to pursue additional water sources to meet General Plan buildout demands. In addition, treatment for potential new surface water supplies will require conventional treatment, which could require that the raw water conduit capacity and conventional treatment capacity be increased to accommodate projected citywide growth. If City water supplies are not supplemented in time to serve maximum buildout of a property in the Airport Area, on-site water supplies may be used. If on-site supplies are not sufficient to serve the maximum development of a property otherwise possible, the property should be developed to allow for subsequent buildout of the property when additional city supplies become available. Based on the proposed land uses, the average daily water demand for the Airport Area at build-out is projected to be 1,234 gallons per minute or 1.8 million gallons per day, excluding water demands from the airport (Water System Master Plan, dated October 2000, by Boyle Engineering). The maximum daily water demand is estimated to be 2,468 gpm (3.6 MGD). This increase in demand represents approximately 60% of the projected total citywide increase in water demand at build-out of the entire General Plan area. Approximately 13% of the increase in citywide demand would be due to the Margarita area, and the remaining 27% would be due to growth in other parts of the city. The Airport Area will be served by the existing Edna Saddle Pressure Zone. The primary water service to this pressure zone is from a 20-inch diameter transmission main that carries water from reservoirs located to the north of the city. The 4-million gallon Edna Saddle storage tank, which is located to the north of the Margarita and Airport areas, provides operational, emergency, and fire flow storage for the area. It also provides water to the airport via a metered service to its private water system. Water will be delivered to the Airport Area through a grid of 12- inch diameter mains: three traversing east-west, which are generally connected at the Los Osos Valley Road, Tank Farm Road, and Prado Road alignments, three north-south mains connecting to the existing 16- and 20-inch transmission mains to the north. The exact locations of these mains will likely change somewhat to follow future planned roadways, but their general configuration should remain similar to that shown in Figure 7-1. These grid mains are necessary to allow the transport of water within and across the area to supply fire flows. The interior distribution mains will be based on the final land use designation and related fire flow demands as determined by the Uniform Fire Code. These pipes will range between 8 and 10 inches, depending on fire flow demands and the looping configuration. A 0.2-MG reservoir is also recommended for the Edna Saddle Zone to be located in the southwest part of the city near the Prefumo Canyon area. This tank will increase fire flows in this immediate area. Additional demand for water supply is likely because at the time of adoption, the City’s facility master plans did not cover the area south of the 1994 URL (Avila Ranch properties) or east of the airport (Morabito/Burek and Senn/Glick properties). As a result, site specific studies are required before the review and approval of development projects in these areas (Figture 7-1). UTILITIES & SERVICES | 7-5 Policy 7.2.1 Engineering Feasibility Study (Water) Before specific project review and approval of projects in the area east of the airport and south of the 1994 URL, the project proponent will submit a detailed engineering assessment of the project’s water demand and an assessment of the ability of the City’s infrastructure system to handle the project in question. The scope of the study shall be to the approval of the Public Works Director and the Utilities Director. 7.3 WASTEWATER At build-out, the Airport Area is projected to generate wastewater flows of approximately 656,100 gallons per day (gpd). The Airport Area is divided into two wastewater catchment areas. Wastewater generated in the southwest portion of the area will flow to the Calle Joaquin Lift Station, while the remainder flows to the Tank Farm Lift Station. Wastewater from the southeastern portion of the Airport Area flows to Tank Farm Lift Station located 1 1/3 miles west of the intersection at Tank Farm Road and Broad Street via an 18-inch trunk line running westerly down Tank Farm Road. The lift station serves the entire southeastern portion of the City and eliminated the Rockview, and previous Tank Farm Lift stations. The Tank Farm Lift Station also serves a portion of the Margarita and entire Orcutt areas. Backbone facilities to meet future wastewater generation to the Calle Joaquin Lift Station will require approximately 550 feet of new gravity sewer, replacement of the lift station and 2,300 feet of new force main. These improvements are expected to be completed in 2015. The Calle Joaquin Lift Station discharges to the Laguna Lift Station, which was replaced in 2013. Increased flows from the Airport Area and other annexation areas will require the expansion of the City’s Water Reclamation Facility (WRF). When the City’s flows approach design capacity, the City will expand advanced treatment facilities such as the cooling towers, filters, and disinfection processes. Policy 7.2.1 Engineering Feasibility Study (Wastewater) Before specific project review and approval of projects the project proponent will submit a detailed engineering assessment of the project’s wastewater generation and an assessment of the ability of the City’s infrastructure system to handle the project in question. The scope of the study shall be to the approval of the Public Works Director and the Utilities Director. 7.4 ENERGY Electricity and natural gas distribution will be provided by the two State-regulated private utilities that serve the region, with facilities extended into the area as it develops. Although there are no area- wide plans for on-site wind, geothermal, solar or biomass energy production, development of such energy resources should be encouraged where feasible and consistent with the Conservation and Open Space Element. Energy efficiency and solar opportunities will be fostered by State building standards, citywide solar exposure standards and development review procedures, and incentives and advice offered by the utility companies. 7.5 TELECOMMUNICATIONS Local line-connected telephone and television services are provided by City-franchised private companies that will extend their facilities into the area as it develops. The expanding range of broadcast (including satellite) services will be available for the Airport Area to the extent they are available throughout the San Luis Obispo area. 7-6 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN 7.6 FUTURE HIGH-SPEED DATA ACCESS All new structures that will accommodate people shall have one 50-millimeter (2-inch) conduit connected with an underground system to facilitate future installation of a high-speed, high- capacity data supply system. 7.7 UNDERGROUNDING Undergrounding overhead utilities is important to enhancing the visual quality of the area and establishing a signature image for the Airport Area. Such enhancements will, in turn, contribute to higher property values, which will be important for financing proposed infrastructure improvements. All new development shall be served on-site with underground power, telephone, and cable communications lines. All new development shall be responsible for undergrounding of existing overhead utility lines along that development's frontage or constructing underground utility lines along new roadways concurrent with the construction of new roadways. 7.8 PHASING AND COORDINATION Development of individual ownership areas may occur as components of the overall infrastructure phasing scheme. To ensure that later projects build upon systems that are properly located and sized when installed by earlier projects, extensions of streets and utility lines will need to be coordinated among owners, the City, and utility companies. The initial projects may need to provide interim utility solutions, if the permanent systems cannot be made available at the time of development. Such interim systems must be consistent with the planned permanent systems. 7.9 PUBLIC SAFETY 7.9.1 FIRE PROTECTION The San Luis Obispo City Fire Department (SLOFD) provides emergency and non-emergency fire and protection services in the City. Emergency services include fire response, emergency medical response, hazardous materials response, and public assistance. Non-emergency services include fire and life safety inspections, building inspections, fire code investigations, arson investigations, and public education. Additionally, the SLOFD is a member of a countywide team that responds to hazardous materials incidents throughout the County. As of January 2005 the SLOFD operates 4 fire stations and has a firefighter/ population ratio of approximately one (1) firefighter per 1000 residents. The Headquarters Fire Station (FS#1) also houses the administrative offices, the Fire Prevention Bureau, maintenance shop and training facility, which are strategically located on the Broad Street corridor. Fire Stations #3 and #4 are located adjacent to the Airport and Margarita areas. County Fire Station #21, which is located on the runway, provides for airport crash fire rescue services. This station also provides emergency response services for a rather large rural area. The City currently maintains a mutual aid agreement with Calfire to allow this station to respond to matters within the airport area. If the residential, commercial, industrial service, and open space uses proposed by the Airport Area and Margarita Area specific plans are added to the fire department’s existing work load without also adding staff, a significant reduction in existing service levels would result. The Department’s fire suppression staffing level is currently set at 13. At this level, Station #3 is typically staffed with 3 personnel. Upon annexation, the Department’s minimum staffing level may need to be increased. In addition, because of increased population and the increased potential hazards of the industrial area, the City may need to add additional inspectors to augment existing staff. UTILITIES & SERVICES | 7-7 In 2013, the Chevron EIR evaluated development and annexation of the Chevron property and therefore evaluated the potential for fire department operational needs. The EIR concluded that the majority of the Airport area is not within the City’s desired 4-minute response time. However, this response time may be enhanced by the completion of circulation improvements including the completion of Prado Road, Santa Fe Road, and the widening of Tank Farm Road. Even with these improvements planned for the future, the EIR concluded mitigation is necessary to achieve the City’s policy objectives for response time (Safety Element Policy 10.3). These mitigation measures are incorporated into the AASP as follows: Policy 7.9.1: Adequate Fire Suppression Services and Facilities The City shall provide adequate fire suppression services and facilities to the Airport Area, consistent with the Safety Element of the General Plan, by completing area transportation improvements, co-locating City fire services with existing CAL-Fire facilities located on Broad Street, and/or establishing a permanent facility within the Airport Area. Policy 7.9.2: Fire Station Location and Site Dedication During the first phase of development of the Chevron Tank Farm site, property that is suitable for the development of a new fire station shall be deeded to the City, to the approval of the Fire Chief. Policy 7.9.3: Interim Safety Improvements Until a permanent facility is developed that enables the City to achieve its response time objectives, new development in the Airport Area may be required to finance other improvements that will contribute to alleviating current deficiencies, as identified in the San Luis Obispo Fire Department Master Plan (2009). This policy will be implemented on a case by case basis through conditions of approval when project specific fire and life safety impacts are identified. 7.9.2 POLICE PROTECTION The San Luis Obispo Police Department provides a variety of law enforcement and community services. The Department consists of 90 employees, 62 of which are sworn police officers. This results in a ratio of about 1.4 officers-per-1000 residents. However, the City of San Luis Obispo is an employment center, so the daytime population of the City’s urban area increases by about 30,000 people per day over its resident population. Thus, the officers-per- resident ratio can be a misleading descriptor of service level. The Department is divided into two police bureaus, with a Police Captain commanding each. The Operations Bureau consists of a Patrol Services Division, a Traffic Safety Unit, and a Situation Oriented Response Team, and Neighborhood Services. The majority of the Operations Bureau resources are devoted to patrol services and traffic safety. The Neighborhood Services Division frequently responds to conflicts that arise between nonresidential and residential land uses, or different types of land uses in close proximity to one another. The Administrative Services Bureau consists of Administrative Services Division, Investigative Division, Communications Division, Records Unit, and Information Services Unit. This bureau provides services essential to law enforcement in the City and the effective use of the Operations Bureau resources. The City Police Department currently provides mutual aid responses to the Airport Area. Annexation and new development made possible by City services will increase the Department’s workload. A small police substation/work area may be needed with urbanization of the area. Additionally, the City’s adopted Safety element establishes response performance standards for “recurrent” types of emergencies. The Police Department has set a 30-percent available time objective for patrol response 7-8 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN (“Available time” is the fraction of total time that a patrol unit is not previously assigned or otherwise unavailable for response to a new emergency call for service). The Department is currently at or below this 30-percent available objective much of the year. This annexation will drive the need for additional personnel and equipment to maintain this performance standard. The number of personnel will be determined at the time of annexation based on development and calls for service in the area. UTILITIES & SERVICES | 7-9 Figure 7-1 Water Distribution System 7-10 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Figure 7-2 Waste Water Collection System UTILITIES & SERVICES | 7-11 This page intentionally left blank FINANCING | 8-1 8.0 PUBLIC FACILITIES FINANCING Each ‘layer’ of understanding informs the planning response. INTENT This Public Facilities Financing Plan (“PFFP”) has been prepared to evaluate the ability of land uses proposed in the City of San Luis Obispo Airport Area Specific Plan to fund required public facilities. This chapter describes the approach and major findings of the PFFP. In summary, this PFFP does the following: Summarizes the proposed land uses and estimated phasing assumptions for the Airport area. Summarizes the public facilities required to serve the Airport area. Summarizes the costs of required public facilities and allocates the costs to the proposed land uses based on a benefit rationale. Outlines the phasing of public facilities needed to keep pace with projected development. Considers a combination of impact fees, debt financing, grant sources and developer contributions to fund public facilities as they are needed. Identifies the total one-time burdens (impact fees) and potential annual burdens (annual special taxes) proposed to be assessed to fund the improvements. Discusses future steps associated with implementation and administration of the financing plan. The PFFP represents the culmination of a cooperative process that involved public and private participants with interests in the Airport area. While consensus is difficult to reach, the recommendations in this chapter reflect provide at least one realistic funding scenario for public improvements that help to accommodate infrastructure needs for AASP growth. 8-2 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN As the Airport and Margarita areas develop, the timing and mix of costs and funding sources may change. The assumptions and results in the PFFP were originally based on year 2003 estimates and were most recently modified in 2014 in conjunction with the Chevron remediation and development project. In 2014 it was found that anticipated development eligible to provide financing for infrastructure had substantially decreased since 2005. Additionally, the cost, detail and scope of required infrastructure has substantially increased. Regardless of the extent to which the proposed financing mechanisms are used, or other financing mechanisms are introduced later in the Airport and Margarita areas, the overall burden has been evaluated in detail and a range of financing options has been contemplated to ensure feasibility. Ultimately, the marketplace will determine whether the impact fees are competitive and whether the infrastructure, services and other amenities provided by the City are of great enough benefit to foster development in the Airport area under City jurisdiction. 8.1 CITY FINANCING POLICIES As part of developing the financing strategy employed in this PFFP, a review of the City’s financing policies was conducted. The City’s 2013-15 Financial Plan sets forth the following policies: 8.1.1 GENERAL FINANCING POLICIES Transportation impact fees are a major funding source in financing transportation system improvements needed to accommodate new development. However, revenues from these fees are subject to significant fluctuation based on the rate of new development. Accordingly, the availability of impact fees in funding a specific improvement project will be analyzed on a case-by-case basis as projects s are submitted for City Manager or Council consideration. If adequate funds are not available at the time, the Council will make one of two determinations: Defer the project until funds are available; or, based on the high-priority of the project, Advance funds from another funding source (such as the General Fund), which will be reimbursed as soon as funds become available. Repayment of General Fund advances will be the first use of AASP transportation impact fee funds when they become available. The City will use the following criteria to evaluate pay-as- you-go versus long-term financing in funding capital improvements: a. Factors Favoring Pay-As-You-Go Financing: 1. Current revenues and adequate fund balances are available or project phasing can be accomplished. 2. Existing debt levels adversely affect the City's credit rating. 3. Market conditions are unstable or present difficulties in marketing. b. Factors Favoring Long Term Financing: 1. Revenues available for debt service are deemed sufficient and reliable so that long-term financings can be marketed with investment grade credit ratings. 2. The project securing the financing is of the type, which will support an investment grade credit rating. 3. Market conditions present favorable interest rates and demand for City financings. 4. A project is mandated by state or federal requirements, and resources are insufficient or unavailable. 5. The project is immediately required to meet or relieve capacity needs and current resources are insufficient or unavailable. 6. The life of the project or asset to be financed is 10 years or longer. FINANCING | 8-3 Recurring O & M Costs - Debt financing will not be considered appropriate for any recurring purpose such as current operating and maintenance expenditures. Capital Improvements - Capital Improvements will be financed primarily through user fees, service charges, assessments, special taxes, or developer agreements when benefits can be specifically attributed to users of the facility. 8.1.2 LAND-SECURED FINANCING POLICIES Public Purpose - There will be a clearly articulated public purpose in forming an assessment or special tax district in financing public infrastructure improvements. This should include a finding by the Council as to why this form of financing is preferred to other funding options such as impact fees, reimbursement agreements or direct developer responsibility for the improvements. Reserve Fund - A reserve fund should be established in the lesser amount of: the maximum annual debt service; 125% of the annual average debt service; or 10% of the bond proceeds. Value-to-Lien Ratio - The minimum value-to-lien ratio should generally be 4:1. This means the value of the property in the district, with the public improvements, should be at least four times the amount of the special tax debt. The City may consider allowing a value-to-debt ratio of 3:1, but the Council would make special findings in this case. Capital Interest - Decisions to capitalize interest will be made on a case-by-case basis, with the intent that if allowed, it should improve the credit quality of the bonds and reduce borrowing costs, benefiting both current and future property owners. Maximum Burden - Annual assessments (or special taxes in the case of Mello-Roos or similar districts) should generally not exceed 1% of the sales price of the property, and total property taxes, special assessments and special tax payments collected on the tax roll should generally not exceed 2%. Special Taxes - Assessments and special taxes will be apportioned according to a formula that is clear, understandable, equitable and reasonably related to the benefit received by, or burden attributed to, each parcel with respect to its financed improvement. Any annual escalation factor should generally not exceed 2%. Special Tax District Administration - In the case of Mello- Roos or similar special tax districts, the total maximum annual tax should not be less than 110% of the annual debt service. Where applicable, these City policies have been incorporated into the financing strategy in this PFFP. 8.2 LAND USE ASSUMPTIONS 8.2.1 LAND USES The Airport area comprises over 1,450 acres zoned for commercial, industrial, and open space. Table 8.1 on the following page shows a breakdown of the land use components in the Airport area. The estimated nonresidential building capacity in the Airport area is approximately 5.1 million square feet. It should be noted that approximately 1.38 million square feet of the non-residential building capacity is under a pre-annexation agreement or may be subject to fee programs that are outside of the City jurisdiction. Because of this, the 1.38 Million Square feet of development will create a gap in infrastructure funding. This gap will need to be 8-4 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN financed with grants, Citywide support, County support, or other funding sources. 8.2.2 LAND USE ABSORPTION ESTIMATES Based on historic development trends in San Luis Obispo, the City’s Community Development Department estimates that on average, approximately 100,000 square feet of commercial/industrial building space would develop annually. Based on absorption assumptions, the commercial/industrial acreage in the Airport area will fully develop in about thirty years. The land use absorption estimates used in the PFFP illustrate one potential development scenario. Because of the inherent uncertainty associated with market driven cycles, it is emphasized that this absorption scenario is for planning purposes only so as to provide an indication of Airport area feasibility. It should not be relied on as a forecast of future events, or for any other purpose other than as an illustration. Actual development in the Airport area most likely will not follow the smooth development pattern incorporated in the PFFP analysis but instead will follow market development cycles. 8.3 COST ESTIMATES AND ALLOCATION 8.3.1 SUMMARY OF COST ESTIMATES The total of transportation infrastructure and planning costs for which the Airport area is responsible is estimated to be approximately $19.3 million. Costs for the individual backbone facilities were estimated by private consultants utilizing conceptual plans for infrastructure improvements. Table 8.1 LAND USE SUMMARY FOR RESIDENTIAL & NONRESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES IN THE AIRPORT AREA SPECFIC PLAN (updated 2014) FINANCING | 8-5 It is important to note that the $19.3 million amount does not include the costs for in-tract and other improvements which are the direct responsibility of individual projects and will be provided as part of their development. Nor does this cost include other projects in the vicinity that are necessary but will be paid for by other mechanisms such as the Citywide Transportation Impact fee program, grants or other development. The City will require that fronting property owners dedicate roadway right-of-way since these property owners will benefit most from improving the roadway. Property owners fronting the extension of Sueldo Road (formerly the Unocal collector) and Santa Fe Road will be required to fund a portion of the roadway infrastructure improvements for these road sections since they also provide local access to these properties. Table 8.2 COST ALLOCATION FACTORS 8.3.2 ALLOCATION METHODOLOGY With input from the City and its consultant engineers, the backbone facility costs were allocated among the various land uses that will benefit from the improvements. To conduct this analysis, a benefit rationale was developed for each facility category. Allocation factors or benefit units were selected, and fair share allocations were assigned to the land uses. Table 8.2 shows the allocation factors used to allocate the cost of the backbone facilities to the benefiting land uses. The following policies and criteria were utilized to assign benefit: New development must mitigate impacts it creates on public facilities and it is fully responsible for the costs of the required mitigation. The City’s General Plan states that the City may choose to contribute to certain facilities that it deems will provide community-wide benefits. Assigned benefit is based on a proportional benefit analysis using allocation factors that were determined either by the engineers or City staff that worked on the master plan. Roadway infrastructure costs are allocated to the areas which benefit from these improvements. Prado Road improvements, a portion of the cost of Prado Interchange, and part of the intersection improvements at Prado and South Higuera are allocated to future development in the Margarita Area since this area will benefit from these improvements. Tank Farm Road, Buckley Road and Broad Street improvements are allocated primarily to future development in the Airport Area since this area primarily will benefit from these roadway improvements, however some of these roadways are also regional in nature and may require funding from outside of the AASP to complete. The City will require property owners whose land adjoins roadways to dedicate the right-of-way for improvements; therefore, roadway land acquisition costs are not included in the transportation infrastructure costs. If ROW purchase is necessary as part of a project, the City will create a future reimbursement program for the AASP PFFP to recoop funding when the adjacent property develops. 8-6 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Table 8.3 a STORM DRAINAGE COST ALLOCATION SUMMARY Table 8.3 b TRANSPORTATION COST ALLOCATION SUMMARY Tables 8.3 a and b show the cost allocation for each facility category as well as the total cost allocated to each land use. It should be noted that the infrastructure costs provided in these tables include only that portion of the total cost that will be allocated to properties in the Airport area. FINANCING | 8-7 Table 8.4 Summary of Infrastructure Costs by phase 8.3.3 INFRASTRUCTURE PHASING As previously discussed, development of the Airport area will require approximately $36.4 million in public facilities of which approximately $19.3 million will be funded by properties in the Airport area. Due to the lack of existing infrastructure networks in this area, a considerable amount of backbone infrastructure is required up-front, in the early stages as development occurs. Infrastructure projects are identified as phased according to specific infrastructure phasing intervals. These intervals are defined in Table 8.4. While some development impact fee revenue will be available to fund a small portion of AASP Phase 1 facilities, sufficient impact fee revenue will not be available to fully fund the first phase infrastructure nor will fee revenues keep up with major facility cost components in subsequent phases. Either public debt financing or developer financing will be needed to close the funding shortfalls and generate lump-sum proceeds to keep up with facility demands. Therefore, the Financing Plan incorporates a combination of impact fees, land-secured debt, assumed grant funding, and developer financing to fund the required facilities. 8.3.4 WATER FACILITIES In 2013, the City adopted citywide water fees and area-specific water add-on impact fees. The area-specific water add-on fees were developed to fund the specific water facilities that would be required in the Airport. These facilities include only the backbone water pipelines that will serve the Airport area and do not include in-tract pipelines at specific developments or water mains that will be required to tie into the water system; these types of facilities will be funded directly by the developers when they are ready to develop. Funding for the expansion of the City’s water treatment plant will come from the citywide water impact fee. The citywide water impact fee is, effective July 1, 2012, $17,092 per 1” meter and the area-specific water add-on fee is $1,907 per 1” meter. The citywide water fee pays for water supplies and treatment facilities required to serve new development and as such must be paid by development in addition to the Airport area-specific water add-on fee. The water impact fees will be collected at building permit issuance or possibly at some other time, as specified by the City. Existing development requesting to tie into the City’s water system will be required to pay the Airport area-specific water add-on fee and the citywide water impact fee. 8.3.5 WASTEWATER FACILITIES The cost of the Airport area specific plan’s portion of the water reclamation facility upgrade will be funded through the citywide wastewater impact fee. The collection system pipes, which will connect individual developments to the backbone system are considered to be an in-tract improvement and therefore will be financed by the individual developers. Development in the Airport area will be required to pay the citywide wastewater impact fee, which is, effective July 1, 2012, $8,553 per 1” meter and the area-specific wastewater add-on fee is $3,664 per 1” meter. 8-8 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Revenue from the citywide wastewater fee will fund capacity improvements at the water reclamation facility and therefore all development in the Airport area will be required to pay this fee in addition to the Airport area-specific wastewater add-on fee. The City expects that the existing and/or approved 2.1 million square feet of building area in the Airport and Margarita areas will eventually tie into the City’s sewer system. Approximately 0.5 million square feet of development has already paid interim impact fees to the City. The City anticipates that most of the remaining 1.6 million square feet of developed building space will tie into the wastewater system over a 30-year period. Existing development requesting to tie into the City’s sewer system will be required to pay the Airport area-specific wastewater add-on fee and the citywide wastewater impact fee. 8.3.6 TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES Road and bikeway improvements required for the Airport area are estimated based on costs associated with improvements for, Tank Farm Road, the extension of Sueldo (formerly the Unocal Collector), Santa Fe Road Extensions, improvements along Higuera Street, Broad Street and Buckley Road Extension. Transportation costs include nine intersections that were identified for improvements through the Chevron EIR in 2013. Also included is the Airport Area’s share of bike path costs to serve trips in the AASP Area. Costs will continue to reflect changes in the CPI. As previously mentioned, the City will require that roadway right- of-way be dedicated by the adjoining property owners and as a result, land acquisition costs are not included in the transportation infrastructure costs. Future development in the Margarita Area will benefit from the improvements to Prado Road (including the Prado Road creek crossing) and the intersection at South Higuera Street. Therefore, costs associated with these improvements, have been allocated primarily to future development in the Margarita Area. Additionally, based on a prior study, the City estimates that future development in the Margarita Area is responsible for 13%, of the Prado Interchange. The total cost of the aforementioned improvements is allocated among all future development in the Margarita Area. Future development in the Airport Area will primarily benefit from the improvements to Tank Farm Road, Santa Fe Road Extensions and Buckley Road Extension. Additional improvements along Higuera and Broad Street are necessary to help mitigate traffic generated by AASP growth. Costs include roadway improvements and median landscaping and irrigation for Tank Farm Road. The original PFFP only included partial costs of the Buckley Road Extension and assigned the Santa Fe Road Extension improvement costs to the fronting property owners. The current PFFP proposes that Buckley Road Extension be funded by development that most directly creates the need for the improvement (Avila Ranch, et. al.) or that a special sub-area funding program be established for this project. Santa Fe Costs under the new PFFP are split between the adjacent properties which receive a direct benefit of the roadways and the PFFP. The costs of other roadway improvements is allocated to future development in the Airport Area as well as shared with potential grants, direct developer contributions or City participation. Additionally bikeway costs associated with three bikeway facilities that most directly benefit the AASP properties are allocated to the Airport Area (similar improvements in the Margarita Area will be built as part of specific development projects). Utility line undergrounding for part of Tank Farm Road and Broad Street were funded through the City’s and County’s Rule 20-A program (2012). Other undergrounding costs are be funded by development in the Airport Area. The City will work with property owners in the area to minimize costs of undergrounding that may include covenants and deferrals until such time as large scale projects can be completed. All new services in the AASP will be undergrounded per City code. Additionally, the cost of FINANCING | 8-9 constructing medians on Broad Street, south of Prado Road, will be funded by the City through grants, STIP or other funds. Future development in the AASP area will also be required to pay the citywide transportation impact fees. Revenue from this fee funds transportation projects which provide citywide benefit and bring facilities to the area. Projects in this fee program that help serve the AASP include the Prado Road and LOVR Interchanges, bikeways to and from the AASP, Orcutt Road Grade separation and improvements along Higuera Street. Traffic mitigation measures, taken as a whole at full build out of the Airport Area, help to meet objectives of the Circulation Element’s LOS policy. However, due to the fact that the rate and exact development patterns within the Airport Area cannot be predicted, no fixed implementation schedule of overall traffic mitigation measures can be determined. Therefore, certain projects may cause a LOS thresholds to be exceeded. The City shall, on a bi-yearly basis or as needed, review LOS levels and make recommendations for use of accumulated Airport Area transportation impact fees toward new CIP projects to address the higher LOS levels and assure LOS levels consistent with the Circulation Element are achieved with ultimate build-out of the Airport Area. The most recent assessment of the LOS levels was completed in 2014 as part of the Chevron EIR. 8.3.7 STORM DRAINAGE FACILITIES Future development in the Airport area will be required to provide fair share funding towards drainage improvements associated with roadway improvements. These fair share fees are incorporated into the impact fee program. 8.3.8 SPECIFIC PLAN COSTS Funds have been advanced by the City to pay consultants’ costs associated with preparing the specific plans and other analyses to support development of the Airport and Margarita areas. These costs total $717,000 and have been allocated to all future development in the Airport and Margarita areas on a per-acre basis. The existing development in the Airport area is not included in the cost allocation. 8.4 FINANCING METHODS 8.4.1 MELLO-ROOS COMMUNITY FACILITIES ACT OF 1982 The Mello-Roos Community Facilities Act (the “Act”) [Section 53311 et. seq. of the Government Code] was enacted by the California State Legislature in 1982 to provide an alternate means of financing public infrastructure and services subsequent to the passage of Proposition 13 in 1978. The Act complies with Proposition 13, which permits cities, counties, and special districts to create defined areas within their jurisdiction and, by a two-thirds vote within the defined area, impose special taxes to pay for the public improvements and services needed to serve that area. The Act defines the area subject to a special tax as a Community Facilities District. A CFD may provide for the purchase, construction, expansion, or rehabilitation of any real or other tangible property with an estimated useful life of at least five years. A CFD may also finance the costs of planning, design, engineering, and consultants involved in the construction of improvements or formation of the CFD. The facilities financed by the CFD do not have to be physically located within the CFD. Formation of a CFD authorizes a public agency to levy a special tax on all taxable property within the CFD in the manner prescribed in the formation documents. Property owned or irrevocably offered to a public agency may be exempted from the special tax. Mello-Roos special taxes are collected at the same time and in the same manner as property taxes, unless otherwise specified by the agency. Special tax revenues may be used to pay debt service on bonds sold to provide funding for the construction or acquisition of public capital facilities. Special taxes may also be used to pay directly for facilities and public services. Formation of a CFD can be initiated by: 8-10 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN A motion by the legislative body (the City Council); A written request signed by two members of the City Council; or A petition filed with the clerk signed either by ten percent of the registered voters residing within the proposed CFD, or owners of ten percent of the land area within the proposed CFD. Within 90 days of initiating the proceedings to form the CFD, the City Council would adopt a resolution of intention to establish a CFD and a resolution of necessity to incur bonded indebtedness, and determine a date for a public hearing on the formation of the CFD. The hearing must be not less than 30 days or more than 60 days from the date the resolution of intention was adopted. At the public hearing, if the City Council makes a decision to proceed with formation of the CFD, a resolution of formation, a resolution to incur bonded indebtedness, and a resolution calling for elections to authorize special taxes and the issuance of bonds, will be adopted by the City Council. If the City Council decides to proceed with establishing a CFD, it must submit the levy of the special tax to the qualified electors of the proposed CFD in the next general election or in a special election to be held at least 90 days, but not more than 180 days, following the close of the public hearing. However, these time limits may be waived with the unanimous consent of the qualified electors. As required by Proposition 13, two-thirds of the voters casting ballots must support the tax if it is to be imposed. However, if there are fewer than 12 registered voters residing in the proposed district, the vote shall be by the landowners of the proposed CFD, and each landowner shall have one vote for each acre or portion of an acre of land owned within the CFD. TABLE 8.5 CFD DEBT FINANCING ANALYSIS FINANCING | 8-11 There are two limitations on the amount of financing available from a CFD. The first is the value-to-lien ratio. “Value” is considered to be the appraised value of the property, including entitlements and improvements in place on the date the CFD bonds are to be sold. The value of improvements to be constructed with bond proceeds is included in the value calculation. “Lien” refers to the proposed Mello-Roos bond issue, as well as any other public debt secured by the property. Senate Bill 1464, which became effective January 1993, requires a minimum value-to-lien ratio of 3:1. The City’s policy is 4:1, but may also allow 3:1 in some cases. The second restriction on the amount of financing available from a CFD is the total effective tax rate (“ETR”) paid by a homeowner or property owner in the CFD. The ETR consists of the basic one percent ad valorem property tax levy mandated by Proposition 13, plus overrides from voter-approved bonded indebtedness and non-ad valorem taxes, assessments and parcel charges (expressed as a percentage of market value). There is no legal limit, but a maximum ETR of two percent of market value has developed as a standard for residential development in many areas throughout the State; the City has adopted this standard as one of its financing policies. 8.4.2 IMPACT FEES Impact fees are monetary exactions (other than taxes or special assessments) that are charged by local agencies in conjunction with approval of a development project. Impact fees are levied for the purpose of defraying all or a portion of the costs of a public facility, improvement, or amenity that benefits the project. The collection of impact fees does not require formation of a special district; instead, a fee program is implemented by a public agency’s adoption of a resolution or ordinance. Impact fees are paid by builders or developers, typically at the time a building permit is issued. The public facilities funded by impact fees must be specifically identified, and there must be a reasonable relationship, or “nexus,” between the type of development project and the need for the facilities, the need to impose a fee, and the portion of the facilities cost allocated to the development project, pursuant to Section 66000 et. seq. of the Government Code. While developer fees cannot typically be leveraged (i.e., provide security for bonds or other debt instruments), fees can be used in conjunction with debt financing to help retire bonds secured by other means (e.g., land). In this case, developer fees can generate supplemental revenues to reduce future special taxes or assessments, or free up tax increment or other revenues for alternative uses. Developer fees can also be used to generate reimbursement revenue to property owners or public agencies who have previously paid more than their fair share of public improvement costs. 8.4.3 DEVELOPER FINANCING In many cases, developers fund facilities or dedicate land as a means of mitigating the impact of their developments. For example, the City may impose, as a condition of development, construction of a facility that is needed, such as a roadway. Once the roadway is constructed and accepted by the City, fee credits equal to the amount of the cost of the facility or the cost of the facility as estimated in the capital improvement plan, can be issued to the developer. The developer can then apply them to offset fees imposed on his development or enter into a reimbursement agreement for any constructed facility that is oversized. 8.5 RECOMMENDED PROJECT FINANCING STRATEGY 8.5.1 OVERVIEW The financing strategy for funding infrastructure serving the Airport area is primarily a pay as you go impact fee program. The City will need to work with property owners in the AASP to consider 8-12 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN alternative financing opportunities that could include a combination of community facilities district debt financing, impact fees specific to the Airport Area, citywide impact fees, transportation grants and higher levels of developer funding.. . Table 8.6 summarizes the facilities required and the infrastructure funding sources for the Airport area. The Airport Area Project impact fees, shown in Table 8.7, will fund the Airport Area’s share of infrastructure and storm drainage costs. Owners of properties fronting Tank Farm and Broad Street will be required to dedicate road right-of-way. In addition, owners of properties fronting the extension of Sueldo Road (formerly the Unocal collector) and Santa Fe Road will be required to dedicate right-of-way and fund a portion of the improvement of these roads that they benefit directly from them. Existing and/or approved development in the Airport Area, which has not already paid interim impact fees to the City, will also be required to pay Airport Area and citywide water and wastewater impact fees when it ties into the City’s water and wastewater systems or annexes into the City. Other Financing Options The financial imbalance caused by the need to fund the majority of infrastructure costs upfront while development in the Airport area is expected to occur over a thirty-year period poses a challenging situation for the City. Several options are available to the City to address these funding shortfalls. The City will, on a case by case basis, review the funding shortfall as it occurs and determine the appropriate solution at that time. Several funding options available to the City are discussed below. Forming one or more community facilities districts in the Airport Area will provide upfront funding for infrastructure facilities in the initial stages of development when much of this is needed. A CFD could incorporate all the undeveloped Airport Area or simply portions of the Airport Area, such as the properties on the east or west side of the Airport Area. The CFD(s) could be formed when properties in the Airport Area are ready to develop and could finance facilities that would otherwise be funded through Airport area impact fees. Another potential funding option would be to impose, as a condition of development, a requirement that a developer construct a required facility and then receive credits in the amount of the construction cost. The developer could then apply these credits against required development impact fees. This approach is used frequently by public agencies when facilities are needed before development can proceed. A third option would be to delay construction of infrastructure until the required fee revenues or other funding are collected. This approach, however, may not be feasible in many cases. The City could also provide the necessary funding and then get reimbursed as impact fee revenue is collected. This could be accomplished by borrowing from other City capital improvement funds and then repaying, with interest, the fund when impact fee revenues are collected from the Airport area. 8.5.2 IMPACT FEE ANALYSIS Airport Area Table 8.7 illustrates the Airport area impact fees without the incorporation of a CFD. Citywide impact fees will also be imposed on future development in the Airport Area. With formation of a CFD, the annual tax would replace all or a portion of the Airport area impact fees. The City has established a separate facilities account for the Airport Area in order to pool the separate Airport Area Specific Plan impact fees. The City will still be required to justify the separate impact fee components within the consolidated Airport Area Specific Plan impact fee as required by the Mitigation Fee Act, also known as AB 1600. The impact fees presented in this PFFP are subject to change as cost estimates and assumptions are refined, or if the City makes policy decisions that affect the plan. FINANCING | 8-13 8.6 IMPLEMENTATION AND ADMINISTRATION The Airport area is anticipated to build out over an extended period. During this time, there are likely to be changes in land use plans, facility standards and design, cost estimates, and other assumptions that are incorporated in this financing plan. The PFFP and City finance policies are designed to accommodate such changes, while maintaining the security of bond holders. The impact fee component of the PFFP will be put into effect by adoption of a fee ordinance by the City Council. Pursuant to this ordinance, fees will be collected by the City, deposited into the designated account(s), and used to fund improvements in the Airport area. In addition, a Mello-Roos Community Facilities District could be formed to provide a mechanism for debt issuance to generate lump-sum funding for facilities in the first phase of development and potentially later phases. Following is a brief summary of certain tasks that will be required to implement the PFFP. 8.6.1 UPDATES AND REVISIONS The PFFP should be updated each time there is a significant change in facility plans, land use plans, or infrastructure cost estimates. When these items are revised, there will be a corresponding change in the fair-share cost allocation to each type of land use anticipated within the Airport area. The Airport area specific plan impact fees must also be adjusted to maintain a nexus between facilities being funded and land uses paying such fees. 8.6.2 INDIVIDUAL PROJECT APPLICATIONS AND DEVELOPER REIMBURSEMENTS When an individual project is submitted to the City for processing and approval, the facilities required to serve that project must be identified. Due to the incremental nature of public facility phasing, it is likely that certain projects will be required to oversize improvements due to the location of development or to accommodate future needs. Improvements contained in the AASP PFFP may be eligible for reimbursement. By comparing the project’s assigned fair share of facility costs to the costs of improvements required to allow the project to proceed, the City will be able to calculate an equitable reimbursement to the developer paying for oversized improvements. The City will likely enter into an agreement with the developer to effect such a reimbursement through pass-through of future impact fees received. 8.6.3 ACTION ITEMS FOR THE CITY The City will need to adopt a fee ordinance or resolution implementing the revised fees. The ordinance will reflect fees based on the information provided in this PFFP. Fees may be adjusted in future years to reflect actual costs, updated infrastructure cost estimates, changes in the amount of property anticipated to develop, and other factors. In addition to specific fees for the Airport Area, the Airport area will be subject to citywide fees as well as fees levied by other public agencies. Pursuant to section 66006 of the Government Code, the City will establish a capital facility account(s) for collected fees. Establishment of this account(s) will prevent commingling of the fees with other City revenues and funds. Interest income earned by fee revenues in these accounts will be deposited in the accounts and applied to facility construction costs. Within one hundred eighty days of the close of each fiscal year, the City will make information pertaining to each account [as required by Section 66006 (b)(1)] available to the public and will review this information at a regularly scheduled public hearing. Debt financing is an option to close funding gaps created by the fee program. Development on certain properties in the Airport area cannot begin until certain backbone facilities are funded and constructed. 8-14 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN FINANCING | 8-15 Table 8.7 AIRPORT AREA IMPACT FEES Table 8.6 Airport Area Specific Plan Public Facilities Financing Plan 8-16 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Table 8.6 Airport Area Specific Plan Public Facilities Financing Plan FINANCING | 8-17 Table 8.7 AIRPORT AREA IMPACT FEES IMPLEMENTATION | 9-1 9.0 IMPLEMENTATION Each ‘layer’ of understanding informs the planning response. 9.1 ANNEXATION Portions of the Airport Area that are not within the City limits at the time this Specific Plan is adopted will then become eligible for annexation. Although the City prefers to annex the entire area at once, it is recognized that some properties will not be annexed in the early phase. Specifically, the City and County agree that the airport will remain outside of the City until is advantageous for both the City and County to have the facility annexed. To encourage early annexation of other properties, the City will pay the annexation fees for the first phase of annexation. Detailed requirements for providing public facilities are expected to be covered in annexation agreements between the City and property owners. 9.2 ZONING The Airport Area will be zoned consistent with this Specific Plan, using City zone categories in combination with the “SP” overlay. City zoning designations will take effect upon annexation. Precise zone boundaries may be adjusted, subject to approval by the Community Development Director, to reflect subdivision maps as they are approved. 9.3 SUBDIVISION The precise location of streets and utilities and the precise boundaries of development sites will be determined as subdivision 9-2 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN maps are approved. There may be a sequence of subdivision maps, as first large sections of the planning area and then groups of individual lots are made available for individual ownership a nd development. Avigation easements for the benefit of the County airport, providing notice to all future buyers of parcels, will be recorded concurrently with subdivision final maps. 9.4 ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW Consistent with required citywide procedures, commercial, industrial, institutional, and multi family residential construction will be subject to architectural review. For projects subject to architectural review, the “minor or incidental” procedure should be used for those projects meeting this Specific Plan’s design standards. 9.5 BUILDING PERMITS The City building permit process of plan-check, inspection, and occupancy release will typically be the final and most detailed step in City review of private site development. 9.6 PUBLIC FACILITIES FINANCING Chapter 8 summarizes the projected costs for major infrastructure improvements that will be required to serve buildout of the Airport Area, and identifies funding mechanisms for each. In addition to the identified costs, other standard City fees for citywide services will also apply to new Airport area development. Area-wide public services such as police, fire, and street maintenance will be supported by general revenues from the community, including the Airport Area as it develops. Some services, such as recreation and development review, will be funded at least in part by user fees, which are charged without respect to the user’s location within the city. The City may charge fees at the time of building permit issuance to reimburse the cost of preparing this Specific Plan and its associated environmental review. Development within the Airport Area will be supported by public facilities located in the area, and by the extended systems that exist or will be developed for the whole city. Facilities such as local streets and utility lines will be installed by developers of the area and dedicated to the City. Facilities serving the whole City, such as new water supplies or transit centers, will be funded by development impact fees that apply uniformly throughout the City. Those fees are typically paid as building permits are obtained. Some major facilities that benefit the Airport Area in particular, but which also have benefits for a larger area, will be paid for by a combination of special charges that apply within the Airport Area and more broadly based sources. The special charges may be in the form of impact fees paid when building permits are obtained or assessments on parcels within the Airport Area. It is common for some major public facilities to be provided before all the development that will benefit from them is completed. This approach is necessary to create reliable, integrated systems, to avoid disruption from recurring construction activity, and to deal with economical increments of capacity. This approach requires that the cost of the facility be paid when it is built, even though the initial developer (either public or private) does not have sufficient cash reserves at the time. To pay for construction, funds are borrowed and repaid with the stream of revenue from future assessments or fees. A wide range of mechanisms, involving both private and government debt, are available to fund this approach. Some debt financing methods are particularly sensitive to development occurring on an anticipated schedule, even though the timing of construction is difficult to predict. This Specific Plan outlines possible public facility funding methods. These methods were seen as the best alternatives when this Specific Plan was adopted. Other methods may appear to be preferable as subdivision and development proceed. To the extent that City approval is required to establish funding methods, the City Council may approve alternatives without amending this plan. IMPLEMENTATION | 9-3 The amounts of development and the extent of land dedication and public facilities are not equal for each ownership that existed when this Specific Plan was prepared. Therefore, the financing mechanisms will be structured to achieve equity among the owners. Chapter 8 summarizes the projected costs and the recommended methods of paying for public facilities. 9.7 INTERPRETATION AND AMENDMENT Implementation of this Specific Plan is expected to occur over several years. During that time, questions may arise which the plan does not completely answer. Also, there may be desires to develop some features differently from original proposals. Interpretations are judgments that apply the stated intent of this plan to specific situations. Interpretations generally are limited to details where the features of this plan may appear to provide different guidance from each other, or from other adopted City policies or the requirements of other agencies. They may be needed when the City is considering a discretionary development application, such as a subdivision map, or a ministerial application, such as a building permit. The person or body with approval authority for the application makes the interpretation. In the case of ministerial development applications, this is the Community Development Director. In making such an interpretation, the Community Development Director will consult with any other affected City departments. Decisions involving City facilities may be within the authority of the Public Works Director or the Utilities Director, who likewise would make the interpretation after consulting with any other affected departments. Interpretations for discretionary applications are made by the Community Development Director, the Architectural Review Commission, the Planning Commission, or the City Council, depending on the type of application. These types of decisions are subject to appeal, from staff to commissions, and from commissions to the City Council. Adjustments are minor changes to precise features of the plan, where the resulting difference in development type or capacity is not significant and the change is clearly consistent with the intent of the Specific Plan. The City anticipates that zoning boundaries, and street locations, may be adjusted through approval of subdivision maps. All adjustments are to be reviewed and approved by the Community Development Director. Amendments are changes to features of the plan involving differences in development type or capacity (including public facilities). Amendments usually involve a question of consistency with the original intent of the Specific Plan, or with the General Plan. Amendments require a hearing and recommendation by the Planning Commission, and action by the City Council. 9.8 ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW Nearly all actions to implement this Specific Plan (excluding financing mechanisms) are subject to environmental determinations by the City. For projects that are consistent with this Specific Plan, the environmental determination is expected to be that the project is “categorically exempt” due to its type or size, or that further environmental review is not needed because the Environmental Impact Report for the Specific Plan has adequately addressed all environmental issues. Further environmental review would be required for a project within the Specific Plan area only if, (a) it involves an amendment to the Specific Plan, (b) a previously unknown environmental resource or hazard is discovered on the site, or (c) citywide conditions have changed substantially since the certification of the Environmental Impact Report. Regardless of whether or not a project is subject to further environmental review, all of the mitigation measures from the Final EIR must be implemented. Most of these mitigation measures have been incorporated into the Specific Plan, however, Appendix A includes several mitigation measures that are not located anywhere else and must be implemented as part of the development review process. 9-4 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN 9.9 CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMMING AND BUDGET The City will own and operate several public facilities in the Airport Area. Streets, sewer system, water distribution system, bikeways and transit facilities are examples of facilities that are operated for the benefit of the public. This specific plan identifies various existing and proposed public facilities that will be needed to service the planned development of the area. This specific plan, and the various infrastructure master plans created to support it, will be used as a resource document and referred to in the preparation of the City’s budget and Capital Improvements Program. The City’s Financial Plan spells out how the City’s funds are obtained and spent. The City’s Capital Improvement Program (CIP) lists the public improvements, facilities and equipment which the City plans to construct or install. The Planning Commission reviews the CIP for conformity with the General Plan. The City Council approves the City’s Financial Plan. Appendix A: Required Mitigation Measures The mitigation measures listed on the following pages are required, subject to review and approval of the City of San Luis Obispo Community Development Director and Natural Resources Manager, and other agencies with monitoring authority as noted. This page intentionally left blank REQUIRED MITIGATION MEASURES | A-3 Mitigation Measures Founding Source Implementation Party Monitoring Agency Timing BIO-1.1: Conduct Surveys for Wetland Resources, Sensitive Natural Communities, and Special-Status Species. Applications for subdivisions and development in grassland areas must include the result of the following surveys and studies:  surveys and mapping of special-status plants identified in Table 3C-4 during the appropriate identification periods;  surveys and mapping of special-status wildlife identified in Table 3C-5 during the appropriate seasons;  mapping and quantification of valley needlegrass grassland inclusions;  delineation and quantification of waters of the United States, including wetlands, using the Corps' 1987 wetland delineation manual (Environmental Laboratory 1987 );  identification of special-status species and species of local concern as identified in the (forthcoming) Conservation Element; and  mapping and quantification of habitat loss. For areas of annual grassland that are determined to contain no special -status species, inclusions of valley needlegrass grassland, or seasonal wetland, no further mitigation is required. If sensitive resources are identified, please refer to the mitigation measures below to avoid, minimize, or compensate for significant impacts on these resources. This is not intended to limit other measures that the City may take regarding nonlis ted species. Project proponent Project proponent Corps, USFWS, DFG, City of San Luis Obispo Before any ground- disturbing activities BIO-2.1: Avoid and Minimize Impacts on Valley Needlegrass Grassland. After areas of valley needlegrass grassland are map ped and quantified (Mitigation Measure BI0- 1.1), the following steps shall be implemented in order of preference:  Avoid stands of valley needlegrass grassland whenever possible; this may be achieved by setting aside areas that contain significant stands of valley needlegrass grassland as ecological buffers or nature preserves.  Minimize impacts on valley needlegrass grassland in areas that cannot be avoided completely; this may be achieved by placing orange construction barrier fencing or stakes and flags around the perimeter of needlegrass grassland stands and by restricting the operation of heavy equipment and other construction-related activities to the outside of these exclusion zones.  Compensate for unavoidable loses of valley needlegrass grassland with replacement plantings at an alternative mitigation site. The project proponent should develop a mitigation and monitoring plan in coordination with DFG chat specifies replacement ratios success criteria, monitoring and reporting needs , and remediation measures. Replacement plantings should be placed adjacent to existing preserved stands to encourage natural regeneration, ensure future preservation, and create enhanced habitat values. Project proponent Project proponent DFG, City of San Luis Obispo Complete surveys, mapping, and mitigation plan before construction; implement replacement planting concurrent with construction; monitor report,and implement remediation plantings as specified in mitigation and monitoring plan A-4 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Mitigation Measures Founding Source Implementation Party Monitoring Agency Timing BIO-6.1: Avoid and Minimize Impacts on Wetland Habitat. To avoid and minimize impacts to freshwater marsh and other wetland habitats, the project proponent will do all of the following:  obtain a qualified wetland ecologist to conduct a delineation of waters of the United States, including wetlands, at the project site;  obtain verification of the delineation from the Corps;  avoid identified waters of the United States and wetlands during project design to the extent possible and establish a buffer zone around jurisd ictional features to be preserved;  obtain a permit from the Corps for any unavoidable "fill" of wetlands or other waters of the United States; and  develop and implement a mitigation and monitoring plan in coordination with the agencies to compensate for losses and to ensure no net loss of wetland habitat functions and values. Project proponent Project proponent Corps, City of San Luis Obispo Before any ground- disturbing activities BIO-8.1: Avoid Temporary Disturbance to Riparian Woodland and Scrub by Complying with DFG and City General Plan Guidelines and Specific Plan requirements for Setbacks Regarding Riparian Corridors. The project proponent will do all of the following:  retain a qualified biologist to identify and map riparian woodland and scrub in the project area;  establish a buffer zone around the edge of the riparian habitat at a distance to be determined in cooperation with DFG and the City by installing orange construction fencing or poles and flags; and  restrict construction activities to the outside of the fenced buffer zone. Project proponent Project proponent DFG, City of San Luis Obispo Before any ground- disturbing activities BIO-9.1: Avoid or Minimize Impacts on Special-Status Plant Species. To avoid or minimize impacts on special-status plant species, the project proponent will do all of the following:  Whenever possible, set aside as nature preserve areas known to support large populations of special-status plants  Ensure that a qualified botanist conducts surveys for special -status plant species in all portions of the planning area at the appropriate time when plants are clearly identifiable. The botanist should document and map encountered populations.  avoid or minimize impacts on special-status plant populations to the extent possible. Compensate for the unavoidable loss or disturbance of special -status plant species. Compensate shall be implemented under a mitigation plan developed in conjunction with DFG and USFWS. The requirements for a mitigation plan will depend on the species affected by the project and the extent of impact on the populations. Mitigation shall be implemented onsite whenever possible. Possible mitigation locations (but not required Project proponent Project proponent DFG, USFWS, City of San Luis Obispo Before any ground- disturbing activities REQUIRED MITIGATION MEASURES | A-5 Mitigation Measures Founding Source Implementation Party Monitoring Agency Timing locations) for Congdon’s tarplant include those areas of the Unocal site set aside as Open Space BIO-12.1: Avoid or Minimize Impacts on Non-Listed, Special-Status Wildlife Species. To avoid or minimize impacts on non-listed, special-status wildlife species (Table 3C-5 ), the project proponent will do all of the following:  Ensure that a qualified biologist conducts surveys for non-listed special-status wildlife species in all portions of the planning area at the appropriate time f or each species. The biologist should document and map encountered individuals.  Avoid or minimize impacts on non-listed special-status wildlife populations and individuals to the extent possible.  Ensure that a qualified biologist conducts protocol-level surveys for burrowing owls and, if presence is confirmed, develops a mitigation plan following DFG guidelines.  Surveys would be conducted at suitable breeding habitat for nesting tricolored blackbirds before construction begins. Surveys would be conducted 2-3 times during the nesting season (April 1-July 15). If nesting tricolored blackbirds are found, the project proponent shall avoid impacts on the species by one of two methods: avoiding construction within 500 feet of an active nesting colony during the nesting season or constructing the interceptor during the nonbreeding season July 15-March 31). Barrier fencing would be used to establish buffer zones around the active colonies. Removal of suitable breeding habitat should also be minimized through the project design. If nesting habitat is unoccupied, construction in the area could occur at any time; however, removal of suitable breeding habitat should be minimized.  Compensate for the unavoidable loss or disturbance of non-listed special-status wildlife species. Compensation shall be implemented under a mitigation plan developed in conjunction with DIG and USFWS. The requirements for a mitigation plan will depend on the species affected by the project and the extent of impacts on the populations. Mitigation shall be implemented onsite whenever possible. Project proponent Project proponent DFG, USFWS, City of San Luis Obispo Before any ground- disturbing activities BIO-13.1: Avoid Potential Direct Mortality and Loss of California Red-Legged Frogs.  Prior to the initial site investigation and subsequent ground disturbing activities, a qualified biologist will instruct all project personnel in worker awareness training, including recognition of California red-legged frogs and their habitat.  A qualified biologist will conduct pre-construction surveys within the project area no earlier than 2 days before ground-disturbing activities.  No activities shall occur after October 15 or the onset of the rainy season, whichever occurs first, until May 1 except for during periods greater than 72 hours without precipitation. Activities can only resume after site inspection by a qualified biologist. The rainy season is defined as: a frontal system that results in Project proponent Project proponent DFG, USFWS, City of San Luis Obispo Before any ground- disturbing activities A-6 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Mitigation Measures Founding Source Implementation Party Monitoring Agency Timing depositing 0.25 inches or more of precipitation in one event.  Vehicles to and from the project site will be confined to existing roadways to minimize disturbance of habitat.  Prior to movement of a backhoe in the project area, a qualified biologist will make sure the route is clear of California red-legged frogs.  If a California red-legged frog is encountered during excavations, or any project activities, activities will cease until the frog is removed and relocated by a USFWS-approved biologist. Any incidental take will be reported to the USFWS immediately by telephone at (916) 414-6600.  If suitable wetland habitat is disturbed or removed, the project proponent will restore the suitable habitat back to its original value by covering bare areas with mulch and revegetating all cleared areas with wetland species that are currently found in the project area. BIO-14.1: Compensate for Direct and Indirect Impacts on Vernal Pool and Seasonal Wetland Vernal Pool Fairy Shrimp and California Tiger Salamander Habitat. If vernal pool fairy shrimp or tiger salamander habitat is present and cannot be avoided, the project proponent will compensate for direct and indirect effects on the habitat. The project proponent will conduct an onsite visit with USFWS and DFG to determine whether potential vernal pools or seasonal wetlands in the Airport and Margarita areas are suitable fairy shrimp and tiger salamander habitat. If there is no suitable fairy shrimp and tiger salamander habitat, no additional mitigation is needed. If there is suitable habitat, the project proponent can assume that it is occupied and mitigate the loss of habitat, or can retain a qualified biologist to conduct USFWS protocol-level surveys and determine presence or absence. These surveys typically require two seasons of surveys during the winter wet season; therefore, most project proponents assume presence and mitigate the loss of fairy shrimp and tiger salamander habitat. This compensation wil l be achieved by implementing the following measures, as described in the programmatic agreement between USFWS and the Corps:  Create suitable fairy shrimp habitat (i.e., vernal pools or other suitable seasonal wetlands) at a 1:1 ratio or other ratio approved by the USFWS. The habitat must be created at a location approved by USFWS.  Preserve suitable fairy shrimp habitat at a 2:1 ratio or other ratio approved by the USFWS. The habitat must be preserved at a location approved by USFWS.  Before construction starts, the project proponent will obtain authorization from USFWS to take listed fairy shrimp species that would be affected by the project. A biological opinion under the federal ESA may be needed from USFWS before construction begins. This is not intended to limit mitigation should USFWS and the Corps require a different approach. Project proponent Project proponent DFG, USFWS, City of San Luis Obispo Before any ground- disturbing activities REQUIRED MITIGATION MEASURES | A-7 Mitigation Measures Founding Source Implementation Party Monitoring Agency Timing BIO-16.1: Conduct Protocol-Level Surveys for Least Bell's Vireo. If the species or appropriate habitat is present, then the project proponent will implement Mitigation Measure BIO-16.2. Project proponent Project proponent DFG, USFWS, City of San Luis Obispo Before any ground- disturbing activities BIO-16.2: Avoid Potential Direct Mortality and Loss of Least Bell's Vireo. The project proponent will consult with USFWS and DFG and possibly conduct a site visit with these agencies to develop measures to avoid and minimize potential impacts on this species along the stream in the Airport and Margarita areas. If potential impacts on least Bell's vireos can be avoided, no additional mitigation is needed. If potential impacts on the least Bell's vireo cannot be avoided, the project proponent will implement Mitigation Measu re BIO-16.3 Project proponent Project proponent DFG, USFWS, City of San Luis Obispo Before any ground- disturbing activities BIO-16.3: Develop and Implement a Least Bell's Vireo Mitigation Plan. If potential impacts on the least Bell's vireo cannot be avoided along the creeks in the Airport area in the planning area, the project proponent will prepare and implement a mitigation plan and obtain the appropriate federal ESA permits, if necessary. The project proponent will consult with USFWS and DFG to determine whether additional mitigation is needed, and USFWS will assist the project proponent in determining whether incidental take authorization under the federal ESA is needed. The plan will need to include measures that would avoid and minimize impacts on the least Bell's vireo and additional habitat creation, enhancement, and management in the planning area. Project proponent Project proponent DFG, USFWS, City of San Luis Obispo Before any ground- disturbing activities BIO-17.1: Avoid Potential Direct Mortality and Loss of Southwestern Pond Turtle. The project proponent will consult with USFWS and DFG and possibly conduct a site visit with these agencies to develop measures to avoid and minimize potential impacts on this species along the stream and wetl ands (including ponds) in the Airport and Margarita areas. If potential impacts on the southwestern pond turtle can be avoided, no additional mitigation is needed. If potential impacts on the southwestern pond turtle cannot be avoided, the project proponent will implement Mitigation Measure BIO-17.2. Project proponent Project proponent DFG, USFWS, City of San Luis Obispo Before any ground- disturbing activities AIR-1.1: Implement Construction-Related Combustion Emissions Mitigation. NOx emissions will be the controlling factor in determining the application of control strategies for construction-related, combustion-related emissions. Any project requiring grading of >1,950 cubic yards/day or >50,000 cubic yards within a 3 -month period will need to apply Best Available Control Technology for construction equipment combustion controls. Projects requiring >125,000 cubic yards of grading in a 3-month period will need to apply CBACT plus offsets and/or other mitigation. Examples of CBACT can be found in the San Luis Obispo APCD CEQA Air Quality Handbook. If impacts are still significant after application of CBACT, the following additional measures shall be implemented as necessary:  use Caterpillar pre-chamber diesel engines (or equivalent), proper ly maintained and operated to reduce emissions ofNOx;  use electrically powered equipment where feasible;  maintain equipment in tune per manufacturer's specifications, except as Project proponent Project proponent City of San Luis Obispo; San Luis Obispo APCD During construction A-8 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Mitigation Measures Founding Source Implementation Party Monitoring Agency Timing otherwise required above;  install catalytic converters on gasoline-powered equipment;  substitute gasoline-powered equipment for diesel-powered equipment, where feasible;  implement activity management techniques as described below; and  use compressed natural gas- or propane-powered portable equipment (e.g., compressors, generators, etc.) onsite instead of diesel-powered equipment, where feasible. AIR-1.2: Implement Construction-Related Fugitive Dust (PM10) Mitigation. Any project with a grading area greater than 1.6 hectares (4.0 acres) of continuously worked area will exceed the 2.5 ton PM10 quarterly threshold and will require the following mitigation measures where applicable. Proper implementation of these measures shall be assumed to achieve a SO% reduction in fugitive dust emissions. The use of soil binders on completed cut-and-fill areas has the potential to reduce fugitive dust emissions by 80%.  Reduce the amount of the disturbed area where possible.  Use water trucks or sprinkler systems in sufficient quantities to prevent airborne dust from leaving the site; increased watering frequency would be required whenever wind speeds exceed 15 miles per hour (mph) ; reclaimed (nonpotable) water should be used whenever possible.  Spray all dirt stockpile areas daily as needed.  Implement permanent dust control measures identified in the approved project revegetation and landscape plans as soon as possible following completion of any soil-disturbing activities.  Sow exposed ground areas that are planned to be reworked at dates occurring 1 month after initial grading with a quickly germinating native grass seed and water until vegetation is established.  Stabilize all disturbed soil areas that are not subject to revegetation using approved chemical soil binders, jute netting, or other methods approved in advance by the APCD.  Complete paving of all roadways, driveways, sidewalks, etc. that are to be paved as soon as possible; lay building pads as soon as possible after grading unless seeding or soil binders are used.  Limit vehicle speeds for all construction vehicles to a maximum of 15 mph on any unpaved surface at the construction site.  Cover all trucks hauling dirt, sand, soil, or other loose materials or maintain at least 2 feet of freeboard (minimum vertical distance between top and load trop of (trailer) in accordance with CVC Section 23114; this measure has the potential to reduce PM10 emissions by 7-14%.  Install wheel washers where vehicles enter and exit unpaved roads onto stree ts, Project proponent Project proponent City of San Luis Obispo; San Luis Obispo APCD During construction REQUIRED MITIGATION MEASURES | A-9 Mitigation Measures Founding Source Implementation Party Monitoring Agency Timing or wash off trucks and equipment leaving the site; this measure has the potential to reduce PM 10 emissions by 40-70%.  Sweep streets at the end of each day if visible soil material is carried onto adjacent paved roads; water sweepers with reclaimed water should be used where feasible; this measure has the potential to reduce PM10 emissions by 25 - 60%. All PM10 mitigation measures required should be shown on grading and building plans. In addition, the contractor or builder should designate a person or pe rsons to monitor the dust control program and to order increased watering, as necessary, to prevent transport of dust offsite. Their duties shall include holidays and weekend periods when work may not be in progress. The name and telephone number of such persons shall be provided to the APCD prior to land use clearance for map recordation and land use clearance for finish grading of the structure. AIR-1.3 Implement Construction-Related Activity Management Techniques.  Develop a comprehensive construction activity management plan designed to minimize the amount of large construction equipment operating during any given time period.  Schedule construction truck trips during non-peak hours to reduce peak hour emissions.  Limit the length of the construction work-day period, if necessary.  Phase construction activities, if appropriate. Project proponent Project proponent City of San Luis Obispo During construction HAZ-1.1: Implement a Construction-Related Hazardous Materials Management Plan. Before beginning construction activities, a project proponent will submit a hazardous materials management plan for construction activities that involve hazardous materials. The plan will discuss proper handling and disposal of materials used or produced onsite, such as petroleum products, concrete, and sanitary waste. The plan will also outline a specific protocol to identify health risks associated with the presence of chemical compounds in the soil and/or groundwater and identify specific protective measures to be followed by the workers entering the work area. If the presence of hazardous materials is suspected or encountered during construction -related activities, the project proponent will implement Mitigation Measure HAZ-1.2. Project proponent Project proponent DTSC, RWQCB, the City of San Luis Obispo Before construction activities HAZ-1.2: Conduct Phase I and Possibly Phase II Environmental Site Assessments to Determine Soil or Groundwater Contamination. The project proponent will complete a Phase I environmental site assessment for each proposed public facility (e.g., streets and buried infrastructure). If Phase I site assessments indicate a potential for soil and/or groundwater contamination within or adjacent to the road or utility alignments, a Phase II site assessment will be completed. The following Phase II environmental site assessments will be prepared specific to soil and/or groundwater contamination.  Soil Contamination. For soil contamination, the Phase II site assessment will include soil sampling and analysis for anticipated contaminating substances. If Project proponent Project proponent City of San Luis Obispo and/or Central Coast RWQCB Before any ground-disturbing activities A-10 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Mitigation Measures Founding Source Implementation Party Monitoring Agency Timing soil contamination is exposed during construction, the San Luis Obispo Fire Department (SLOFD) will be notified and a workplan to characterize and possibly remove contaminated soil will be prepared, submitted, and approved.  Groundwater Contamination. For groundwater contamination, the Phase II assessment may include monitoring well installation, groundwater sampling, and analysis for anticipated contaminating substances. If groundwater contaminated by potentially hazardous materials is expected to be extracted during dewatering, the SLOFD and the Central Coast RWQCB will be notified. A contingency plan to dispose of contaminated groundwater will be developed in agreement with the SLOFD and Central Coast RWQCB before activities. HAZ-2.1: Implement an Operations-Related Hazardous Materials Management Plan. The project proponent will ensure that a hazardous materials management plan for operations-related activities is established and addresses the delivery, use, manufacture, and storage of various chemicals. The plan will identify the proper handling and disposal of materials used or produced onsite, such as petroleum products, concrete, and sanitary waste. In addition, the SLOFD will conduct routine fire and life-safety inspections to determine compliance with applicable health and safety codes. Project proponent Project proponent City of San Luis Obispo Before the City approves a specific site’s development plan CR-1.1: Protect Known and/or Unknown Cultural Resources. The City will ensure that the project proponent implements the following measures before and during development of specific projects proposed under the Airport Area and Margarita Area Specific Plans and the related facility master plans. Specific measures include the following:  Conduct Surveys of Unsurveyed Areas. Before implementing project activities, pedestrian surveys will be conducted to locate and record cultural resources.  Evaluate Resources within the Project Areas. Resources in the planning areas that cannot be avoided will be evaluated. Additional research and test excavations, where appropriate, will be undertaken to determine whether the resource(s) meets CEQA or NRHP significance criteria. Impacts on significant resources that cannot be avoided will be mitigated in consultation with the lead agency for the project. Possible mitigation measures include: - a data recovery program consisting of archaeological excavation to retrieve the important data from archaeological sites; - development and implementation of public interpretation plans for both prehistoric and historic sites; - preservation, rehabilitation, restoration, or reconstruction of historic structures according to the Secretary of Interior Standards for Treatment of Historic Properties; - construction of new structures in a manner consistent with the historic character of the region; and Project proponent Project proponent City of San Luis Obispo Before and during construction REQUIRED MITIGATION MEASURES | A-11 Mitigation Measures Founding Source Implementation Party Monitoring Agency Timing - treatment of historic landscapes according to the Secretary of Interior - Standards for Treatment of Historic Landscapes. If the project involves a federal agency, and is therefore subject to an MOA, the inventory, evaluation, and treatment processes will be coordinated with that federal agency to ensure that the work conducted will also comply with Section 106 of the NHPA. A-12 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Appendix A Part 2: Mitigation Measures adopted by the Chevron Project Final EIR The following mitigation measures were adopted by the Chevron Remediation and Development Project Final EIR, January 2014. Only those mitigation measures associated with future development are provided in this appendix. Mitigation measures associated with the Remediation Project may be found in the complete version of the Chevron Remediation and Development project FEIR available at the City’s Community Development Department or on the City’s website. REQUIRED MITIGATION MEASURES | A-1 Mitigation Measures Adopted by the Chevron Project Final EIR for the “City Development” *Remediation project mitigation measures are not included in this chart and can be found in the Chevron Final EIR document Mitigation Measure Responsibility Method Timing AIR QUALITY AQ-6a Prior to issuance of applicable construction permits, the Applicant shall implement the following mitigation measures to reduce area source emissions, where applicable. a. Increase walls and attic insulation by 20 percent above what is required by the 2008 Title 24 requirements. b. Shade tree planting along southern exposures of buildings to reduce summer cooling needs. c. Shade tree planting in parking lots to reduce evaporative emissions from parked vehicles. d. Use built-in energy efficient appliances, where applicable. e. Orient buildings toward streets with convenient pedestrian and transit access. f. Use double-paned windows. g. Use low-energy parking lot and streetlights. (e.g., sodium) h. Use energy efficient interior lighting. i. Incorporate energy efficient skylights into roof plan (i.e., should meet the EPA/DOE Energy Star® rating). j. Install High efficiency or gas space heating. k. Install door sweeps and weather stripping if more efficient doors and windows are not available. Development and SLO APCD Review of Plan Documents Prior to Construction AQ-5: Prior to issuance of applicable grading permit, the Applicant shall provide satisfactory evidence that a SLO APCD-approved Construction Activity Management Plan (CAMP) has been prepared that addresses fugitive dust emissions. The Plan shall include requirements in the SLOAPCD CEQA Handbook. Fugitive dust mitigation measures in the plan shall include a combination of the following, as approved by the SLOAPCD: a. Reduce the amount of the disturbed area where possible. b. Use of water trucks or sprinkler systems in sufficient quantities to prevent airborne dust from leaving the site. An adequate water supply source must be identified. SLO APCD and Development applicants Review of Plan Documents Prior to issuance of grading permit A-2 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Mitigation Measures Adopted by the Chevron Project Final EIR for the “City Development” *Remediation project mitigation measures are not included in this chart and can be found in the Chevron Final EIR document Mitigation Measure Responsibility Method Timing Increased watering frequency would be required whenever wind speeds exceed 15 mph. Reclaimed (non-potable) water should be used whenever possible. c. All dirt stockpile areas should be spra yed daily as needed, covered, or a SLO APCD approved alternative method will be used. (90 percent reduction). d. Permanent dust control measures identified in the approved Project re-vegetation and landscape plans should be implemented as soon as possible following completion of any soil disturbing activities. e. Exposed ground areas that will be reworked at dates greater than one month after initial grading should be sown with a fast-germinating noninvasive grass seed and watered until vegetation is established, unless other dust and erosion control measures are specified in the agency-approved Dust Control Plan. f. All disturbed soil areas not subject to revegetation should be stabilized using approved chemical soil binders, jute netting, or other methods approved in advance by the SLO APCD. g. All roadways, driveways, sidewalks, etc. to be paved should be completed as soon as possible. In addition, building pads should be laid as soon as possible after grading unless seeding or soil binders are used. h. Vehicle speed for all construction vehicles shall not exceed 15 mph on any unpaved surface at the construction site. All trucks hauling dirt, sand, soil, or other loose materials are to be covered or should maintain at least 2 feet of freeboard (minimum vertical distance between top of load and top of trailer) in accordance with CVC Section 23114. i. Install wheel washers where vehicles enter and exit unpaved roads onto streets, or wash off trucks and equipment leaving the site. j. Sweep streets at the end of each day if vis ible soil material is carried onto adjacent paved roads. Water sweepers with reclaimed water should be used where feasible k. Apply water every 3 hours to disturbed areas within the construction site (61 percent reduction in particulate emissions). l. Application of soil binders to dirt roads shall be applied to achieve at least an 80 percent reduction in fugitive dust emissions. All soil binders used shall be ‘environmentally friendly’ and shall be either lignosulfonate-or calcium lignosulfonate-based approved by the SLOAPCD. All dust control methods, including soil binders, shall be demonstrated in the fugitive dust control plan to ensure compliance with SLOAPCD Rule 401. m. All roadway, driveway, and sidewalk paving should be completed as soon as possible. In addition, building pads should be laid as soon as possible after grading unless seeding or soil binders are used. n. The contractor or builder shall designate a person to monitor the fugitive dust emissions and oversee mitigation measure implementation as per SLO APCD REQUIRED MITIGATION MEASURES | A-3 Mitigation Measures Adopted by the Chevron Project Final EIR for the “City Development” *Remediation project mitigation measures are not included in this chart and can be found in the Chevron Final EIR document Mitigation Measure Responsibility Method Timing approval to minimize dust complaints, reduce visible emissions to less than 20 percent opacity, and to prevent transport of dust off -site. The designated monitor shall carry out these duties on regular workdays, as well as holidays and weekends when work may not be in progress. The name and telephone number of the designated monitor shall be provided to the SLO APCD Compliance Division prior to the start of any grading, earthwork, or demolition. AQ-6b Prior to issuance of applicable construction permits or lease agreement, the Applicant shall implement the following mitigation measures to reduce vehicle emissions. a. Locate electrical vehicle charging station(s) in the parking lots at a ratio required by County or City ordinance or as recommended by APCD. b. In coordination with the City Transit Management, provide transit demand enhancements (i.e., additional stops, shelters, phones) within the Proje ct impact area to meet the increased ridership demand associated with the Project. c. Provide on-site long-and short-term bicycle parking consistent with location and design criteria established by the City’s Bicycle Transportation Plan, with installation and design guidance provided by the City’s Community Design Guidelines. One bicycle parking space for every 10 employees is considered appropriate. d. Provide shower stalls and locker facilities to encourage employees to bike or walk to work. e. The Applicant or lessee shall meet with SLOCOG’s Rideshare Program Coordinator to develop a Trip Reduction Plan to be reviewed and approved by the Public Works Director and APCD. The Trip Reduction Plan shall include the following: 1) A comprehensive Transportation Demand Management program for employees. The TDM may include: (a) private vanpool operation; (b) transit and vanpool fare subsidies; (c) pay parking for employees; (d) provision of subscription bus services; (e) alternative work hours; (f) capital improvements for transit services; (g) reduction of parking fees for carpools and vanpools; (h) Bikeway SLO APCD and Development Applicants Review of Plan Documents Prior to issuance of grading permit A-4 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Mitigation Measures Adopted by the Chevron Project Final EIR for the “City Development” *Remediation project mitigation measures are not included in this chart and can be found in the Chevron Final EIR document Mitigation Measure Responsibility Method Timing linkages to established bicycle routes; and (i) provision of an on-site employee transportation and rideshare coordinator. 2) Preferential carpool and vanpool parking for employees. 3) A lunch-time shuttle to reduce single occupant vehicle trips. 4) On-site facilities for eating and convenience including refrigeration, automatic banking, and other vending for employees. 5) Incentive programs, similar to the County Rideshare Transportation Choices Program, to reduce employee commute trips. Programs should be coordinated with adjacent commercial development with a goal to achieve an Average Vehicle Ridership (AVR) of 1.20 persons per vehicle or greater. 6) The Applicant shall set aside funds equivalent to three month enrollment in Rideshare’s Back ‘N’ Forth Club for 25 percent of all employees (a maximum of $52,230 for this project). This fund shall be managed by APCD through a program similar to the “Flash Pass” used for the San Luis Obispo Home Depot development. If funds are not used for this purpose, they may be used for other incentives that have been included in the approved Trip Reduction Plan. f. The Applicant shall coordinate with the City and APCD to pursue a shared use agreement to use over-supplied parking areas for a potential park -and-ride lot. The park-and-ride lot should be away from building entrances and as close as possible to the parking lot entrance nearest to Tank Farm Road or fronting street. The target number of park-and-ride spaces should be 25. The parking area should be identified with signage and registered with the San Luis Obispo Council of Governments as an official park-and-ride lot. g. Implement on-site circulation design elem ents in parking lots to reduce vehicle queuing and improve the pedestrian and bicycle environment. AQ-6c Prior to issuance of applicable construction permits, if emissions of ROG+NOx with the above mitigations still exceed the thresholds, the Applicant shall secure SLOAPCD approved off-site reductions in ROG+NOx emissions from the SLOAPCD to ensure that ROG+NOx emissions do not exceed the SLOAPCD daily and annual thresholds. SLO APCD and Development Applicants Review of Plan Documents Prior to issuance of grading permit REQUIRED MITIGATION MEASURES | A-5 Mitigation Measures Adopted by the Chevron Project Final EIR for the “City Development” *Remediation project mitigation measures are not included in this chart and can be found in the Chevron Final EIR document Mitigation Measure Responsibility Method Timing AQ-6d Implement a program of periodic wet-vacuum street sweeping in coordination with APCD in order to reduce vehicle-related fugitive dust emissions. SLO APCD and Development Applicants Review of Plan Documents Prior to issuance of grading permit AQ-8 Prior to issuance of applicable construction permits for each phase, the Applicant shall include building efficiency improvements and/or off-site reductions in GHG emissions to ensure that GHG emissions do not exceed the SLOAPCD thresholds. SLO APCD and Development Applicants Review of Plan Documents Prior to issuance of grading permit TRANSPORTATION T-3a Site Access (Northeastern Parcel): Tank Farm Road/Santa Fe Road: Prior to the occupancy of Phase 1 buildings/development, the Applicant shall install a multi-lane roundabout at the new intersection of Tank Farm Road and northern leg of Santa Fe Road accessing the Project Site. This improvement is consistent with the intersection control in the AASP. Also the Applicant shall extend the existing four lane section of Tank Farm Road thru the multilane roundabout. Transit: Prior to the occupancy of Phase 1 buildings/development, the Applicant shall install transit facilities along Tank Farm Road to the satisfaction of the City Public Works Department with direct pedestrian and bicycle connections to buildings on the Project Site. The Applicant shall also work with the City and SLO Transit to ensure that transit service capacity is adequate to serve the projected demand. Bicycle and Pedestrian: Prior to the occupancy of Phase 1 buildings/development, the Applicant shall, at a minimum, install the following bicycle and pedestrian facilities: 1) a continuous Class I multi-use path along the north side of Tank Farm Road, 2) City standard 6.5 foot wide Class II bike lanes on the north and south sides of Tank Farm Road between the east and west boundaries of the entire Project Site along with appropriate transitions to existing Tank Farm Road, 3) a Class I multi-use path between Tank Farm Road and the southern limits of the Project Site connecting to the ‘Avila Ranch’ development project, 4) a Class I multi-use path through the north-west portion of the property (old Chevron Collector street location) with a provision to allow construction of a City sewer connection to the lift station, and 5) a Class I multi - use path through the north-east portion of the site linking the properties to the east to the Tank Farm Road/Santa Fe Road intersection. The precise alignment of these Class I paths shall be subject to the approval of the Community Applicant/City of SLO review Review of Plans Prior to Occupancy of Phase 1 A-6 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Mitigation Measures Adopted by the Chevron Project Final EIR for the “City Development” *Remediation project mitigation measures are not included in this chart and can be found in the Chevron Final EIR document Mitigation Measure Responsibility Method Timing Development and Public Works Directors. T-3b Site Access (Northwestern Parcel): Prior to the occupancy of Phase 1 buildings/ development, the Applicant shall redesign its major access to the northwestern parcel so that it is consolidated with adjacent parcels to minimize the potential for vehicular, bicycle, and pedestrian conflicts and to prevent a break in the median on Tank Farm Road. The recommended consolidated access point is proposed as a part of Tentative Tract Map 3009 and would require coordination with other property owners. Applicant/ City Review Review of Plans Prior to Occupancy of Phase 1 T-4 Prior to issuance of applicable construction permit, the Applicant shall submit a construction traffic management plan that includes a revised phasing plan minimizing the duration of construction. In addition to the components described in mitigation measure T-1a, the plan shall ensure that adjacent sections of infrastructure be modified at the same time to minimize disruption of travel. The plan shall include proposed truck routes that do not use the Los Osos Valley Road interchange. The construction traffic management plan shall be subject to review and approval of the City’s Public Works Department in consultation with County Public Works and Caltrans. Applicant/ City Review Review of Plans Prior to Issuance of applicable construction permit T-5c South Higuera Street and Tank Farm Road – Prior to the occupancy of Phase 1 buildings/development, the Applicant shall participate in their pro -rata share of the design and installation of a second westbound right turn lane with an overlap phase concurrent with the southbound left and a second southbound left turn lane, as determined by the City and the level of impact associated with the contribution of the City Development portions of the Project. Applicant/ City Review Inspection of modification Prior to Occupancy of each phase of development T-5d South Higuera Street and Vachell Lane – Prior to the occupancy of each phase of development, the Applicant shall participate in their pro-rata share of the design and installation of the extension of Buckley Road to South Higuera Street. The AASP impact fee program contains part of the cost associated with the Buckley Road extension, but the impact fee program needs to be updated to reflect new project cost estimates and permitting requirements. Applicant/ City Review Inspection of modification Prior to Occupancy of each phase of development REQUIRED MITIGATION MEASURES | A-7 Mitigation Measures Adopted by the Chevron Project Final EIR for the “City Development” *Remediation project mitigation measures are not included in this chart and can be found in the Chevron Final EIR document Mitigation Measure Responsibility Method Timing T-5e South Higuera Street and Los Osos Valley Road- The applicant shall participate in their pro-rate share of either (1) The right-of-way acquisition, design, and installation a second southbound through lane, second southbound right -turn lane, and an eastbound right turn overlap signal phase concurrent with the northbound left turn; or (2) The extension of Buckley Road to the Los Osos Valley Road interchange (LOVR Bypass). This project is not currently in the City’s Circulation Element and is not contained in any impact fee programs established by the City or County. It is cumulative in nature and the City shall add th is project into the TIF or AASP if the Circulation Element Update identifies it as an appropriate infrastructure improvement. Applicant/ City Review Inspection of modification Prior to Occupancy of each phase of development T-5f Santa Fe Road and Tank Farm Road – Mitigation measure T-3a would also mitigate this cumulative impact. Applicant/ City Review Inspection of modification Prior to Occupancy of phase IV T-5g Broad Street and Tank Farm Road - Prior to the occupancy of each phase of development, the Applicant shall participate in their pro-rata share of the design and installation of a northbound right turn lane, a southbound right turn overlap phase concurrent with the eastbound left, and conversion of the westbound right turn lane to a shared through right turn lane. Applicant/ City Review Inspection of modification Prior to Occupancy of each phase T-5h Broad Street and Buckley Road - Prior to the occupancy of each phase of development, the Applicant shall participate in their pro-rata share of the design and installation of a second northbound through lane and a second southbound through lane. Applicant/ City Review Inspection of modification Prior to Occupancy of each phase T-5i Broad Street and Prado Road – Prior to the occupancy of each phase of development, the Applicant shall participate in their pro-rata share of the design and installation of a second northbound left-turn lane. Applicant/ City Review Inspection of modification Prior to Occupancy of each phase A-8 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Mitigation Measures Adopted by the Chevron Project Final EIR for the “City Development” *Remediation project mitigation measures are not included in this chart and can be found in the Chevron Final EIR document Mitigation Measure Responsibility Method Timing Biological Resources BIO-8a The final restoration plan shall include criteria that would require the restoration of at least a 2:1 replacement ratio (4.14 acres as defined by Padre 2008c) of all “native grasslands” habitat permanently lost in the development elements of the project. Restored native grassland habitat shall meet standards and criteria as defined by the County of San Luis Obispo and CDFW within the proposed restoration of 45.2 acres of forb field habitat. Implementation of the terrestrial habitat restoration shall follow the plan, including locations to be restored, restoration techniques, a schedule of surveys to monitor the rate of recovery, success criteria, and remedial actions if success criteria are not met. Applicant and City and County review San Luis Obispo City and County to review and approve restoration plan and independent biological monitor to conduct regular monitoring Plan approved prior to grading permit issuance and monitoring conducted throughout construction and development phases BIO-8b The function of the restored native grassland habitats shall be monitored. A Long- Term Habitat Management and Evaluation Plan shall be developed and appended to the final restoration plan. The habitat management and evaluation plan shall include methods to determine if the restored areas are meeting success criteria per the approved restoration plan including criteria of plant and wildlife species in restored habitats and to compare such results to pre-Project conditions. The complementary plan shall include surveys to monitor the occurrence of native plants and animals in restored habitats relative to their occurrence in similar habitats prior to remediation and development. Applicant and City and County review San Luis Obispo City and County to review and approve restoration plan and independent biological monitor to conduct Plan approved prior to grading permit issuance and monitoring conducted throughout construction and development phases REQUIRED MITIGATION MEASURES | A-9 Mitigation Measures Adopted by the Chevron Project Final EIR for the “City Development” *Remediation project mitigation measures are not included in this chart and can be found in the Chevron Final EIR document Mitigation Measure Responsibility Method Timing regular monitoring BIO-8c Hikers, pets, and bikers shall be excluded from sensitive habitats within the Project Site. The final SLO City and County-approved restoration plan shall include a fencing plan element with specific details on location, requirements of permanent and seasonal exclusion zones, and type of fencing to ensure that wildlife movement is not restricted. The fencing plan shall include information on placement of signs, educational placards, type of fencing required, method of exclusions, and monitoring and repair of exclusion devices, and shall include, at the least, a description and figure of those areas (i.e., VPFS habitat, vernal pool habitat, riparian habitat, and habitat in the process of being restored) that would require full time exclusion. Applicant and City and County review San Luis Obispo City and County to review and approve restoration plan and independent biological monitor to conduct regular monitoring Plan approved prior to grading permit issuance and monitoring conducted throughout construction and development phases BIO-8d The final restoration plan shall require a 2:1 replacement of the 3.71 acres of USACE Jurisdictional Waters/wetlands, isolated waters/wetlands, and one - parameter wetlands (for a replacement of 7.42 acres) permanently im pacted by the City Development Plan. Implementation of the wetland and habitat restoration shall follow the plan, including locations to be restored, restoration techniques, a schedule of surveys to monitor the rate of recovery, success criteria, and remedial actions if success criteria are not met. Applicant and City and County review San Luis Obispo City and County to review and approve restoration plan and independent biological Plan approved prior to grading permit issuance and monitoring conducted throughout construction and A-10 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Mitigation Measures Adopted by the Chevron Project Final EIR for the “City Development” *Remediation project mitigation measures are not included in this chart and can be found in the Chevron Final EIR document Mitigation Measure Responsibility Method Timing monitor to conduct regular monitoring development phases BIO-9a To reduce impacts to wildlife migration, the Applicant shall include in the approved final restoration plan (MM BIO-1a) landscape designs for planting of native vegetation along the northern portion of the City Development Plan area. The native vegetation landscaping shall be designed to provide wildlife species cover and refuge during migration. The landscaping shall be designed to shield migrating wildlife from human presence, noise, and lighting from residential and recreational activities in the City and County Development Plan footprint. Due to the 2 to 25 year duration of development phase, such planting shall occur on the onset of the development phase. Applicant and City and County review San Luis Obispo City and County to review and approve restoration plan and independent biological monitor to conduct regular monitoring Plan approved prior to grading permit issuance and monitoring conducted throughout construction and development phases BIO-9b To reduce cumulative impacts to wildlife migration the Applicant shall include in the final restoration plan (MM BIO-1a) a fencing plan element with specific details on location and requirements for the purpose of restricting wildlife movement through the development area but allowing movement through the open space areas. Applicant and City and County review San Luis Obispo City and County to review and approve restoration Plan approved prior to grading permit issuance and monitoring REQUIRED MITIGATION MEASURES | A-11 Mitigation Measures Adopted by the Chevron Project Final EIR for the “City Development” *Remediation project mitigation measures are not included in this chart and can be found in the Chevron Final EIR document Mitigation Measure Responsibility Method Timing plan and independent biological monitor to conduct regular monitoring conducted throughout construction and development phases BIO-10 Prior to issuance of applicable grading permit the Appl icant shall submit a lighting plan to the City for approval. All Project lighting shall be designed to shielded spillage of light into adjacent preserved open space areas. Any structural part of the light fixture providing this shielding shall be permanently affixed. Outdoor lighting for buildings shall be restricted to lights required by code for lighting building exteriors and for safety and security needs. The lighting for the ball field shall not be on during period when there are no activities at the f ields. In no case shall the lights at the ball fields be on between the hours of midnight and 7:00 AM. After initial installation of Project lighting, a City-approved biologist shall conduct a field inspection to confirm that the proper lamps have been ins talled and that light spillage into Open Space areas has been minimized to the maximum extent feasible without compromising safety or other critical night - lighting requirements. Applicant and City and County review San Luis Obispo City and County to review and approve restoration plan and independent biological monitor to conduct regular monitoring Plan approved prior to grading permit issuance and monitoring conducted throughout construction and development phases Geological and Soil Resources GR-4a Prior to the issuance of the applicable building permit, the Applicant shall prepare a construction Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP) by a Qualified SWPPP Developer (QSD) certified professional for the development Project for review and approval by the City. The plan shall include features meeting the construction activities best management practices and the Regional Water Quality Control Board Erosion Control Plan/SWPPP and review of engineering drawings in Prior to issuance of applicable building permits A-12 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Mitigation Measures Adopted by the Chevron Project Final EIR for the “City Development” *Remediation project mitigation measures are not included in this chart and can be found in the Chevron Final EIR document Mitigation Measure Responsibility Method Timing applicable provisions of the erosion and sediment control best management practices (ESC-1 through ESC-56) published in the California Storm Water Best Management Practice Handbooks (Construction Activity) and best management practices (CD-4(2)) of the Caltrans Storm Water Quality Handbooks, Construction Contractor's Guide and Specifications, to ensure that every construction site meets the requirements of the regulations during the time of construction. Further, the plan shall ensure compliance with and enrollment under the State Water Board General Construction Permit. GR-4b Prior to the issuance of the applicable building permit, the Applicant shall prepare an Erosion Control Plan and Wet Weather Plan for review and approval by the City of San Luis Obispo. The plan shall detail the best management practices that will be used on the site to control erosion and sedimentation to be implemented during all development activities. The plan shall include at least the following measures unless other erosion control measures are specified in the agency approved SWPPP: a. Graded areas shall be stabilized with riprap (i.e., crushed stone) or other ground cover as soon as grading is completed. The surface of slopes shall be roughened during the construction period to retain water, increase infiltration, and facilitate establishing vegetation. Tracked machinery shall be operated up and down (parallel with) slopes to leave horizontal (perpendicular) depressions in the soil, which run across the slope, on the contour. b. Slope breaks, such as diversions, benches, or contour furrows shall be constructed to reduce the length of cut- and fill-slopes, thus limiting sheet and rill erosion and preventing gully erosion. c. Sediment barriers shall be used around construction areas to retain soil particles on-site and reduce surface runoff velocities during rainfall events. Sediment barriers could include straw bales, silt fences, and gravel and earth berms. Silt fences shall be installed per specification on slope contours in areas where shallow overland flow is anticipated. d. Temporary and permanent drainages shall be employed, as necessary, to reduce slope erosion and prevent damage to construction areas. Sheet flow across or toward a disturbed area shall be intercepted and conveyed to a low to moderate gradient (1 to 5 percent slope) sediment basin, erosion-resistant drainage channel, or a level, well-vegetated area. Drainages would include swales, diversion dikes, and slope drains. conjunction with site inspection REQUIRED MITIGATION MEASURES | A-13 Mitigation Measures Adopted by the Chevron Project Final EIR for the “City Development” *Remediation project mitigation measures are not included in this chart and can be found in the Chevron Final EIR document Mitigation Measure Responsibility Method Timing e. Water bars, rolling dips, and out-sloping roads shall be constructed as part of new road construction to disperse runoff and reduce the erosive forces associated with concentrated flows. GR-5a Expansive soils should be mitigated by the over-excavation and replacement of non-expansive soils for all buildings and structures, as approved by the City of San Luis Obispo. Alternatively, all construction for buildings shall use thickened slabs, extended slab edges, and additional reinforcement to reduce negative impacts from any expansive soil movement. Several equivalent remedial measures may be implemented that are standard construction and mitigation measures. In addition, capillary breaks shall be used under slabs to address the potential for moisture transport and pumping that leads to moisture infiltration as a result of heat and moisture gradients where buildings are sensitive to moisture infiltration. All remedial measures, designs, and calculations shall be prepared by a registered civil engineer, and shall be reviewed and approved by the City prior to issuance of the applicable building permits. GR-5b The Applicant shall use low- to non-expansive soils for slab, trench backfill, and pavement support to eliminate risk, which can be accommodated by importing select materials. Select grading techniques could utilize the granular soils on - site for subsequent use. Alternatively, an equivalent remedial measure to mitigate expansive soils m ay be implemented where the appropriate design and calculations prepared by a registered civil engineer, demonstrate a suitable design, and have been reviewed and approved by the City prior to issuance of the applicable building permits. GR-5c Soils shall be properly compacted as specified by a registered civil engineer. The registered civil engineer should also specify the appropriate soil-water content for expansive soil mitigation. The compaction levels and soil -water content shall be approved by the City prior to issuance of the applicable building permit. GR-7 Prior to the issuance of the applicable building permit, the Applicant shall have a registered civil engineer prepare a geotechnical report based on the proposed development to the magnitude of total and differential settlements and time rates for waiting during construction. The report shall be submitted to the City for review and approval. The report shall discuss the measures that have been taken to ensure that the primary settlement is within a cceptable limits for the proposed development. Acceptable measures could include but are not limited A-14 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Mitigation Measures Adopted by the Chevron Project Final EIR for the “City Development” *Remediation project mitigation measures are not included in this chart and can be found in the Chevron Final EIR document Mitigation Measure Responsibility Method Timing to: a. Surcharging the proposed building sites with fill for a specified time frame. Settlement monuments shall be required to measure the total settlement. T he results of the survey shall be presented to the City for review and approval and should include time rate plots to demonstrate that at least 90 percent (t90) of the primary settlement (or as determined necessary) has occurred before any further construction of structures in the area. b. Partial or complete over-excavation of the clay layers and replacement with gravel drain layer and engineered fill. Settlement monuments shall be required to measure the total settlement. The results of the survey shall be presented to the City for review and approval and should include time rate plots to demonstrate that at least 90 percent (t90) of the primary settlement (or as determined necessary) has occurred before any further construction of structures in the area. c. Support structures on deepened foundations that extend thru the soft or unsuitable layers and derive support from suitable materials. Where necessary, the piles shall be required to be designed to withstand negative friction as necessary. Various foundations schemes will require specific design criteria, but are typical to these types of mitigation measures and should follow custom and practice in the industry. d. Perform in-situ remedial measures, such as sand drains, to accelerate and mitigate the anticipated s ettlements. Various schemes will require specific design criteria, but are typical to these types of mitigation measures and should follow custom and practice in the industry. REQUIRED MITIGATION MEASURES | A-15 Mitigation Measures Adopted by the Chevron Project Final EIR for the “City Development” *Remediation project mitigation measures are not included in this chart and can be found in the Chevron Final EIR document Mitigation Measure Responsibility Method Timing NOISE AND VIBRATION (Section 4.8) N-1a Prior to issuance of applicable grading permit, the Applicant shall ensure that the crushing plant is located at least 1,500 feet away from any residential receptor or an equivalent distance or is treated with some other form of acoustical mitigation (e.g., located within an enclos ure) to ensure noise levels at the closest residential receptor are below 60 dBA. The location of the crushing plant shall be identified on the site plan for the grading permit. If noise reducing measures are applied instead of increased distances, vibration calculations shall be performed to demonstrate that vibration impacts would remain below the applicable thresholds N-1b The Applicant shall ensure that all construction activity at the Project Site (including deliveries and arriving and depart ing workers) is limited to the hours from 7:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m., Monday through Friday, and prohibit activities on Saturdays, Sundays, and federal holidays. If activities outside this timeframe occur, noise monitoring shall be established to demonstrate that applicable noise codes are not exceeded. This shall be a note placed on all construction plans. N-1c Prior to issuance of applicable grading permit, and throughout construction, the Applicant shall ensure that all construction machinery is m aintained according to the manufacturers’ specifications and ensure that mufflers and silencers are maintained properly. Back -up OSHA noise indicators shall be ambient sensitive and self-adjusting to minimize backup indicator noise or flaggers shall be used in the place of backup alarms (as allowed by OSHA) N-5 Prior to issuance of applicable construction permit, the incorporate noise reduction measures into the development design (i.e., extra insulation or thicker walls, window design) for all applicable land uses that would be located within the ALUP noise contours (Tentative Tract Map, Lot 1, 10, 12, 15, 16, 18 and portions of 6 and 14 within the 75 dBA contour and all or most of the remaining plots within the 65 dBA contour). Noise mitigation shall res ult in noise levels being at or below acceptable levels specified in the ALUP. Noise reduction measures shall clearly be identified with construction permit applications. Applicant and City Community Development Review Review of development design documents and contracts with construction workers Prior to issuance of construction permit AESTHETICS AND VISUAL RESOURCES AE-2 Prior to issuance of applicable constructi on permits, the Applicant shall ensure that all development projects are reviewed for consistency with the San Luis Applicant and Community Review of Development Prior to issuance of A-16 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Mitigation Measures Adopted by the Chevron Project Final EIR for the “City Development” *Remediation project mitigation measures are not included in this chart and can be found in the Chevron Final EIR document Mitigation Measure Responsibility Method Timing Obispo County Airport Land Use Plan, the Airport Area Specific Plan design guidelines outlined in Section 5.0 Community Design, and the City’s Community Design Guidelines as part of the City Architectural Review process. Development Review Plans applicable construction permits AE-3 Prior to issuance of applicable construction permits, the Applicant shall submit a lighting plan and lighting operation schedule for review and approval. The lighting plan shall demonstrate that direct views of light sources are shielded from nearby residences. The lighting schedule shall describe the number, location and amounts of lights, and the proposed hours of operation for the entire property. The lighting schedule shall propose the minimum number of lights, level of illumination, and hours of operation allowed by City codes and ordinances, including the City’s Night Sky Ordinance. The approved lighting schedule shall become a required condition of the lease bet ween the property owner and any tenant on the Project Site. Applicant and Community Development Review Review of Development Plans Prior to issuance of applicable construction permits HAZARDS AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS HM-6 Prior to recordation of applicable tract map, the Applicant shall include deed restrictions on development parcels identifying specific limits on trenchi ng activities and procedures for conducting subsurface construction activities. The Applicant shall maintain responsibility for air quality monitoring during any subsurface excavation activities. Applicant and City review County Department of Planning and Building to review and approve deed restrictions in conjunct ion with the City Prior to recordation of applicable tract map HM-8 The Applicant shall include deed restrictions on development parcels limiting on-site storage of AHMs to amounts less than the reportable quantities as currently defined in California Health and Safety Code §2770.5, California Accidental Release Program (CalARP) List of Substances, and California Code of Regulations §5189, Process Safety Management of Acutely Hazardous Materials, Appendix A. Applicant and City review County Department of Planning and Building to review and approve deed Prior to recordation of applicable tract map REQUIRED MITIGATION MEASURES | A-17 Mitigation Measures Adopted by the Chevron Project Final EIR for the “City Development” *Remediation project mitigation measures are not included in this chart and can be found in the Chevron Final EIR document Mitigation Measure Responsibility Method Timing restrictions in conjunct ion with the City PUBLIC SERVICES AND UTILITIES PS/U-5a The Applicant shall deed to the City property at the Project Site that the City could be used for the development of a public Fire Station. Applicant and City of San Luis Obispo Signed deed between applicant and City Prior to occupancy of phase 1 PS/U-5b Development shall only be approved when the City deems that adequate fire suppression services and facilities, consistent with adopted travel time standards, are available, or will be made available concurrent with development at the Project Site. If, at time of development it is determined that the development site is outside of adequate response time zones, feasible options to enhance emergency access to the development sites may include but are not limited to the following: a. Completion of transportation improvements that improve emergency services travel time to proposed development sites. b. Co-location of City fire services with existing Cal Fire facilities located on Broad Street c. Establishment of fire facilities within a closer proximity to the development site that meet or exceed adopted travel time standards. d. Developer/Applicant financing of other improvements that will contribute to alleviating current deficiencies as identified in the SLOFD Master Plan. SLO FD and Community Development Review of Fire services response times Prior to issuance of building construction permits PS/U-7a If additional electrical or natural gas energy infrastructure is required to accommodate the proposed Project, the Applicant would be required to pay a fee to PG&E or SCG respectively, to provide additional service. Applicant/ PG& E or Gas Company Pay a fee to the utility providers to install additional infrastructure if Plan check prior to grading permits A-18 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Mitigation Measures Adopted by the Chevron Project Final EIR for the “City Development” *Remediation project mitigation measures are not included in this chart and can be found in the Chevron Final EIR document Mitigation Measure Responsibility Method Timing necessary PS/U-7b To avoid wasteful use of gasoline or diesel fuel, construction vehicles should be left on-site for the duration of each annual active construction season (as defined by allowed construction timing by the various mitigation measures), and construction vehicles shall be turned off when not in use to avoid idling. Applicant/PG& E or Gas Company Field Verification During Remediation PS/U-7c The Applicant shall comply, to the maximum extent feasible, with all adopted City policies regarding energy consumption such as: a. Incorporating cost-effective, renewable, energy resources into the Project; b. Providing passive features through site design that allows shade to reduce unwanted heat gain, thereby reducing the need to use energy for cooling; and Installation of energy efficient appliances, heat recovery equipment, and building energy management systems. Applicant/PG & E or Gas Company Field Verification Prior to permit issuance PS/U-8a Pursuant to the City of San Luis Obispo’s Ordinance 1381, Chapter 8.05, a Recycling Plan for the City Development Plan to be implemented during construction shall be submitted for approval by the City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, prior to building permit issuance. Throughout construction periods, documentation shall be provided to the City Utilities Department demonstrating compliance with the plan and the City’s Ordinance 1381. The plan shall include strategies to increase recycling of construction materials, and documentation that a minimum of 50 percent of discarded construction materials are diverted from landfills. The plan may consist of the following information: a. The name and contact information of who will be responsible for implementing the recycling plan. b. A brief description of the proposed Project wastes to be generated, including types and estimated quantities of each material to be salvaged, reused, or recycled during the construction phase of this Project. c. Waste sorting/recycling and/or collection areas shall be clearly indicated on the Site Map. d. A description of the means of transportation and destination of recyclable materials and waste, and a description of where recyclable materials and waste will be sorted (whether materials will be site-separated and hauled to Applicant and City Utilities Department Provide recycling information as require to complete the City Utilities Department form for construction and Demolition Recycling Plan and Disposal Report Prior to permit issuance and throughout construction activity periods REQUIRED MITIGATION MEASURES | A-19 Mitigation Measures Adopted by the Chevron Project Final EIR for the “City Development” *Remediation project mitigation measures are not included in this chart and can be found in the Chevron Final EIR document Mitigation Measure Responsibility Method Timing designated recycling or landfill facilities, or whether mixed materials will be removed from the site to be processed at a mixed waste sorting facility). e. The name of the landfill(s) where trash will be disposed of and a projected amount of material that will be landfilled. f. A description of meetings to be held between Applicant and contractor to ensure compliance with the recycling plan. g. A contingency plan shall identify an alternate location to recycle and/or stockpile construction debris in the event of local recycling facilities becoming unable to accept material (for example: all local recycling facilities reaching the maximum tons per day due to a time period of unusually large volume). h. Ongoing documentation by the Contractor submitted with each Building/Zoning Inspection reporting on a quarterly basis. i. Disposal information including quantity of material landfilled, which landfill was used, total landfill tipping fees paid, and copies of weight tickets, manifests, receipts, and invoices. j. Recycle information including quantity of material recycles, receiving party, and copies of weight tickets, manifests, receipts, and invoices. k. Reuse and salvage information including quantities of salvage materials, storage locations if they are to be used on-site, or receiving party if resold/used off-site. PS/U-8b Pursuant to the City of San Luis Obispo’s Source Reduction and Recycling Element to achieve a 50% reduction in solid waste as required by AB 939, the project shall provide a plan for the disposal, storage and collection of solid waste material for the project. The plan shall include provisions for adequate recycling bin capacity as well as timely collection of recyclables. The development of the plan shall be coordinated with the City’s franchised solid waste collection and disposal firm, San Luis Obispo Garbage. PS/U-9 The Development shall connect to the City’s reclaimed water system and shall use reclaimed water for landscape irrigation. A-20 | SAN LUIS OBISPO AIRPORT AREA SPECIFIC PLAN Mitigation Measures Adopted by the Chevron Project Final EIR for the “City Development” *Remediation project mitigation measures are not included in this chart and can be found in the Chevron Final EIR document Mitigation Measure Responsibility Method Timing AGRICULTURE AR-5 The Applicant shall design the development for the Northwest Operations Area such that the buildings are located near the eastern edge of the parcel. This mitigation measure would not apply if the agricultural property adjacent to the Northwest Operations Area has received entitlements from the City to develop the property prior to development of the Northwest Operations Area. Applicant and City Community Development Review of Development Plans Prior to issuance of permits for development in the Northwest Operations Area