HomeMy WebLinkAboutSession 1 ADA Coordinator 6_2_25California Joint Powers Insurance Authority
Disability Awareness
ADA Coordinator Basics
June 2, 2025
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Presenters
Jan Garrett, JD
•Deputy Director of ADA
Programs
Pat Swartz, ADAC
•Lead Technical Assistance
Specialist
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About Pacific ADA Center
Mission:
To provide resources, training, and
support to improve awareness
and understanding of the rights
and responsibilities under the
Americans with Disabilities Act
A member of the ADA National
Network
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What Pacific ADA Center does
We provide:
•Confidential information and
resources on the ADA by phone
and email
•Training
•Conferences
•Resources and referrals
•Website
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We do not:
•Provide advocacy services
•Provide legal advice
•Enforce any laws
•Report contacts to any
enforcement agency
Credit for Presentation Content
Some of the content for this presentation was provided by the
California Network of ADA Coordinators in their New ADA Coordinator
training.
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Disability Awareness, Language &
Etiquette
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How many adults with disabilities
live in the U.S.?
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Disability by the numbers
•According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 27% or 1 in 4
adults in the U.S. have some type of disability.
•Among people with significant disabilities, the percentage of
disabilities that are non-apparent or “invisible” has been estimated as
high as 96%.
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Apparent vs. Non-Apparent
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Apparent Disabilities Non-Apparent Disabilities
Apparent disabilities can cause fear
or pity
Non-apparent disabilities are not
“invisible” to or “hidden” by those
who experience them
People with apparent disabilities
often face accessibility and/or
communication barriers
People with non-apparent
disabilities face attitudinal barriers
when others think they’re faking
Intersectionality of disability with …
In 2017, the CDC found:
•American Indian/Alaska Natives – 3 in 10 identified as having a disability
•Black Americans- 1 in 4 identified as having a disability
•White Americans- 1 in 5 identified as having a disability
•Native Hawaiian/Pacific islander Americans & Latino/Hispanic Americans – 1 in 6 identified as having a disability
•Asian Americans- 1 in 10 identified as having a disability
In 2020, the Human Rights Campaign found:
•LGBTQ+ Americans - 36% identified as having a disability
•Transgender Americans - 52% identified as having a disability
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Disability - Why does it matter?
•Based on the numbers we just learned . . .
•Chances are good that you or someone you know has a disability.
•It is also likely that you will have a disability at some point in your life, even if
you do not have one now.
•People with disabilities deserve an equal opportunity to participate in
everything our society has to offer.
•Having a disability means you may have legal protection from
discrimination.
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Disability Tips
Some general guidelines
for interacting with people
with disabilities
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Disability looks different for everyone
•Don’t generalize all people who may appear to have the same
disabilities or diagnoses.
•“If you’ve met one person with ______, you’ve met one person with
______.”
•That’s why the ADA is a person-by-person, situation-by-situation law.
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Person -first vs Identity-first
•Terms that refer to disability can vary
•Some people prefer “person first” – person who is blind
•Others prefer “identity first” – Deaf person
•As noted, people with non-apparent disabilities are not “hiding” their disability, and their disability should not be considered “invisible”
•Best not to use labels – refer to someone by their name
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Language Use
Terms to Avoid
•Handicapped
•Crippled
•Invalid
•Retarded
•Crazy
•Wheelchair-bound/Confined to a wheelchair
•Hearing impaired
•Autistic
•Victim of __ / Suffers from __
Terms to Use
•Accessible (as used to describe parking or other building features)
•Disabled
•Intellectual disability
•Developmental disability
•Mental health disability
•Wheelchair user
•D/deaf / hard of hearing
•Neurodiverse
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Offering Assistance
•Never assume:•Someone with a disability needs help to do something, or•That you know how to help them.
•Ask someone who may need assistance: May I help/assist you?
If they answer yes . . .
•Then say: How may I help/assist you?
•If the person needs assistance, they will be happy to tell you how to provide it.
•If the person does not want your assistance, don’t be offended.
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Some General Tips
•Don’t speak extra loudly to anyone with a disability unless asked
•Always speak directly to the person who speaks to you – don’t speak to
their companion or sign language interpreter
•Don’t treat adults with disabilities like children
•It’s fine to use common terms like “did you see that movie” with a blind
person or “would you like to go for a walk” with a wheelchair user
•Don’t touch a person or their device(s) without permission
•Treat everyone with dignity and respect – as you would wish to be
treated
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Hearing Disabilities
•Do not cover your mouth or chew gum. Look directly at
the person.
•Try to move where the person can see you; don’t sneak up
on them.
•Turn your camera on when in an online meeting or
webinar.
•Does the person know sign language? If so, what type of
interpreter(s) do they need (e.g., ASL, Certified Deaf
Interpreter)?
•Does the person need captioning because they do not
know ASL?
•Does the person need an assistive listening device?
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Vision Disabilities
•Look at the person when speaking – they can tell if you’re facing away.
•Say who you are when you approach, even if they know you.
•Tell the person if you walk away from them.
•Do they need a reader or alternative format materials? If so, ask what they need.
•Eliminate protruding objects – items that stick out from the wall more than 4 inches above 27 inches - they cannot detect these with their cane and might run into them.
•Offer to orient a person to a new area if they wish. Ask how they prefer to follow you – touch your elbow or shoulder and which side.
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Mobility Disabilities
•Do not touch a person’s wheelchair or other assistive technology (cane, walker, rollator, prosthetic) unless asked to do so.
•Keep inside and outside accessible routes clear - 48 inches wide outside, 36 inches wide inside, 32 inches wide at doors.
•Maintain accessible features (e.g., accessible toilet stall or parking access aisle) clear of obstacles.
•Keep an open area without a chair at a table or waiting room.
•Find a seat to put yourself at eye level with a person with a mobility disability.
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Speech Disabilities
•Ask a person with a speech disability to
repeat what they have said until you
understand.
•If they use a communication board,
watch as they point to words or letters.
•If they use an augmentative and
alternative communication (AAC)
device, allow them to finish typing.
•Use patience. Allow the person to finish
their thought without interruption.
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Sensory Processing Disabilities
•Provide a quiet area with somewhat lower lighting for crowded
situations like conferences, large meetings, festivals, etc.
•Have some items that may provide comfort on hand, like a stress ball,
fidget, or a weighted pad or blanket.
•Provide an environment that makes it easier to focus, away from high
traffic or loud equipment.
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Neurodiversity/Autism
•Understand they may be hyper-focused on a topic, like sports. Gently redirect the conversation back to the purpose.
•Do not force eye contact or stop them from flapping or stimming.
•Try to avoid overstimulating, loud situations.
•Allow them to wear headphones/earplugs, if appropriate for the situation.
•Speak in concrete terms and avoid metaphors, hyperbole, and cliches.
•Provide a quiet area with somewhat lower lighting for crowded situations like conferences, large meetings, festivals, etc.
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Health-Related Disabilities
•If the person has a compromised immune
system, offer options like remote work or
participation or wear masks around them.
•If sensitive to chemicals, avoid scented
products that staff wear and/or used to
clean the office.
•Provide flexible schedules and/or leave for
appointments.
•Allow time to rest if needed or a place to
sit.
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Mental Health Disabilities
•Send information that may be stressful in advance prior to meeting
with them to avoid fight or flight reactions.
•Offer to take a break and allow time to regroup and process if
needed.
•Acknowledge feelings, even if they seem irrational to you.
•Provide flexible schedules and/or leave for appointments. Treat leave
for mental health the same as you would for physical illness.
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Remember . . .
•These tips are not meant to be a one-size -fits-all approach.
•Every person is unique and is the best expert on their own needs.
•By making it clear that you are willing and ready to accommodate or
modify your processes, you are providing an inclusive space and more
likely to comply with the ADA’s requirements.
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Disability Awareness Scenario
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Multiple Disabilities Scenario
•Alana, who is Deaf Plus (Deaf with an intellectual
disability), used the Relay Service to make an
appointment with your city’s recreation department
to sign up for summer camp. During the call, she
asked if the camp provided interpreters.
•Alana arrived for her appointment and there are no
sign language interpreters.
•Recreation staff calls you, the ADA Coordinator,
because they cannot communicate with Alana and
she is becoming frustrated.
•What should the recreation staff have done before
Alana arrived?
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Multiple Disabilities Scenario Answer
•When Alana made the meeting
appointment, the office staff should have
realized, or asked about, her communication
needs for the meeting.
•Will the answer always be to provide an
American Sign Language interpreter?
•Are there other ways you could improve
Alana’s contact with the office?
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Disability Awareness Questions
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Introduction to the
ADA Coordinator
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What is the ADA Coordinator?
“A public entity that employs 50 or more persons shall
designate at least one employee to coordinate its efforts to
comply with and carry out its responsibilities under this
part, including any investigation of any complaint
communicated to it alleging its noncompliance with this part
or alleging any actions that would be prohibited by this part.”
ADA Title II Regulations, 28 CFR §35.107(a)
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What laws does the ADA Coordinator touch?
ADA
Coordinator
Rehabilitation Act
Section 504
ADA
Titles
I-V
Fair
Housing
Act
State
Laws
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What topics can the ADA Coordinator cover?
ADA
Coordinator
Staff Training
Meetings &
Events
Effective
Communication
Emergency
Management Facility
Accessibility
Reasonable
ModificationSelf
Evaluation
Grievance
Process
And many
more . . .
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ADA Coordinator
Responsibilities & Tasks
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Tasks You May Not Consider At First
•Serving in the Emergency Operations Center to ensure accessibility during
disasters
•Housing programs like shelters and housing constructed by your entity
•Transportation vehicle and transit stop accessibility
•Law enforcement training and policies
•Jail accessibility
•Polling place accessibility
•Parks and recreation programs
•Maintenance of your buildings and facilities to assure continued
accessibility
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General Nondiscrimination-Integration
•People with disabilities must have an equal opportunity to
participate in and benefit from all the programs, services, and
activities a public entity provides in the most integrated setting
possible.
•Public entities may offer separate programs, services, and activities
for people with disabilities if they provide an equivalent experience.
•To avoid discrimination public entities must modify its policies,
practices, and procedures when needed.
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Effective Communication
•In all programs, services, and activities of a public entity,
communication with individuals who have vision, hearing, and/or
speech disabilities must be as equally effective as communication
with individuals without disabilities.
•Auxiliary aids and services such as accessible written materials, sign
language interpreters, and real-time captioning can be used to
provide effective communication.
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Effective Communication II
•Effective communication requests do not need to be in writing or
use specific language.
•Public entities must give “primary consideration” or preference to
the auxiliary aid or service requested by the person with the
disability.
•Public entities must not charge a fee for a communication aid or
service.
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Website & Mobile App Accessibility
•Websites and mobile apps must be reviewed and brought into
compliance with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG)
Version 2.1 Level AA by:
•April 24, 2026 - public entities with a population of 50,000 or
more
•April 26, 2027 - public entities with a population of 0-49,999
•April 26, 2027 – special district governments
•U.S. Department of Justice technical assistance on these
requirements
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Disability Advisory Committee
•Clarify the Committee’s mission/purpose and scope of authority
•Manage expectations
•Be transparent about the limits of your authority/influence
•Provide frequent updates about the entity’s activities and topics of interest
•Explain how the entity operates and important processes
•Tell committee members where their efforts will have the greatest impact
•Connect committee members with other local disability advocates and
organizations, if needed
•Remind committee members to keep in touch with the individual who
appointed them
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Notice
•All public entities must publish a notice to the public that includes
information about Title II of the ADA and how it applies to its
programs, services, and activities.
•Notice should list the ADA Coordinator’s name and contact
information.
•Public entities can choose how to provide this notice, including
public postings or through their website.
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Grievance Procedure
•Public entities must adopt and publish a complaint or grievance
procedure that members of the public can use.
•ADA Coordinator or their designee must investigate and quickly resolve all
complaints received about the public entity’s failure to comply with its
Title II responsibilities.
•No specific timeline required, but each entity should set a timeline for
every step of the investigation.
•Most important task is regular communication with the person.
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Program Accessibility
•For buildings and facilities (like parks) that existed before the ADA
compliance date, public entities must provide program accessibility.
•Means that programs, services, and activities provided by a public
entity, when viewed as a whole, must be accessible to and usable by
people with disabilities.
•For example, if a public entity has an older building that is not
accessible, it can provide an activity at one of its accessible buildings.
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Self Evaluation
•A self evaluation is a review of a public entity’s services, policies, and
practices to determine if they violate Title II.
•Public entity must modify those that do.
•Process must allow all interested people and organizations to
provide comments.
•When complete, public entities with 50 or more employees must
keep a list of commenters and modifications made for at least three
years.
•Should be a living document – compliance with Title II is ongoing.
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Transition Plan
•Required by public entities with 50 or more employees by 1992 with
architectural barriers removed by 1995
•Lists structural changes to existing buildings, facilities, or public right of
way needed to meet the program accessibility requirement
•Must include timeline for completing the activities and official responsible
for them
•Process must allow all interested people and organizations to provide
comments
•ADA does not require updates but best to make living document
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Knowledge Check:
ADA Coordinator
Tasks & Responsibilities
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ADA Coordinator Requirement
Title II public entities that have __ or more employees must have an
ADA Coordinator to coordinate its compliance with Title II:
A)15
B)50
C)120
D)600
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ADA Coordinator Answer
Title II public entities that have __ or more employees must have an
ADA Coordinator to coordinate its compliance with Title II:
A)15
B)50
C)120
D)600
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So how do I move forward?
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Understand and Address Common Challenges
ADA Coordinator
•Lack of time
•Lack of training
•Limited support
•Limited financial & staffing resources
•Supervisor does not understand your role
•Strained relationships with staff
Organization/Jurisdiction
•Limited awareness of ADA
•Lack of interest
•Lack of leadership
•Accessibility is not a priority
•“No budget” for facility accessibility, effective communication, etc.
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Accessibility Is Everyone’s Responsibility
The designation of an employee responsible for
coordinating efforts to comply with ADA Title II “in no
way limits a public entity’s obligation to ensure that
all of its employees comply with the requirements
of this part, but it ensures that any failure by individual
employees can be promptly corrected by the designated
employee.”
ADA Title II Section-by-Section Analysis
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Role of the ADA Coordinator
•Serve as internal expert on accessibility and disability related topics
•Provide technical assistance and training
•Consult on accessibility requirements and considerations for specific projects
•Recommend solutions to complex accessibility challenges
•Identify areas of non-compliance and collaborate with colleagues to fix them
•Ensure the posting of the required ADA notice
•Investigate and resolve grievances
•Maintain awareness of and share information about new and emerging
accessibility issues and trends
•Provide staff support to disability advisory committee
•Amplify the voice of the disability community within the entity
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Clarify Your Scope of Work
•Who are your supervisor(s)?
•Subject matter responsibilities
•Role
•Regular & special assignments
•Priorities
•Decision making authority
•Communication with other departments/divisions – how much can
they help?
•Assistance with legal interpretations
•Team or work group membership
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Ask for What You Need
•Support from your supervisor
•Funding and approval for training, conferences, and networking
•Equipment and supplies
•Administrative support
•Information Technology (IT) support
•Accessible office space
•What is your budget and what expenses must come out of it?
•Anything else…
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Study ADA Requirements
ADA Title II
•Foundations of the ADA Course
•ADA Title II Tutorial
•Self Evaluation & Transition Plans Course
•ADA Title II Action Guide
•Title II Technical Assistance Manual
•Title II Regulations
•Title II Best Practices Toolkit
Other Areas
•Title III Regulations
•Title III Technical Assistance Manual
•Title III Resources for Businesses
•Other Federal Laws (e.g., Fair Housing Act)
•State Laws
•Applicable Local Ordinances
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Ensure Your Personal Development
•Connect with other ADA Coordinators
•Join an ADA Coordinator Network
•Become a Certified ADA Coordinator
•Attend ADA webinars
•Find conferences like the National ADA Symposium
•Attend state and local conferences
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Follow ADA Trends
•Read articles and books by people with disabilities
•Listen to podcasts on disability and accessibility issues
•Follow social media accounts of disability rights advocates
•Subscribe to newsletters
•U.S. Department of Justice
•U.S. Access Board
•Accessibility In the News accessibilityinthenews@lists.microassist.com
•ADA National Network & Regional ADA Center newsletters
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Train Others
•Provide training on ADA requirements as often as you can to:
•Staff
•Supervisors
•Volunteers
•Try to make the training interactive, effective, and enjoyable.
•The more people who are trained in ADA requirements, the more
help you will have with your job.
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Get to Know Your Disability Community
•Disability Advisory Committee
•If you don’t have one, establish one
•Independent Living Center that serves the area
•Other disability rights organizations
•Ask about barriers the community has experienced with your
jurisdiction/organization
•What ideas does the community have to improve services?
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When Things Get Done . . .
•ADA compliance gets done when it is measured and top of
mind
•Consider an Annual Report on accessibility
accomplishments
•Integrate accessibility into your jurisdiction’s planning
documents
•Encourage your leadership to ask about accessibility
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Don’t Reinvent the Wheel
•Ask for resources and information from other jurisdictions
•Use models provided by USDOJ or the ADA National
Network
•Be thoughtful about creating new policies
•Integrate accessibility into existing policies, procedures, and
projects
62
Set Priorities for What YOU Can Do
•Address knowledge gaps with information, resources, and
training
•Look for free training where possible
•Avoid doing the work of others
•When taking on new duties, discuss prioritization of work
with your supervisor
•Take a deep breath and let it go
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Celebrate Your Successes!
•Your work is hard, so celebrate your wins, no matter how
small
•Tell your supervisor about your extra effort and get credit
for it
•Tell other supervisors about extra efforts of their staff
•Share positive community feedback
•Share progress with the disability advisory committee
•Be proud of yourself
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ADA Coordinator Scenario
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New ADA Coordinator Scenario
•Sergio is the ADA Coordinator for the City of
Rock Ledge.
•He joined the city staff one year ago but
recently was named the ADA Coordinator
when the former person retired.
•Sergio is not clear about where to start.
•What would you recommend to Sergio?
•What questions should he ask?
•What training should he seek?
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ADA Coordinator Scenario Answer
•Sergio could:
•Ask his supervisor what his budget is and how he should prioritize
his tasks
•Seek all the training he can about ADA Title II requirements from
the ADA Centers
•Join an ADA Coordinator Network to confer with colleagues
•Form or meet with the disability advisory committee
•Ask about the status of the notice, grievance procedure, self
evaluation, and transition plan
•Determine what other staff can collaborate with him
•What else??
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ADA Coordinator Questions
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More Information
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Helpful resources
•ADA National Network
•ADA Update: A Primer for State & Local Governments
•The ADA and City Governments: Common Problems
•Project Civic Access Settlements
•California Commission on Disability Access
•National Directory of Centers for Independent Living (CILs)
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Stay in touch with us!
•Toll -Free: 1-800-949-4232 (Voice/Relay)
•Email: info@adapacific.org
•Check out our website:
•www.adapacific.org
•Join our email list:
•https://www.adapacific.org/subscribe/
Follow us on social
media:
X/Twitter:
•@PacificADACtr
Facebook & LinkedIn:
•Pacific ADA Center
YouTube:
•@PacificADACenter
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Overall Questions
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Thank you!
Please complete your
evaluations
Evaluation Link: https://www.surveymonkey.com/r/PacificADA24-25
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