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SLOFD Training Manual
Hose 1.12 How to Load 4” by 800’ Supply Hose on an Engine
SLOFD Training Division
Training Manual Rev. 04/07 1
How to Load 4” by 800’ Supply Hose on an Engine
All SLOFD structural apparatus carry 800’ of 4” supply hose in the right side hose
bed. This line is flat-loaded for a forward lay (female coupling with hydrant
adapter on top). The first 600’ of the load utilizes 100’ sections and it is finished
with (4) 50’ sections on top. This gives the engineer more flexibility in making
close-in connections. Due to the size and weight of the 4” couplings, they should
be placed towards the front of the bed as the hose is loaded. This reduces the
likelihood of them falling out, and prevents them from “hopping” over each other
as the line is laid.
Step 1—Flat Load
Place the male coupling at the front left
corner of the hose bed. Begin loading a
flat-load, using short folds and “dutchmen”
as needed to place couplings up front and
to prevent flipping. Use (6) 100’ sections
followed by (4) 50’ sections on top.
Note: Stagger Folds
Stagger the folds at the ends (long row, short
row…) to keep the load level. The long rows of
folds should be flush with the back edge of the
hose bed.
Step 3—Finish
Place the female coupling with the
hydrant adapter on top, within arm’s
reach of the tailboard. Place a hydrant
strap around the line approximately
15’ back from the coupling using a
lark’s head (keep the plastic buckle
out of the knot). Place the hydrant
bag on the load, also within arm’s
reach of the tailboard.
SLOFD Training Manual
Hose 1.15 How to Catch a Hydrant with 4” Supply Hose – Wet Line
SLOFD Training Division
Training Manual Rev. 04/2019 1
How to Catch a Hydrant with 4” Supply Hose – Wet Line
Units responding to a confirmed working fire will typically “bring their own water”
and lay a line in from the closest hydrant. Laying a “wet line” is accomplished by
dropping off the FF with hose and hydrant bag at the hydrant. The line is
charged after the Engineer has made connections at the panel and calls for
water. This is an efficient operation when a hydrant is located “on the way” in to
the incident.
Step 1—Grasp Bag, Adapter and Strap
The Captain directs the FF to catch the target
hydrant, and the Engineer spots for the catch by
positioning the tailboard a few feet past it. FF
acknowledges assignment, exits cab and
proceeds to tailboard. Start by grasping the
hydrant bag, the female coupling (with hydrant
adapter) and the hydrant strap.
Step 2—Pull to Hydrant
Turn and safely step down from the Engine,
pulling the bag and the hose out of the bed.
Pull the hose to the hydrant.
Step 3—Catch and Send
Set down the hydrant bag and place the
hydrant strap over the hydrant. Find the
Engineer in the mirror and give both
verbal and visual signals to “Lay Hose!”
SLOFD Training Manual
Hose 1.15 How to Catch a Hydrant with 4” Supply Hose – Wet Line
SLOFD Training Division
Training Manual Rev. 04/2019
2
Step 4— Flush the Hydrant
Open the hydrant bag and remove the
hydrant wrench. After the apparatus has
laid at least 100’ (and there is no tension
on the line), remove the strap from the
hydrant. Remove a discharge cap
(preferably the one you will connect to)
and flush the hydrant by opening the
valve slowly and enough to pass larger
debris. Flush until the water turns clear.
Step 5— Make Connections
Connect the supply line to the hydrant and
secure adapter with two taps of the rubber
mallet.
IF CONNECTING TO A DRY BARREL
HYDRANT: connect the hydrant valve to either
2-1/2” discharge before charging the supply line
connected to the 4-1/2” discharge. This will
allow an additional supply line to be connected
to the hydrant if more water is needed. Without
it, the hydrant will have to be shut down to add
an additional line.
Smooth out the bend in the hose to prevent
kinks, and prepare to open the valve. Wait for
the apparatus operator to signal “Ready for
Water!” When this signal is given, acknowledge
with a verbal and visual “Water Coming”.
Step 6— Return to Apparatus Follow the line back to the apparatus, removing
any kinks along the way.
Notes:
*Use caution, operating valves on the City water system SLOWLY.
*Portable radios may be used for communications regarding the water supply,
but other responding units will also be trying to use the radio as well.
*Use of the air-horn as a signal for water should be avoided due to possible
confusion with multiple units responding in code-3.
Arron Fields Nozzle forward - Bing video
NOZZLE DROP Training Minutes: Nozzle Drop - Fire Engineering - Firefighter Training
Truck Company Tricks of the Trade - Bing video
Engine Company Opera tions: Fire Wrapping and Sweeping - Bing video
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
2015 ACADEMY – 2 ½” HOSE
HOURS: 4
OBJECTIVE: Students will receive classroom and manipulative training on SLO City
Fire 2 ½” hoselays and handline operations. Students will demonstrate knowledge by passing a
quiz and manipulative exam.
MATERIALS NEEDED: Engine, Apparatus Operator, extra hose.
MOTIVATION:
PRESENTATION
APPLICATION
1. Goals and objectives (Overview)
- Discuss Pros and Cons
- Uses / Applications
- Present various hose handling techniques
- Hands on hose evolutions
2. Pros of 2 ½” hose
- Greater GPM
- Lower friction loss
- Increased penetration power
- More water on the fire
- Single Company Ops
- More maneuverability than master streams
- Change over to wye operations
3. Cons of 2 ½” hose
- Difficult to maneuver
- More time to deploy
- Decreased mobility
- Increased firefighter fatigue
- Difficult to advance when flowing water
4. When to use it
- A - Advanced fire on arrival
- D - Defensive operations
- U - Unable to determine extent or size of fire area
- L - Large, non-compartmentalized areas
- T - Tons of water needed
- S - Standpipe operations
Written exam and
manipulative drills
Written exam
Written exam
Written exam
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
2015 ACADEMY – 2 ½” HOSE
5. Proper Techniques
- Injury prevention
- Decreased FF Fatigue
- More manageable hoselines
6. Nozzle options
- SB HH 1”
- SB HH 1 1/8”
- SB HH 1 ¼”
- TFT Combination
7. Handling the 2 ½” line
- The nozzle man must keep sufficient hose out in
front
- The backup man should provide physical support
to the nozzleman
- When moving the line, shut down or gate down
the nozzle to reduce the reaction burden
- Use back up fireman, curb, vehicle tire, etc to
reduce the reaction force of the nozzle
- Use wall, doorway, tree etc. to stand against if
needed
8. Hoseline Placement
- Water in a charged 50’ of 2 ½” = 106 lbs
- Not staging coupling creates more friction on
your drag / advance
- Stretch line dry as far as safely practical
- Stage coupling near entrance
- Bleed line – significant air in 2 ½” hose
9. Nozzle Reaction
- Newton’s Law
- Studies
- Safe operating limits
10. Nozzleman
- Gives commands regarding nozzle movement to
rest of crew
- Directs hose stream as needed
- Keep sufficient hose out in front to permit
unhindered nozzle movement
- Allows the force of the nozzle reaction to be
absorbed into the ground or back-up man
Written exam
Written exam and
manipulative drills
Written exam and
manipulative drills
Written exam and
manipulative drills
Written exam and
manipulative drills
Written exam and
manipulative drills
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
2015 ACADEMY – 2 ½” HOSE
-
11. Back-up man
- If line is not straight it places force directly on the
nozzle man
- Keep line straight behind nozzle man
- Supports the nozzleman by absorbing nozzle
reaction
12. Hoseman
- Keep line straight behind nozzleman and back-up
man
- Supports the crew by absorbing nozzle reaction
13. Nozzle Up
- Improper positioning of the back-up man causes
increase stress to be placed on the nozzleman
- Nozzleman gives command “Nozzle Up”
- Back up man pins hose to ground
14. Nozzle Down
- Improper positioning of the back-up man causes
increase stress and workload to be placed on the
nozzleman
- Nozzleman gives command “Nozzle Down”
- Back-up man raises hoseline making it easier to
move nozzle downward
15. Nozzle Left / Right
- Nozzleman gives command “Nozzle Left or
Nozzle Right”
- Back-up man moves the hose in the opposite
direction keeping line straight behind the
nozzleman
16. Hose Strap use
– Can provide assistance in hose handling
– For use when doing 2 ½” handline ops while
standing
– Does decrease mobility
– Must be worn across the front of body to
prevent tangling on SCBA and allowing for
rapid retreat if needed
Written exam and
manipulative drills
Written exam and
manipulative drills
Written exam and
manipulative drills
Written exam and
manipulative drills
Written exam and
manipulative drills
Written exam and
manipulative drills
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
2015 ACADEMY – 2 ½” HOSE
17. Hotel Coil
- Don proper PPE
- Pull appropriate amount of hose to meet objective
- With with Engineer or line-breaker
- Advance hose line into place
- Properly flake and tie-off hotel coil
- Call for water
18. Hand line movement
- Flaking
- Shoulder load and payoff
- Pre-staging of hoseline before calling for water
- Hose load
Written exam and
manipulative drills
Written exam and
manipulative drills
ASSIGNMENT: Study and review applicable training manual sections (1.21, 1.23, 1.24,
and 1.27)
EVALUATION: Students will be given a manipulative exam on 2 ½” hoseline
advancement and handling. Students will be given a written exam on subject material.
San Luis Obispo
City
Fire Department
2 ½” Handline Ops
By Engine Company 3
Goals and Objectives
Pros and Cons
Uses / Applications
Present various hose handling techniques
Hands on hose evolutions
Pros
Greater GPM - tons of water when needed
Low friction loss per 100’ (only 15 for 250 GPM)
Exceptional penetrating power due to hydraulic force
More water on the fire - little premature water
vaporization in high heat environments
Smooth bore NP and FL make single company
operations more manageable
Much better maneuverability than portable master
stream devices
Easy change over to wye lines if needed
Cons
Difficult to maneuver around corners and through
buildings
More time to deploy than 1 3/4” attack lines
Less mobile than smaller lines
Firefighter fatigue increases if proper techniques not
used
Difficult to advance when flowing water
When to use it?
A - Advanced fire on arrival
D - Defensive operations
U - Unable to determine extent (size) of fire area
L - Large, non-compartmentalized areas
T - Tons of water
S - Standpipe system operations
Proper Techniques
Injury prevention
Decreased Firefighter fatigue
More manageable hoselines (especially important for
departments with minimal staffing)
Know your weapon
SLO City Fire has a variety of 2 ½” nozzles in service
Smooth Bore
TFT Combination nozzle
( 2 1/2" ) SB HANDHELD 1" 200 10 50
( 2 1/2" )SB HANDHELD 1 1/8 250 15 50
( 2 1/2" )SB HANDHELD 1 1/4 325 24 50
( 2 1/2" ) TFT 325 24 100
Handling the 2 1/2
The nozzle man must keep sufficient hose out in
front
The backup man should provide physical support to
the nozzle man
When moving the line, shut down or gate down the
nozzle to reduce the reaction burden
Use back up fireman, curb, vehicle tire, etc to
reduce the reaction force of the nozzle
Use wall, doorway, tree etc. to stand against if
needed
Hoseline Placement
– Water in a charged 50’ of 2 ½” = 106 lbs
– Not staging coupling creates more friction on your
drag / advance
Hoseline Placement
– Stretch line dry as far as safely practical
– Stage coupling near entrance
– Bleed line – significant air in 2 ½” hose
Newton’s law
– For every action there
is an equal and
opposite reaction
Nozzle Reaction
Newton's third law - states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
To the firefighter this means that as water is projected from a nozzle, the nozzle tends to recoil in the opposite direction.
Nozzle reaction is calculated with the following formula:
• NR = 0.0505 (GPM) (Square root of NP) – combination
• NR = 1.55 (D2) (NP) – Smooth bore
Nozzle Reaction Studies
Paul Grimwood 1
• 1 FF – 60psi NR
• 2 FF – 75psi NR
• 3 FF – 95 psi NR
Andrew Fredericks / FNDY 2
“Studies have shown that a nozzle reaction force exceeding approximately 70 pounds is
too difficult for a single firefighter to handle safely.”
Endnotes:
1. “Firefighting Nozzle Reaction” - Paul Grimwood, Firetactics.com, http://firetactics.com/NOZZLE-REACTION.htm
2. “Improving the Quality of Your Solid Stream” – Jim Regan and Andrew Fredericks, Fire Engineering - April 2000
3. Fire Streams and the Aggressive Interior Attack” – Armand F. Guzzi Jr. Fire Engineering – February 2000
Armand F. Guzzi Jr.3
“… two-person nozzle team (consisting of a firefighter
assigned to the nozzle and a second member in a
backup position) can safely and effectively control
somewhere between 65 to 70 pounds force of nozzle
reaction.”
Back up man
– If line is not straight it places force directly on the
nozzle man
Back up man
Keep line straight
behind nozzle man
Allows the force of the
nozzle reaction to be
absorbed into the
ground or backup man
Nozzle man
Calls commands
Directs flow of water
Relies on back-up man to take force of nozzle
reaction
Nozzle man
– Keep sufficient hose out in front to permit
unhindered nozzle movement
Nozzle Up
– Improper positioning of the back up man causes
increase stress to be placed on the nozzleman
Nozzle Up
– Nozzle man gives command “Nozzle Up”
– Back up man pins hose to ground
Nozzle Down
– Improper positioning of the back up man causes
increase stress and workload to be placed on the
nozzleman
Nozzle Down
– Nozzle man gives command “Nozzle Down”
– Back up man raises hoseline making it easier to
move nozzle downward
Nozzle Left/Right– Nozzleman calls “Nozzle Left or Right”
– Back up man moves the hose in the opposite
direction keeping line straight behind the nozzle
man
Hose Strap
– Can provide assistance in hose handling
– For use when doing 2 ½” handline ops while
standing
– Does decrease mobility
– Must be worn across the front of body to prevent
tangling on SCBA and allowing for rapid retreat if
needed
Hose Strap
(incorrect placement)
Hose Strap
(correct placement)
The end.
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday
Mobility/Yoga Trail Run Movements of the Job Work for the Weekend Wod
Score Wed Score Wed
1-Jan
Facility Walk Through
CARS warm up
Rom Wod
Station 1 to South Hills
A) start at entrance on king
B) talk burn scar and topogrophy
C) Squat to sprint up hill on king
return to Sta 1 at 35 min total
time
Review 5 basic movment patterns
slide show and PFT slide on
injuries
Squat- Ladders, pick up, hose pulls
Push-
Pull-
Deadlift–
Hinge-
Lunge-
A) groups of 3
30 min AMRAP
* 1 person works [partners
active rest)
30 cal run (farmers hold)
100 air squats (plank)
60 cal row (rest)
100 push ups (wall sit)
20 burpees * all synchronized
100 pull ups (side plank)
3-Jan yoga Meet at Isaly parking lot, run up
islay
Lunge/ Pull
5 min stations
- row
- pull ups
-scap
- lunge
- jump lunge
- box step up
- abs
Mini Murph
1 mile run
20 rounds
3, 6, 9
pull ups
push ups
air squats
1 mile run
Perform at Cal Poly or
Headstrong
5-Jan yoga
Orientation run:
Run from station 1 through
downtown.
- Review roof types
- Review how to flake hose in
various spots
- Review how to force rolling
doors
- Review how to force exterior
doors
3 Group of 3
Rotate stations every 10 min
1- 3x10 (should have 2min rest
between rounds)
Eccentric Pull Ups 1:3:1
2- 3x10 DB Squats (30-50)
Tempo 3:1:1
3- R side 30sec OH DB Hold (50-
70)
R side 30 sec farmers hold
Immediately switch to L side and
do the same
(3 rounds, 1min rest B/T)
rest then 7min Max burpees
9 little Ninjas
1- 50 high knees
2- 50 push ups
3- 50 sit ups
4- 50 air squats
5- 50 DB snatch alt
6- 25 Burpees
7- 25 DB Thrusters
8- 25 m shuttle run
9- 25 shoulder taps
7-Jan mobility
3 stations 3 per group rotating:
active rest
every 7 min
100' 4" drag with pull
10 tire slams sledge
high rise run to top of tower
Move sally up- no weight
9 little Ninjas
9-Jan moblity
2 in 2 out
100 sync deadlifts 135
100 sync air squats
100 sync HRPU
100 sync 1 arm DB snatch #35
100 sync sit ups
100 cal row
every 2 min 5 burpees
*crew resting 1 arm static farmers
hold 50 or 60 db.
FFGB
3 rounds
1min EMOM
Wall Ball
SD High pull
Step Ups
push press
Row
Rest
10-Jan 2- 50 push ups
3- 50 sit ups
4- 50 air squats
5- 50 DB snatch alt
6- 25 Burpees
7- 25 DB Thrusters
8- 25 m shuttle run
9- 25 shoulder taps
CITY OF SAN LUIS OBISPO
FIRE DEPARTMENT
Academy Final Eval
Candidate Name:
(S) satisfactory (M) meets (E) exceeds
Cumulative Academy Score
Effort:
Attention to Detail:
Manipulative Skills:
Written Exam:
Areas of Weakness:
CITY OF SAN LUIS OBISPO
FIRE DEPARTMENT
Academy Block Evaluation
Candidate Name:
Attitude:
Effort:
Attention to Detail:
Manipulative Skills:
Written Exams:
Areas of Strength:
Areas of Weakness:
City
2021 Academy
SLO City EMS
By Captain/Paramedic Sammy Fox
SLO City Fire EMS
SLO Co. EMS Agency founded in 1981
EMT-II program in 1982
Paramedics in 1988
24 Paramedic positions
SLO County EMS System
Non-Transport agencies
–BLS Fire
Five Cities, Cal Fire, Templeton
–ALS Fire
SLO City, Paso Robles, Atascadero, Morro Bay, Cal Fire
Transport Agencies
–Private Ambulance companies
San Luis Ambulance, Cambria
–CHP H70
–Cal Star
SLO County EMS System
Level III Trauma Center
–Sierra Vista Regional Medical Center
STEMI Receiving Center
–French Medical Center
Base Hospital
–Sierra Vista Regional Medical Center
–French Medical Center
–Twin Cities Community Hospital
–Arroyo Grande Community Hospital
Receiving Hospitals
–Sierra Vista Regional Medical Center (Heli-pad)
–French Medical Center
–Twin Cities Community Hospital (Heli-Pad)
–Arroyo Grande Community Hospital
–Marian Medical Center (Heli-Pad)
SLO City Fire EMS
ALS Engine and Truck Companies
Responds with Private Ambulance
–Fire units often on scene first
–Ambulance delays possible
Patient Care responsibilities / options
–Maintain patient care and “ride in” (ALS)
–Transfer care of patient over to Ambulance
(BLS)
SLO City Fire EMS
Typical Activities on scene
Primary Paramedic
–Primary patient care
–Patient assessment
–Provide treatment
EMT or second Paramedic
–Vital signs and upload to cloud
–Equipment set up
–Assist with application of ECG leads and 12 lead
–Glucose check
Scene management / data collection
–Scene management
–Documentation / data collection
SLO City Fire EMS
Paramedic Engine and Truck Companies
–One Paramedic minimum
–Transport capable engines
being phased out
–Medic Rescue 1 as Back-up
SLO City Fire EMS
Medic Rescue 1
–Two tiered response model (E.O. 518 Two Tiered Response)
–Call back coverage for greater alarms
–Special events, Cal Poly
–Out of county assignments
–Patient transport if acute status patient and significant
ambulance delay (E.O. 1204 Emergency Patient Transport)
SLO City Fire EMS
UTV 1
–Bishop Peak
–Open space rescue
–Cal Poly / Poly Canyon
SLO City Fire EMS
Bike Medics
–Responds with Medic Rescue 1
–Carries ALS and BLS equipment
–Two personnel (one Paramedic minimum)
–Sta 4, 3 E-bikes
SLO City Fire EMS
Responses outside of SLO City
–Auto-Aid with Cal Fire in unincorporated areas around the city
–Fireline EMT assignments
–Fireline Paramedic assignments
–Medic Rescue 1 out of county assignments
EMS Equipment
BLS
Backboard / C-Spine
Suction unit
Splint Bag
Burn Kit
Decon Kit
Pedi-board
KED
ALS
Airway Bag
Drug Bag
ECG Monitor
Narcotic Lock Box
Pedi-Bag
Spare Med Box
CPAP
Glucometer
Communicable Diseases
HIV
Hep
COVID
Meningitis
Influenza
MRSA
C Diff
Methods of Transmission
Inhalation
Injection
Ingestion
Absorption
Communicable Diseases
PPE
–N95 mask
–Medical gloves
–Eye protection
–EMS Jackets / gowns
COVID Protocols
Spit Sock Hoods
Patient BSI
Equipment Decon
–SaniZide wipes, Staphene, etc.
Exposure Reporting
Field Exposure notification forms
County exposure forms
SLO City process/COVID exposure
PER online
Equipment restock
Drug program / expiring meds
Restocking from ambulance
Restock after non-transport (NEW FF JOB)
Narcotic restock
Disposable items
Oxygen cascade system
EMS Programs and Policies
QA/QI Program and policy
Electronic Patient Care Report (EPCR)
–ImageTrend
Controlled Drug Program
SLO County Policies
E.O. 1201.00 EMS Policies and Procedures
Paramedic protocols
Drug formulary
SLO County Accreditation
EMS Training
Quarterly Medic Updates
APR – required for PM
CPR – required EMT and PM
18 hours educational pay
ETI requirements
Base Station Meeting Requirements
PALS – Department recommended
Paramedic Coordinators
–Captain Gutierrez
–Captain Gonzalez
–Captain MacDonald
Paramedic Field Training Officers
–Captain Gonzalez
–Captain Hoover
–Engineer Renner
Base Hospital Physicians / MICNs
EMS Resources
Team Work
SLO County is made up of many different
agencies
Working with other agencies we can
provide even better patient care and
customer service
Team Work
Air Ambulance…
Team Work
SLOPD…
Team Work
Private ambulance…
Team Work
Other Fire agencies…
Questions
City
2025 Academy
SLO City EMS
By Captain/Paramedic Armando Gutierrez
SLO City Fire EMS
SLO Co. EMS Agency founded in 1981
EMT-II program in 1982
Paramedics in 1988
24 Paramedic positions
SLO County EMS System
Non-Transport agencies
–BLS Fire
Five Cities, Cal Fire, Templeton
–ALS Fire
SLO City, Paso Robles, Atascadero, Morro Bay, Cal Fire
Transport Agencies
–Private Ambulance companies
San Luis Ambulance, Cambria
–CHP H70
–Cal Star
SLO County EMS System
Level III Trauma Center
–Sierra Vista Regional Medical Center
STEMI Receiving Center
–French Medical Center
Base Hospital
–Sierra Vista Regional Medical Center
–French Medical Center
–Twin Cities Community Hospital
–Arroyo Grande Community Hospital
Receiving Hospitals
–Sierra Vista Regional Medical Center (Heli-pad)
–French Medical Center
–Twin Cities Community Hospital (Heli-Pad)
–Arroyo Grande Community Hospital
–Marian Medical Center (Heli-Pad)
SLO City Fire EMS
ALS Engine and Truck Companies
Responds with Private Ambulance
–Fire units often on scene first
–Ambulance delays possible
Patient Care responsibilities / options
–Maintain patient care and “ride in” (ALS)
–Transfer care of patient over to Ambulance
(BLS)
SLO City Fire EMS
Typical Activities on scene
Primary Paramedic
–Primary patient care
–Patient assessment
–Provide treatment
EMT or second Paramedic
–Vital signs and upload to cloud
–Equipment set up
–Assist with application of ECG leads and 12 lead
–Glucose check
Scene management / data collection
–Scene management
–Documentation / data collection
SLO City Fire EMS
Paramedic Engine and Truck Companies
–One Paramedic minimum
–Transport capable engines
being phased out
–Medic Rescue 1 as Back-up
SLO City Fire EMS
Medic Rescue 1
–Two tiered response model (E.O. 518 Two Tiered Response)
–Call back coverage for greater alarms
–Special events, Cal Poly
–Out of county assignments
–Patient transport if acute status patient and significant
ambulance delay (E.O. 1204 Emergency Patient Transport)
SLO City Fire EMS
UTV 2
–Bishop Peak
–Open space rescue
–Cal Poly / Poly Canyon
SLO City Fire EMS
Bike Medics
–Responds with Medic Rescue 1
–Carries ALS and BLS equipment
–Two personnel (one Paramedic minimum)
–Sta 4, 3 E-bikes
SLO City Fire EMS
Responses outside of SLO City
–Auto-Aid with Cal Fire in unincorporated areas around the city
–Fireline EMT assignments
–Fireline Paramedic assignments
–Medic Rescue 1 out of county assignments
EMS Equipment
BLS
Backboard / C-Spine
Suction unit
Splint Bag
Burn Kit
Decon Kit
Pedi-board
KED
ALS
Airway Bag
Drug Bag
ECG Monitor
Narcotic Lock Box
Pedi-Bag
Spare Med Box
CPAP
Glucometer
Communicable Diseases
HIV
Hep
COVID
Meningitis
Influenza
MRSA
C Diff
Methods of Transmission
Inhalation
Injection
Ingestion
Absorption
Communicable Diseases
PPE
–N95 mask
–Medical gloves
–Eye protection
–EMS Jackets / gowns
COVID Protocols
Spit Sock Hoods
Patient BSI
Equipment Decon
–SaniZide wipes, Staphene, etc.
Exposure Reporting
Field Exposure notification forms
County exposure forms
SLO City process/COVID exposure
PER online
Equipment restock
Drug program / expiring meds
Restocking from ambulance
Restock after non-transport (NEW FF JOB)
Narcotic restock
Disposable items
Oxygen cascade system
EMS Programs and Policies
QA/QI Program and policy
Electronic Patient Care Report (EPCR)
–ImageTrend
Controlled Drug Program
SLO County Policies
E.O. 1201.00 EMS Policies and Procedures
Paramedic protocols
Drug formulary
SLO County Accreditation
EMS Training
Quarterly Medic Updates
APR – required for PM
CPR – required EMT and PM
18 hours educational pay
ETI requirements
Base Station Meeting Requirements
PALS – Department recommended
Paramedic Coordinators
–Captain Hoover
–Captain Gonzalez
–Engineer Mason
Paramedic Field Training Officers
–Captain Gonzalez
–Captain Hoover
–Captain Renner
Base Hospital Physicians / MICNs
EMS Resources
Team Work
SLO County is made up of many different
agencies
Working with other agencies we can
provide even better patient care and
customer service
Team Work
Air Ambulance…
Team Work
SLOPD…
Team Work
Private ambulance…
Team Work
Other Fire agencies…
Questions
Academy 2019
Auto X
Captain Gonzalez
Outline
1300-1400
Classroom
• Hybrids (PP)
• B pillar blowout (PP)
• Airbags (PP)
1400-1430
Classroom
• R-42’s (PP)
1430-1700
Tower
• B pillar blow-out
• Dash lift/Dash Push
• Cribbing and lifting with paratech airbags
• Vehicle stabilization (R42)
• Removing doors
• Removing roofs
1430-1700 Rotations
1. Station 1 (stabilization)
2. Station 2 (lifting with paratech airbags)
3. Station 3 (removing doors/roofs/b pillar/dash lift)
San Luis Obispo City Fire
MOTOROLA APX 6000XE
MOTOROLA APX 6000XE
•This power point is intended to aid in the deployment of the departments
new portable radios.
•The deployment of our new portable radios is only the first phase and will
take place as soon as a majority of our members have been brought up to
speed on them.
•The radios still operate the same as our old ones with a few exceptions
that will be covered within this presentation.
•The way our department utilizes our radios will be evolving in the future,
which will require us to take more ownership in both understanding and
operation of our radios. (i.e. Each person will have own radio issued to
them and are responsible for them.)
MOTOROLA APX 6000XE
Each person willl be assigned (1) Radio, (1) Battery, (1) Remote mic, (1) Belt Holster
MOTOROLA APX 6000XE Battery replacement
To insert a battery into the radio: (1) Depress the two side tabs located in the
lower half of the battery. (2) Slide old battery out and slide newly charged
battery in. (3) It may help to place the radio and battery on a hard surface
such as a table and push until you hear it click into place.
MOTOROLA APX 6000XE Power up procedure
Turn the On/Off/Volume Control Knob clock wise. The 1st thing you will notice is a voice prompt telling you what channel and zone the radio is set for, and the radio programming version. You will also see in the top display, the assignees name. “will only be displayed for 1 minute”, the channel the radio is set for, and its zone assignment.
MOTOROLA APX 6000XE
16 position Select knob
The channels assigned to each position is
were you will notice a change.
MOTOROLA APX 6000XE
KEYPAD CONTROL LOCK
When you move the switch from the
closed circle to the open circle, you
will lock out all keypad functions of the
radio. A voice command will prompt
you that the radio is locked. If a
keypad button is depressed, a message
on both screens will announce that the
radio is locked.
MOTOROLA APX 6000XE
3-Position A/B/C switch
The 3-Position A/B/C switch is used to
edit your SCAN list in position B.
Return the switch to position A to put
the radio into normal mode. Position C
is not programmed at this time.
Your radio should be used in position
A. If it would be inadvertently
switched to position B, it will not
operate and low beep will be heard.
Move the switch to postion A and
normal functions will be resumed.
MOTOROLA APX 6000XE
Top Side Button
When you press this button, it will
enable your SCAN list. To turn off
scan, press the button again. You will
know if you’re SCAN mode with the
“Z” icon on both displays
When this button is hard-pressed
“held for more than 1 full second”, you
will enter the programming of the
SCAN list just like the position B switch
on top of the radio.
MOTOROLA APX 6000XE
Push To Talk Button
Depress the push to talk button to
transmit your message.
MOTOROLA APX 6000XE
Side Button 1, one dot
When pressing this button, you can
enable a repeated channel to transmit
”DIRECT”. Press it again and it will
return to “REPEATER”. A voice promt
will be initated as well as the “DIRECT”
icon will be displayed on the repeated
channel until this button is pressed
again to allow the channel to switch
back to repeater mode
This button will be disabled on direct
channels
MOTOROLA APX 6000XE
Side Button 2, two dot
•When pressing this button, the
radio display and keypad will light
up so you can see in dark areas.
•If you do a long press of this
button, it will flip the top display
screen 180 degrees.
MOTOROLA APX 6000XE
Volume Switch
This is a toggle type switch that can be
used to adjust the volume of the radio.
There are ”10” volume levels.
MOTOROLA APX 6000XE
Push To Talk Button
Depress the push to talk button to
transmit your message.
MOTOROLA APX 6000XE
Accessory one dot Button
This Button is used while the radio is
scanning. It is a Push To Talk (PTT)
button that will transmit on a specified
channel you as the operator has
designated. This button will only be
active while the radio is scanning. It is
a quick way to transmit on your
designated channel without toggling
the radio while on another channel (ie.
.
MOTOROLA APX 6000XE
Low Battery indicators
If the radio is turned on or operated in
in a low battery situation, the top
display will illuminate red for
approximately 15 seconds and a Low
Battery message will be displayed.
After the red illumination times out,
the Low Battery message remains. As
the battery life declines even further, a
chirp will begin to announce the low
battery issue. When the battery
reaches its end of charge, the battery
fuel gauge in the upper right hand
corner of the top display will begin to
flash.
MOTOROLA APX 6000XE
Emergency Button
The Orange buttons on the remote
mic, and the main radio is for an
emergency activation. The radio will
then switch to and alert some
tones. To turn off the activation, press
and hold the orange button again. You
can also turn the radio off and back on
to reset the radio.
The small round button on the face of
the remote mic turns on the light on
the front of the mic.
Some things to think
about when using your
portable radios.
1. Where do you wear your portable
radio? Over your coat or under?
2. Continuous monitoring of non-
emergency traffic will deplete
your batteries life. How much
could that extra battery life
matter to you in an emergency
situation?
3. When in the County, your
strongest radio signal will always
be from your mobiles in your
apparatus. If your not able to
communicate using your
portables, try to get to your
apparatus to get information out.
A - NORMAL FUNCTION
B- SCAN EDIT
C- NOT PROGRAMMED
Speaker Side Controls
LOCK
UNLOCK
REPEATER OR
DIRECT
Zones
•The radio has 50 zones.
•The radio is programmed with the
•
How to Add/Delete Channels to Scan List
• Switch to Position B or press and hold
the top side button to enter Scan Edit
screen. A flashing square on the top
screen will appear and letting you know
your in the Edit SCAN list. The front
screen will change to Edit Scan.
• Scroll using the arrow keypad up and
down for the channels in that zone and
left and right to change to a different
zone.
• Press SEL on the soft key. This will
put a “Z” icon on your screen for that
channel. You have now added that
channel to the scan list.
• Press DEL on the soft key. This will
remove the “Z” icon on your screen for
that channel and remove it form the
SCAN list.
• The RCL soft key scrolls through what
channels you have in the SCAN list.
• Remember that your priority is the
channel that you are currently on.
• The red dot next to “Z” icon tells you
which channel is selected for
secondary PTT on speaker mic
How to Build Your CMD Zone
• and are
reserved for the user to setup as
their own.
• Move to one of the zones. They
will be blank initially when you
receive your radio.
• A soft key “ZnPr” will appear on a
blank channel. Press this key.
• Press ”Edit”
• Press ”Sel” to enter List Selection
• Go to the desired zone that the
channel lives in and press “Sel”
• Go to the desired channel you wish
to select in that zone and press
“Sel”
• You have now added that channel
to that CMD zone.
• Continue the same process until
the CMD zone is setup how you
want it.
• Press the “Exit” soft key to exit
program zone.
How to Remove a Channel From CMD Zone
• Go to the desired CMD Zone you wish to
edit.
• A “ZnPr” soft key will appear.
• Press the “ZnPr” soft key and you are now
in the program zone screen once again.
• Move to the desired channel you want to
delete and press the “Del” soft key. The
channel will then be removed and the
screen will now show that channel location
as “Blank”.
• Continue the same procedure until you are
satisfied with your editing and press the
“Exit” soft key when finished to exit program
zone.
How to FPP (Field Program) a Channel
•Scroll to the right using your keypad to change the
soft keys until “FPP” appears.
•Select “FPP” buy pressing the soft key.
•You will be required to enter a password. Enter
and press the “Ok” soft key.
•Scroll down to “Zn/Ch Param” and press “Sel” soft
key.
•The only zone you can field program is and
it will appear on the screen. Press “Sel” soft key.
•There are 20 channels in this zone that you can
build labeled FPP 1-20.
•Select a desired channel and press the “Sel”soft
key.
•You are now able to fully customize this one
channel and manipulate the Tx, Rx, MPL, Tx PL, Rx
PL, Channel Name etc....
•After every input is made, you must use the
“Save” soft key to keep the changes.
•When you are finished press the “Back” soft key
several times and then the “Exit” soft key to exit
FPP (Field Programming).
The Prfl Soft Key
•The Profile (Prfl) soft key is used for different environments. Motorola feels that this is a
good option to use in loud environments. It has the ability to cancel out background noises.
•Default setting should be used on a normal basis.
•Surveillance setting quiets the audio as well as turns off all the lights on the screen. This is
more for law enforcement and I don’t see us using that setting much at all
•Loud audio and Xtreme 1_Sided would be beneficial with loud background noise on
transmissions (i.e. being at the pump panel or with a chainsaw running in the background).
•Each individual should practice with these settings to understand how the radio will perform.
•Testing is still being done on our part to see the difference between the settings.
Food For Thought
•The radio functions much like our old XTS2500 radios.
•MPL is channel specific unlike our old radios
•It will be the users responsibility to manage the radio as their own equipment.
•Ensure your battery is fully charged at the start of the shift.
Automatic Aid and Mutual Aid Radio Procedures
For Cal Fire Incidents in SLO County
1.
San Luis Obispo City FD
B- Pillar Blow out
“Specs and Procedures”
B Pillar blow out
Complete Side Removal
Technique
San Luis Obispo City FD
“right tool for the right job”
Truck 1
Spreading travel
>27 3/8”
Spreading/Pulling
>33,600/12,000 lbf
Cutters force at notch
=63,000 lbf
Engine Company
Spreaders distance
>14” (combi-tool)
Spreading force
>16,000 lbf
Cutting force at notch
>67,000 lbf (combi)
Cutting force at
central >28,000 lbf
(combi)
Considerations For UseConsiderations For Use
This skill is a variation of a total side removal.
Use whenever size-up indicates that the side of
the vehicle will inhibit patient removal. This is
very useful when confronted with jammed front
and rear doors. Remember that even an
undamaged ” B” pillar will usually interfere with
proper patient removal.
As with any disentanglement operation, proper
stabilization must be in place before we
proceed.
Overview
This skill involves forcing open the rear
door at the latch if it does not freely open.
A cut is then made parallel to the rocker
panel low on the B pillar. This weakens the
base of the B pillar and allows spreaders
to rip it from the rocker panel. The top of
the B pillar is then cut allowing the front
door, B pillar, and rear door to swing open
on the front door hinges. The front hinges
can then be cut removing the whole side.
CSAW
Cribbing
Stabilize & Seatbelts
Airbags
Windows
Airbags (5, 10, 20 Rule)
Creating a purchase point
( Vertical spread in window frame can be used as well)
Optional Vertical Spread
Forcing The Rear Door Open
Now that we have a purchase point we spread the door
down and away off of the rear pin.
Keeping the spreaders high on the door just below the
window opening will produce the best results.
The desired technique is to fold the door down and away
rather than force the door forward in the door frame.
Spreading Door Off Pin
The “B” Pillar Cut
Now that we have the rear door open, we
will create a cut at the bottom rear of the “B”
pillar. This creates a failure point to allow the
“B” pillar to rip from the rocker panel when
forced. Place the mouth of the cutter as
deep as possible onto the “B” pillar.
For reference, this cut is near where the rear
passenger’s feet would be.
The “B” Pillar Cut
(Panel was visualized prior to Cut)
Cutters recommended over
combi-tool
Cut parallel to rocker panel
The “B” Pillar Spread
With the relief cut now in place to the “B”
pillar, we spread the “B” pillar from the
rocker panel.
The spreader tips will go between the
rocker panel and the lower portion of the
rear door near the hinge (a strong point).
As the spreaders open, the rest of the
lower “B” pillar should rip off of the rocker
panel creating a full separation of the “B”
pillar.
The “B” Pillar Spread
Insure rocker panel is cribbed and
spread below bottom hinge
High “B” Pillar Cut
With the lower portion of the B pillar now
separated from the rocker panel, we must cut
the top of the B pillar near the roof line to create
total separation.
Always remember to peel and peek the inner
plastic to visualize air bag inflators and seat belt
anchoring.
Monitor the patient space to ensure you are not
displacing material into the patient compartment.
Peel & Peek Prior To Cut!!!
High “B” Pillar Cut
High Pillar Cut
Whole Side Hinge
The B pillar is now separated at the top
and bottom allowing the whole side of the
vehicle to open up on the front door
hinges.
Simply forcing this whole assembly
forward may provide all the room you need
to extricate the patient.
Swing The Whole Side Open On
The Front Hinges
Remove seats for access to
multiple trapped occupants
Front Hinge Cut
The front door hinges can be cut in either
order, however to remain consistent with a
spreading operation, the upper may be cut
first.
Remember to keep feet and hoses clear of
the side panel as you cut. This entire
heavy assembly will fall quickly when the
hinges are cut.
Cutting The Front Hinges
Total side removal
B pillar blowout successful
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
Block 2 Knots
1. Bowline
2. Bowline around an object
3. Half hitch
4. Clove hitch
5. Square
6. Beckett bend
7. Double overhand bend
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
Block 3 Knots
1. Figure 8
2. Figure 8 on a bight
3. Figure 8 follow through
4. Figure 8 follow through around an object
5. Double bight figure 8
6. Inline figure 8
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
Block 4 Knots
Knots
1. Water knot
2. Standard Hasty Harness
3. Full body hasty
a. Front
b. Back
4. Swiss seat
5. RS1 Chest harness
Anchors
1. Wrap 3 pull 2
2. 2 Point self-equalizing
3. Tensionless
Conventional Forcible Entry
Class 2019
Objectives
•Define conventional forcible entry
•Tools
•Size-up
•Inward vs Outward
•Difficulty of forcing
Conventional Forcible Entry
•Method or techniques used to gain access
when routes are locked, blocked or don’t exist
•Usually preformed by two people
•Irons, 8lbs axe and halligan
Tools
•8lbs flat head axe
•Halligan tool
•Others…
Size-up
•Why are we entering the building?
•Where is the best entry to meet our
objective?
Size-up the door
•TRY BEFORE YOU PRY!!
•Type of door
•Construction of the building
•Inward or Outward swinging
•Signs of locking or security devices
•Other signs indicating difficulty of forcing
Inward Swinging Doors
•Hinges are in, swings in
•Recessed in the jam
Outward Swinging Door
•Hinges are out, swings out
•Flush with jam
Inward Swinging VS Outward Swinging
Inward Swinging VS Outward Swinging
Difficulty of Forcing
•Strength of door
–Material
–Decorative vs security
–Residential vs commercial
Difficulty of Forcing
•Construction/wall around it
–Wood frame
–Lightweight steel
–Heavy steel
–Concrete/block
Difficulty of Forcing
•Jam construction and material
–Wood
•Rabbeted stop
•Nailed stop
–Metal
•Lightweight
•Heavy gauge
Difficulty of Forcing
•Locks
–Type
–Number
–Location
–Security locks
–Maintenance
Forcing An Inward Swinging Door
•Shock
•Gap
•Set
•Force
Shock
•Top
•Middle
•Bottom
–Look, listen, feel
–May actually force weak doors
Gap
•Use the Adz end between the door and the
stop
•Pry up and down (easier opposite of the spike)
•With curved side toward the door, drive the
forked end in between the door and the jamb
•Continue to adjust the forked end by pulling
away from the door
•Drive to 1 ¾” in
Gap
•Push the halligan towards the door to create a
gap
•Secure the gap by placing the axe in the gap
•Remove the halligan
Set
•Position the forked end of the halligan into the
gap with the curve towards the jamb
•Apply pressure towards the door to release
the axe
•Drive the halligan into a depth of 1 ¾”
Force
•Ensure all are clear
•Force the door by pushing the halligan
towards the door
•CONTROL the door
Forcing An Outward Swinging Door
•Gap
•Set
•Force
Gap
•Insert the adz end in between the door and
the jamb
•Move the forked end up and down the create
space
•Secure the gap with the axe
Set
•Reposition the adz end in the gap created
•Pull the forked end away from the door to
release the axe
•Drive the adz end between the door and the
stop, pulling the forked end away from the
door as need to go around the stop
•Shaft of the halligan should rest against the
door
Force
•Checks to make sure 2nd firefighter is clear
•Pulls the forked end of the halligan away from
the door until it is nearly perpendicular to the
door
•Pushes the forked end of the halligan up or
down, opposite of the spike until the adz is
parallel to the ground
•CONTROL the door
Size Up Quiz
Drop Bars
County Command Net Repeater Sites
Command Net Descriptive Location Additional Info Key Points
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
Emergency Operating Guideline
May 21, 2008
Chief Local 3523
COMMUNICATIONS E.O. 101.00
Clear Text Page 1 of 2
GUIDELINE
The City of San Luis Obispo Fire Department has adopted Clear Text as its standard radio
format. All radio users shall use Clear Text when communicating over the radio system. No
Ten Codes codes are used when using Clear Text. Understanding and using standard clear
text terms (listed below) will facilitate brief, concise radio communications. All radio
transmissions should be as brief as possible while still relaying the intended message.
All radio transmissions should be formatted as follows:
To send a message;
• Compose a concise message in your mind; Think before you speak
• Key the mic, pause for 1 second (to prevent your initial words being lost due to
“repeater lag”)
• Say the unit identifier (or name if no unit I.D.) of your recipient
• Say your unit identifier (or name if no unit I.D.)
• Speak your message in a normal tone and volume, even in an SCBA
• For example, “City Fire, Truck 1 responding”
• If you receive no confirmation of message received, repeat their unit ID, followed by
your unit ID and wait for response.
• After response, repeat your message
To receive a message;
• Always confirm that you received and understood a low priority or non-emergency
message by saying you “copy” (For example, “Truck 1 copies”)
• Always confirm that you copy an important assignment or information with a brief repeat
of the assignment or information. (Truck 1 copies ventilation or Truck 1 copies downed
wires)
STANDARD CLEAR TEXT TERMS
Clear Text: Meaning or Example:
Standard Messages:
• Can Handle No additional resources needed/ E2 can handle
• Copy, Copies Message understood
• How do you copy? Request for report on transmission quality
• Loud and clear Transmission quality good
• Standby I’m busy, I’ll get back to you
• Unreadable Poor transmission or voice quality, noisy background
Clear Text Meaning or Example
E.O. 101.00
Page 2 of 2
May 21, 2008
Status Reporting: Status reporting for a single unit emergency response will be done on MDC
only. Status reporting for multiple unit response will be done on MDC for dispatch reporting
and on radio for IC reporting
• Responding Proceeding to an emergency
• On scene Arrived at scene
• Available (location) Ready to respond (location optional)
• Available on scene Still at scene, ready to respond
• En route to location Going to a non-emergency destination
• In-service Unit is out of quarters, not responding to a dispatch
• Out of service Unavailable due to mechanical or staffing issue
• Returning Returning to district
Directives:
• Move up (location) Provide coverage at Station 1 (or location)
• Fire or smoke showing Continue response code 3
• Investigating Unknown condition, continue response code 3
• Nothing showing Continue response code 2
• Cancel Stop response to emergency, available
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
Emergency Operating Guideline
Jan. 18, 2013
Chief Local 3523
COMMUNICATIONS E.O. 103.00
Personnel and Equipment Codes Page 1 of 3
GUIDELINE
Clarity and conciseness are essential to effective communication on the fireground. Normally,
multiple units operate on a single frequency and each radio transmission must be brief and to
the point. Specifically identifying the unit or individual to whom you wish to address your
traffic is a necessity.
When operating in The City of San Luis Obispo, personnel and equipment will be identified by
a clear text identifier for personnel or equipment type, followed by a number if more than one
of that type exists. Examples are Truck 1, Engine 2, Prevention 20, Prevention 21, Mechanic
1. Further explanation and a list of City Fire resources and corresponding identifiers are given
below.
The San Luis Obispo County Fire Chiefs Association has developed a four digit identifier
system that assigns each agency in the County a “thousand series” I.D. number. SLOFD is
assigned agency number 9100. Equipment type and specific number make up the last two
digits; i.e. 9141 denotes SLOFD (9100) truck company (4) truck company number 1 (1). Other
ID numbers for fire departments in S.L.O. County and resource typing numbers can be found
in the Appendices of the County Mutual Aid Plan (refer to EO 202.00 “County Mutual Aid
Plan”). Fire Department personnel should be familiar with this four digit system, as mutual aid
resources coming into the City may be using it and City resources responding out of the City
will be using it.
SAN LUIS OBISPO CITY FIRE PERSONNEL AND EQUIPMENT IDENTIFIER
The list that follows will be used to identify City personnel and equipment. The “Radio
Designator” column on the left will be used on a daily basis inside the City and whenever
practical while assigned to automatic or mutual aid. The column on the far right is the four
number identifier used under the SLO County Chiefs Association system.
Radio Designator Person/Equipment SLO County
4 number I.D.
Chief 1 SLOFD Fire Chief
E.O. 103.00
Page 2 of 3
Jan. 18, 2013
Radio Designator Person/Equipment SLO County
4 number I.D.
Battalion 4 Acting Shift Battalion Chief
E.O. 103.00
Page 3 of 3
Jan. 18, 2013
San Luis Obispo County Agency I.D. Numbers:
ATA Atascadero Fire
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
Emergency Operating Guideline
May 21, 2008
Chief Local 3523
COMMUNICATIONS E.O. 104.00
Command Communications Page 1 of 3
PURPOSE
The following are radio reports, terms, and procedures that will assist the Incident Commander
(IC) in communicating with other units and staff.
SCOPE
This policy applies to San Luis Obispo City Communications Division and to all San Luis
Obispo City Fire Department personnel engaged in emergency incidents.
GUIDELINE
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department will utilize the following command communications as
needed at emergencies to facilitate communications to other units and to Dispatch:
• On-Scene Report
• Condition Report
• Progress Report
All Radio Reports should be clear and concise, using simple language to provide all
responding personnel with an accurate mental picture of the situation as the Incident
Commander perceives it.
A simple acknowledgement from Dispatch following a radio report will suffice in order to
minimize radio traffic. However, resource requests will need confirmation back from Dispatch
as to type, number, etc.
Uncommitted companies stage on arrival and report to IC. If the Incident Commander desires
action other than that by the responding units, he/she must make specific assignments, such
as assigning companies, cancelling companies, rerouting companies to the scene, etc. No
responding company shall cancel it’s response unless specifically ordered to do so by
Dispatch or the Incident Commander.
E.O. 104.00
Page 2 of 3
May 21, 2008
RADIO REPORT DEFINITIONS
ON-SCENE REPORT:
The on-scene report communicates conditions initially visible upon arrival from the first-in
officer (initial Incident Commander or IC) to other responding units and Dispatch. The IC may
of course request additional resources that are needed. The IC may also at this point establish
Incident Command and name the incident (typically the address street, e.g. “Foothill IC”). The
on-scene report is not intended to replace a condition report based upon a thorough size-up of
the incident, but “paints the picture” for incoming units and gives initial directions if needed.
Key Statements included in the On-Scene Report automatically reduce or increase the
response code of incoming units. One of the key statements below should be included as part
of all fire response On-Scene Reports:
• Nothing Showing: - The reporting officer sees nothing and has enough visual contact to
feel comfortable in reducing units. All responding units will automatically reduce to Code 2.
• Investigating: - The reporting officer does not yet have enough information to make a
determination as to what may be occurring. Units continue at present code.
• Fire/Smoke Showing:- All units continue, Code 3.
Example: “City Fire, Engine Three is on scene of a one-story, single-family residence
with fire showing from second floor window on side B.”
Upon hearing the key statement, each responding company shall take appropriate action
without additional radio traffic.
CONDITION REPORT:
The Condition Report is a radio report transmitted to incoming units by the IC after an
adequate size up has been accomplished. The Condition Report indicates the current scope
of the incident, establishes the fireground strategy (offensive or defensive—see EO 701.00) to
be used, establishes how on-scene and incoming resources will be committed, describes
immediate actions being taken or needed, requests additional resources, and provides
relevant information such as access, wind direction, etc.
As per EO 704.00 “Two in—Two out”, if the initial Officer on-scene determines that entry into
the IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health) environment due to an imminent life
threatening situation is necessitated prior to placement of a 2-out crew, the reporting officer
should broadcast the following critical information (ASAP):
• Imminent Life threatening situation
• Entry being made—advise where entry will be
• Rapid Intervention Crew (R.I.C.) not in place and will need to be placed ASAP.
E.O. 104.00
Page 3 of 3
May 21, 2008
If not yet accomplished, the IC will establish the incident tactical channel as per EO 115.00,
and will be responsible to monitor both and the Tactical Channel.
Supplemental Condition Reports should be broadcast as needed to advise of significant
changes at the emergency scene, when important new information is discovered, etc.
PROGRESS REPORTS:
Progress Reports are broadcast on the Tac channel to ensure that the IC and incident
personnel are aware of the current situation. The IC requires progress reports (“position,
progress, needs”) from assigned crews, such as rescue group, interior attack, ventilation
group, etc. Reports from these working crews provide key information to the IC as decision
points in evaluating and formulating objectives, strategy, and resource needs.
The IC will then periodically transmit an incident Progress Report on the Tac channel to all
units on scene. The intent of this report is to convey the status of the incident and include
information that may affect the actions of incident personnel. Incident Progress Reports are
typically transmitted by the IC to on-scene personnel (and to Dispatch if necessary) every 20
minutes.
San Luis Obispo Cify Fire Department
Emergency Operating Guideline
January 14, 2013
Chief Local 3523
COMMUNICATIONS E.O. 115.00
Command and Tactical Channels Page 1 of 4
PURPOSE
To facilitate usage of Command and Tactical frequencies both for emergency incidents within
City limits and for Automatic/Mutual Aid incidents in County.
GUIDELINE
The usage of Command and Tactical frequencies by San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
personnel shall be performed in a consistent manner according to the following information.
DISPATCHING
All Emergency calls shall be dispatched on “ . The initial dispatch, travel
communications, re-assignments, in-service, arrival on-scene, and tactical channel
assignments should take place using “ . (An exception to this is mutual aid or
automatic aid where the only “ traffic would be the initial dispatch).
SAN LUIS OBISPO CITY COMMAND CHANNEL
The San Luis Obispo City Fire Department’s primary radio channel “ (
on most of our radios) is considered to be a “Command Channel”. During day-to-
day operations we often use “ for both a “Command Channel” and a “Tactical
Channel”. When radio traffic becomes congested or more than one unit is assigned to the
incident, the Incident Commander or Battalion Chief should designate “ as the primary
“Command Channel” and another radio channel should be designated as the “Tactical
Channel”. This procedure is automatically done when units arrive on scene of first alarm
incidents, and will be utilized whenever two or more City units have been committed to an
Emergency.
E.O. 115.00
Page 2 of 4
January 14, 2013
TACTICAL CHANNELS FOR INCIDENTS WITHIN THE CITY
When an Incident Commander or Battalion Chief determines the need for a tactical radio
channel (i.e. other than “ ) the following radio channels should be utilized in sequential
order.
• First priority “
CHANGING TO A TACTICAL CHANNEL DURING AN EMERGENCY IN THE CITY
All SLOFD units responding on a First Alarm Assignment must automatically switch to “
after arriving on scene and to advise the Incident Commander if necessary. Incoming
units may monitor while enroute (this may only be marginally successful since it is a
line-of-sight channel), but must continue to monitor and notify Dispatch (via radio or
MDC) using upon arrival. The IC/first-in unit will monitor both “ and “
. After being released from such an incident, emergency units will return to “ .
Additionally, whenever an Incident Commander wishes to use a tactical frequency (or more
than one) during emergency operations, for example when an incident that began with one unit
now has a first alarm, he or she may elect to do so. When selecting a Tactical Channel, the
following considerations must be made:
• How many “Tactical Channels” are going to be needed (and how will they be
assigned)?
• Which channel(s) will be the tactical channel(s)?
• Do all the units and personnel on scene have the ability to use the designated
channel? (If not what needs to be done?).
• When is the best time to make the change? (Usually early before it is needed).
When an Incident Commander is ready to make a change to a “Tactical Channel”, the I.C.
shall make an announcement on “ that a tactical channel is going to be designated.
E.O. 115.00
Page 3 of 4
January 14, 2013
The IC will then receive acknowledgement from the involved units. The I.C. will be required to
monitor both the Command and the Tactical channels.
CITY TAC 1 and 2
The City has direct control over the use of “ . They are our primary
tactical channels and should be used first for our “Tac Channel” needs. The department’s
primary command vehicles (Chief and B/C vehicle) are equipped with the ability to access the
“ repeater via channel # on the UHF (P.D. radio). This enables good
communications from the command vehicles to any unit equipped with “ capability
throughout the County. All other City units (by design) cannot access the repeater for “
and thus are limited to “line of sight” communication utilizing “ .
is our second tactical channel and should be reserved for special circumstances
during incidents such as:
• Moving routine traffic to remains in use for handling an
“Emergency Traffic” issue, such as activation of RIC—see EO 705).
• When an incident is large enough to warrant 2 or more tactical channels for its
management.
• When more than one large incident is being mitigated at one time.
• Daily Training
All Tac channels are direct, non-repeated, “line of sight” channels, except as noted above.
This results in limited effective range on incidents covering a large geographical area (Bishop
Peak and creek rescues for example). Units unable to communicate on Tac during these
types of incidents should use and advise the IC of this.
COMMUNICATIONS WHEN RESPONDING TO AUTOMATIC/MUTUAL AID INCIDENTS IN-
COUNTY
The following information is derived from the SLO County Fire Services Mutual Aid Plan:
When a SLOFD unit responds in-county to an “Assist Other Agency” (AOA), the Engine will be
dispatched and will be given the Command Channel and Tactical Channel. If not provided yet
by our own Dispatcher, the officer responding can obtain Command and TAC channel
information from the Cal Fire ECC. The Officer shall follow the following protocol radio
protocol:
1. The Officer will notify City Dispatch on that they are Switching to Cal Fire Local
11.”
2. the Officer will notify Cal Fire (call sign “ ) that they
are enroute using their 4 digit engine number ( etc.) Cal
are generally only used for Travel Nets where is a
Command Net for the San Luis Obispo City area and a Travel Net. What this means for
the Engine Company Officer is that he/she will initially respond on and then
will have to switch tones if traveling to another area that is covered by that tone (i.e.
North County area is
.
E.O. 115.00
Page 4 of 4
January 14, 2013
3. Once on scene the Engine Company Officer should report to “San Luis” that they are,
“On scene and switching to Command.”. ).
4. The Officer shall contact IC via Command or TAC channel, in that order. Sometimes
the only way to contact the IC is via the TAC channel assigned, so try that if
unsuccessful on the Command channel. If the SLOFD unit is first on scene, the officer
will notify ECC and utilize the assigned Command or TAC channel to communicate
findings and actions to incoming units from the other agency(ies).
The purpose of the Command Net is for the IC to communicate to the jurisdictional dispatch
center and for Command functions on the incident. For the San Luis Obispo zone, the
Command Net will typically be Cal Fire “ .
SPECIAL CONSIDERATIONS
• Dispatch will be using the Command Channel, not the Tactical Channels (they might not
even hear radio traffic on tactical channels).
• On large incidents White-2 is recommended for a Tactical Channel because several
agencies do not have the ability to use
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
1
The BK GPH COMMAND radio has a special feature
of having it’s own USER programmable
COMMAND GROUP
The BK radio frequencies are broken into 25 groups
with 20 channels in each group for a total of 500
available channels.
BENDIX KING
COMMAND SERIES (GPH-CMD)
PORTABLE RADIO
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
2
BENDIX KING RADIO
ORIENTATION
Channel Select
PriorityScan
Hi/Lo
5/1 watt
Volume
Squelch
Priority Light (green)
Busy
Channel
Indicator
(red)
Remember, when the toggles are toward the front, the feature is OFF,
when the toggles are toward the back, the feature is ON.
When programming, all features should be in the OFF position
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
3
BENDIX KING RADIO
OPERATIONS
How do I change
Channels and Groups?
Once you have determined the frequency or channel
you need, it just takes a few steps to get to the desired
group and channels. Here’s how……
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
4
Changing Groups and
Channels
• Turn the radio on by
turning the
on/off/volume knob
clockwise.
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
5
Changing Groups
• Next, press the # button on the key pad
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
6
Changing Groups
Next, press the desired group number ( 1-25) using the key pad.
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
7
Changing Groups
Next, press the ENT (enter) button on the key pad.
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
8
Changing Groups
You are now in your desired group. (this example is Group 3)
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
9
Just remember:
#ENTGroup Number
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
10
Now that you are in the right group, lets change channels.
Here’s how…..Grasp the knob and turn it until you reach the desired
channel. Now that was a tough one! With the GPH COMMAND,
you will hear a beep when you are either at channel 20 or back at
channel 1. A number bezel is not present.
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
11
Repeater Tones
• There are 16 California State
wide standard tones but there are
32 tones pre-set in the radio.
• To access them, simply press the
button that corresponds to the
tone your need.
• If you hear a beep while trying to
access a tone, another tone has
already been pre-programmed
and you will not be able to
change it. Unless by a computer.
• The tone number will be visible
in the display under the channel
name.
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
12
Repeater Tones
• In a nut shell, a repeater tone is a sub-audible tone
that is broadcasted as soon as you press the push
to talk button and “unlocks” the repeater for use. If
you do not have the proper tone for that repeater,
it will not operate correctly.
• Most Fire Departments use the same transmit and
receive frequencies but use different tones in order
to access more than one repeater.
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
13
Scan Feature
• You can ADD and DELETE channels from
scan
• So in this first part let’s ADD a channel….
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
14
Scan Feature
• Make sure the scan toggle is positioned toward the front
of the radio.
Scan toggle
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
15
Scan Feature
• Turn the channel selector knob to the channel you
want to ADD to scan….(look at the front display)
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
16
Scan Feature
• Now press the ENT button on the key pad. SCN will
appear in the display window above the frequency.
Repeat for any additional channels you would like to
scan.
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
17
Scan Feature
• Now move the scan toggle toward the back of the radio.
The “SCN” in the display window will flash. You are
now scanning.
Make sure that the toggle is set
towards SCAN
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
18
Scan Feature
• You can also DELETE all or part of the
channels in scan.
• So let’s DELETE a channel….
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
19
Scan Feature
• Make sure the scan toggle is positioned toward the front
of the radio.
Scan toggle
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
20
Scan Feature
• Turn the channel selector knob to the channel you want to
delete from the scan.
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
21
Scan Feature
• Now press the CLR button on the key pad. SCN will
disappear from the display window. Repeat for any
additional channels you would like to delete from scan.
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
22
Command Group
Operations
• One of the special features of the GPH-
CMD is that you can set up to 20 channels
from throughout the radio as a COMMAND
GROUP. You can use this in your daily
activities or at an incident. On an incident,
you can set the Command Group up by
using the Incident Communications Plan
(ICS 205) Ok..now here’s how to do that.
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
23
Command Group
Operations
• To ENTER a channel into
the Command Group,
simply go to the desired
channel and press the *
key. Continue this to add
up to 19 other channels.
The display will read
CMND CHAN…and the
sequence number it is in
the Group.
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
24
Command Group
Operations
• To DELETE a channel in the Command
Group, simply go to the desired channel and
hold the * key and press the # key. Continue
this to delete any of the other channels.
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
25
Command Group
Operations
• To DELETE the entire
Command Group, simply press
and hold the * key until the
display reads CMND EMPTY.
While doing this the radio will
omit a series of high pitched
beeps and as the group is
completely deleted the beeps
will become low pitched.
• At this point you must go into
another group or the beeps will
continue
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
26
Command Group
Operations
• Now to get to the
Command Group that
you just set up.
• Press the # key twice
(you will notice the
display will say a
Group number and
then GRP CMND.
• Press the ENT (enter)
key…you’re there
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
27
Locking the Keypad
• To lock the keypad, press and hold the FCN
key until the display reads LOCKED. To
unlock the keypad press and hold the FCN
key until the display reads UNLOCKED.
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
28
BENDIX/KING
MODELS
• There are several different models that you may see.
•EPH 14 channels per group up to 210 channels total
•GPH 16 channels per group up to 240 channels total
•GPH-CMD 20 channels per bank (25 groups) up to 500 channels total
•DPH (DIGITAL)16 channels per bank (25 groups) up to 400 channels
total
•DPH-CMD (DIGITAL) 20 channels per bank (25 groups) up to 500
total.
•LPH RADIOS ARE NOT ALLOWED, AND
WILL NOT BE PROGRAMMED ON
FEDERAL OR STATE INCIDENTS.
BENDIX KING GPH-COMMAND
TRAINING
29
IN SUMMARY
• Tones are accessed by pressing the key pad. If the
frequency is programmed with a tone already,
press the “0” on the key pad if you cannot access a
repeater.
• Have the Communications Unit program the
Incident frequencies (
ONLY
• If you have any questions ask the
Communications Unit Leader for further
assistance
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
INTRODUCTION To HOSE
HOSE
Fire hose is the connecting link between the water supply and the fire. It is one of the most
essential pieces of equipment in the fire service. It should receive proper care and
maintenance, in fire stations, on the apparatus, and on the emergency scene. The San Luis
Obispo Fire Department carries 1”, 1.5”, 1.75”, 2.5”, and 4” diameter hose on its apparatus
usually in 50’ or 100’ sections.
FIRE HOSE CONSTRUCTION
The San Luis Obispo Fire Department uses synthetic double-jacketed/rubber-lined fire hose.
This type of hose has good abrasion and mildew resistance. Hose with synthetic jackets may be
reloaded wet, since the mildew that forms is not harmful to this type of fiber.
Some pieces of apparatus have a booster reel that has 100’ of 1” high pressure hose that is
manufactured with three cotton braids, lined and covered with rubber. All booster reels have
1” couplings.
COUPLINGS
The San Luis Obispo Fire Department uses hose with anodized aluminum couplings. Hose
couplings, threads and swivels should be examined and repaired when problems exist. Swivels
should turn freely by hand, threads kept clean, free of nicks and easily be connected to another
coupling. Out of round couplings, that have been dropped or run over by vehicles, may be
difficult or impossible to operate. Couplings should be checked for cleanliness, ease of
operation and the gasket inspected when hose is being reloaded onto apparatus.
SERVICE LIFE AND REPLACEMENT
San Luis Obispo Fire Department hose is taken out of service according to the service life and
replacement schedule as follows:
• 10 years for 1” and 1.5” (wildland hose)
• 15 years for 1.75”, 2.5”, 4”
Most of the hose ages out rather than wears out from service.
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
INTRODUCTION To HOSE
CARE AND MAINTENANCE
Fire hose receives the greatest amount of use and wear at the fire scene. The principle sources
of damage to fire hose are from mechanical injury, heat, mildew, chemicals, gasoline and oils,
and from sharp folds in the hose over long periods of time. Proper care and handling will reduce
this damage to a minimum. Couplings should not be dropped. Hose lines should not be dragged
through burning embers, glass, or other sharp objects unnecessarily. Prevent hose from coming
into contact with gasoline, solvents, or oils. These materials can cause premature liner failure.
IDENTIFICATION AND NUMBERING
Each section of San Luis Obispo Fire Department hose will have a number assigned to it that will
remain with the hose for its entire service life. The number and sequence is necessary for
tracking and record keeping. Each section is numbered in the following manner:
• 50’ lengths – 2.5-03-09
• 100’ lengths - 2.5-103-09
The first number indicates hose diameter in decimals:
• 2.5
The second number is the individual number for the hose:
• 03 = 50’ section
• 103 = 100’ section
The third number will indicate the year purchased in two digits
• 09 = 2009
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
INTRODUCTION To HOSE
TESTING
All San Luis Obispo Fire Department Hose will be tested according to the following timelines:
• Annually – all 1”, 1.5”, and 1.75” hose (primary attack hose)
• Bi-annually – all 2.5” and 4” staggered years
All San Luis Obispo Fire Department Hose will be tested using the following test parameters:
• All attack hose will be tested at 300 psi for 5 minutes
• Soft suction hose (25’ of 4” for hydrant connection) tested at 200 psi for 5 minutes
Check for leaks, bulges, slipped couplings, etc.
Connected hose sections shall be limited to 300’ during testing (NFPA)
STANDARD APPARATUS HOSE COMPLEMENTS
SLOFD T1 and T2:
• 100’ of 1” Booster reel (T2)
• 400’ of 1.5” wildland line (2 hose packs)
• 100’ of 1.75” bumper line
• 200’ of 1.75” Transverse cross lays (T1 x 2) (T2 x 3)
• 100’ of 1.75” Hose bundles x 2
• 400’ of 2.5” Attack line
• 400’ of 4” Supply line
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
INTRODUCTION To HOSE
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
INTRODUCTION To HOSE
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
INTRODUCTION To HOSE
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
INTRODUCTION To HOSE
SLOFD E3 and E4
• 200’ of 1” Booster reel
• 400’ of 1.5” wildland line (2 hose packs)
• 100’ of 1.75” bumper line
• 200’ of 1.75” Transverse cross lays (E3 has 3, E4 has 2)
• 100’ of 1.75” Hose bundles x 2
• 800’ of 2.5” Attack line (200’ blitz line)
• 800’ of 4” Supply line
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
INTRODUCTION To HOSE
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
INTRODUCTION To HOSE
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
INTRODUCTION To HOSE
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
INTRODUCTION To HOSE
ow to Go From Repeater to Direct on the Mobile Radios
If you have found that you can receive, but nobody can hear you transmit, it is generally caused by having your
radio channel in the Repeated Mode and the people you are trying to contact are in Direct Mode or vice-versa. To
switch from Repeater Mode to Direct Mode follow the simple steps below.
On the radio, use your circular toggle control to arrow right and you will see more options for your soft keys.
The first soft option key in the second row is the Direct/Repeater key. Press this key to go from Repeater to Direct.
When you press the “DIR” soft button the radio will inform you what mode you are in (Direct or Repeater).
Auto X
San Luis Obispo City FD
Outline
1.Power Point (1 hour)
*EO (Extrication Response Assignments)
*Auto Industry (Hybrids)
2.Manipulative (6 hours)
*Airbags and cribbing
*Extrication/Stabilization
*CSAW
*B-pillar blowout
Goals and Objectives
Refresh skills
Inform and Educate
Increase Awareness of key areas on new
vehicles which can negatively effect
rescue
Vehicle Accident Statistics
1 person is Injured every 10 seconds
1 person is Killed every 13 minutes
Leading cause of death in children 6-14yrs
>41,500 people die annually on U.S. roads
9,000 result from roll-overs
8,500 result from front impact crashes
2,000 result from rear-end collisions
Technology
Present vehicle occupant protection
technology:
“SAVES LIVES”
Ironically
Same technology impedes our progress to
safely rescue and medically treat trapped
occupants
Auto Industry
Standard 2016
Create vehicles and light truck fleet almost
40% cleaner to environment
Increase use of lighter weight but stronger
materials
Increase use of non-metals
Have a Plan A
& Plan B
Think outside the box
ERG (Inform company)
Where is strength of vehicle?
Where do I push from?
What has worked in past MAY NOT work
now.
Hybrids
What is a Hybrid?
A Hybrid vehicle blends an efficient gasoline or
diesel internal combustion engine (ICE) and a
high voltage electric motor together to reduce
greenhouse gas emissions and increase fuel
economy.
On most Hybrids, the ICE does not need to be
running for the vehicle to be in motion (silent
running).
The electric motor drives the wheels directly or
assist in driving the wheels through a
conventional transmission.
Current Hybrid Models
Toyota – Prius, Highlander, Camry
Lexus – RX400, GS450, LS600h
Ford –Mercury, Escape, Fusion, Milan
Mazda –Tribute 2007
Nissan -Altima
GM –GMC Yukon, Tahoe, Sierra, Cadillac,
Silverado
Mercedes –MS450, S400. BMW
Honda –Civic, Accord, Insight
Wiring Color
All vehicle wiring above 60V is
mandated to be ORANGE
(any lethal amperage)
Hybrid ERG
Toyota Technical Information System
provide reference material which can be
downloaded
HRG 2000-2010 (Truck 1)
Hybrid Myths
Will I be electrocuted
if I touch a hybrid
vehicle in a crash?
No, no different than
safety provided for a
conventional vehicle
rescue. High voltage
system is isolated
from the body
chassis.
Hybrid Myths
Will I be electrocuted
if I touch a hybrid
vehicle submersed in
water?
NO, may be electrical
leakage, it will not be
detectable simply by
touching the body or
frame of vehicle
Hybrid Myths
Is it necessary to call
HAZMAT response if
the high voltage
battery pack is
ruptured during a
crash?
No, not enough
electrolyte in the
individual modules or
in the entire battery
pack.
Hybrid Myths
At a crash, is there a
chance that the high
voltage system will
electrify the vehicle
body chassis?
No, there are several
automatic sensory
devices that will stop
the high voltage flow.
Hybrid Myths
Can I cut the high
voltage line?
(orange cable)
No, per manufacturer
(considered lethal)
HID Lighting
“High Intensity Discharge”
Headlamps which produce an electrical arc
within a quartz tube that produces a light color
that closely resembles sunlight
Uses a step up coil to convert 12V to 25,000V
while in operation (4700 kelvin)
Introduced in the early 1990’s
Now available as an option by manufacturers.
Aftermarket available for any vehicle
Power Down Procedures #1
360 degree inspection
Observe dash for vehicle running status “ready”
Initial patient contact (Patient?)
Place vehicle in park, set parking brake
Turn ignition off (power button or key)
o Smart key?? Press power button once (no need to remove key)
Confirm “Ready” light off
Turn Off Headlights (HID)
Turn ON hazard lights (indicates 12v power; SRS)
Locate and disconnect 12 volt aux battery
Confirm hazard lights are off
o Capacitors will store voltage for a period of time (SRS inverter/converter)
Continue EXTRICATION PROCEDURES
“Wait, what if you can’t get to
ignition and turn vehicle off?”
Power Down Procedure #2
360 degree inspection
Observe dash for vehicle running status (if possible)
Initial patient contact
Locate and disconnect 12 volt aux battery
o Vehicle remains in “Ready” mode
Remove high voltage disconnect (if possible)
o Confirm power down (HID, hazards, “ready” mode)
Pull fuses in fuse box
o Starting with the largest first (green, yellow, blue, red)
If fuse block is not accessible, cut wiring to fuse block
o Capacitors will store voltage for a period of time (SRS, inverter/converter.
Continue Extrication Procedures
Transportation Incidents
E.O. 901.00
Automobile Extrication
Vehicle Extrication (14X) Assignment
2 Engines
1 Truck
1 Battalion
1 Ambulance
Operation Priorities
Size up
Scene stabilization
Vehicle stabilization
Victim access
Disentanglement
Victim Removal
Approach Tactics
Every vehicle involved in a MVA/Fire is a
Hybrid or alternative fuel vehicle
Every vehicle involved in a MVA/Fire has
16 airbags
Every vehicle involved in a MVA/Fire has
HID headlights
First Arriving Company
“ABC’s”
Firefighter
A- Activate flashers
B- Brake (Park); Battery
access
C- Controls
(power down; lights off)
Engineer
A- Airbag Cover (bring)
B- Badge vehicle
C- Chock Tires
D- D/C Batteries (aux)
First Arriving Company
“ABC’s”
Captain roles and responsibilities
A- Aware of response assignments “Announce”
B- Badge vehicle
C- Command Incident
2nd Company
Truck Company/Engine Company
Extrication Assignment (Group)
Read Wreck/Disentanglement process
Communicate
“CSAW”
Pry upholstery and peek (work with safety crew)
Rotate personnel
3rd Company
Engine company
SAFETY (Assigned to Extrication company)
Manned charged line; deploy
Cover exposed sharp points
Peek and Pry (work with extrication crew)
Ensure stabilization
Fluids down
Traffic management
Bystander safety
“Treat all vehicles as Hybrids”
Recap
Shutdown Procedures
Firefighter
“ABC’s”
Ready= Out!
Engineer
“ABC&D’s”
Airbags
Rules of approach
5
10
20
20” passenger space
Passenger side deployment
Captain
“ABC’s”
Announce
Badge Vehicle
Command
Resources
Auto X Conclusion
“AAA”
Awareness – gas struts; shocks and
bumpers. Approach 45 degree
Assignments
Accountability
Break out groups
Auto X
Airbags; Safety;
Extrication/tools
Stabilization
Paratech Rep
Holmatro
Engine Company
Ram (model 3350)
Operating = 10,500 psi
Max Spreading Travel = 29.25”
Max Force 1st section = 49,145 psi
Max Force 2nd section = 18,210 psi
Engine Company
Combi-tool (model 3150)
Operating = 10,500 psi
Max cutting force in cutting notch=67,600
Max cutting force at central cutter=28,300
Max spreading force at tips= 7,541
Max spreading force at back tips = 16,166
Max pulling force = 14,358
Max spreading travel = 14 ¼”
Truck Company
Rams (3340,3350,3332)
Operating =10,500 psi
Max spreading travel =11”
Max force 1st section = 49,145
Max force 2nd section = 18,210
Truck Company
Rams (3340,3350,3332)
Operating = 10,500
Max Spreading travel = 2 x 13 ¾
Max Spreading force = 36,460
Max Pulling force = 11,265
Truck Company
Spreader
Model 3242-UL
Operating pressure = 10,500
Max Spreading force = 12,925
Max Spreading force (back tip) = 19,595
Max Pulling force = 11,200
Max Spreading travel = 27 ¼’’
Truck Company
Cutter
Model 3020
Operating pressure = 10,500
Max Cutting force in blade center = 41,000
Max Cutting force in cutting notch= 63,400
Max opening at tips = 5 ¼”
Sawzall
Tunneling
Victim Access
“When its time to act, the time
to train has passed”
!
Hotel coil
Wyed lines
Stand pipe ops
• Two lines
• Bottom first
• 50’ extra
• Double female
Hoseline placement
• Stage coupling incorrect
• Stage coupling at doo
Ground work
Hoseline advancement
• Two man
• Three man
Shut down or reduce flow
Small GPM to bigger
Foot work
Nozzle man
• Calls commands
Back up man
• Off to side
• Directly behind
Nozzle up
Nozzle down
Nozzle left
Nozzle right
Hose strap
Curbs
Walls
Cars
San Luis Obispo
City
Fire Department
SLO City Nozzle Project
Fire Captain Sammy Fox
Fire Engineer Mark Vasquez
“As the first line goes,
so goes the fire”
Purpose and Goals
Evaluate and compare various nozzles and
configurations
Increase GPM
Decrease nozzle reaction
Update / replace older, outdated nozzles currently in
use by SLO City Fire
Why the need?
Increase GPM
• Today’s fires burning fast, hotter and reaching flashpoints
faster than 20 years ago – require more water on fire
Decrease nozzle reaction / nozzle pressures
• Decreased Firefighter injuries
• Decreased Firefighter fatigue
• More manageable hoselines (especially important for
departments with minimal staffing)
• Decrease workload placed on pumping apparatus
References
A Quantitative Approach to Selecting Nozzle Flow Rate and Stream, Vestal
and Bridge – Sac Metro Fire Department
The Nozzle Project, Snohomish County Fire District, 2006
Essentials of Fire Fighting (IFSTA), 4th Edition
Fire Stream Practices (IFSTA), 7th Edition
Fire Engineering Magazine
Urbanfirefighter.com, Ray McCormack, FDNY
Firetactics.com, Paul Grimwood
Current Equipment
SLO City Fire has a variety of 1 ¾” nozzles in service
which are approximately 20 years old
Elkhart 95 / 200
Combination nozzle
which requires 100psi NP
95 GPM Setting allows
for use with foam eductor
TFT
Combination nozzle
which requires 100psi NP
Nozzle Technology
In past in combination nozzles required a minimum NP
of 100psi
Combination nozzles now capable of same or similar
GPM flows at lower NP of 75psi
Numerous current studies showing new data on
benefits of smoothbore nozzles for interior fire attack
Break-apart nozzle designs allows for combination tips
to be used on smooth-bore nozzle – benefits of both
designs
Smooth Bore vs. Combination
Smooth Bore pros
– Higher GPM at lower PSI
– Greater amount of water
getting to seat of fire
(Decreased water damage)
– Larger water droplet size
(Greater cooling surface area)
Smooth Bore cons
– Fixed pattern / stream
– Not capable of foam ops
– Water supply issues
– Decreased reach
– Possibility of kinks from lower
pressure in hose
Combination pros
– Hydraulic ventilation
– Ability to perform foam ops
– Versatility of fog pattern
variation
Combination cons
– Smaller water droplet size
– Steam burns
– Introduces air into fire
environment
– Increased thermal layer
disruption
Nozzle Reaction
Newton's third law - states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
To the firefighter this means that as water is projected from a nozzle, the nozzle tends to recoil in the opposite direction.
Nozzle reaction is calculated with the following formula:
• NR = 0.0505 (GPM) (Square root of NP) – combination
• NR = 1.55 (D2) (NP) – Smooth bore
Nozzle Reaction Studies
Paul Grimwood 1
• 1 FF – 60psi NR
• 2 FF – 75psi NR
• 3 FF – 95 psi NR
Andrew Fredericks / FNDY 2
“Studies have shown that a nozzle reaction force exceeding approximately 70 pounds is
too difficult for a single firefighter to handle safely.”
Endnotes:
1. “Firefighting Nozzle Reaction” - Paul Grimwood, Firetactics.com, http://firetactics.com/NOZZLE-REACTION.htm
2. “Improving the Quality of Your Solid Stream” – Jim Regan and Andrew Fredericks, Fire Engineering - April 2000
3. Fire Streams and the Aggressive Interior Attack” – Armand F. Guzzi Jr. Fire Engineering – February 2000
Armand F. Guzzi Jr.3
“… two-person nozzle team (consisting of a firefighter
assigned to the nozzle and a second member in a
backup position) can safely and effectively control
somewhere between 65 to 70 pounds force of nozzle
reaction.”
Evaluation Process
Side by side flow testing
Evaluation Process
Measured GPM Flow using GPM meter
Evaluation Process
PSI readings
using a Pitot Gauge
Evaluation Process
Ease of Use
Nozzle reach
(cone test)
Nozzles Evaluated
Elkhart 95/200 100psi
TFT 100psi
Nozzles Evaluated
Phantom 75psi Phantom 100psi
Solid Strike 50psi
Solid Strike Smooth Bore
Evaluation Results
Evaluation Results
(nozzle reach – cone test)
For the purposes of our evaluation we used
simple test involving cones. Each nozzle was
used to push a cone placed 50 feet away.
Each of the combination nozzles tested had
approximately the same result
The Smooth Bore nozzle exceeded these results by
approximately 10 feet
Recommendations
Solid Strike SB nozzle with Phantom 75psi
combination tip
Equip a designated crosslay on each apparatus with
this configuration
Consider implementation of Solid Strike nozzles into
our wyed line hose bundles
Supporting Reasons
Phantom 75psi combination tip
• Varies from 30–95–125–150–200 GPM
• 95GPM setting allows for use with foam ops
• Lower nozzle pressure / nozzle reaction
Solid Strike Smooth Bore
• Ability to rapidly change from combination nozzle to
smooth bore depending on the situation
• Ability to flow 200+ GPM at lower nozzle pressures
Questions?
Quarterly EMS Update
Intent: Provide ALS an BLS personnel quarterly scheduled training that will provide
16 CEU per year or 4 per quarter. Updates will be done on an ongoing rotational
basis.
Timeline: Quarterly updates will be administered on the following dates:
First week of January
First week of April
First week of July
First week of October
The following crews will be responsible for presenting the material for the
scheduled Medic Update; updates will be the responsibility of 1 shift for an entire
year, changing shifts each quarter. See attachment B for more information:
October 2020 4A Trauma
January 2021 1B Medical-Cardiac
April 2021 2B Medical- Respiratory
July 2021 3B Medical-general
October 2021 4B Trauma
January 2022 1C Medical-Cardiac
April 2022 2C Medical-Respiratory
July 2022 3C Medical- general
October 2022 4C Trauma
January 2023 1A etc….. Medical-Cardiac
Process: The shift that is responsible for presenting the drill will send the following
to the Admin Assistant 2 weeks before the update is scheduled to take place.
Ex. 4A will have to have their presentation material to the Admin Assistant by 3rd
week in September in order to meet the drill timeline of the first week of October.
Individuals will have 1 month to complete the assignment on target solutions. This
can be done in a shift, individual or crew fashion; we encourage this be done at a
minimum, with your shift.
Required material to be sent to Admin Assistant: (see attachment A for examples)
1) Course Outline
2) Presentation information (powerpoint, documents or videos)
3) Test Questions minimum of 10 ( True/false or multiple choice)
4) Test Answers
5) 3 EMT skills sign offs
Presentations will be 4 hours in length to meet the 4 CEU requirement per quarter.
You are to present pertinent information on current EMSA policies relevant to the
material. The powerpoint, documents or video recordings can be done from
scratch or pulled from other sources, ensuring they are pertinent and in line with
our current state and local practices. Don’t show a video from 1980 with someone
stacking shocks, applying MAST pants and giving two rescue breaths before you
start CPR.
You must also present a minimum of 3 case studies related to your topic, which can
be pulled from ImageTrend by a PC at your request. You must attach all associated
EMSA policies with your topic. You must present all medications associated with
your topic.
It is the responsibility of the crew presenting the material to provide each station
with any adjunct material they would need for the update such as, extra pelvic
binders for a trauma class, extra med drafter for a respiratory class, etc. The crew
presenting the drill will also be responsible for briefing the other two shifts at their
station on any prompts or potential questions that might arise on another shift. Ex
4A is presenting the drill, they should brief 4B and 4C on nuances of the drill in case
a question comes up when another shift is doing the update.
EMT skills to be checked off will be:
January- Trauma, Medical, BVM
April- O2 admin, Cardiac Arrest, Hemorrhage control
July- SMR, Penetrating injuries
October- Epi/Narcan, Childbirth
Tracking: Paramedic Coordinators will be responsible for assisting their shift’s
crews creating an update as needed. PCs will be responsible for ensuring all data
is collected and tracked in accordance with State guidelines for CE administration.
Attachment A
Course Outline Medical-Cardiac
1300-1400 Review Powerpoint on Cardiac Arrests
1400-1500 Review Policies on Pulseless Arrest, Cardioversion, SVT,
ACS, Vtach with Pulses, Bradycardia
1500-1530 Medication Review- Nitro, Atropine, ASA, Adenosine,
CaCl, Epi, Lidocaine, BiCarb
1530-1630 Case Studies
1630-1700 Test, survey
Presentation information (powerpoint, documents or videos)
- Attach the links, videos, files etc to an email and send to Admin Assistant
Attachment B
Medical- Cardiac
Topics you could present- review of how to analyze all rhythms and how you
should treat them. Show video on how to assess PQRST complexes of a rhythm,
what the norms are and how to treat them base on our protocols.
Target Safety has a large database of presentations on various topics.
To access go to:
Community Resources
Type in topic in “search resources” section, ex rhythm
Case studies that could be presented on this topic could be: all SVT calls this past
year or all Cardioversion incidents.
5
Fire Behavior
2
Objectives (1 of 3)
• Discuss the fire tetrahedron.
• Identify the physical states of matter in
which fuels are found.
• Describe the methods of heat transfer.
• Define flash point, flame point, and
ignition temperature as they relate to
liquid fuel fires.
5
3
Objectives (2 of 3)
• Define the relationship of vapor
density and flammability limits to gas
fuel fires.
• Define Class A, B, C, D, and K fires.
• Describe the phases of fire.
• Describe the characteristics of an
interior structure fire.
5
4
Objectives (3 of 3)
• Describe rollover and flashover.
• Describe backdrafts.
• Describe the principles of thermal
layering within a structure.
5
5
Introduction
• Understanding of fire behavior is the basis
for all firefighting principles and actions.
• Understanding fire behavior requires
knowledge of physical and chemical
processes of fire.
5
6
Fire Triangle and Tetrahedron
• Three basic factors
required for
combustion:
– Fuel
– Oxygen
– Heat
• Chemical chain
reactions keep the
fire burning.
5
7
Methods of Extinguishment
• Cool the burning
material.
• Exclude oxygen.
• Remove fuel.
• Break the
chemical reaction.
5
8
Fuel
• What is actually
being burned
• Physical states
– Solid
– Liquid
– Gas
• Combustion
occurs when fuel
is in a gaseous
state.
5
9
Solids
• Most fuels are solids.
• Pyrolysis releases
molecules into
atmosphere.
– Converts solid to a gas
• Solids with high
surface to mass ratio
combust more easily
and rapidly.
5
10
• Assume the shape of their containers
• Vaporization is the release of a liquid’s
molecules into the atmosphere.
• Liquids with a high surface to volume
ratio vaporize and combust more
easily and rapidly.
Liquids
5
11
• Have neither shape nor volume
• Expand indefinitely
• Fuel to air mixture must be within a
certain range to combust.
Gases
5
12
Oxygen and Oxidizing Agents
• Oxygen is required to initiate and
sustain combustion.
• Materials classified as oxidizers will
support the combustion of other
materials, even if no oxygen is
present.
5
13
Heat
• Required to ignite a fire
• Energy to produce an ignition comes
from a variety of sources:
– Mechanical energy
– Chemical energy
– Electrical energy
5
14
Chemical Chain Reaction
• Chain reactions continue to occur as
long as there is sufficient fuel, oxygen,
and heat.
• Interrupting the chain reaction puts the
fire out.
5
15
Chemistry of Combustion (1 of 2)
• Exothermic
reactions
– Reactions that result in
the release of heat
energy
• Endothermic
reactions
– Reactions that absorb
heat or require heat to be
added
5
16
Chemistry of Combustion (2 of 2)
• Oxidation
– Chemically combining oxygen with another substance to
create a new compound
• Combustion
– Rapid, self-sustaining process that combines oxygen with
another substance and results in the release of heat and
light
• Pyrolysis
– Decomposition of a material caused by external heating
5
17
Products of Combustion
• Combustion produces smoke and
other substances.
• Specific products depend on:
– Fuel
– Temperature
– Amount of oxygen available
• Few fires consume all available fuel.
5
18
Smoke
• Airborne products of combustion
• Consists of:
– Particles
– Vapors
– Gases
• Inhalation of smoke can cause severe
injuries.
5
19
Smoke Contents (1 of 2)
• Particles
– Solid matter consisting of unburned, partially
burned or completely burned substances
– Can be hot and/or toxic
• Vapors
– Small droplets of liquids suspended in air
– Can be oils from the fuel or water from
suppression efforts
5
20
Smoke Contents (2 of 2)
• Gases
– Most gases produced by fire are toxic
– Common gases include:
• Carbon monoxide
• Hydrogen cyanide
• Phosgene
5
21
Heat Transfer
• Combustion gives off heat which can
ignite other nearby fuels.
• Heat energy always flows from hotter
to colder.
• Three methods of heat transfer
– Conduction
– Convection
– Radiation
5
22
Conduction
• Heat transferred
from one molecule
to another (direct
contact)
• Conductors
transfer heat well.
– Example: Metal
• Insulators do not
transfer heat well.
– Example: Fiberglass
5
23
Convection
• Movement of heat
through a fluid
medium such as
air or a liquid
• Creates
convection
currents
5
24
Convection within a Room
• Hot gases rise, then travel horizontally.
• Gases then bank down a wall or move
outside the room.
– Horizontally
– Vertically
5
25
Radiation
• Transfer of heat in
the form of an
invisible wave
• Heat radiated to a
nearby structure can
ignite it.
• Radiated heat
passing through a
window can ignite
an object.
5
26
Liquid Fuel Fires (1 of 3)
• A liquid must vaporize before it burns.
• A minimum and maximum concentration
of vapors must be present to ignite.
• Most flammable liquids can ignite well
below their boiling point.
5
27
Liquid Fuel Fires (2 of 3)
• Conditions required for ignition:
– Fuel-air mixture within flammable limits
– An ignition source with sufficient energy
– Sustained contact between ignition source and
fuel-air mixture
5
28
Liquid Fuel Fires (3 of 3)
• Flash point
– Lowest temperature at which vapor is produced
• Flame point (or fire point)
– Lowest temperature at which sufficient vapors are
produced to support a small flame for a short time
• Ignition temperature
– Temperature at which the fuel-air mixture will
spontaneously ignite
5
29
Gas Fuel Fires (1 of 2)
• Vapor Density
– Weight of a gas fuel
– Gas with vapor density less than 1.0 will rise.
– Gas with vapor density greater than 1.0 will settle.
– Knowing vapor density helps predict where the
danger of ignition will be.
5
30
Gas Fuel Fires (2 of 2)
• Fuel-air mixtures only burn when mixed
in certain concentrations.
• Flammability/explosive limits
– Below the lower flammability limit
• Too little fuel = too lean
– Above the upper flammability limit
• Too much fuel = too rich
5
31
BLEVE (1 of 3)
•Boiling liquid, expanding vapor
explosion
• Occurs when a tank storing liquid fuel
under pressure is heated excessively
5
32
BLEVE (2 of 3)
• Sequence:
– Tank is heated
– Internal pressure rises beyond ability to vent
– Tank fails catastrophically
– Liquid fuel at or above boiling point is released
– Liquid immediately turns into a rapidly expanding
cloud of vapor
– Vapor ignites into a huge fireball
5
33
BLEVE (3 of 3)
• BLEVEs can injure and even kill fire
fighters and civilians.
– Fireball created by the ignition of expanding
vapors
– Large pieces of the tank propelled great
distances
5
34
Classes of Fire (1 of 2)
• Fires classified according to type of
fuel
• Extinguishing agents classified to
match type(s) of fires they extinguish
• A fire can fit into more than one class.
5
35
Classes of Fire (2 of 2)
• Five classes of fires:
– Class A
– Class B
– Class C
– Class D
– Class K
5
36
Class A
• Fuel: Ordinary solid combustibles
– Wood
– Paper
– Cloth
• Extinguishing agents:
– Water (cools the fuel)
5
37
Class B
• Fuel: Flammable or combustible liquids
– Gasoline
– Kerosene
– Oils
• Extinguishing agents:
– Foam or carbon dioxide
– Dry chemicals
5
38
Class C
• Fuel: Energized electrical equipment
– Underlying fuel is often Class A or Class B
– Special classification required due to electrical
hazards
• Extinguishing agents:
– Carbon dioxide
– Use of water is not advised.
• Be sure to shut off power before using water.
5
39
Class D
• Fuel: Burning metals
– Potassium
– Lithium
– Magnesium
• Extinguishing agents:
– Special salt-based powders or dry sand
– Do NOT use water.
5
40
Class K
• Fuel: Combustible cooking media
– Cooking oils
– Grease
• Extinguishing agents:
– Designation is new and coincides with a new
classification of Class K extinguishing agents
5
41
Phases of Fire
• Four distinct phases:
– Ignition
– Growth
– Fully Developed
– Decay
5
42
Ignition Phase
• Fuel, heat, and oxygen are
present
• Fuel is heated to its ignition
temperature
5
43
Growth Phase
• Additional fuel involved
• Fire grows larger
• Convection draws more air into
fire
• Thermal layering:
– Hot gases collect at ceiling and bank
downward.
5
44
Flashover
• Point between growth phase and fully
developed phase
• All combustible materials in a room
ignite at once.
• Temperatures can reach 1000°F.
• Flashovers are deadly!
5
45
Fully Developed Phase
• Heat produced at maximum rate
• Oxygen consumed rapidly
• Fire will burn as long as fuel
and oxygen remain.
5
46
Decay Phase
• Fuel is nearly
exhausted
• Intensity reduces
• Eventually fire will
go out
5
47
Characteristics of an Interior
Structure Fire
• Fire is fully or partially contained within
a building
• Building acts as a box.
• Special considerations:
– Room contents
– Fuel load and fire spread
– Flashover, rollover, backdraft, and thermal
layering
5
48
Room Contents
• Many fires burn only the contents, and
not the structure itself.
• Modern rooms contain many plastic and
synthetic materials.
• Furniture may have little resistance to
ignition from flaming sources.
• Wall and ceiling finishes can burn
readily.
5
49
Fuel Load and Fire Spread
• Total quantity of combustibles in a room
• Determines how much heat and smoke
will be generated
• Size, shape, and arrangement of fuel
will affect combustibility and fire spread
5
50
Special Considerations
• Four conditions particular to interior fires
that affect fire fighter (and civilian)
safety:
– Flashover
– Flameover (or rollover)
– Backdraft
– Thermal layering and thermal balance
5
51
Flashover
• Sudden ignition of all contents
• Minimal chance of survival
• Flashover often occurs just as fire
fighters arrive on the scene.
• Signs of flashover:
– Dense black smoke with tightly packed curls
– Dense smoke fills over half of a door or window
– Flameover (rollover) visible
5
52
Rollover (Flameover)
• A warning sign of imminent flashover
• Licks of flame ignite briefly in upper
layers of smoke
• Situation calls for aggressive cooling of
atmosphere, immediate exit, or
immediate ventilation
5
53
Backdraft (1 of 4)
• Explosion that
occurs when
oxygen is
suddenly admitted
to a confined area
that is very hot
and filled with
combustible
vapors
5
54
Backdraft (2 of 4)
• Usually occurs when a fire is smoldering
– Room is filled with carbon monoxide and other
products of combustion.
– Sudden introduction of air will explosively feed the
fire.
5
55
Backdraft (3 of 4)
• Signs of an impending backdraft:
– Little or no flame visible
– Smoke emanating under pressure from cracks
– No large openings
– “Living fire” visible
– Unexplained change in color of smoke
– Glass smoke stained or blackened
– Signs of extreme heat
5
56
Backdraft (4 of 4)
• Prevention of backdrafts:
– Ventilate at a high level to allow superheated
gases to escape
– Well-coordinated fire attack
5
57
Thermal Layering and Thermal
Balance
• Superheated gases collect near ceiling.
• Temperatures are lowest near floor.
• Fire streams create steam which
expands and rises.
• Prevention:
– Coordinate fire attack with ventilation.
– Use straight streams to minimize steam formation.
5
58
Summary (1 of 3)
• To be a successful fire fighter you must
know fire behavior.
• Characteristics of solids, liquids, and
gases are different.
• Fire triangle and fire tetrahedron
represent conditions necessary for
combustion.
5
59
Summary (2 of 3)
• Five classes of fire require specific
extinguishing methods.
• Knowledge of heat transfer is required
to understand how fires propagate.
• Typical fires pass through four distinct
phases.
5
60
Summary (3 of 3)
• Liquid fuel fires, gas fuel fires, and
interior fires have unique
characteristics.
• Flashover, rollover, backdraft, and
thermal layering are conditions that
threaten fire fighters and victims.
5
Wednesday
Warm up:
2 laps
25 jumping jacks
15 air squats
15 push ups
2 laps
Workout:
20 min time cap
20 Goblet Squats
30 push ups
40 sit ups
50 burpees
40 sit ups
30 push ups
20 goblet squats
Cool Down:
Static Stretching, you choose
Thursday
Warm Up:
3 laps
Workout:
On air with turnout coats- climb
up and down tower until you
run out of air
(climb up to 3rd floor exterior
stairwell, down interior
stairwell. Stagger half floor in
between each other)
*make sure you have 10 min to fill bottles. Stop workout
by 0735
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
RECRUIT ACADEMY
PT Submaximal Strength
WEEK 2
ENGINE 5: P/U Squats Burpees
Cpt -
ENGINE 7:
Cpt –
Workout- Submaximal Strength
Max pushups 1:1000 up/down pace (stop when they have bad form)
REST 3 min
Max air squats in 2 minutes
REST 5 min
All- Max Burpees in 7 min.
Week 1
Monday
Dynamic warm ups/ static stretching
- Review and teach the PFT dynamic
warm up. Have cadets perform the
warm up. This will be the warm up
for the remainder of the academy.
- Show cadets static stretching
- Review the movements for the
week’s workouts
Tuesday
1) Dynamic Warm-Up 5 min
2) Workout- submaximal strength
EMOM 21(every minute on the minute rotate stations)
use clock
*focus on keeping the intensity high during the 40 sec of
work. 20 sec of rest while you rotate to the next station.
(If Academy Instructors Join, add 2 more stations to the
workout)
Station 1- 40 sec 1 arm DB hold L arm
Station 2- 40 sec 1 arm DB hold R arm
Station 3- 40 sec row, fast pace
Station 4- REST
Station 5- 40 sec air squats
Station 6- 40 sec plank
Station 7- 40 sec KB swings
3) After 20 min, static stretch until 0745
Wednesday
1) Dynamic Warm up- 5 min
2) Workout- Submaximal Strength
Split up into 2 groups
- Max pushups at a 1:1000 up and down pace(stop
when they have bad form)
REST 3 min
- Max air squats in 2 minutes
REST 5 min
Then…
All- Max Burpees in 7 min.
3) Cooldown- walk to tower and back
Static stretch until 0745
Thursday
1) Dynamic Warm Up
2) Workout—Endurance
Sprint/ run down Santa Barbara Ave. towards
downtown.
Turnaround at 10 min mark
10min/mile pace.
In-Service Training 2014
In service new stabilizer strutsPower Point (15:00 min)R42video (26:00 min)
Scenarios (2:00 hrs)
Strut
Inventory
Engine
Compliment
Strut
Inventory
Truck
Compliment
Never side load strut
Never exceed working load ratings of struts
Never use a strut that is cracked, cut, bent
Never use strut without base or head fitting
Never modify
Never use a pin not provided by R42
Never insert fingers in hole
Never carry or lift without pin inserted
Never use when load is unknown
Extend strut between 45 and 70 degrees to
vehicle
Place strut against vehicle with the combi-
head firmly anchored, either in the “V” or
with spike driven through metal or chain slot.
Position strap from baseplate to vehicle or
another strut baseplate and tighten slightly.
When all struts in place, commence
tightening.
DO NOT OVER TIGHTEN STRAPS AND
MOVE THE VEHICLE
Vehicle on its side-
1 or 2 struts underside
1 strut hood
1 strut trunk
2 struts under the trunk
(typically “high side” due to motor weight).
2 struts back, 2 struts front
1 ratchet to marry vehicles, this prevents
rotation or sliding.
Vehicle under big rig/cargo
Lifted 4x4 vehicles
I.ID the cargo of all involved vehicles and
mitigate hazards.
II.Stabilize the larger vehicle.
III.Lower the smaller vehicle.
IV.Lift the larger vehicle.
V.Separate the involved vehicles and
extricate.
NFPA 1670, Ch. 6
Telecrib Binder at each station/Engine
Heavy Rigging On-line course
Anaheim 5 day
Corona firefighters 3 day
Break up into groups/Ratchet deployment
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
RECRUIT ACADEMY
APPARATUS ASSIGNMENTS
WEEK 1
ENGINE 5:
Cpt -
ENGINE 7:
Cpt –
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
RECRUIT ACADEMY
APPARATUS ASSIGNMENTS
WEEK 2
ENGINE 5:
Cpt -
ENGINE 7:
Cpt –
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
RECRUIT ACADEMY
APPARATUS ASSIGNMENTS
WEEK 3
ENGINE 5:
Cpt -
ENGINE 7:
Cpt –
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
RECRUIT ACADEMY
APPARATUS ASSIGNMENTS
WEEK 4
ENGINE 5:
Cpt -
ENGINE 7:
Cpt –
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
RECRUIT ACADEMY
APPARATUS ASSIGNMENTS
WEEK 6
ENGINE 5:
Cpt -
ENGINE 7:
Cpt –
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
RECRUIT ACADEMY
APPARATUS ASSIGNMENTS
WEEK 8
ENGINE 5:
Cpt -
ENGINE 7:
Cpt –
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
RECRUIT ACADEMY
APPARATUS ASSIGNMENTS
WEEK 8
ENGINE 5:
Cpt -
ENGINE 7:
Cpt –
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
Introduction to Recruit Training
`
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Congratulations and welcome to the San Luis Obispo Fire Department. You will be pleased to
know that you are joining a department with a deep-rooted appreciation of its history. Originally
established as a volunteer organization in the 1890’s, there is history of organized hose
companies in the city of San Luis Obispo dating as far back as the 1850’s. The San Luis
Obispo Fire Department became a paid organization in 1921, when a full-time fire Chief was
hired. Our four constantly staffed stations cover approximately 10 square miles of city, as well
as auto aid into the surrounding areas of the county. We serve a community of approximately
45,000, with an additional population of approximately 20,000 when Cal Poly is in session. Our
department responds to just over 6000 calls per year in a very dynamic response area. Over
the next 10 weeks, the training center at fire station 1 is where you will be provided with and
tested on, basic skills and knowledge necessary for you to become an integral part of our fire
department team.
CONDUCT
Long gone are the days when a Recruit Firefighter was a young man fresh out of the military.
Today, a Recruit Academy can be composed of men and women of various ages with different
educational backgrounds, work experience, and physical abilities. No matter what your
background is or has been, you are now in a position to learn. That means that even though
you may have been a decision-maker in your former profession, you are now relegated to
following orders and obeying instructions from other people.
Because San Luis Obispo Fire Department strives to treat all people with dignity, courtesy and
respect the same shall be accorded to all officers, co-workers, and citizens. Chief Officers,
Captains, and staff are to be addressed by rank and last name, or by rank only if the last name
is unknown. Civilians are to be addressed as "Ma' am" and "Sir".
Discipline and accountability are key parts of training. Due to the hazardous nature of the
profession, lives may depend on the ability to respond immediately. All recruits shall respond
to supervisors' orders without question. Violation of any written or verbal orders, issued by the
Training Officers or found in Department publications, will result in improvement points being
assessed. Disrespect, insubordination, or any conduct unbecoming a member of the San Luis
Obispo Fire Department may be considered grounds for immediate dismissal.
FRATERNIZATION
To avoid the many distractions associated with the large amount of traffic at the Training
Center, the following guidelines have been established. While at the Training Center, Recruits
are not allowed to fraternize with members of the Department, except to politely acknowledge
a greeting. Recruits are not allowed to visit stations during off-duty hours without prior
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
Introduction to Recruit Training
authorization from the Training Staff. During the course of training, while in the drill yard,
recruits will not engage in conversation with other full-time members of the Department that
might interfere with Recruit Training.
PROFESSIONAL BEHAVIOR
The "offer of employment" letter sent to Recruits in October of 1940 by Chief A. C. Duree
contains a description of professional behavior that rings true today.
"You have been selected from the eligible list for appointment to the position of
firefighter on this department. The fact that you passed your examination and placed on
the list shows you were anxious to secure this position. I want you to understand that it
is up to you to make your position here secure. You will be furnished with the necessary
knowledge and material required for the duties of firefighter, and it will be up to you to
hold the job. We have no room on this department for slackers.... Do what work you
can see needs doing, don't talk too much, and you can make this your life's work.”
The badges that you will earn are more than mere number plates. Through them, your actions
will be reflected on the entire department. Respect the uniform and badge you wear as
something to be proud of, and don't try to chisel your way through life by their use. “To
emphasize the high degree of public trust placed upon the Department by the citizens of this
community, the professional behavior of Recruits will be evaluated throughout Recruit
Firefighter Training. Any evidence of lying, cheating or any type of dishonesty will result in
termination. Professional behavior will be evaluated in terms of, but not limited to, maturity,
personal grooming, punctuality, respect for others and initiative. Any evidence of behavioral
problems on the part of a recruit may result in a recommendation for termination. The conduct
of all firefighters shall be above reproach during the academy and throughout their careers.
Recruits may be inspected daily. At morning line up, all personnel shall be attired in a clean
work uniform in compliance with San Luis Obispo Fire Department grooming standards.
SAFETY
The firefighter's job is one of the most hazardous of all occupations. Recruit firefighters are
trained to function in a safe and proficient manner consistent with the aggressive firefighting
nature of the Department. Carelessness in any work routine, drill, or simulated emergency can
result in serious injury or death. Therefore, up to five improvement points will be assessed for
each safety violation. Repeated failure to comply with Department safety policies, practices
and procedures, will result in a recommendation for termination.
Due to the hazardous nature of the profession, safety is always a primary concern. In order to
promote safety related habits and attitudes, helmets shall be worn any time activities are
conducted in the drill yard beyond the drainage culverts (unless directed otherwise).
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Introduction to Recruit Training
The Fire Department is no place for horseplay or practical jokes. Although the inspiration and
intent may be harmless, horseplay and practical jokes have a way of getting out of hand to the
point where someone may get hurt either physically or emotionally. Be safe! Keep horseplay,
practical jokes, crude, and unprofessional behavior off the job.
TEAMWORK
Safety means working together as a team. Teamwork creates a synergy where a company of
firefighters working together can accomplish the tasks needed to mitigate an emergency in a
safe manner. Safe fire ground operations demand company integrity and teamwork always.
Companies should enter and leave a fire area together as a team.
During the academy, Recruit Firefighters are placed in companies that work together as a
team. The benefit of the team concept is that it permits a firefighter in trouble to be assisted to
safety by other team members. Although many firefighting tasks are completed by an
individual (e.g., using a Rotary saw) they are usually done within a team assignment (forcible
entry). Teamwork and cooperation determine the success or failure of any operation. The
Recruit Company should stick together from morning details to afternoon cleanup.
Each member also has an obligation to the team to stay both mentally and physically prepared
for maximum job performance. When climbing stairs in a multi-story building, the company is
only as fast as the slowest member. The success of a vehicle extrication is predicated on each
member's understanding of the strength and weaknesses of vehicle construction. A firefighter
who is a mental or physical "slacker" can slow down the entire company.
RECRUIT RESPONSIBILITIES
As a Recruit you have taken on a commitment that requires your constant attention. If you
become lax in any area of the Academy training, it may reflect on how you complete tasks. It is
essential that you understand your responsibilities so that you can work to achieve the highest
level of performance possible.
As a Firefighter you are a problem solver. In our profession, much of our work is done in
situations that are out of control. Therefore, firefighters must learn to control (both
professionally and personally) the things that they can control. Make sure all your personal
dilemmas and distractions have been handled. It is hard to be functional at work when you
have a personal crisis hanging over your head.
Keep your cell phones in your lockers. Cell phones should be used only when you have an
emergency situation in your personal life. In case of an emergency you can be contacted
through Fire Administration (805) 781-7380. The use of cell phones should never be a
distraction to the education process. Recruits have access to personal items during designated
breaks.
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
Introduction to Recruit Training
You are in the Academy to learn; ask questions. There is a lot to learn and asking questions is
one of the best tools for learning. Volunteer to try new things. Take initiative when you see
things that need to be done.
As a Recruit you are expected to make mistakes while learning new skills. That is why you are
in the Academy. If you make a mistake, admit it, correct it and move on to the next challenge.
But, mistakes cannot go on forever. Skills are learned during two-week "blocks" of instruction
and are followed by a block examination. It is during these two weeks that the Academy
instructors act as coaches, and mistakes are considered part of the learning process. Consider
the following example. During the third day of practice with a 16-foot straight ladder, a Recruit
is under the eye of the instructor as the ladder is raised multiple times. During one of the raises
the recruit makes a mistake and drops the ladder. The instructor will discuss what went wrong
and techniques to correct the mistake. No improvement points are assessed. In fact, the same
maneuver might be practiced multiple times to correct the mistake.
Improvement points for a skill are assessed for mistakes that occur during block examinations.
To continue with the above example; the 16-foot straight ladder is tested during the Block I
Skill Examination. If the Recruit mentioned above drops the ladder during the examination,
improvement points are assessed according to the grade sheet.
Once a Recruit has demonstrated proficiency in a skill during a block examination, the
improvement points associated with the skill will continue throughout the Academy. Continuing
with the above example, the recruit mentioned above has passed the skill examination for the
16-foot straight ladder. A simulated fire response is dispatched during the tenth week of the
academy. While carrying out an assignment during the simulated fire the same Recruit drops
the ladder. Improvement points will be assessed according to the grade sheet, which is further
discussed in the grading operational manipulative portion of this document.
PUNCTUALITY
Be on time to the Academy and to your station. Punctuality is an important career long habit
that is established the first day in the Academy. In the Academy, any tardiness will require a
written explanation from the Recruit to the Director of Training stating specific reasons.
A Suppression Firefighter is not relieved of duty until a replacement has arrived in the station.
Give yourself plenty of time to be in uniform with all your safety gear in place. As a rule of
thumb, if you are early, you are on time; if you are on time, you are late; if you are late, you are
Absent Without Leave (AWOL). AWOL will result in discipline up to termination.
ILLNESS OR INJURY
Keep yourself healthy. You are not efficient in the classroom or on the job if you are sick or
injured. If you are unable to report to Training due to illness or off duty injury, you must notify
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
Introduction to Recruit Training
the Training Division (805)781-7204 prior to 0700. Since the staff is at times away from their
desks, initially, a message left on voice mail is acceptable. Later, when the reception desk is
staffed by the fire department Administrative Assistant (normally 0800 hours), personal contact
must be made by calling (805) 781-7380 or (805) 781-7387.
Injuries that occur as a result of training are to be reported promptly. Treatment will be through
Med Stop or a local hospital emergency room. Due to the tightly structured nature of training,
failure to participate in five days of training presents a significant obstacle to a Recruit's
success. Any recruit who completely misses or is unable to participate fully in training for a
period exceeding five training days may be subject to dismissal from the Academy.
PHYSICAL CONDITIONING
Morning physical training (PT) is designed as a warm-up for the day's activities. At 0800, in
addition to stretching and physical conditioning, recruits may perform a modified "physical
agility" test. The strength and stamina of all recruits will be evaluated throughout the Academy.
Any failure to exhibit sufficient strength and/or stamina to complete a skill or evolution safely
may result in a recommendation for termination.
EXHIBITION OF A TENTATIVE DEMEANOR
During the Academy, you have a period of time to get over any fear or anxiety you may have.
Exhibition of a tentative demeanor after an opportunity to learn and gain confidence will result
in a recommendation for termination. A Firefighter may find themselves in life or death
situations that call for immediate action and must be prepared to risk life and limb, if necessary
and appropriate, to benefit life safety.
A Firefighter is a problem solver. The behavioral characteristics associated with a tentative
demeanor suggest someone who may not be able to step forward during adversity and solve
problems. The behavioral characteristics include, but are not limited to, the following:
*Failure to participate fully in any type of evolution because of fear, or uncertainty.
*Failure to participate fully in any activity that involves getting dirty or wet.
*Failure to participate in an assertive manner during field operations.
*Failure to participate in activities that are arduous and demanding
*A tendency to gravitate to the back of the class to avoid participation.
*A tendency to avoid making decisions about routine tasks.
STUDY HABITS
The Academy Instructors want to help you learn the methods of the San Luis Obispo Fire
Department to enable you to enjoy a long and successful career. But, the instructors are not
mind readers. If you have a disability that would require special accommodations that are not
obvious to the instructors, speak up. Instructors are available before and after class to help
maximize a student's potential. Don't be bashful, ask for help.
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
Introduction to Recruit Training
For many Recruits, this is the first contact with school in many years. Study habits have been
replaced with family activities and reading for information is now reading for pleasure. Getting
back to the swing of reading, writing, and arithmetic may take some real adjustment, especially
while trying to maintain a family life at the same time.
Have all your homework completed before class begins. It is almost impossible to get
maximum learning from the Academy if you do not complete the homework. The homework
assigned is designed to provide an adequate background for the class discussions, lectures,
hands-on projects and passing the tests. If you have questions, ask one of the Training
Captains before class, or better yet, ask questions during class. If you are having a problem,
others may too.
A big challenge to the probationary period is developing the right attitude for learning. There
are many distractions that keep one's attention directed away from school and studying. All
your attention needs to be directed towards school and getting the most out of your academic
classes and field evolutions.
There is only one way to get through the Academy with flying colors and that is to practice
good study habits. Only through consistent and applied study will you be able to understand
and use the information that is presented in the program. Without good study habits, true
learning is almost impossible to achieve.
Set aside time each day to study. Let your family and friends know your study hours. Tell them
firmly that you are not to be disturbed during this time. Be firm with your resolve. Otherwise
people will use this time for their own needs - conversation, tasks, or errands.
Get help immediately if you find that you are struggling. The longer that you wait to get help,
the further you will fall behind in your studies. Everyone wants you to succeed; department
personnel, the academy instructors, other recruits, your family and friends want you to
succeed. Give yourself a chance to achieve your goals by getting help when you need it.
After determining your study hours, find a place to study. Your study area should include a
table for working, a comfortable chair and adequate lighting. There should be no distractions
such as radio, television, or stereo. If there is not a study space available in your home
consider studying at the nearest library.
It is strongly recommended that recruits form study groups. Such groups provide moral support
and the broad base of knowledge needed to work through the homework. Study groups
succeed for a number of reasons. If you do not understand a concept, someone else in the
group can explain it to you. Conversely, if you understand a concept and others do not, you
can explain it to them. Study groups also help students learn to work as a team to solve
problems. This training comes in handy not only at school, but also on the job where every
emergency response is a team effort. Keep the study group size manageable so that everyone
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Introduction to Recruit Training
has the chance to participate fully.
EDUCATIONAL PRINCIPLES
Since the 1950s educators have classified learning into several "domains" and further into
"levels" within those domains. The San Luis Obispo Fire Department uses these principles of
education to deliver instruction and evaluate performance. First, the three levels of learning are
general knowledge, working knowledge and qualified knowledge. Second, the three
domains of learning are cognitive, psychomotor and affective.
LEVELS OF LEARNING
Commonly in vocational education, in order to better direct learning, a three-level classification
system is utilized.
In the three-level classification of learning, the first level is "general knowledge" and is
concerned primarily with the students' ability to follow directions and remember facts. This level
requires recognizing items in response to prompts and sufficient knowledge to relate the
information being learned to meaningful application to Firefighter tasks.
The second level of learning, called "working knowledge", addresses the depth to which a
student successfully recalls something which has been learned previously. In addition,
manipulative skills are developed to create a foundation for basic performance operations that
are usually of limited duration. Working knowledge is characterized by recalling specific
information and performance of basic manipulative skills with supervision.
The top level in the three-level classification system is termed "qualified knowledge". This level
denotes the process by which a student, faced with a new problem or situation, has the ability
to recognize common factors and bring new sources and types of information to bear on a new
solution. At this level, knowledge and skills are learned in sufficient depth for the student to
transfer earlier learning to a new set of circumstances. This includes reflecting on the
consequences expected if an action is taken. Manipulative skills are developed whereby
performance of a task is efficiently and smoothly executed without supervision.
Ideally, when recruits are assigned to the "floor" they are "tucked under the wing" of the
Captain and other members of the crew. An interesting aspect in the world of firefighting is that
the next run may be "the big one" when tasks must be done correctly and independent of a
supervisor. By the end of the Academy, Recruits must be able to function consistently at the
"working knowledge" level and approach the "qualified knowledge" level. During probation,
Firefighters begin to learn the "tricks of the trade" and must begin to function consistently at the
"qualified knowledge" level.
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Introduction to Recruit Training
DOMAINS OF LEARNING
Recruits are evaluated within the three "domains" of learning: cognitive, psychomotor, and
affective. More easily stated they are the head, hand and heart skills. The cognitive domain is
concerned with knowledge such as facts and figures. The psychomotor domain is concerned
with the development of motor skills while the affective domain includes the development of
attitudes and feelings.
The cognitive, or head, skills are measured in major part by written examination. But, when
instructors ask verbal questions about a subject covered in class or on the drill yard, they are
also evaluating cognitive abilities.
The psychomotor, or hand skills, are normally measured in the drill yard during manipulative
evolutions and testing. During manipulative tests, objectives are established for what is to be
done and how well. In addition, characteristics such as strength, balance and coordination are
observed and judged. A critical part of a firefighter’s job is to carry out manipulative skills
during emergencies while conditions are harsh. Therefore, instructors carefully observe
manipulative performance during simulated emergencies.
The final domain of learning is the affective, or heart, domain. The affective domain deals with
attitudes and is best measured by observation. When Chief Duree used the word "slacker" in
his 1940 letter he had probably observed someone who was not on time, not in uniform, not
doing morning details, and inaccurate in job performance. As instructors watch the interaction
and conduct of recruits during their daily activities, behavioral characteristics that might
indicate attitudes such as safety, pride in the job, and teamwork are noted.
The three domains, while classified separately, are not mutually exclusive. As an example, a
Firefighter involved in roof operations demonstrates cognitive skills in recalling roof
construction; manipulative skills while using a chainsaw and affective values by insuring safety
considerations are practiced.
GRADING STANDARDS
A. IMPROVEMENT POINTS
The categories for which improvement points are assessed include, but are not limited to:
* Written Examinations
* Practical Examinations
* Field Operations
* Work Routine
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
Introduction to Recruit Training
B. WRITTEN EXAMINATIONS
Quizzes will be administered periodically throughout the Academy and failure to achieve a
minimum score of 80% will result in improvement points being assessed. The CPR quiz
requires a passing grade of 84% in order to meet the American Heart Association Standards.
The improvement point total assessed for any quiz or block exam will be calculated on the
basis of total questions on the test. One improvement point per five questions will be assessed
for failure to achieve a passing score of 80% on any quiz or Block exam (e.g.-a recruit that fails
to achieve a passing score of 80% on 30 question exam would accrue 6 improvement points).
Written block examinations are conducted approximately every two weeks throughout the
"Operations" portion of Recruit Firefighter Training. Failure to achieve a minimum score of 80%
will cause improvement points to be assessed, and a formal counseling session by the
Training Staff.
Recommendation for termination due to inability to meet minimum written examination
standards will occur for (1) failure of the "Operations" final block examination, (2) failure to
achieve 84% on the Heart Association CPR quiz after 1 retake, (3) failure of a third written
"Operations" block examination, or (4) failure to achieve an overall quiz and examination
average of 80% at the end of the Recruit Academy.
C. EMT MANIPULATIVE SKILLS
The California Code of Regulations, Title 22, and the County of San Luis Obispo EMSA,
mandates manipulative skills that must be taught and tested during EMT training. Skill sheets
are provided to recruits and practice sessions are held prior to testing. EMT manipulative skills
are divided into mandatory skills and competency based skills. Failure to pass a mandatory
EMT skill after three (3) attempts will result in recommendation for termination for failure to
meet minimum standards. The mandatory skills are selected from the following classifications:
Patient Assessment, Airway Emergencies, Breathing Emergencies, Circulation Emergencies,
Soft Tissue Emergencies, Neurological Emergencies, Musculoskeletal Emergencies, Patient
Assisted Medications, Obstetrical Emergencies, Cardiac Arrest Management (AED) and
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).
Mandatory skill examinations are conducted at the end of the EMT portion of Recruit
Firefighter Training. Competency based skills are conducted throughout the Recruit Firefighter
Training. All practical skill examinations must be passed according to listed criteria on the skill
sheets.
D. GRADING EMT MANIPULATIVE SKILLS
Failure to pass any mandatory EMT skill test will result in a mandatory retake of that skill and
an assessment of 5 improvement points. The retake is conducted on the same day as the
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Introduction to Recruit Training
original skill test. If a recruit fails to pass the mandatory retake, 5 additional improvement
points are assessed, and a formal counseling session is scheduled.
A third attempt at a skill, if necessary, is scheduled for the following morning. Failure to pass
any manipulative skill test after three (3) attempts will result in termination due to failure to
meet minimum standards.
E. OPERATIONAL MANIPULATIVE SKILLS
During Recruit Firefighter Training, basic and advanced skills required of a professional
firefighter for the City of San Luis Obispo will be taught. Techniques and evolutions of the San
Luis Obispo Fire Department shall be performed in the manner described in the grading
sheets. Grading sheets are distributed to Recruits during preparation for the skills testing.
These skills are based on the occupational analysis for the position of Firefighter in the City of
San Luis Obispo. The occupational analysis conducted by the California State Fire Marshal
and National Fire Protection Association Standard 1001 Professional Qualifications for
Firefighter have also been used as references.
F. GRADING OPERATIONAL MANIPULATIVE SKILLS
Practical skill examinations are conducted approximately every two weeks throughout Recruit
Firefighter Training. All practical skill examinations must be passed according to listed criteria
on the grading sheets.
Failure to pass any manipulative skill test will result in a mandatory retake of that skill and an
assessment of improvement points. The retake is conducted on the same day as the original
skill test. If a recruit fails to pass the mandatory retake, additional improvement points are
assessed, and a formal counseling session is scheduled.
A third attempt at a skill, if necessary, is scheduled for the following morning. Failure to pass
any manipulative skill test after three attempts will result in termination due to failure to meet
minimum standards.
All manipulative skills will be tested according to the techniques and evolutions described in
the grading sheets that are distributed to Recruits during preparation for the skills testing. For
the purpose of grading during testing and simulated emergency situations, errors have been
divided into two categories, Major and Minor Errors. Major and Minor Errors can occur
concurrently and as such, improvement points can be assessed concurrently during grading.
Major errors are generally classified as acts or omissions that would compromise the safety of
personnel, jeopardize a victim's safety, or result in a failure to complete an evolution.
Committing a Major Error during a manipulative skill examination or simulated emergency will
result in the failure of the skill, assessment of five improvement points for each error, and
retaking the skill examination later in the day.
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
Introduction to Recruit Training
Improvement points for any Minor Errors will also be assessed. Minor errors are generally
those acts or omissions that, while incorrect, would not impair safety of personnel or
completion of the evolution. Minor Errors committed during a manipulative skill examination or
simulated emergency will result in the recruit being assessed improvement points.
G. FORMAL COUNSELING
Every effort is made throughout the academy to provide recruits with an awareness of their
progress, deficiencies and remedial requirements. In addition to counseling for quiz or block
examination failures, the Training Staff will counsel recruits whenever 25, 50, 75, and 90
improvement points are accrued. Due to the mixed schedule of classroom and field operations,
counseling may not occur at the exact point of accumulation. An accumulation of 100
improvement points initiates termination from the San Luis Obispo Fire Department due to an
excessive amount of improvement points.
Failure to pass any manipulative skill test after a re-take will also result in a formal counseling
session. The counseling session occurs prior to the third attempt.
H. TERMINATION
In addition to criteria for termination under the Civil Service Rules and Regulations of the City
of San Luis Obispo, termination of a Recruit's employment with the San Luis Obispo Fire
Department is indicated for any of the following reasons:
*Failure to achieve minimum academic proficiency in written examinations
* Failure to pass a practical skill examination after three attempts
*Accumulation of 100 improvement points
*Repeated safety violations
*Inability to participate physically in training (four days, individual or consecutive)
*Lying, cheating or dishonesty of any sort
*Disrespect, insubordination, or failure to exhibit a mature demeanor
*Exhibition of a tentative demeanor during any portion of training
During the termination process the recruit will sign all outstanding improvement point slips and
receive a letter of termination from the Training Staff. All Department issued items are returned
and the scheduling of an exit interview with a Fire Department Administrative staff
representative will be offered.
I. RESIGNATION
Prior to reaching criteria for termination, a Recruit Firefighter has an option to resign from
employment with the City of San Luis Obispo Fire Department
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Introduction to Recruit Training
PROBATIONARY FIREFIGHTERS
Upon graduation from the Academy, recruits are reclassified as "Probationary Firefighters" and
remain in this status for a minimum of one year. During this time, they are assigned to at least
two different stations and undergo the following formal program of testing and evaluation:
*Daily and monthly evaluation by the Station Captain(s).
*Two written proficiency examinations.
*Two practical examinations - - truck and engine.
Failure of a written proficiency or a practical skill examination will result in the following:
* An in-depth review of the Probationary Firefighter's performance prior to the
examination. Poor performance indicated on evaluations and a failure of a probationary
examination may result in immediate termination.
* A formal counseling session advising that failure of retake shall result in a
recommendation for termination.
* A mandatory retake of the examination.
* Failure of a mandatory retake of a written or a practical skill proficiency examination
will result in a recommendation for termination.
Upon notification that a Probationary Firefighter is experiencing performance problems in the
field, the Director of Training will meet with the Probationary Firefighter, assigned Captain(s),
Battalion Chief and notify the Deputy Chief. A plan of improvement will be formulated that
addresses the deficiencies noted to date. Failure of the Probationary Firefighter to show
significant improvement in the noted areas within the stated time frame will result in a
recommendation for termination.
ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW PROCESS
There are several administrative processes available to City employees that allow an
opportunity to formalize a complaint or a question and have it reviewed through the chain of
command. A complaint may be presented either to an appropriate supervisor, or the City's
Human Resources Office. At times, Human Resources is an appropriate channel for
assistance.
These administrative procedures are intended to facilitate the timely resolution of complaints,
ensure that appropriate action is taken and minimize the financial impact upon both the
complainant and the City.
Open communication fosters an experience where an employee can feel free to ask for
assistance and have confidence that their question is important to the department. Questions
asked and answered become the building blocks for future knowledge and experience.
During the Academy the Recruits receive information relating to the organization of the City
and the Fire Department, and City policies relating to proper conduct. The organizational
San Luis Obispo City Fire Department
Introduction to Recruit Training
charts depict the current assignment of personnel within the administrative process. If possible,
the source of the complaint should be addressed and resolved as it occurs, and at the lowest
level. As a general overview, within the Recruit Academy, the first point of contact for a Recruit
is one of the Captains assigned to Training. The "chain of command" moves upward to the
Battalion Chief at Training and then the Deputy Chief.
CONCLUSION
You are joining a long history of proud and aggressive "tailboard" firefighters. The history
includes "hands on" and "can do" attitudes. It's a history of tackling tough jobs and not being
afraid to get dirty. The history includes seeing something to be done and doing it. A San Luis
Obispo firefighter is proud to put up the flag or change light bulbs any day of the week. A San
Luis Obispo Firefighter is loyal and respects the Department history. A long and fulfilling
career is supported by consistent attention to detail, staying healthy, being physically strong
and mentally aware! We wish all of you great success in becoming a member of our
organization.
SIGNATURE
By signing this document, I am committing to uphold the department Mission, Vision and
Values. I am also acknowledging I understand the immense responsibility I am accepting as a
San Luis Obispo City Firefighter.
Name Date
ROPES AND KNOTS
SAN LUIS OBISPO CITY FIRE DEPARTMENT
ROPE
•½ Static Kernmantle Rope. 9,500 lb strength – 150’ and 300’ bags
•75’ Utility rope for hauling (Capt Rope)
•Polypropylene throw bags 50’
•Drop bags 65’ dynamic kernmantle
HARDWARE
•Aluminum Carabiners- 6000 lbs
•Steel Carabiners- 9000 lbs
•Pulleys- 9,666 lbs
•MPD- 11,015 lbs
•8 plate-
•Collection plate- 10,116 lbs
SOFTWARE
•Webbing- 4,000 lbs
•Anchor straps- 10,790 lbs
•Prussik 8mm- 4,496 lbs
UTV
•2- 300’ Lifeline
•Bridal
•2- 150’ Lifeline
•2- 40’ webbing anchor
•Victim harness
•3- class 2 harnesses
•Mule
•Collapsible stokes and backboard.
T-1
•2-150’ Lifeline
•2- 300’ Lifeline
•Webbing bag
•Victim Harness
•Class 3 harness
•Hardware bag
ENGINE COMPLIMENT
•2- 150’ Lifeline
•1- Class 3 harness
•Saddlebags
•2-MPD
•12, 15, 20 webbing
•collection plate,
•anchor strap,
•pickoff strap,
•eight plate,
•4 prussik,
•4” pulley,
•2 prussik minding Pulley
•6 Carabiners
•2 MPDs
The City of San Luis Obispo is committed to include the disabled in all of its services, programs and activities.
Telecommunications Device for the Deaf (805) 781-7410.
Daily Station Disinfecting
March 23rd 2020
Office Areas ☐Spray and wipe non-porous surfaces (i.e., desks, keyboards, door handles, light
switches, phones, radios, etc.) ☐Spray porous surfaces (i.e., office chairs, fabric cabinet fronts, recliners, etc.)
Dormitory ☐Spray and wipe non-porous surfaces (i.e., locker fronts, headboards, door handles, night
stands desks, etc.)
Kitchen Area ☐Spray and wipe non-porous surfaces (i.e., counters, cabinet fronts, table, chair frames,
etc.) ☐Wipe interior and exterior of refrigerators, wipe around water dispenser and faucets.
Dayroom Area ☐Spray and wipe non-porous surfaces (i.e., end tables, entertainment units, door handles,
etc.) ☐Spray porous surfaces (i.e., recliners, remotes, hard surfaces, etc.)
Restroom and Shower Areas ☐Spray and wipe non-porous surfaces (i.e., cabinet fronts, counters, fixtures, etc.) ☐ Wash bath mats twice a week, it’s a good idea to wash your personal towel twice a
week.
Utility Areas ☐Spray and wipe non-porous surfaces (i.e., appliances, door handles, light switches, etc.)
Gym Area ☐Spray and wipe non-porous surfaces (i.e., weight equipment, cardio equipment, etc.) ☐Spray porous surfaces (i.e., exercise pads, mats, etc.)
Apparatus Bay ☐Spray non-porous surfaces (i.e., locker fronts, door handles, light switches, etc.) ☐Spray door mats
San Luis Obispo City Fire
Competence-Courage-Compassion
The City of San Luis Obispo is committed to include the disabled in all of its services, programs and activities.
Telecommunications Device for the Deaf (805) 781-7410.
VENTENTERIsolateSEARCH
SLO CITY FIRE DEPARTMENT
OBJECTIVES
•What and When of VES
•Review Fatal Fires and High Rescue Profile
Incidents
•Review Victim Removal Techniques
•Hands on Victim Removal 1st and 2nd story
Vent Enter Search
•Size-Up- Good 360 and know(reliable source) location of victim
- Viability in certain spaces in structure
•Vent-Can use your ladder on 2nd story
•Enter-FF enters and scans room with TIC, Capt then orients FF
from window
•ISOLATE!!!! Most critical action to keep you safe
•Search-Search room for victim and remove with assistance as
needed
Vent
•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tkwpQ22cDFs
Enter/ Isolate
•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GCYeL8aPzuE
Search
•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ECg8bI-ZY0o
•Removal of victims
Al-Hill Fire
•E-2 arrived to find home 2/3 involved,
trees and bushes in front yard fully
involved. Approx 0200
•Report of elderly male possibly inside.
•Hydrant dead
•E-3 assisgned to pull additional line
•T-1 assigned to Vent
•E-4 assigned RIC
•E-12 assigned as backup line
•Elderly male found in back C/D corner
room by E-2
Villa Fire
•E4 arrived to find well involved C/D
corner. Report of elderly male
handicapped. Approx 0030 hrs.
•E-2 assigned to backup E4, met with
heavy fire which made searching
difficult.
•T1 assigned to Vent
•E-3 assigned to RIC
•Victim found in doorway of bedroom,
near garage door access.
Stephanie Fire
•E4 responded to report of alarm sounding. Nothing showing upon arrival, E4 investigated and all resources staged. Approx 0030 hrs
•E4 forces door after seeing light smoke and find well involved kitchen and living room.
•E-3 diverted from assignment of evacuation of exposure on D side to Rescue. E-3 performs VES on C side
•T-1 vertical vent
•E-2 backup E4.
•Victim found in kitchen hallway, visible from rear bedroom doors
Rich Fire
•E3 arrives to find fully involved right side of
structure, well established attic fire with fire
room collapse in garage. Wife tells E3 her
husband is in back bedroom, still inside.
•E3 performs VES on C side, eng left at panel
•T2 assigned vertical vent
•E4 assigned fire attack
•T1 assigned assist E3 with rescue on C side
•Victim was never in back bedroom, found
under rubble pile in garage
Lee Arms Fire
•T2 arrived to find well involved bedroom on A side. All
people reported out. 0300
•Girlfriend and boyfriend intoxicated and left candle lit
when going to bed. Candle caught bedding on fire,
boyfriend woke up due to heat and got himself and
girlfriend out. He then went and woke up roommates
who were in adjacent room.
•Smoke detectors removed
•Huge potential for fatality if boyfriend not their. Good
opportunity for VES rescue on B side
Victim Removal
•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BGUSZP2VmvI
•Firefighter carry
•Racking a door
•Double ladder
Operating Features;
Emergency button – When operating on any City channel pushing and holding will
send an emergency signal, with the sending radios ID, on Push and hold
button or turn the radio off to reset or stop the Emergency signal. Feature not
available when operating on other agencies channels
On/Off button – Push to turn on or off. All code 3 vehicles will have the radio left in
the on position so that the radio will turn on at vehicle start up.
Dim Button – Push to brighten or darken the screen display
CHANNEL KNOB
NOT
PROGRAMMED
XTL 2500 MOBILE RADIO
USER GUIDE
SCAN/PROG/ZNUP/ZNDN/DIR-
MPL
Home/Enter Button – Push and hold to take you back to zone 1, channel
or quick push to enter programming changes (scan, zone change, MPL/repeater
tone change).
Channel Button- Rotates continuously. Makes a beep at the to and bottom channel
within the zone.
Scan Button- Turns scan on or off
Prog Button- places radio in the scan program mode. Use to build or delete a scan
list
ZNUP/ZNDN Button- changes zones
DIR/MPL Button- When in DIR mode turns off (and back on) repeater tones to
create a local “talk group”. When the radio is on a repeated channel that has tone
select capability use this button to change tones.
Display Screen
• Top line displays; │→│ direct/non-repeated channel, Z in main screen scan is on,
Z in scan program screen meansthat channel is on your scan list.
• Second line displays zone selection (1-25)
• Third Line displays current channel selection
• Bottom line displays current function each soft key has; These will change as you
progress into a program mode
Using the XTS 2500
Transmitting
Depress the PTT button and wait about ½ second, on SLO City channels only, until a
short “beep” sounds before speaking. During this waiting period a data packet that
contains the radios ID is being transmitted. There is no ID data packet transmitted on
other agencies channels.
Channel selection
Rotate the channel knob to move up and down channel lists. The knobs has no upper
or lower stop point (it rotates continuously) and a “beep” will sound at the first and
last channel in that zone.
Scanning
To turn scan off or on push the “SCAN Button. If a continuos low hum is heard
there are n channels in the scan list.
Building and Deleting Scan Lists
• Push the program button
• Using the channel knob select the channel to be entered into, or deleted from
the scan list
• Push the SEL key to enter channel into scan list or the DEL key to remove
channel from scan list
• Push the RCL key to display each channel in the scan list
• When done programming the scan list push the HOME/ENTER key or key the
microphone to return to the main/operating screen
• SLOFD default scan list is Always delete other
scan lists and return the radio to this default after an incident.
Zone Selection
There are 25 zones organized in geographical areas, for the most part. is our
“home zone” that includes channels needed for in City operations, and automatic aid and
mutual aid close to the City. geographic groupings within San Luis Obispo
County. The remaining zones are the same as the Cal Fire statewide load and are
grouped by California Counties, agencies (Forrest Service, NIFC,BLM) or operations
(air, OES).
To Change Zones;.
• Push the ZNUP or ZNDN keys
• NOTE; To immediately return to from any other
zone and channel, push and hold the home/enter key when on the main screen
Tone Selection
None of is tone selectable. Not all channels are tone selectable
in the other zones. If you are on a channel that is tone selectable the DIR/MPL soft key
display will show MPL. Channel and tone should be given at dispatch. If unable to
determine which tone to select on a channel, use repeater tone map and/or repeater tone
list for SLO County found at the end of the zone/channel list in the radio manual. If still
unable to determine correct tone, once you are in the vicinity you will be operating in,
make sure you are on the proper channel, start down the tone list and key your mic on
each tone until you hear a repeater “chunk”. Confirm you have contact with IC, etc.
To Change Tones;
• Push MPL “soft key”.
• Rotate the CHANNEL KNOB to the desired tone
• Push “SEL” soft key
Activating Emergency Button
The emergency button is only used to send an emergency alert (EA) signal when a person
is in danger or need of help. The EA only works on City frequencies and is broadcast
on no matter what City frequency the radio is set on. The EA sounds a
tone and flashes the EA and user ID of the sending radio on all receiving radios and in the
dispatch center.
Sending an Emergency Alert
• Push and hold until a tone is heard. Signal has been sent
• To turn EA off push and hold button or turn radio off
XTS 2500 PORTABLE RADIO USE INSTRUCTIONS
Channel
A/B/C ring Antenna
On/off, volume
Emergency button
Microphone
LED
Screen light
Speaker
Push to talk Connector
Always covered
Does nothing Display screen
Key pad lock/unlock Soft keys
Enter(push)Home(hold) Does nothing
Navigation Button
(left –down, right-up)
Battery
Operating Features;
Emergency button (2) – When operating on a City channel pushing and holding will
send an emergency signal, with the sending radios ID, on Push and hold
button or turn the radio off to reset or stop the Emergency signal.
Display Screen (6)
• Top line displays │→│ direct/non-repeated channel, Z scan information
(see programming scan section), and/or battery icon indicating charge
status
• Second line displays zone and channel name “
• Third line displays radio seat assignment “
radio
• Fourth and fifth lines display current function assignments for the soft
keys.
Soft Keys (7) – Perform functions shown above them on screen display. Key
function assignments change in different screens
Channel Knob (9) – Selects channels 1-16 (see “Channel Selection below for
channels 17-20)
A/B/C Ring (10) - “A” position is normal /non-scan mode, “B” position is scan
mode, “C” position is direct mode allowing a repeated channel to become a “talk
around” channel
Purple screen light button (13) – Push to turn light on or off. Light also times out
automatically
Push to talk button (14) – Push and hold to transmit. Works with speaker Mic
connected also
Key pad lock/unlock (16) – Push to lock and unlock key pad for situations subject to
accidental key pad pushes like crawling in a structure fire.
Enter/Home button (17) – Short push is an enter key, long push takes you “home” to
Zone 1, from any zone and channel.
Navigation Button (18) – In the main screen, use left or right arrow to move to
“Batt” screen to check battery status. In channel, zone or MPL screen left or right
arrows to move down or up a channel, zone or MPL list. Up and down arrows not
programmed.
Optional Lapel Speaker Mic – attaches to the connector (5) on the right side of the
radio. The speaker mic or the blank cover plate must always be on the radio to
prevent contaminants from entering radio.
Using the XTS 2500
Transmitting
Depress the PTT button and wait about ½ second until a short “beep” sounds before
speaking. During this waiting period a data packet that contains the radios ID is
being transmitted.
Channel selection
Channels 1-16 are selectable with the channel knob or “CHAN” soft key. Channels
17-20 are only selectable using the “CHAN” soft key.
• Push “CHAN”
• Use the Navigation Button to arrow right for channel up or left for channel
down
• Do a short push on the enter/home key to enter the selected channel
Scanning
To enter scan mode turn the A/B/C ring to the “B” position.
Building Scan Lists
• With the A/B/C ring in any position;
• Push the “PROG” soft key
• Push the “SCAN” soft key
• Push the “SEL” soft key to enter the current channel that you are on
• Move the channel knob to the next channel you want in the scan list and push
“SEL”
• To view which channels are in your scan list use the “RCL” soft key to toggle
through the list
• To delete channels from your list push the “DEL” soft key
• Do a short push on the “ENTER” key to enter the scan list
• SLOFD default scan list is Always delete other
scan lists and return the radio to this default after an incident.
Zone Selection
There are 25 zones organized in geographical areas, for the most part.
“ that includes channels needed for in City operations, and automatic aid and
mutual aid close to the City. are geographic groupings within San Luis Obispo
County. The remaining zones are the same as the Cal Fire statewide load and are
grouped by California Counties, agencies (Forrest Service, NIFC,BLM) or operations
(air, OES).
To Change Zones;.
• Push the zone “soft key”
• Arrow left or right to go down or up zones
• Short push the home/enter key, depress PTT or move the channel knob to enter
the zone change
• NOTE; To immediately return to from any other
zone and channel, push and hold the home/enter key when on the main screen
Tone Selection
None of is tone selectable. To select a tone and get the screen
that has MPL (multiple party line) selection as an option, you must be on a “tone
selectable” channel. Not all channels are tone selectable. Channel and tone should be
given at dispatch. If unable to determine which tone to select on a channel, use repeater
tone map and/or repeater tone list for SLO County found at the end of the zone/channel
list in the radio manual. If still unable to determine correct tone, once you are in the
vicinity you will be operating in, make sure you are on the proper channel, start down the
tone list and key your mic on each tone until you hear a repeater “chunk”. Confirm you
have contact with IC, etc.
To Change Tones;
• Push MPL “soft key”.
• Use left or right arrows to move down and up tone list..
• Push “SEL” soft key
Activating Emergency Button
The emergency button is only used to send an emergency alert (EA) signal when a person
is in danger or need of help. The EA only works on City frequencies and is broadcast on
no matter what City frequency the radio is set on. The EA sounds a tone
and flashes the EA and user ID of the sending radio on all receiving radios and in the
dispatch center.
Sending an Emergency Alert
• Slide a finger down the front of the antenna to locate the EA button
• Push and hold until a tone is heard. Signal has been sent
• To turn EA off push and hold button or turn radio off
Checking Battery Status
On the display screen, line 1, a battery icon will display a rough estimate of battery
charge remaining with 0-3 bars; 3 bars means fully charged. When the battery has 10%
or less charge remaining the battery icon will blink, the LED flash red when the PTT
Button is pressed and a low-battery “chirp” (short, high-pitched tone) will sound. There
is also a battery status screen that displays rated capacity, remaining capacity and number
of lifetime charges the battery has seen. To access this screen;
• From the main screen arrow left or right to see “BATT”
• Push “BATT” soft key
• Short push “ENTER/HOME” key to return to main screen.
BATTERY CHARGING AND MAINTENANCE
Smart Chargers
“Smart” 6 gang chargers are at every fire station. These chargers automatically evaluate
the battery to determine if the battery needs a conditioning cycle or only a rapid charge.
The charger and battery are a “smart” system that will assure extended service life and
maximum charge possible for the high capacity nickel metal hydride batteries. Batteries
may be left in these units without damage to the battery. A conditioning cycle takes 4-5
hours. After a completed charge cycle the battery status will be displayed on the charger
screen. A key explaining the different color indicator lights is found on the top of the
charger. Batteries should be conditioned at least weekly.
To Condition a Battery in the Smart Charger;
• Insert that battery or radio with battery in the charger
• KEY POINT; Make sure that the battery is slid down the left side of the charger
so that the slots on the bottom/side of the battery fit into the tabs in the charger
• KEY POINT; Observe that after a few seconds the charger display changes from
“NO BATTERY” to “READING BATTERY DATA” to assure that the battery is
actually being charged. The charger bays are very positional
• The battery is done charging when the indicator light displays steady green and
battery capacities and other data is displayed on the charger screen
To Perform A Rapid Charge in the Smart Charger;
• Insert the battery in the charger until the read light illuminates and “READING
BATTERY DATA” is displayed
• Remove the battery and immediately re-insert into the same bay
• Assure that, after a few seconds, “RAPID CHARGE” is displayed.
• The battery should charge in about 1 hour
Vehicle Chargers
All emergency apparatus and some staff vehicle have on board chargers. These may be used on a
routine basis to “top off” a low battery quickly. Portable radios with batteries may be left in these
chargers as they provide a secure storage solution for radios.
In Vehicle Rapid Charge
• Place battery or radio with battery in charger
• Remove after steady green light indicates full charge
• Flashing green/orange light indicates the need to condition battery