HomeMy WebLinkAbout06/04/1996, 6 - APPRENTICE/FIREFIGHTER-I PROGRAM f
counciL 6496
ar6n6a Rep=
CITY OF SAN LUIS OBISPO
FROM: Robert F. Neumann, Fire Chief
SUBJECT: Apprentice/Firefighter-I Program
CAO RECOAD4E DATION
Consider a report proposing an Apprentice/Firefighter-I Program and give staff direction to
pursue implementation following adoption of the 1996/97 budget.
REPORT IN BRIEF
At the mid-year budget review, Council directed staff to explore ways to reduce the
Department's overtime expenditures. This report analyzes the possibilities of using a
combination, two-tiered Apprentice/Firefighter-I Program, consisting of Apprentices and
certified California State Fire Marshal Firefighter-I's. These positions would be filled by
temporary part-time employees.
The program is designed to take advantage of a number of associated benefits which include:
streamlining the hiring of full-time positions, creating a career path, meeting Affirmative Action
goals, augmenting existing staff, and assisting in controlling overtime.
The proposal has significant labor relation impacts which will need to be addressed.
DISCUSSION
Background
In the 1995-97 Financial Plan, the Emergency Response Program did not receive funding for
overtime staffing. It was believed that overtime would be offset by the filling of the three
Firefighter positions. This was not the case and staff requested funding at the mid-year budget
review. Council approved overtime funding for 1995/96, but denied a request for an additional
$120,000 for 1996/97. Council expressed a concern that even with the hiring of the three
Firefighter positions in July of 1995, overtime was still occurring at too high a level. Council
directed staff to develop overtime cost saving and containment measures. The
Apprentice/Firefighter-I Program is one of several measures being explored by the Department.
Staffing Level
An analysis of overtime costs determined that meeting the required minimum staffing level of
12 was the major source of overtime. The Department has developed its staffing level based
upon a combination of experience, modern technology and a scientific approach. Scientific
Council Agenda Report - Firefighter I/Apprentice Program
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formulas have been used by the fire service to calculate the needed equipment, water systems
and human resources necessary to prevent conflagrations and human suffering.
An independent Fire Department management study of 1995 indicated the Department's current
staffing level was at a minimum acceptable level. This study, as well as additional staff
analysis, also revealed that a 3-person engine company is the norm for cities of similar size and
population base. San Luis Obispo, at its current staffing level, does not meet this norm. (See
Attachment#1). We consistently provide three engine companies with 3 personnel and one with
two.
A number of nationally recognized studies indicate that a 3-person engine company is the bare
minimum to safely and efficiently initiate immediate fireground operations. On the fire scene
this configuration allows one person (Engineer) to remain with the engine to operate the pump
and associated support equipment. The remaining two personnel (Captain and Firefighter) can
then start effective firefighting efforts. In addition, emergency medical calls are much more
efficiently handled with a 3-person company, when assisted by the private ambulance company.
In the past, prior to June of 1995, the Department responded to emergencies using a different
configuration. The purchase of a combination ladder/pumper truck allowed the Department to
reduce the number of first-out response vehicles. We were able to eliminate the 2-person
Paramedic Squad moving those personnel to the engine companies creating a 3-person engine
company at three of our four fire stations. (The minimum staffing of 12 includes one Battalion
Chief to manage the four fire companies resulting in one station being staffed with only two
personnel.)
This new configuration solved a number of longstanding problems, which included:
• Two pieces of emergency medical equipment, plus the ambulance company, responding
"Code-3" was very inefficient and created citizen complaints and increased risks for both
the public and Firefighters.
• The Paramedic Squad, due to travel distance and increased response times and heavier
traffic congestion in the community, would be delayed.
• The Department's call load had increased to a point where oftentimes the Paramedic
Squad would be unavailable, which placed a 2-person engine company on scene without
the essential services of a Paramedic.
The Fire Chief feels strongly that reducing the staffing level below 12 would jeopardize both
safety of Firefighters and the general public.
The recommended program outlined below would assist the Department in meeting the goal of
providing 3-Person engine companies throughout the Department and reduce overtime
expenditures.
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Overview
There are many successful apprentice and reserve Firefighter programs in operation throughout
the State. Each is designed to accommodate the specific needs and desires of each department
and community. In all these programs, one key factor in assuring their viability is to allow
participants to gain credits towards permanent employment with the city. Properly organized
and managed, these programs can provide necessary personnel during periods of peak
commitment of Fire Department resources with significant savings over the cost of maintaining
a permanent standby force.
In addition to cost advantages and the assistance provided in emergency situations, there are
many other benefits to be derived from these programs.
• Help reach affirmative action goals through community outreach recruitment.
• Assure a supply of skilled Firefighters for future needs.
• Recruit from within the community.
• Allow examination and evaluation of potential permanent employees for longer periods of
time.
The following two sections describe the proposed Apprentice and Firefighter-I programs.
Proposed Apprentice Program
The Apprentice Program consists of temporary part-time personnel with limited fire service
experience who are interested in a fire service career. Apprentice Firefighters will work under
the general supervision of a Fire Captain or Battalion Chief and be assigned to work a variety
of schedules not to exceed 1,000 hours per fiscal year. During shifts, an Apprentice could
participate and assist full-time personnel in training, maintenance, limited on-scene tasks, and
fire prevention activities. When not assigned to a shift, an Apprentice could work with the Fire
Prevention Bureau, perform hydrant maintenance, assist the Department's mechanic and work
with Battalion Chiefs on special assignments. These responsibilities are designed to enable the
Apprentice to work toward meeting the California State Fire Marshal Firefighter-1 certification
and potentially advance to the position of Firefighter-I with the City. Apprentices will not
enter burning structures or other hazardous environments and will not count for minimum
staffing requirements.
Apprentice candidates must possess a high school diploma or equivalency certificate and an
Emergency Medical Technician-I (EMT-I) certificate. They must be a graduate of a California
State Fire Marshal certified Firefighter-I academy. The number of Apprentices will be
dependent upon the funding already available in the Department's Temporary Salaries budget
(approximately 3-4).
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It is envisioned that Apprentices will not work in excess of 1,000 hours per fiscal year. By
maintaining this limit, they will not become members of the Public Employees Retirement
System (PERS). Exclusion from PERS membership not only eliminates the 20% cost of public
safety retirement but also makes Apprentices ineligible for industrial disability retirements which
can have adverse effects on the City's retirement rates. In compliance with federal law, which
mandates some sort of retirement plan for all employees, Apprentices will participate in a
deferred compensation program which requires no City dollars and is funded by the employee
contributions. This is the program currently in place for all City temporary employees who fall
under the federal mandate.
Proposed Firefighter--I Program
The Firefighter-I would be a newly created, temporary part-time position within the department
assigned to on-duty engine companies. (The Fire Chief proposes, following negotiations with
the labor unit, to reclassify all existing full-time Firefighters to Firefighter-II level at the same
salary level.) Firefighter-I's would augment the on-duty staff and respond to emergencies with
"first out" units. They are available for immediate use by the incident commander at emergency
scenes and would be considered part of required minimum staffing (12). Firefighter-I candidates
must possess a high school diploma or equivalency certificate and an EMT-I certificate. They
must be Firefighter-I certified and graduates of a California State Fire Marshal certified
Firefighter-I academy, which is a higher standard that currently required for regular entry level
Firefighters. Whenever appropriate, the City will advance employees from the Apprentice
Program to Firefighter-I's.
The program would require that a certain number of hours be spent in attending and participating
in a specific number of drills and training sessions including routine daily engine company
training and specialized instruction designed for their development. This training will insure that
Firefighter-I's meet the City's standards and not jeopardize the safety of regular fire personnel.
However, as with Apprentices, these employees will not work more than 1,000 hours in a fiscal
year. This necessitates having nine Firefighter-I's. Although staff has set a goal of having one
Firefighter-I on duty 365 days a year, we anticipate that we will only be successful 75% of the
time in the first year.
San Luis Obispo County, Morro Bay, South Bay, Arroyo Grande and Paso Robles currently
have similar programs in place to help reduce costs. Even with the 1,000 hours per employee
cap, when the City's program is fully operationally, staff is recommending these trained
personnel be used to control overtime costs in the following manner.
■ Streamlining the Hiring/Initial Training Process .
New employees currently must go through a one-month in-house recruit academy put on
by on-duty fire personnel. During this time-frame recruits are not allowed to count
towards minimum staffing levels. Therefore, overtime may be generated (approximately
6,-Al
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$35,000 in 1995/96) when the 3 Firefighters were hired. Firefighter-I's would transition
immediately into the regular staffing pool and the in-house academy would no longer be
necessary. However, such an academy would still be necessary for employees hired from
outside the Firefighter-I pool.
■ Vacancies/Absences
While it is difficult to anticipate where and when long-term vacancies due to injury or
illness will occur in any given year, by using Firefighter-I's (no more than one per shift)
to fill vacancies and count towards minimum staffing requirement, overtime should be
significantly reduced. For example, an analysis of overtime has indicated that long-term
vacancies due to injury and illness and open positions have contributed to 25% of this
year's overtime costs. Similarly, by using Firefighter-I's to cover absences generated by
the use of holiday, sick, and vacation leave, overtime (approximately 45%) should be
reduced.
Program Issues
Prior to the implementation of either program, the following issues would need to be addressed.
■ Labor Relations
In order to allow Firefighter-I's to be included in the minimum staffing requirement, it will
be necessary to Meet and Confer with the SLO Firefighter's Association. Since
Firefighter-I's are temporary, part-time employees, they are not included in the
Association. By counting them in the minimum staffing requirements, the City is
effectively moving fire suppression duties out of the bargaining unit. It can be anticipated
that the Association may be resistant to this action. However, without including
Firefighter-I's in the minimum staffing count, overtime reductions will not be significant
although service to the community will still be improved through increased staffing levels
on engine companies.
■ Equipment
In order to contribute at the desired level of effectiveness, Apprentices and Firefighter-I's
must be assigned the proper equipment to perform assigned tasks. Costs for providing this
equipment are addressed under Fiscal Impact.
■ Training
Training is also a major key to the program's effectiveness. It is critically important that
Firefighter-I's, who will take the place of full-time Firefighters, be adequately trained to
competently perform emergency response duties. Not only is this training important to
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Council Agenda Report - Firefighter I/Apprentice Program
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assure proper service to the community, but to assure the safety of other Firefighters. On
the other hand, because we have a full-time staff of Officers, Engineers and Paramedics,
it is not necessary to expect Firefighter-I's to be responsible for performing incident
command functions, drive and operate pumpers or to operate in highly technical emergency
medical situations. In order to minimize the training impacts on the Department, we have
established the high entry level requirement of State certified Firefighter-I. To orient new
Firefighter-I's to the City's specific requirements, a two week in-house academy will be
held in the fall and spring.
■ Administration
A consideration in implementing this type of program is deciding who will be responsible
for organizing and supervising. As envisioned for the Department, responsibilities will be
assigned to the Emergency Response Battalion Chief, with assistance from the Training
Division. Consideration must be given to the fact that the number and types of employees
tend to turn over rapidly as full-time employment becomes available thus potentially
creating additional work load for Department staff.
■ Prognun Stan-Up
It is anticipated that to properly implement the Apprentice/Firefighter-I Program and begin
generating overtime savings could take nine months to a year. Some labor relations issues
must be addressed before beginning recruitment. While it would then be possible to start
the program, in order to include Firefighter-I's in the minimum staffing requirement,
significant negotiations can be expected. In addition, staff anticipates there are a number
of candidates currently available for the Firefighter-I position. Should this prove to be
untrue, a smaller program would be initiated, impacting overtime savings.
■ Other On-Going Cost Containment Efforts
The Apprentice/Firefighter-I Program is just one cost saving measure staff has explored
with the labor unit. We have been successful in changing current staffing policy that
requires a Battalion Chief be on-duty 24 firs. a day, 365 days a year. Under the new
policy, when the duty Battalion Chief is absent, the Fire Chief will, when working, cover
these responsibilities.
In addition, staff is currently looking at other means to reduce costs and overtime uses
which include: creating sick leave reduction incentives program, "contracting in" to
provide services for others such as we do for Cal Poly, hiring only licensed Paramedics,
using CDF/other municipal department reservists to augment our force, automatic aid
agreements with other fire agencies, and tiering employee benefit programs for new
employees.
Council Agenda Report - Fn efighter I/Apprentice Program
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Conclusion
As noted above, the Apprentice/Firefighter-I Program will have a number of overall positive
benefits to the Department. These include: more effectively managing overtime, augmenting
the existing staffing levels, assisting the Department with its Affirmative Action goals, and
increasing the service level to the public in both emergency and non-emergency situations. On
the negative side we can expect significant employee relations implications.
A copy of the proposed Apprentice/Firefighter-I Program handbook is available in the Council
Reading File.
CONCURRENCE
The Personnel Director has reviewed and supports the program.
FISCAL IMPACT
Anarentice Proemm
Currently, $16,000 is allocated for temporary employees in FY 1996-97. Through a
combination of reassigning duties and moving existing temporary employees into the Apprentice
Program, staff will be able to use these monies to fund the Apprentice Program.
&_efighter--I Program
Assuming nine Firefighter-I positions working an average of 750 hours in the first year and
1,000 hours a year in 1997/98, at an estimated salary of $6.25/hour with a start-up date of
January 1, 1997, the following costs can be anticipated.
1996/97 1997/98
Salaries 21,100 569300
Benefits including: 2,500 6,800
Medicare, Worker's Comp., Unemployment
Protective Clothing & Equipment 147400 59000
Medical Examinations 1.800 600
Total 399800 689700
Funding for this program is currently unavailable and will be requested as part of the 1996/97
budget.
Potential Openfte Sapines
The 1995/97 Financial Plan includes: $3,800 for overtime in Administration, $9,000 for Hazard
6 - 7
Council Agenda Report - Firefighter I/Apprentice Program
Page S
Prevention/Special Events, and $25,000 for Training. However, no funds were included for
Emergency Response staffing overtime. Given the Department's current staffing and the current
policies, practices and wide range of uncontrollable factors that can impact overtime, one-time
cost estimates to field 12 Fire personnel each day could range from $60,000 to $120,000. Past
expenditures for overtime have been as high as $363,000 in 1993/94. It is estimated that if we
implement the Apprentice/Firefighter-I program and are able to include the Firefighter-I's in the
minimum staffing level, we should be able to reduce overtime to approximately $34,500 per
year. However, since the Apprentice/Firefighter-I Program is not anticipated to be fully
operational until January, 1997, at best, and possibly later than that given the significant labor
relations impacts, it is not prudent to anticipate substantial reductions in overtime for the
1996/97 fiscal year. Therefore, staff will be requesting $60,0004120,000 (still under study)
funding for overtime for 1996/97 as part of the budget process while continuing to explore other
cost containment efforts, as well. Staff will report back to Council on a regular basis on our
success in these efforts.
ALTERNATIVES
• Modify the program by reducing its size and scope, while retaining as many cost saving
aspects as possible. Certain advantages could still be obtained, however, significant
decreases in the Department's overtime costs would not be achieved.
• Maintain the program as presented with the exception of excluding Firefighter-I's from the
minimum staffing level. This alternative would speed implementation, as it would not
meet significant resistance from the labor unit, but would fail to achieve substantial
reduction in overtime.
ATTACCENTI T
Attachment 1 Engine Company Survey
The proposed Apprentice/Firefighter-I Program Handbook is available for review in the Council
Office.
1p
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ATTACIEWENT #1
ENGINE COMPANY SURVEY
California State Frefig_hters' Association Statistics
106 Cities surveyed
6 No reports
14 Cities staff 4 Person Engine Companies
57 Cities staff 3 Person Engine Companies
28 Cities staff 3 Person Engine Companies
71% of all cities staff with at least 3 Person Engine Companies
Cities with for Four Fire Stations
Name Minimum Staffing Engine Company Staffing
Brea —
Chico 14 3
Downey 21 3
El Monte 18 3
Encinitas 12 3
Lakeside 15 3
Merced 12 2
Milpitas 15 3
Novato 20 3
Rialto 20 3
Santa Monica 30 4
Vacaville 14 3
Vernon — 4
Visalia — 3
Vista 16 3
West Sacramento 13 3
16.92 3
Cities with Population 40.000 -50.000
Culver City 19 4
Lompoc 6 3
Palm Springs 14 2
Petaluma 16 3
13.75 3
Comparison Cities Stas.
Chico 4 14 3
Davis 3 10 4
Lompoc 2 6 3
Monterey 3 11 3
Napa 3 13 3
Pleasanton 4 15 3
Redding 7 19 2
Salinas 5 20 3
San Clemente 3 14 4
Santa Cruz 3 11 3
Santa Maria 3 8 3
3.6 12.8 3.1
San Luis Obispo 4 12 3/2