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HomeMy WebLinkAboutCity of San Luis Obispo -Website Accessibility Review-Final 09.28.2018 Website Accessibility Review City of San Luis Obispo 990 Palm Street San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 Prepared by: Disability Access Consultants (800) 743-7067 1 Report Prepared for City of San Luis Obispo August 2018 City of San Luis Obispo Website Accessibility Review This comprehensive review was conducted by Disability Access Consultants, LLC (DAC) and includes a review of the City of San Luis Obispo’s Home Page and major links and sub-links from the Home Page. The review was performed using the WAVE Web Accessibility Evaluation Tool Chrome Extension and checked for compliance with WCAG 2.0 AA standards. A glossary of explanations for errors and alerts starts on page 31 of this document. As people have turned to the internet as a primary source of information regarding services, programs, and activities, the City of San Luis Obispo’s website assumes increased importance as a communications tool. Persons with disabilities also rely on the internet. Users who are Blind or print-disabled employ screen access software that reads the code of a website and then renders it in whatever format is accessible to that person (speech, refreshable braille, etc.). Users with limited manual dexterity or motion use dictation software to give commands instead of mouse and keyboard control. There are three levels of website accessibility recognized by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). The standards are referred to as Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 (WCAG 2.0). An updated version (WCAG 2.1) of the guidelines was published on June 5th, 2018. The updates are mainly related to mobile devices, disabilities that affect vision and cognitive function, criteria addressing text spacing, and criteria addressing timeouts and animations from interactions. Websites for Title II entities such as the City of San Luis Obispo are required to comply with WCAG 2.0 Level AA. Level AA requirements include all minimum standards of Level A as well. WCAG 2.1 AA will most likely become the new compliance standard. This review covers the evaluation of 122 individual web pages and does not cover all pages published on the City of San Luis Obispo’s website. Links to external sites and web pages were not evaluated. Headings in blue are the URL addresses of the individual pages evaluated. Following each web page heading is the number of errors found on the page and the quantity and listing of each particular error in need of correction. Following the listing of errors for each web page is a listing of accessibility alerts reported for that page. Alerts are intended to highlight other elements which may have potential concern and should be reviewed, however priority should be given to the listing of errors. Following the listing of accessibility alerts is the quantity of very low contrast errors identified by the evaluation tool. Some errors may be consistent throughout the site because of using the same element or feature on various pages. In such cases, it is possible a large number of errors may be easily corrected by simply correcting a single element that repeats itself throughout the site. 2 Most of the errors reported by the evaluation tool include 38 empty links identified. This means the links contain no text. If a link contains no text, the function or purpose of the link will not be presented to the user. This can introduce confusion for keyboard and screen reader users. The City of San Lui Obispo should continue the development of procedures for increasing accessibility to their website in order that people with low vision or whom are blind (and use screen readers) have access to the City of San Luis Obispo’s information. Continuing to establish accessibility requirements and training opportunities for those responsible for creating and editing the City’s web pages is suggested. A written plan establishing procedures and timeframes for making all website content accessible should be developed. Procedures should be developed to ensure that content is not added to the City of San Luis Obispo’s website until it has been made accessible. In-house and contractor staff who create web content or post it on the City’s website should be provided with copies of the Department of Justice’s technical assistance document “Accessibility of State and Local Government Websites to People with Disabilities”. City of San Luis Obispo Website Findings http://www.slocity.org/ Errors (2) 2 - Multiple form labels Alerts (269) 1 - Missing first level heading 3 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 263 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (27) 27 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/living Alerts (273) 2 - Suspicious link text 6 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 263 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (32) 32 - Very Low Contrast 3 http://www.slocity.org/living/calendars/community-activities Alerts (274) 2 - Unlabeled form element with title 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 2 - JavaScript jump menu 263 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (27) 27 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/living/calendars/government-meetings Alerts (292) 2 - Unlabeled form element with title 1 - Suspicious link text 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 2 - JavaScript jump menu 280 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (44) 44 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/living/jobs/volunteer-opportunities Alerts (272) 1 - Skipped heading level 1 - Suspicious link text 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 263 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (24) 24 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/open-government/gis-mapping- division/maps Errors (8) 5 - Empty heading 3 - Empty link Alerts (276) 1 - Skipped heading level 8 - Redundant link 1 - Link to PDF document 2 - Noscript element 264 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (52) 52 - Very Low Contrast 4 http://www.slocity.org/living/maps/street-sweeping Errors (2) 2 - Empty link Alerts (273) 8 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 263 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (21) 21 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/living/maps/zoning-map Errors (1) 1 - Empty link Alerts (270) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 263 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (21) 21 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/living/online-payments Alerts (270) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 263 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (23) 23 - Very Low Contrast https://slo.rmcpay.com/ Errors (6) 2 - Missing alternative text 1 - Missing form label 1 - Document language missing 2 - Empty button Alerts (12) 2 - Justified text 4 - Field set missing legend 1 - Missing first level heading 4 - Redundant link 1 - Noscript element Contrast Errors (3) 3 - Very Low Contrast 5 http://www.slocity.org/living/online-payments Alerts (270) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 263 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (23) 23 - Very Low Contrast https://slo.rmcpay.com/ Errors (6) 2 - Missing alternative text 1 - Missing form label 1 - Document language missing 2 - Empty button Alerts (12) 2 - Justified text 4 - Field set missing legend 1 - Missing first level heading 4 - Redundant link 1 - Noscript element Contrast Errors (3) 3 - Very Low Contrast https://slocity.merchanttransact.com/default.aspx Errors (7) 1 - Missing alternative text 3 - Linked image missing alternative text 3 - Missing form label Alerts (10) 1 - A nearby image has the same alternative text 2 - Possible heading 2 - Suspicious link text 5 - Device dependent event handler Contrast Errors (7) 7 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/parks- and-recreation/classes-and-activities-1811 Errors (2) 2 - Empty link Alerts (273) 1 - Skipped heading level 2 - Suspicious link text 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 263 - Redundant title text 6 Contrast Errors (21) 21 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/parks- and-recreation/parks Errors (10) 4 - Empty heading 6 - Empty link Alerts (328) 4 - Unlabeled form element with title 1 - Skipped heading level 35 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 4 - JavaScript jump menu 282 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (56) http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/parks- and-recreation/facilities Alerts (303) 4 - Unlabeled form element with title 1 - Skipped heading level 19 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 4 - JavaScript jump menu 273 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (41) 41 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/parks- and-recreation/community-services-events Errors (2) 2 - Empty heading Alerts (278) 1 - Skipped heading level 2 - Suspicious link text 11 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (31) 31 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/parks- and-recreation/community-gardens Errors (1) 1 - Empty heading 7 Alerts (271) 7 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (24) 24 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/parks- and-recreation/jack-house-and-gardens Errors (1) 1 - Empty link Alerts (273) 1 - A nearby image has the same alternative text 2 - Suspicious link text 6 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (27) 27 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/parks- and-recreation/laguna-lake-golf-course Errors (6) 1 - Empty heading 5 - Empty link Alerts (275) 1 - Justified text 1 - Suspicious link text 9 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (22) 22 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/parks- and-recreation/public-art Errors (3) 2 - Image map area missing alternative text 1 - Empty link Alerts (273) 1 - Suspicious link text 8 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text 8 Contrast Errors (31) 31 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/parks- and-recreation/ranger-service Errors (5) 4 - Empty heading 1 - Empty link Alerts (284) 7 - Justified text 1 - Skipped heading level 3 - Possible heading 1 - Suspicious link text 8 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (38) 38 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/parks- and-recreation/senior-programs Errors (3) 1 - Image map area missing alternative text 2 - Empty link Alerts (274) 2 - Suspicious link text 8 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (26) 26 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/parks- and-recreation/slo-skate-park Errors (3) 2 - Image map area missing alternative text 1 - Empty link Alerts (272) 1 - Skipped heading level 7 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (25) 25 - Very Low Contrast 9 http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/parks- and-recreation/slo-swim-center Errors (5) 1 - Empty heading 4 - Empty link Alerts (278) 1 - Suspicious alternative text 1 - Skipped heading level 2 - Suspicious link text 10 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (37) 37 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/parks- and-recreation/slo-triathlon Errors (8) 3 - Empty heading 5 - Empty link Alerts (274) 2 - Suspicious link text 8 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (28) 28 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/parks- and-recreation/sports-for-adults Errors (1) 1 - Empty link Alerts (272) 2 - Suspicious link text 6 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (26) 26 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/parks- and-recreation/sports-for-youth Alerts (270) 1 - Suspicious link text 5 - Redundant link 10 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (31) 31 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/parks- and-recreation/youth-services Errors (3) 2 - Empty heading 1 - Empty table header Alerts (283) 2 - Unlabeled form element with title 7 - Suspicious link text 8 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 2 - JavaScript jump menu 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (41) 41 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/parks- and-recreation/volunteer-opportunities Alerts (271) 1 - Skipped heading level 1 - Suspicious link text 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (24) 24 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/city- administration/natural-resources Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (25) 25 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/city- administration/natural-resources/programs Errors (2) 2 - Missing alternative text 11 Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (21) 21 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/city- administration/information-technology-1860 Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (24) 24 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department- directory/community-development/sustainability Alerts (274) 4 - Justified text 1 - Skipped heading level 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (24) 24 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/living/natural-resources/trees-and-urban- forestry Alerts (276) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 269 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (34) 34 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/living/neighborhood Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (19) 19 - Very Low Contrast 12 http://www.slocity.org/living/neighborhood/homelessness-solutions Errors (1) 1 - Empty link Alerts (276) 5 - Suspicious link text 7 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (58) 58 - Very Low Contrast https://www.slocity.org/how-do-i/register/e-notifications Alerts (402) 67 - Orphaned form label 1 - Suspicious link text 70 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (86) 86 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/living/neighborhood/open-government Alerts (270) 5 - Redundant link 1 - Link to PDF document 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (30) 30 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/living/neighborhood/graffiti Alerts (272) 1 - Redundant alternative text 7 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element Contrast Errors (34) 34 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/living/neighborhood/neighborhood-officer- program Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text 13 Contrast Errors (19) 19 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/police- department/respect-slo Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (18) 18 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/living/neighborhood/pavement-maintenance Alerts (272) 8 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (29) 29 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/parks- and-recreation Errors (6) 6 - Empty link Alerts (274) 10 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (19) 19 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/how-do-i/apply-for/permits Errors (5) 4 - Empty heading 1 - Empty link Alerts (284) 2 - Skipped heading level 3 - Suspicious link text 15 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (36) 36 - Very Low Contrast 14 http://www.slocity.org/how-do-i/apply-for/permits/permits-for- business-owners Errors (4) 4 - Empty link Alerts (282) 1 - Skipped heading level 2 - Suspicious link text 15 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (37) 37 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/how-do-i/apply-for/permits/permits-for- home-owners-and-renters Alerts (284) 6 - Suspicious link text 14 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (35) 35 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/living/permits/special-event-permits Errors (1) 1 - Empty link Alerts (271) 1 - Skipped heading level 1 - Suspicious link text 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (37) 37 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/living/safety Alerts (270) 1 - Suspicious link text 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (22) 22 - Very Low Contrast 15 http://www.slocity.org/living/safety/safety-education Alerts (267) 3 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (34) 34 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/living/safety/safety-service-for-you Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (27) 27 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/living/safety/city-departments-focused-on- your-safety Errors (1) 1 - Empty link Alerts (266) 2 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (26) 26 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/living/transportation Alerts (303) 16 - Justified text 6 - Redundant alternative text 3 - Suspicious link text 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 271 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (41) 41 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/living/transportation/construction-and- traffic-updates Alerts (271) 2 - Skipped heading level 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text 16 Contrast Errors (22) 22 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/utilities- department Errors (2) 1 - Missing alternative text 1 - Empty link Alerts (274) 2 - Skipped heading level 2 - Suspicious link text 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 263 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (21) 21 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/living/utilities/utility-service Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (22) 22 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/utilities- department/water/water-treatment/water-quality Errors (2) 2 - Empty link Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (32) 32 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/utilities- department/water/water-sources Errors (2) 2 - Empty heading Alerts (271) 1 - Skipped heading level 6 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text 17 Contrast Errors (24) 24 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/utilities- department/utility-billing/water-and-sewer-rates Errors (1) 1 - Empty heading Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (25) 25 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/utilities- department/utility-billing/sewer-cap-winter-water-average Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (18) 18 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/visiting/events Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (21) 21 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/visiting/visitor-maps Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (27) 27 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/visiting/visitor-maps/downtown Errors (1) 1 - Empty link Alerts (271) 7 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text 18 Contrast Errors (19) 19 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/visiting/transportation Alerts (303) 16 - Justified text 6 - Redundant alternative text 3 - Suspicious link text 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 271 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (41) 41 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/public- works/slo-transit Errors (2) 1 - Missing alternative text 1 - Empty link Alerts (275) 3 - Suspicious link text 8 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (55) 55 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/visiting/transportation/parking-downtown Errors (1) 1 - Empty link Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (24) 24 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government Alerts (271) 1 - Skipped heading level 6 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (32) 32 - Very Low Contrast 19 http://www.slocity.org/government/common-questions Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (27) 27 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/visiting/things-to-do/bubble-gum-alley Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (20) 20 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/mayor-and-city-council Errors (4) 4 - Blinking content Alerts (276) 5 - Justified text 6 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 263 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (29) 29 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/mayor-and-city- council/agendas-and-minutes Errors (27) 8 - Invalid longdesc 17 - Empty link 2 - Blinking content Alerts (280) 1 - Skipped heading level 8 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 269 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (37) 37 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/city- clerk/council-policies-and-procedures Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 20 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (19) 19 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/city- clerk/government-access-channel-20 Errors (11) 10 - Empty heading 1 - Empty link Alerts (271) 1 - Skipped heading level 6 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (19) 19 - Very Low Contrast https://www.slocity.org/how-do-i/register/e-notifications Alerts (402) 67 - Orphaned form label 1 - Suspicious link text 70 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (86) 86 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/mayor-and-city-council/city- goals Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (20) 20 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/advisory-bodies Alerts (273) 4 - Justified text 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (42) 42 - Very Low Contrast 21 http://www.slocity.org/government/advisory-bodies/application- handbook Errors (2) 2 - Empty link Alerts (271) 7 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (31) 31 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/advisory-bodies/vacancies Alerts (271) 7 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (28) 28 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory Errors (3) 3 - Empty link Alerts (272) 8 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (29) 29 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/directory- of-city-officials Errors (9) 8 - Missing alternative text 1 - Empty link Alerts (270) 1 - Skipped heading level 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (47) 47 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/city- administration Alerts (274) 1 - Skipped heading level 22 4 - Suspicious link text 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (40) 40 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/city- attorney Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (21) 21 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/city-clerk Errors (1) 1 - Empty link Alerts (271) 7 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (32) 32 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department- directory/community-development Errors (6) 1 - Empty heading 5 - Empty link Alerts (280) 1 - Skipped heading level 3 - Suspicious link text 12 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (31) 31 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/finance- and-it Alerts (270) 1 - Skipped heading level 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 23 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (19) 19 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/fire- department Errors (4) 1 - Empty heading 3 - Empty link Alerts (283) 1 - Skipped heading level 1 - Suspicious link text 17 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (37) 37 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/human- resources Alerts (270) 6 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (31) 31 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/police- department Errors (2) 1 - Image map area missing alternative text 1 - Empty link Alerts (278) 1 - A nearby image has the same alternative text 13 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (21) 21 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/public- works Errors (2) 1 - Empty heading 1 - Empty link 24 Alerts (276) 2 - Suspicious link text 10 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (24) 24 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/open-government Alerts (270) 5 - Redundant link 1 - Link to PDF document 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (30) 30 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/municipal-elections Alerts (275) 2 - Skipped heading level 7 - Redundant link 2 - Link to PDF document 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (53) 53 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/how-do-i/find/city-offices Alerts (267) 1 - Missing first level heading 2 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (30) 30 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/living/calendars/government-meetings Alerts (292) 2 - Unlabeled form element with title 1 - Suspicious link text 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 2 - JavaScript jump menu 280 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (46) 25 46 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/doing-business Alerts (273) 9 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (18) 18 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/doing-business/doing-business-in-slo Alerts (273) 9 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (21) 21 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/doing-business/doing-business-with-the- city/bids-and-proposals Alerts (273) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 4 - Device dependent event handler 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (33) 33 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/doing-business/business-resources Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (24) 24 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/doing-business/contacts/economic- development Errors (1) 1 - Empty link Alerts (272) 8 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (20) 20 - Very Low Contrast 26 http://www.slocity.org/doing-business/contacts/tourism Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (22) 22 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/how-do-i/contact/staff-directory Alerts (271) 1 - Unlabeled form element with title 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 1 - JavaScript jump menu 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (93) 93 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/doing-business/economic-snapshot Alerts (271) 2 - Suspicious link text 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (22) 22 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/doing-business/economic-snapshot/quick- facts Errors (1) 1 - Empty heading Alerts (274) 1 - Skipped heading level 7 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 264 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (28) 28 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/doing-business/economic- snapshot/innovation-entrepreneurship Errors (6) 6 - Empty link Alerts (276) 1 - Skipped heading level 27 11 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (24) 24 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/doing-business/economic- snapshot/economic-development-program Errors (1) 1 - Missing alternative text Alerts (270) 6 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (27) 27 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/doing-business/infrastructure Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (28) 28 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/doing-business/infrastructure/airport Alerts (270) 1 - Redundant alternative text 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (19) 19 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/doing-business/infrastructure/education Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (21) 21 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/doing-business/infrastructure/broadband Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 28 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (19) 19 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/doing-business/infrastructure/healthcare Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (20) 20 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/doing-business/infrastructure/real-estate Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (19) 19 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/doing-business/infrastructure/utilities Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (21) 21 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/human- resources/job-openings Errors (2) 2 - Empty heading Alerts (274) 1 - Skipped heading level 1 - Suspicious link text 8 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (30) 30 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/human- resources/job-descriptions-salaries Alerts (271) 29 7 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (29) 29 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/human- resources/employee-benefit-overview-1646 Alerts (272) 2 - Skipped heading level 5 - Redundant link 1 - Link to PDF document 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (23) 23 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/human- resources/employee-salaries-benefits/memorandum-of-agreements Alerts (280) 7 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 271 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (34) 34 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/human- resources/frequently-asked-questions Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (22) 22 - Very Low Contrast http:/www.slocity.org/government/open-government/cityhall Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (18) 18 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/doing-business/economic- snapshot/downtown-businesses Alerts (269) 30 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (20) 20 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/services Errors (1) 1 - Empty heading Alerts (286) 1 - Suspicious link text 21 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (28) 28 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/how-do-i Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (21) 21 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/city- attorney/legal-links Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text Contrast Errors (40) 40 - Very Low Contrast http://www.slocity.org/how-do-i/site-map Alerts (269) 5 - Redundant link 2 - Noscript element 262 - Redundant title text 31 Explanation of Errors and Alerts A Nearby Image Has the Same Alternative Text What It Means Two images near each other have the same alternative text. Why It Matters When two images have the same alternative text, this often causes redundancy or indicates incorrect alternative text. How to Fix It Ensure that the alternative text for each image or image button is appropriate while removing unnecessary redundancy. If the content of the image is already conveyed elsewhere (through text or the alternative text of a nearby image) or if the image does not convey content, the image may generally be given empty/null alternative text (alt=""). Image buttons always convey a specific function, and thus cannot be given null alternative text. The Algorithm... in English The same alternative text (case insensitive, but not null/empty) is present for two images or image buttons (<input type='image'>) near each other (no more than 2 other images separate them). Accesskey What It Means An accesskey attribute is present. Why It Matters Accesskey provides a way to define shortcut keys for web page elements. Accesskeys often conflict with user or assistive technology shortcut keys and should be avoided or implemented with care. How to Fix It Remove the accesskey or be aware that the accesskey may conflict with user shortcut keys. The Algorithm... in English An element has an accesskey attribute. Broken Same Page Link What It Means A link to another location within the page is present but does not have a corresponding target. Why It Matters A link to jump to another position within the page assists users in navigating the web page, but only if the link target exists. 32 How to Fix It Ensure that the target for the link exists or remove the same-page link. The Algorithm... in English An in-page link has an href attribute (starting with a #), but does not match either the id value of another element or the name attribute value of an anchor element within the page. Broken Skip Link What It Means A skip navigation link exists, but the target for the link does not exist or the link is not keyboard accessible. Why It Matters A link to jump over navigation or jump to the main content of the page assists keyboard users only if the link is properly functioning and is keyboard accessible. How to Fix It Ensure that the target for the link exists and that the link is not hidden with CSS display:none or visibility:hidden. The Algorithm... in English An in-page link contains the words "skip" or "jump" and is hidden with CSS display:none or visibility:hidden, or the link has an href attribute that does not match the id value of another element within the page or the name attribute value of an anchor element within the page. Device Dependent Event Handler What It Means An event handler is present that may not be accessible. Why It Matters The JavaScript events in use do not appear to be accessible to both mouse and keyboard users. To be fully accessible, critical JavaScript interaction should be device independent. How to Fix It Ensure that critical functionality and content is accessible by using a device independent event handler (which responds to both keyboard and mouse) or by using both a mouse dependent and a keyboard dependent event handler. The Algorithm... in English One of the following are present: • an on mouseover event but not an on focus event • an onclick event on something other than a link, form control, or element with a tab index value of 0 • on dblclick 33 Document Language Missing What It Means The language of the document is not identified. Why It Matters Identifying the language of the page allows screen readers to read the content in the appropriate language. It also facilitates automatic translation of content. How to Fix It Identify the document language using the <html lang> attribute (e.g., <html lang="en">). The Algorithm... in English The <html lang> attribute is missing or is empty. Empty Button What It Means A button is empty or has no value text. Why It Matters When navigating to a button, descriptive text must be presented to screen reader users to indicate the function of the button. How to Fix It Place text content within the <button> element or give the <input> element a value attribute. The Algorithm... in English A <button> element is present that contains no text content (or alternative text), or an <input type="submit">, <input type="button">, or <input type="reset"> has an empty or missing value attribute Empty Heading What It Means A heading contains no content. Why It Matters Some users, especially keyboard and screen reader users, often navigate by heading elements. An empty heading will present no information and may introduce confusion. How to Fix It Ensure that all headings contain informative content. The Algorithm... in English A heading element is present that contains no text (or only spaces) and no images with alternative text. Empty Links What It Means A link contains no text. 34 Why It Matters If a link contains no text, the function or purpose of the link will not be presented to the user. This can introduce confusion for keyboard and screen reader users. How to Fix It Remove the empty link or provide text within the link that describes the functionality and/or target of that link. The Algorithm... in English An anchor element has an href attribute, but contains no text (or only spaces) and no images with alternative text. Flash What It Means Flash content is present. Why It Matters Flash content, if not authored to be accessible, will typically introduce significant accessibility issues. How to Fix It If the Flash object does not present content, hide it from screen readers. If content is presented, provide an HTML alternative and/or make the Flash object natively accessible, including providing captions/transcripts when necessary and ensuring that the Flash object is keyboard-accessible. The Algorithm... in English An <object> element is present that has a classid attribute value of "clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000" or a type attribute value of "application/x-shockwave-flash", or an <embed> element is present that has a src attribute value of a .swf file or a type attribute value of "application/x-shockwave-flash". Image button missing alternative text What It Means Alternative text is not present for a form image button. Why It Matters Image buttons provide important functionality that must be presented in alternative text. Without alternative text, the function of an image button is not made available to screen reader users or when images are disabled or unavailable. 35 How to Fix It Add appropriate alternative text that presents the function of the image button (e.g., <input src="button.gif" type="image" alt="Submit search">). The Algorithm... in English An image button (<input type="image">) does not have an alt attribute or has an alt value that is null/empty (alt="") or only space characters. Invalid Longdesc What It Means The longdesc attribute is not a URL. Why It Matters The longdesc attribute of an image must be a valid URL of a page that contains a description of the image content. A longdesc value that contains image description text will not provide any accessibility information. How to Fix It Make the longdesc attribute value a valid URL/filename or remove the longdesc attribute. Because of poor browser support for longdesc, it is recommended that it always be used in conjunction with a standard link to the long description page. Because of poor browser support for longdesc, it is recommended that longdesc always be used in conjunction with a standard link to the long description page. The Algorithm... in English The longdesc attribute value: o is empty o is not a URL or filename o is a URL or filename with an extension of .jpg, .gif, or .png JavaScript Jump Menus What It Means A JavaScript jump menu may be present. Why It Matters A JavaScript jump menu is a select element that triggers a new web page with the onchange event handler. When navigating with the keyboard, each change in the select menu triggers a page change in some web browsers, thus making navigation very difficult. How to Fix It If the onchange event handler triggers a new web page, eliminate the JavaScript jump menu and allow the user to change the select menu, then activate an adjacent button to trigger the new page. The Algorithm... in English The onchange attribute is present on a <select> element. 36 Justified Text What It Means Fully justified text is present. Why It Matters Large blocks of justified text can negatively impact readability due to varying word/letter spacing and 'rivers of white' that flow through the text. How to Fix It Remove the full justification from the text. The Algorithm... in English A <p>, <div>, or <td> element has more than 500 characters and is styled with text-align:justify. Link to PDF document What It Means A link to a PDF document is present. Why It Matters Unless authored with accessibility in mind, PDF documents often have accessibility issues. Additionally, PDF documents are typically viewed using a separate application or plug-in, and can thus cause confusion and navigation difficulties. How to Fix It Ensure the PDF document is natively accessible. Additionally, inform the user that the link will open a PDF document. Because PDF documents may have limitations in accessibility (particularly for complex content) and require a separate program, HTML content should often be used in place of or in addition to the PDF document. The Algorithm... in English A link to a .pdf file is present. Link to Word document What It Means A link to a Microsoft Word document is present. Why It Matters Unless authored with accessibility in mind, Microsoft Word documents often have accessibility issues. Additionally, Word documents are typically viewed using a separate application, and can thus cause confusion and navigation difficulties. How to Fix It Ensure that the Word document is natively accessible. Additionally, inform the user that the link will open a Word document. Because Word documents have 37 limitations in accessibility (particularly for complex content) and require a separate program, HTML content should usually be used in place of or in addition to the Word document. The Algorithm... in English A link to a .doc or .docx file is present. Linked Image Missing Alternative Text What It Means An image without alternative text results in an empty link. Why It Matters Images that are the only thing within a link must have descriptive alternative text. If an image is within a link that contains no text and that image does not provide alternative text, a screen reader has no content to present to the user regarding the function of the link. How to Fix It Add appropriate alternative text that presents the content of the image and/or the function of the link. The Algorithm... in English An image without alternative text (missing alt attribute or an alt value that is null/empty or only space characters) is within a link that contains no text and no images with alternative text. Long Alternative Text What It Means An image has very long alternative text. Why It Matters Alternative text should be succinct, yet descriptive of the content and function of an image. Lengthy alternative text (more than around 100 characters) often indicates that extraneous content or content that is not available to sighted users is being presented. How to Fix It Ensure the alternative text is succinct, yet descriptive. Ensure that no content is being presented in alternative text that is not available to sighted users viewing the image. When possible, either shorten the alternative text or provide the text alternative via another method (e.g., in text near the image, through a separate description page, etc.). The Algorithm... in English The image's alt attribute value is more than 100 characters. Note that the 100 character limit is a rough and somewhat arbitrary length. For images that present complex content or lengthy text, alternative text longer than 100 characters may be appropriate. 38 Missing Alternative Text What It Means Image alternative text is not present. Why It Matters Each image must have an alt attribute. Without alternative text, the content of an image will not be available to screen reader users or when the image is unavailable. How to Fix It Add an alt attribute to the image. The attribute value should accurately and succinctly present the content and function of the image. If the content of the image is conveyed in the context or surroundings of the image, or if the image does not convey content or have a function, it should be given empty/null alternative text (alt=""). The Algorithm... in English An image does not have an alt attribute. Missing Fieldset What It Means A group of check boxes or radio buttons is not enclosed in a fieldset. Why It Matters A fieldset provides a visual and structural grouping of related form elements. It is typically necessary for groups of check boxes or radio buttons where a higher level description (called a legend) is necessary to understand the function of the check boxes or radio buttons. The description will be identified by a screen reader only if provided in a fieldset legend. How to Fix It Determine whether the grouping of check boxes or radio buttons has or needs text that explains the purpose of the check boxes or radio button grouping. If so, mark up the group within a fieldset and put the group description in a legend element. The Algorithm... in English Two or more checkbox or radio input elements within a form have the same name value, but are not enclosed in a fieldset. Missing First Level Heading What It Means A page does not have a first level heading. Why It Matters Headings facilitate page navigation for users of many assistive technologies. They also provide semantic and visual meaning and structure to the document. A first level heading (<h1>) should be present on nearly all pages. 39 It should contain the most important heading on the page (generally the document title). How to Fix It If the page presents a main heading, place it within an <h1> element. Add other sub-headings as necessary. The Algorithm... in English A page does not have an <h1> element Missing Form Label What It Means A form control does not have a corresponding label. Why It Matters If a form control does not have a properly associated text label, the function or purpose of that form control may not be presented to screen reader users. Form labels also provide visible descriptions and larger clickable targets for form controls. How to Fix It If a text label for a form control is visible, use the <label> element to associate it with its respective form control. If there is no visible label, either provide an associated label, add a descriptive title attribute to the form control, or reference the label(s) using aria-labelledby. Labels are not required for image, submit, reset, button, or hidden form controls. The Algorithm... in English An <input> (except types of image, submit, reset, button, or hidden), <select>, or <textarea> does not have a properly associated label text. A properly associated label is: •a <label> element with a for attribute value that is equal to the id of a unique form control o a <label> element that surrounds the form control, does not surround any other form controls, and does not reference another element with its for attribute o a non-empty title attribute, or o a non-empty aria-labelledby attribute. Missing or Uninformative Page Title What It Means The page title is missing or not descriptive. Why It Matters A descriptive title helps users understand a page's purpose or content. Without a proper title, many users (especially those using screen readers or other assistive technology) may have difficulty orienting themselves to the page. 40 How to Fix It Add a brief, descriptive page title. The Algorithm... in English The page title is missing, empty, contains only whitespace characters, or begins with "untitled". No Script Element What It Means A <noscript> element is present. Why It Matters Content within <noscript> is presented if JavaScript is disabled. Because nearly all users (including users of screen readers and other assistive technologies) have JavaScript enabled, <noscript> cannot be used to provide an accessible version of inaccessible scripted content. How to Fix It Ensure that scripted content is accessible. The <noscript> content will be presented to very few users, but must be accessible if used. The Algorithm... in English A <noscript> element is present Orphaned form labels What It Means A form label is present, but it is not correctly associated with a form control. Why It Matters An incorrectly associated label does not provide functionality or information about the form control to the user. It usually indicates a coding or other form labeling issues. How to Fix It Properly associate the label with its corresponding form control. If there is no corresponding form control, remove the label. Labels are not appropriate for image, submit, reset, button, or hidden form controls. The Algorithm... in English A <label> element: •does not surround a form control and the for attribute is missing/empty •references an element that is not present in the page •references an element that is not an <input>, <select> or <textarea> element •references an <input> element with image, submit, reset, button, or hidden type 41 Page refreshes or redirects What It Means The page is set to automatically change location or refresh using a <meta> tag. Why It Matters Pages that automatically change location or refresh pose significant usability issues, particularly for screen reader and keyboard users. How to Fix It Remove the <meta> refresh and give the user control over time-sensitive content changes. The Algorithm... in English A <meta http-equiv="refresh"> tag is present. Plugin What It Means An unidentified plugin is present. Why It Matters Plugins allow the introduction of non-HTML content, media players, etc. Because of limitations in non-HTML content, these often introduce accessibility issues. How to Fix It Provide an HTML alternative or ensure the plugin content is accessible. Provide a link to download any required software. The Algorithm... in English An <object> or <embed> element is present that is not identified as Flash, Quicktime, RealPlayer, or Windows Media Player. Possible Heading What It Means Text appears to be a heading but is not a heading element. Why It Matters Heading elements (<h1>-<h6>) provide important document structure, outlines, and navigation functionality to assistive technology users. If heading text is not a true heading, this information and functionality will not be available for that text. How to Fix It If the paragraph is a section heading, use a heading element instead (<h1>- <h6>). The Algorithm... in English A <p> element contains less than 50 characters and is either: 42 • 20 pixels or bigger, or • 16 pixels or bigger and bold and/or italicized. Possible table caption What It Means Text appears to be a table caption, but is not a caption element. Why It Matters A table caption should be associated with a table using the <caption> element so it will be read by a screen reader with the table content. How to Fix It If the text is a description of the table, associate the text with the table using the <caption> element (<caption> should be the first element within the <table>). The Algorithm... in English A data table (has at least one table header) that does not already have a caption has: - A colspan attribute value of 3 or greater on the first cell of the table. – An element immediately before the table that contains less than 50 characters or contains less than 100 characters and is bold and/or centered. Redundant alternative text What It Means The alternative text for an image is the same as nearby or adjacent text. Why It Matters Alternative text that is the same as nearby or adjacent text will be presented multiple times to screen readers or when images are unavailable. How to Fix It Change either the alternative text or the adjacent text to eliminate the redundancy. In most cases, you can give the image empty/null alternative text (alt="") because the content of the image is already provided in context through text. Linked images may often be combined with the adjacent text into one link, in which case the image may be given null/empty alternative text (alt=""). The Algorithm... in English The alternative text is the same as text that is within 15 characters of the image. Redundant link What It Means Adjacent links go to the same URL. 43 Why It Matters When adjacent links go to the same location (such as a linked product image and an adjacent linked product name that go to the same product page) this results in additional navigation and repetition for keyboard and screen reader users. How to Fix It If possible, combine the redundant links into one link and remove any redundant text or alternative text (for example, if a product image and product name are in the same link, the image can usually be given alt=""). The Algorithm... in English Two adjacent links go to the same URL. Redundant title text What It Means Title attribute text is the same as text or alternative text. Why It Matters The title attribute value is used to provide advisory information. It typically appears when the users hovers the mouse over an element. The advisory information presented should not be identical to or very similar to the element text or alternative text. How to Fix It In most cases the title attribute can be removed, otherwise modify it to provide advisory, but not redundant information. Note that the title text may or may not be read by a screen reader and is typically inaccessible to sighted keyboard users. The Algorithm... in English A title attribute value is identical to element text or image alternative text. Spacer image missing alternative text What It Means A layout spacer image (which should have null/empty alternative text) does not have an alt attribute. Why It Matters Spacer images are used to maintain layout. They do not convey content and should be given null/empty alternative text (alt="") so they are not presented to users and are ignored by screen readers. How to Fix It If the image is a spacer image, give the image null/empty alternative text (alt=""). Alternatively, consider using CSS instead of spacer images to control positioning and layout. 44 The Algorithm... in English An image is missing an alt attribute and has a width or height of 3 pixels or less or has a file name starting with "spacer.*", "space.*", or "blank.*". Suspicious Alternative Text What It Means Alternative text is likely insufficient or contains extraneous information. Why It Matters If the alternative text for an image does not provide the same content or information conveyed by the image, that content will not be available to screen reader users and when images are unavailable. How to Fix It Ensure that the alternative text for the image or image input provides a succinct, yet equivalent alternative to the content and function of the image. Screen readers and browser presentation inform the user that the object is an image, so alternative text of "image of..." (and similar) should be avoided. If the image does not convey content or if the content is presented in nearby text (e.g., a caption), null/empty alternative text (alt="") is appropriate. The Algorithm... in English The alt text value of an image or image button: •begins with "graphic of", "bullet", or "image of", o ends with "image" or "graphic", o contains only space characters (alt=" "), o is an image file name (e.g. alt="photo.gif"), or o is one of the following: "image", "graphic", "photo", "photograph", "drawing", "painting", "artwork", "logo", "bullet", "button", "arrow", "more", "spacer", "blank", "chart", "table", "diagram", "graph", or "*". Suspicious Link Text What It Means Link text contains extraneous text or may not make sense out of context. Why It Matters Links, which are often read out of context, should clearly describe the destination or function of the link. Ambiguous text, text that does not make sense out of context, and extraneous text (such as "click here") can cause confusion and should be avoided. How to Fix It Where appropriate, reword the link text so that it is more descriptive of its destination when read out of context. Remove any extraneous text (such as "click here"). 45 The Algorithm... in English A link (including alt text of linked images) contains the phrase "click here" or "click", or the link text is "click here", "here", "more", "more...", "details", "more details", "link", "this page", "continue", "continue reading", "read more", or "button". Tabindex What It Means A positive tabindex value is present. Why It Matters Tabindex values of 1 or greater specify an explicit tab/navigation order for page elements. Because it modifies the default tab order, can cause confusion, and result in decreased keyboard accessibility, it should be avoided. How to Fix It If the natural tab order is already logical, remove the tabindex. Otherwise, consider restructuring the page so that tabindex is not needed. If tabindex is maintained, ensure that the resulting navigation is logical and complete. The Algorithm... in English A tabindex attribute is present and has a positive value. Underlined Text What It Means Underlined text is present. Why It Matters Underlines almost universally indicates linked text. Consider removing the underline from the non-link text. Other styling (e.g., bold or italics) can be used to differentiate the text. How to Fix It Unless there is a distinct need for the underlined text, remove the underline from it. The Algorithm... in English A <u> element is present. Unlabeled form element with title What It Means A form control does not have a label, but has a title. Why It Matters The title attribute value for unlabeled form controls will be presented to screen reader users. However, a properly associated text label provides better usability and accessibility and should be used unless the purpose of the form control is intuitive without the label. 46 How to Fix It If a visible text label is available for the form control, associate the text label to the form control using the label element. This provides additional functionality for end users because if the label is clicked it will set focus to the form control. If the form control is intuitive without a <label>, the title attribute value may be used. Note that the title attribute value will not generally be read by a screen reader if the control has a label and may not be available to sighted users, particularly keyboard-only users. The Algorithm... in English An <input> (except types of image, submit, reset, button, or hidden), <textarea>, or <select> element has a non-empty title attribute value and is missing a label or valid aria-labelledby reference. Very Small Text What It Means Text is very small. Why It Matters Text which is very small is difficult to read, particularly for those with low vision. How to Fix It Increase the text to a more readable size. The Algorithm... in English Text is present that is sized 10 pixels or smaller.