HomeMy WebLinkAbout06/07/2005, C5 - 2005 WATER RESOURCES STATUS REPORT I
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CITY OF SAN LUIS O B I S P O
FROM: John Moss, Utilities Directot
Prepared By: Gary W. Hend rson, Water Division Manager
Ron Munds, Utilities Conservation Coordinator
SUBJECT: 2005 WATER RESOURCES STATUS REPORT
CAO RECOMMENDATION
Receive and file report.
DISCUSSION
The purpose of the annual Water Resources Status Report (WRSR) is to provide an overview of
various aspects of the City's water resources. The attached report discusses five major topics: 1.)
Existing Water Supply Status, 2.) Multi-Source Water Supply Projects, 3.) Water Conservation
Program, 4.) Water Supply Strategies to Meet Future Needs, and 5.) Projected Water Supply
Situation. The following is a summary of the information contained in the 2005 Water Resources
Status Report.
Report Summary
Existing Water Supply Status
This past year's rainfall was well above average for Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs with the
two lakes receiving over 150% of the average. This year's significant rainfall filled both reservoirs
to maximum capacity. The City's combined total water storage, above minimum pool, in Salinas
and Whale Rock Reservoirs is 43,125 acre feet(as of May 1, 2005)which is 100% of the maximum
City available storage. Groundwater production for 2004 was 140 acre feet.
The City's per capita water demand increased following the end of the drought up to 1997 and then
has somewhat stabilized. This past year's use was 126 gallons per capita per day (gpcd), an
increase from last year's use of 120 gpcd (see Table 3, page 2 of WRSR). This increase was likely
due to the minimal rainfall received at the beginning of 2004 and earlier initiation of landscape
irrigation. It should be noted that the 126 figure is not the amount that an average resident in the
city used in 2004. The basis of the number is the total water pumped into the water system
divided by the current city population. Thus, it reflects both residential and non-residential uses,
such as businesses, churches and schools, landscape irrigation, etc. which account for about 40%
of the City's water use.
Council Agenda Report—2005 Water Resources Status Report Page 2
Water Available for Development
The policies in the Water Management Element to the General Plan determine the water available
for new development. The policies use a planning figure of 145 gpcd times the current population
to determine the present demand. This figure is then subtracted from the City's adopted safe annual
yield to determine water available for development as shown in the table below.
Table 1: Water Available for Development
Year Population Present Water Safe Annual Water Available
Demand Yield 1 for Allocation
@ 145 gped
2005 44,519 7,230 a.f. 7,490 a.f. 260 a.f.
I From Water Management Element,Table 1: includes reductions due to siltation to date
Per Water Management Element Policy 8.1.3, one-half of the water available for allocation will be
reserved to serve intensification and infill development within existing City limits as of July 1994.
Therefore, 130 acre feet is available for infill and intensification and 130 acre feet is available to
serve new annexation areas outside the July 1994 City limits.
Multi-Source Water Supply Projects
One of the major goals of the Council is the pursuit of additional long term water supplies to meet
the current and future water demands of the community. The City is currently pursuing or
considering the Water Reuse Project, the Nacimiento Pipeline Project, increased water conservation
strategies, additional groundwater resources, potential desalination facility, and the Salinas
Reservoir Expansion Project to meet these needs. The Water Reuse Project has the potential to be
accomplished in the shortest time frame, with projected water deliveries beginning in early 2006.
Following initial construction, recycled water will offset approximately 130 acre feet per year of
potable water currently used for irrigation. The project has a potential to provide approximately
1,000 acre feet per year for non-potable purposes.
The Nacimiento Pipeline Project is being administered by the County of San Luis Obispo and has
been under review for over 10 years. The County Board of Supervisors certified the Final
Environmental Impact Report for the project on January 6, 2004. Following the Board's
certification, the City Council held numerous public meetings to discuss a number of project issues
which include: the participation agreements, cost allocation methodologies, City participation and
requested amount of water allocation, and potential modifications to policies in the Water
Management Element to support the City's participation in the project. On March 9, 2004, the
Council supported participation in the project for a total City allocation of 3,380 acre feet per year
and directed staff to initiate the process to amend the Water Element. On June 29, 2004, the
Council approved amendments to the General Plan Water and Wastewater Element, the Final
Environmental Impact Report for the Nacimiento Project, and execution of the agreement with the
County for participation in the Project. The project is currently in the initial design phase and
various consultants are being hired to provide design services.
Council Agenda Report—2005 Water Resources Status Report Page 3
As part of the 2003-2005 Financial Plan, Council approved funding necessary to expand the
water conservation program that would have an irrigation efficiency component, and a broadened
commercial conservation program. The landscape irrigation efficiency component of the
expanded program was implemented in January 2004. The program strategies are to directly
contact high residential water users and offering assistance, creating water budgets for
individually metered landscape accounts and analyzing commercial mixed water use accounts
which include landscape irrigation. To date, about 1,970 letters have been sent to high water use
residential customers. A monitoring system has been developed to track the program's
effectiveness and the results should be available by late 2005. The added yield from this program
will be included in next years report and added to the City's safe annual yield.
The commercial portion of the program will initially be focusing on restaurant dishwashing
hardware and will be implemented in conjunction with the statewide California Urban Water
Conservation Council (CUWCC) program. Program implementation has been delayed because
of contracting issues between the California Public Utilities Commission and the CUWCC. It is
anticipated that the program will be implemented during the summer 2005.
Stetson Engineers completed the Phase 1 evaluation of increasing groundwater production to
meet city water demands. The main issue continuing to confront the successful implementation
of increased groundwater production involves potential impacts to stream flows in the area. This
question has been discussed in past reports and has been very difficult to properly evaluate due to
limited historical information. With the recent decision for City participation in the Nacimiento
Project and the cost and uncertainty of the additional studies necessary to evaluate project
impacts, the Council deferred additional phases of the Groundwater Project on December 7,
2004.
On February 19, 2002, the San Luis Obispo City Council considered and endorsed the concept of
working with the City of Morro Bay to allow cooperative use of the existing Morro Bay
desalination facilities. The City of Morro Bay has determined that it would not be in their best
interest to pursue cooperative use of the facility. As such, the discussions relative to the
cooperative use of the facility were curtailed. There is the potential for the City of San Luis
Obispo to consider construction of a desalination facility in the future to meet projected water
needs if other water supply projects currently being pursued are not successful. Based on other
potential water supply projects currently being pursued, staff recommends that a potential
desalination facility be considered as one of the last options.
The City of San Luis Obispo has considered the Salinas Reservoir Expansion Project for many
years as a project to meet additional city water demands. This past year, no work has been
undertaken on this project. With the City Council's decision on the Nacimiento Project and the
fact that the Salinas Reservoir Expansion Project is a Tier 3 project, staff would recommend that
the expansion project be considered one of the last options. Additional work related to Salinas
Dam will be required over the next several years relative to ownership transfer of the facilities
from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) to a local agency. The Corps have been
interested in transferring ownership to a local agency for more than 30 years. The City, County,
and Corps staff have met several times over the past year to plan the strategy for the studies and
actions necessary to allow the transfer to proceed.
e�s- 3
Council Agenda Report—2005 Water Resources Status Report Page 4
Water Conservation
The Utilities Conservation Office continues to implement the Best Management Practices (BMPs)
established by the California Urban Water Conservation Council. The following is a brief summary
of the three key components of the program, which are further detailed in the WRSR.
1. Water Hardware Retrofit
Replacing higher water using plumbing fixtures such as toilets and showerheads has been the
cornerstone of the Water Conservation Program because of the associated water saving potential.
Since 1990, it is estimated that approximately 83%of all toilets in the City of San Luis Obispo have
been retrofit resulting in an estimated water savings of over 1,400 acre feet per year. This is the
largest percentage of total toilet retrofit within any community within the State of California. As
part of the 2001-03 Financial Plan, a High Efficiency Washing Machine Rebate Program ($150
rebate) was implemented. Over the past 4 years, a total of 267 rebates were processed with an
estimated water savings of 4.5 acre feet per year.
2. Technical Assistance
The Utilities Conservation Office provides technical assistance to water customers via free
indoor and outdoor water audits. The audits include indoor and outdoor leak detection services,
irrigation system evaluations, landscape plant material information and other information on how
to use water efficiently. Conservation staff performed approximately 1,030 water audits this past
year.
3. Public Information and Education
This is a multi-faceted component which uses free printed information, paid advertising, public
service announcements, workshops, newsletters and an in-school education program to inform
and educate the community.
Water Supply Strategy to Meet Future Needs
The City is currently pursuing multiple water supply projects to meet the projected community
needs based on the policies contained in the Table 2: Priority of Water Supply Projects
General Plan and related Elements. Based on the Tier Project
information that is currently available on the
projects being pursued and the timing and costs Water Reuse
associated with each project, the Council 1 Nacimiento Pipeline
prioritized the projects last year, as shown in Additional Water Conservation
Table 2, to meet our future needs. 2 Additional Groundwater
Desalination
The Tier 1 projects will be able to meet the 3 Salinas Reservoir Expansion
projected water needs of the City. The
Council Agenda Report—2005 Water Resources Status Report Page 5
Nacimiento Project when completed will provide water resources to meet the city build-out
population and strengthen the City's water supply resources to meet unforeseen future situations
such as loss of one of our water supplies or worst case drought conditions.
Projected Water Supply Situation
The City utilizes a computer program to project how long the City's available water supplies would
last based on a number of assumptions. The model uses historical drought weather patterns,
projected water demands, etc.,to forecast the City's water supply position and to make certain water
policy recommendations. The model predicts current water supplies would last until June of 2012
if the City was to enter into a drought period with conditions comparable to those experienced in
the 1986-91 drought(see Figure 4 of the WRSR).
FISCAL HAPACT
There is no fiscal impact associated with the recommended action. Any fiscal impacts associated
with the pursuit of additional water supply projects or additional conservation measures have been
or will be addressed through the City's Financial Plan processes.
ATTACHMENT
1. 2005 Water Resources Status Report
cj --
Attachment 1
City ofSan Luis Obispo
I
2005 Water Resources Status Report
June 2005
f
I
Prepared by:
Gary Henderson, Water Division Manager
Ron Munds, Utilities Conservation Coordinator
Attachment 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. EXISTING WATER SUPPLIES......................................................................................... 1
CurrentStatus......................................................................................................................................................I
WaterConsumption.............................................................................................................................................2
Water Available for Development........................................................................................................................3
II. MULTI-SOURCE WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS ..........................................................4
WaterReuse Project............................................................................................................................................S
NacimientoPipeline Project................................................................................................................................6
Additional Water Conservation Strategies..........................................................................................................6
AdditionalGroundwater Resources.....................................................................................................................7
DesalinationFacility...........................................................................................................................................8
Salinas Reservoir Expansion Project...................................................................................................................8
III. WATER CONSERVATION PROGRAM........................................................................ 10
Water Hardware Retrofitting Summary.............................................................................................................11
TechnicalAssistance..........................................................................................................................................12
PublicInformation&Education........................................................................................................................12
New Water Conservation Programs..................................................................................................................13
Future Water Conservation Programs..............................................................................................................14
IV. WATER SUPPLY STRATEGY TO MEET FUTURE NEEDS..................................... 14
V. PROJECTED WATER SUPPLY SITUATION................................................................ 16
ReservoirStorage Curve....................................................................................................................................16
VI. SUMMARY.......................................................................................................................... 16
Attachment 1
City of San Luis Obispo
2005 Water Resources Status Report
The annual Water Resources Status Report for the City of San Luis Obispo is prepared by the
Utilities Department to provide the City Council and interested members of the community with
an update of the status of existing water resources as well as water supply projects being pursued
to meet the community's future needs. The report covers five main areas: 1.) Existing Water
Supply Status, 2.) Multi-Source Water Supply Projects, 3.) Water Conservation Program, 4.)
Water Supply Strategy to Meet Future Needs, and 5.) Projected Water Supply Situation. The
report provides an opportunity to evaluate the existing water supply situation for the City,
identify the amount of water currently available to serve new development, and discuss issues
relative to existing policies and water projects being pursued.
I. EXISTING WATER SUPPLIES
The City of San Luis Obispo currently utilizes three sources of water supply to meet the
community's water demand: Santa Margarita Lake (also referred to as Salinas Reservoir), Whale
Rock Reservoir, and groundwater. The adopted safe annual yield from these three sources for
2005 is 7,490 acre feet (af) which takes into account annual estimated reductions due to siltation
at the reservoirs. The actual total city-wide water use for 2004 was 6,239 of which was about
4.5% higher than last year's use of 5,969 af. The higher water consumption is likely the result of
the low rainfall amounts in early 2004 which resulted in earlier activation of irrigation systems.
Current Status
This past year's rainfall was well above average for Cal Poly and Salinas and Whale Rock
Reservoirs with the two lakes receiving over 150%of the average (Table 1). This year's rainfall
began with above average amounts in Table L• Area Rainfall
October. November did not receive
significant rain fall amounts but - Location __2004/05___. Avera e.
January, February and March were all Cal Poly State University 32.89" 22.47"
well above average. With the abundant Whale Rock Reservoir 30.19" 19.35"
winter rains, Salinas Dam began Salinas Reservoir 36.86" 21.00"
spilling on January 10`h and Whale
Rock began spilling on April 5`h. As of May 16, 2005, both reservoirs were still spilling. With
the winter runoff, Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs are both at 100% capacity as of May 2005.
For the calendar year of 2004, the water demand for the City of San Luis Obispo was provided
from the three available sources as shown in Table 2. The total water demand for all City uses in
2004 was 6,239 of which was approximately 4.5% more than the total water use for 2003. The
total amount of City water use shown in Table 2 does not include domestic water delivered to
Cal Poly University which is accounted for from their available water supply from Whale Rock
Attachment ]
2005 Water Resources Status Report
Page 2
Reservoir. As of May 1,
Table 2:.Water Supply Sources 2005, the City's available
Salinas Whale Rock Groundwater Total
water storage in Salinas
Reservoir (above minimum
3,346 of 2,753 of 140* of 6,239 of pool) was 21,843 acre feet.
The City's share of the
* 179 of total,including Corp Yard and Golf Course wells Whale Rock storage (above
minimum pool) was 21,282
acre feet. The combined water storage available to meet city water needs was 43,125 acre feet
(i.e. 100% of maximum storage in each reservoir).
Based on the available water storage in both reservoirs, estimated groundwater production and
assuming the return of drought conditions as experienced during the late 1980s, the City has
approximately 7 years of water supply, according to the computer storage model as shown in
Figure 4 (figures are at end of report). The model assumes that additional conservation
measures, consistent with our water shortage contingency plan, are implemented when supplies
are estimated to last only three years. The various stages of conservation are indicated in Figure
4 and are discussed in more detail in the Water Shortage Contingency Plan. The Plan is an
Appendix to the Urban Water Management Plan that was updated and adopted in April of 2001.
Water Consumption
As noted previously, the total City water use for 2004 was approximately 4.5%more than the use
for 2003. Table 3 shows the population estimates from 1995 through 2004 as well as the total
City water use and corresponding per capita use rate. Based on policies contained in the Water
Management Element of
the General Plan, the Table 3: Population Estimates,Water Use& Rainfall
City has adopted a per ---- -- - - - _. _
capita planning use rate Year Po-alaton Acre Feet Per Capita _Rainfall
of 145 gallons per 1995 41,295 5,574 121 cd 44.33"
person per day (gpcd) 1996 41,404 5,791 125 gpcd 24.06"
for projecting future 1997 41,807 6,220 133 gpcd 31.36"
water supply needs and 1998 42,201 5,853 124 gpcd 43.54"
determining the 1999 42,446 6,172 130 gpcd 16.34"
availability of water for 2000 44,174 6,121 124 gpcd 24.97"
new development. The 2001 44,218 5,886 119 gpcd 24.53"
145 figure is not the 2002 44,333 6,032 121 gpcd 22.91"
amount that the average 2003 44,225 5,968 120 gpcd 16.08"
person uses but takes 2004 44,176 6,239 126 cd 32.89" _
into account all water 1.Rainfall amounts for July through June from Cal Poly weather station
uses including
residential, commercial, industrial, landscape, etc. Chart 1 shows the water use between
different customer classes for 2004 (landscape use is only specific dedicated landscape meters).
The city wide water use is monitored to insure that actual use remains below the adopted
planning figure so that the City does not exceed our available water resources.
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2005 Water Resources Status Report
Page 3
While per capita use increased following the
Chart 1:Water Use by Category end of the drought up to 1997, the use appears
Landscape to have stabilized since that time. This last
Irrigation 8
10% ley year's per capita water use was approximately
Commercial � Residential 126 gpcd, an increase from last year's use of
2
42% 120 gpcd. This increase was likely due to the
lw iti-family minimal rainfall received at the beginning of
Residential 2004 and earlier initiation of landscape
19% irrigation due to the dry conditions last spring.
There are a number of other factors that can
impact the per capita use rate including: population figure estimates from the State which can
fluctuate and hardware retrofit that was a requirement for new development from 1989 to 2002.
It should be noted that new development had been required to retrofit to not only offset their
expected water use but at twice the estimated use (i.e. 2 to 1). The mandatory retrofit
requirement was eliminated as of January 1, 2002 based on the fact that the majority of existing
toilets have been retrofit. With the elimination of the retrofit requirement, the overall per capita
use figure may tend to increase as new development occurs. Maintaining per capita use rates in
the 130 gpcd range may likely be achievable over the long term but additional time should be
provided to insure use will remain at these lower levels.
Water Available for Development
The policies in the Water Management Element of the General Plan determine the water available
for new development. Section 8.2.A. states"The City will make available to new development only
that amount of safe annual yield which exceeds present water use (policy 3.4)." Policy 3.4 and .
related policies define present water use as the current population times the adopted per capita water
use rate(145 gallons per capita per day). Based on these policies,Table 4 below indicates the water
available to allocate to new development in 2005. The population figures are provided by the
California Department of Finance. The estimates provided recently by the State adjusted the
population estimate for 2004 from 44,176 to 44,163. This year's.estimate of 44,519 represents an
approximate 0.8%population increase.
Table 4: Water Available for Development
Year Population Present'Water Safe"Annual Water Available
Demand Yield 1 for Allocation
145 gped
2005 44,519 7,230 af. 7,490 a f 260 of
I From Water Management Element,Table 1: includes reductions due to siltation to date
Per Water Management Element Policy 8.1.3, one-half of the water available for allocation will be
reserved to serve intensification and infill development within city limits existing as of July 1994.
Therefore, 130 acre feet is available to serve new annexation areas outside the July 1994 city limits
and 130 acre feet is reserved for infill and intensification projects. Table 5 below shows the water
that has been allocated to residential versus non-residential development since 1995. Table 5
includes all projects within the city,both infill and annexation areas.
Ir,
C�� ,
Attachment
2005 Water Resources Status Report
Page 4
Table 5: Water for Development acre feet
Year Residential Non-Residential Total
1995 16.89 12.02 28.91
1996 24.54 5.83 30.37
1997 39.96 16.94 56.90
1998 41.40 8.32 49.72
1999 16.26 17.42 33.68
2000 25.08 1.73 26.81
2001 29.10 20.52 49.62
2002 25.02 1.08 26.10
2003 57.87 14.59 72.46
2004 76.70 14.28 90.98
Total 352.82 112.73 465.55
II. MULTI-SOURCE WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS
Water Management Element Policy 7.1 identifies the strategy of developing multiple sources of
water supply as a basis for strengthening the security of the resources to meet the City's water
demand. The policy states that "The City shall continue to develop and use water resource projects
to maintain multi-source water supplies, and in this manner, reduce reliance on any one source of
water supply and increase its supply options in future droughts or other water supply emergencies."
Much like financial planning strategies, a diversified "portfolio" of water supplies will protect
against future uncertainties of any one water source.
With the City Council's decision to participate in the Nacimiento Pipeline Project, modification
to several of the policies in the Water Management Element were approved by the City Council
on June 29, 2004. These policy changes strengthen the need for developing additional water
resources to account for future siltation losses, drought, loss of yield from an existing supply
source, operational requirements to meet peak operating demands, and other unforeseen
conditions. These Secondary Supply Requirements are in addition to the Primary Supply
Requirements shown in Table 6 below.
Based on the General Plan build-out
population of 56,000 and the per capita Table 6: Primary Supply Requirements (acre feet)
water use rate of 145 gpcd, the projected Safe Annual Yield Required at Build-out 9,096
demand at full build-out is 9,096 acre Current Safe Annual Yield 2005 7,490
feet per year (afy). Table 6 shows the Additional Safe Annual Yield Required 1,606
primary water supply requirements
based on the adopted policies to meet Siltation(2005 to 2025) 200
General Plan build-out. The Water Total Water Supply Requirement 1,806
Management Element policies identify
CS � ( I
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Attachment 1
2005 Water Resources Status Report
Page 6
identifies the logical expansion of the water reuse distribution system to more fully utilize the
available recycled water.
Nacimiento Pipeline Proiect
In 1959, the County of San Luis Obispo acquired the rights to 17,500 acre-feet per year (afy) of
water from Nacimiento Reservoir. In 1995, the County began the most recent effort to bring the
water to various cities, County Service Areas, and other water agencies in the northern part of the
County.
The Final Environmental Impact Report for the project was certified by San Luis Obispo County
Board of Supervisors on January 6, 2004. On January 13, 2004, the City Council considered
information regarding the current project status, the draft participation agreement as prepared by the
County, cost allocation methodologies and the proposed process for further consideration of the
City's participation in the project. Following Council direction, staff returned to the Council on
February 10,2004 to discuss participation in the project. Council directed staff to return to Council
on March 9, 2004 with recommended amendments to the General Plan Water and Wastewater
Management Element (Water Element) to address policies related to service and reliability to
support Council direction for participation in the Nacimiento Water Supply Project. At the March
9t' meeting, Council supported participation in the project for a total City allocation of 3,380 acre
feet per year and directed staff to initiate the process to amend the Water Element of the General
Plan.
Staff developed draft language for amendments to the Water Element and presented the
recommendations to the Planning Commission on April 28, 2004 for their consideration. With
minor wording changes, the Planning Commission unanimously approved the draft policy changes
for consideration by the City Council.
On June 29, 2004, the Council approved the amendments to the General Plan Water and
Wastewater Element, the Final Environmental Impact Report for the Nacimiento Project, and
execution of the agreement with the County for participation in the Project. The project is currently
in the initial design phase and various consultants are being hired to provide specific services such
as surveying, geotechnical, right-of-way acquisition, preparation of plans and specifications, eta.
Current project schedules estimate project.completion and.initial water deliveries in 2010.
Additional Water Conservation Stratemies
As part of the 2003-2005 Financial Plan, Council approved funding necessary to expand the
water conservation program to include a more aggressive water conservation program, which
would have an irrigation efficiency component, and a broadened commercial conservation
program. Table 8 summarizes the estimated water savings that the expanded programs are
anticipated to yield. As indicated in the table, the irrigation efficiency component of the program
has the greatest potential for water savings, thus is the primary focus of the expanded program.
The program is discussed in more detail in the Water Conservation section of this report.
Attachment i
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2005 Water Resources Status Report
Page 5
that any water available above that needed to serve build-out will be for secondary water needs
(future siltation, loss of a supply source, etc.) and will not be made available to serve new
development above adopted General Plan build-out.
The City is currently pursuing or considering the following supplemental water supply projects:
Water Reuse Project, the Nacimiento Pipeline Project, increased water conservation strategies,
additional groundwater resources, potential desalination facility, and the Salinas Reservoir
Expansion Project. The following is a brief status report on each of these projects being
considered to meet the City's future water needs.
Wafer Reuse Proiect
Beginning in spring of 2006, recycled water will flow to several parks, sports fields, and other
landscaped areas. Initially, approximately 130 acre-feet per year of recycled water will offset
potable water that has been used for irrigation. The Water Reclamation Facility produces enough
recycled water so that approximately 1,000 acre-feet per year could be delivered for irrigation in the
future. The additional water will be used to irrigate new developments within the City as well as
appropriate existing irrigation sites.
Recycled water will provide a reliable long-term source of water for the City. Since drought
conditions have very little impact on this source of supply, a dependable water supply can be
delivered to the parks, playgrounds and similar landscape areas served by the project even during
drought periods.
Water Recycling became economical in 1994 after the City completed a$25 million upgrade of the
Water Reclamation Facility(WRF) to comply with requirements for discharge to San Luis Obispo
Creek. The tertiary treatment required for discharge to the creek, produces recycled water that can
be used to irrigate parks,playgrounds, agricultural crops, and landscaping. The recycled water may
also be used in industrial processes,for construction,and many other non-potable uses.
During this past year the two major project components have been under construction. The first
component involves the offsite pipeline and distribution facilities to deliver recycled water and the
second involves the improvements
Table 7: Water Reuse Project Costs at the City's Water Reclamation
- - Facility. Bids for the project were
Project Component Engineer's : Low Bid tY• P J
Estimate : received on March 25, 2003 and
WRF Improvements $5,640,000 $5,440,528, were below the engineer's
Water Distribution System $7,630,000 $5,024,528 estimates for both projects as
shown in Table 7.
The offsite pipelines for the recycled water distribution system were completed in August of 2004.
The WRF improvements are estimated to be completed by the early 2006 with initial water
deliveries beginning in the spring of 2006.
In addition to the construction of the first phase of the water reuse system, a Water Reuse Master
Plan was completed and approved by the City Council on September 19, 2004. The.Master Plan
oc. ( 3
Attachment
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2005 Water Resources Status Report
Page 7
The goal for the first year of the Table 8: Savings from Expanded Conservation
landscape portion of the program Program Total Savings 1St Year
was a savings of about 90 acre acre feet Savin
feet of water. Conservation staff Landscape/Irrigation 270 90
has developed a monitoring Non-residential 70 to 75 20 to 25
program to determine the Total 340 to 345 .110 to 115
effectiveness of the program.
The results of the monitoring program will be better known towards the end of the irrigation
season, possibly by September or October of 2005. The estimated savings for the first year will
be included in next years Water Resources Status Report.
About half of the estimated water savings of the non-residential program was based on a pending
cooperative grant proposal submitted to the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) by
the California Urban Water Conservation Council (CUWCC). The requested funds would offset
the cost of replacing restaurant spray rinse valves with low water using models. The new low
flow valves save about 200 gallons of water per day per valve. This portion of the program has
been delayed because of contracting problems between the CPUC and the CUWCC. It is
anticipated the contract issues will be resolved and the program will begin during the summer
2005.
Additional Groundwater Resources
The City's Safe Annual Yield (SAY) Model identifies 500 afy of our water resources as being
contributed from groundwater. However, actual groundwater pumped over the past few years
has been around 150 afy. This is due to several of the City's wells being taken off-line as a
result of rising levels of certain contaminants.
San Luis Obispo's groundwater basin is relatively small with limited yield. In addition to issues
with nitrate and PCE contamination, pumping additional groundwater may impact the underflow
to San Luis Obispo Creek resulting in environmental concerns.
Stetson Engineers were hired by the City to prepare the Phase 1 evaluation of increasing
groundwater production. The "Groundwater Project: Phase 1 — Evaluation of Project
Alternatives and Potential Impacts" was completed in September 2004. The Phase 1 report
provided a preliminary evaluation of the various treatment processes available to remove the
contaminants, an evaluation of potential well sites, a preliminary environmental evaluation,
evaluation of the alternatives including costs analysis and an evaluation of possible sites for
locating treatment facilities.
The main issue continuing to confront the successful implementation of.increased groundwater
production involves potential impacts to stream flows in the area. This question has been
discussed in past reports and has been very difficult to properly evaluate due to limited historical
information. With the recent decision for City participation in the Nacimiento Project and the
cost and uncertainty of the additional studies.necessary to evaluate project impacts, the Council
deferred additional phases of the Groundwater Development Project on December 7, 2004.
Attachment 1
2005 Water Resources Status Report
Page 8
Desalination Facility
The City of San Luis Obispo has investigated the potential to construct a desalination facility in
the past to meet city water demands. In 1989, the City was experiencing a significant drought
and as such was pursuing the construction of a temporary(5 year) desalination facility located on
PG&E (nowDuke) power plant property in Morro Bay. The idea was to utilize the existing
intake and outfall facilities from the plant to minimize potential impacts associated with the
construction and operation of a desalination plant. PG&E was not interested in a long-term
agreement for use of the facilities and construction of the desalination facility on their property,
but were willing to allow a short-term lease due to the serious water shortage facing the City of
San Luis Obispo. With the "Miracle March" rains of 1991, the City was able to curtail work on
this project which was estimated to cost over $20 million (at that time) and would only be used
for five years.
The City also discussed the possibility of a joint agency use of the City of Morro Bay's existing
desalination facility. The existing facility could be utilized by both agencies and the capacity
could be more than doubled from 645 acre feet per year to approximately 1,550 acre feet per
year. Following numerous meetings and discussions, the City of Morro Bay decided that the
joint use of their existing desalination facility was not in their best interest. As such, the
discussions relative to the cooperative use of the facility were curtailed.
There is the potential for the City of San Luis Obispo to consider construction of a desalination
facility in the future to meet projected water needs if other water supply projects currently being
pursued are not successful. The desalination facility could potentially be located at or near the
Duke Power Plant to utilize existing outfall facilities or it could be located in other areas nearby
such as Whale Rock Reservoir property. Pursuit of a new desalination facility, especially one
that required new intake and outfall facilities, would require significant study and analysis prior
to construction. Impacts associated with the project would need to be thoroughly evaluated and
numerous regulatory permits would be required. Based on other potential water supply projects
currently.being pursued,staff recommends that a potential desalination facility be considered as
one of the last options.
Salinas Reservoir Expansion Project
The City has considered the Salinas Reservoir Expansion Project for many years as a project to
provide additional water resources. The project when originally envisioned seemed relatively
simple and straight forward: install a spillway gate in theclam,that was originally intended as part
of the structure. The installation of the spillway gate would raise the maximum water surface
level by approximately 19 feet. This would increase the storage capacity by almost 18,000 acre
feet (currently 23,843 af) and would result in an estimated increase of safe annual yield of 1,650
acre feet.
The project has many hurdles to overcome prior to initiation of construction. The major issues
involve environmental impacts due to inundation of areas around the lake, opposition by
agencies and individuals in the north county due to concerns of impacts to groundwater
resources, and strengthening of the dam to safely store the additional water.
Attachment i
2005 Water Resources Status Report
Page 9
With the City Council's recent decision on the Nacimiento Project and the fact that the Salinas
Reservoir Expansion Project is a Tier 3 project (as discussed later in the report), staff would
recommend that the expansion project be considered as one of the last options.
One area which will require additional work relative to the Salinas Reservoir involves the
ownership of the dam. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps) owns the dam and related
facilities, pipelines and pump stations and the property surrounding the reservoir. In the past,
there have been three separate agreements with the Corps relative to operations and activities at
Santa Margarita Lake (Salinas Reservoir). The County of San Luis Obispo currently has a lease
with the Corps which authorizes the use of the area around the lake for recreation proposes. The
County Flood Control and Water Conservation District has had an agreement with the Corps for
the ongoing operation and maintenance of the dam and related delivery facilities. And finally,
the City of San Luis Obispo has had an agreement with the Corps for use of the water from the
lake which includes the responsibility for paying all costs associated with the operations and
maintenance of the dam and water delivery facilities by the County. These last two agreements
expired in 2004 and the Corps granted a two year extension to June of 2006 to provide time to
pursue the transfer of the ownership of the facilities to a local agency as discussed in more detail
below.
As the Council is likely aware, the Corps has been interested in transferring ownership of the
dam and surrounding property to a local agency since the early 1970's. The facilities serve no
federal purpose and as such the Corps wants to transfer the facilities to a local agency. This
issue has come up a number of times over the years and has never been successfully resolved.
The Corps, City and County staff have met several times this past year to develop a strategy for
completing the necessary studies and reports to .allow the property transfer to occur. The
following studies or actions would likely be required to allow the transfer of the property to
occur:
■ Cultural Resources Evaluation
■ Hazardous Materials Evaluation
■ NEPA/CEQA documentation
• Possible Special Legislation to allow transfer
In addition, a meeting with the State Division of Safety of Dams (DSOD) staff and Corps and
City staff was held on January 25, 2005 to discuss the State's jurisdiction of the dam following
the ownership transfer. Once the dam is transferred to a local agency, DSOD would be the
regulatory agency with oversight of the dam structure and operations. The State's dam safety
criteria would apply which are different from the federal requirements. Additional seismic
studies and other evaluations may be required by DSOD prior to their certification of the dam. -
The costs associated with these studies and actions would likely be several hundred thousand
dollars. While the Corps will likely ask the local agencies to pay for these studies, additional
discussions with the Corps and the City and County will be necessary to determine appropriate
responsibilities for this funding. Also, development of the appropriate agreements between the
City and County will be required to identify which entity will actually own the facilities and
Attachment 1
2005 Water Resources Status Report
Page 10
define the ongoing contractual relationship between all of the parties involved in activities at
Santa Margarita Lake. It is currently envisioned that the County Flood Control and Water
Conservation District would be the agency to own the facilities and property provided
appropriate conditions were included in the agreements to protect the City's interests.
III. WATER CONSERVATION PROGRAM
The Water Conservation Program is an integral part of the City's overall water management
strategy and can actually be considered as a new source of supply contributing to our safe annual
yield based on the water saved. Since the mid 1980's, the City has implemented water efficiency
programs and policies that have enabled the City to decrease overall demand while the
population continues to grow. In 1991, the City became one of the charter members of the
California Urban Water Conservation Council and has implemented the organization's fourteen
`Best Management Practices" (BMP's) regarding urban water conservation. The Memorandum
of Understanding acts as a road map for the City's long-term water conservation program and
signifies a commitment to the implementation of the BMP's. The fourteen BMP's are listed
below:
1. Water Use Survey Programs for Single-Family Residential and Multi-Family Residential
Customers
2. Residential Plumbing Retrofit
3. System Water Audits, Leak Detection and Repair
4. Metering with Commodity Rates for All New Connections and Retrofit of Existing
Connections
5. Large Landscape Conservation Programs and Incentives
6. High-Efficiency Washing Machine Rebate Programs
7. Public Education Programs
8. School Education Programs
9. Conservation Programs for Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional Accounts
10. Wholesale Agency Assistance Programs
11. Conservation Pricing
12. Conservation Coordinator
13. Water Waste Prohibition
14. Residential Ultra Low Flush Toilet Replacement Programs
Based on the BMP's, the City's Water Conservation Program is divided into three primary
components:
1. Water hardware retrofitting
2. Technical assistance
3. Public education and information
The following is a summary of these water conservation program components:
Attachment 1
i
2005 Water Resources Status Report -
Page 11
Water Hardware Retrofitting Summary
With the adoption of the UWMP in Table 9: Summary of Toilet Retrofitting
1994, toilet retrofitting had been
identified as a significant water Year Rebate Offset Total Estimated
demand management strategy and Savings
integral part of the City's overall 1999 160 2,145 2,305 130 of
management plan. As of December 2000 76 3,194 3,270 155 afy
2004, approximately 32,300 toilets 2001 53 2,590 2,643 185 afy
out of an estimated 39,000 toilets 2002 54 860 914 44 afy
have been retrofitted either through 2003 93 274 367 17afy
the Retrofit Rebate, Retrofit Upon 2004 38 297 335 20afy
Sale and/or the Water Offset
Programs. This equates to Total 474 99360 99834 551 of
approximately 83% of all toilets Totals.Since 9466 239082 32,348 1,470 afy
within the City of San Luis Obispo. 1990
This represents an annual estimated
water savings of over 1,400 acre feet.
Table 9 summarizes the toilet retrofit activity since 1999 and the program totals since 1990. A
vast majority of the toilets replaced through the years have been through the Water Offset
Program (Retrofit to Build). The mandatoy Water Offset Program was terminated in January
2002. As can be seen in Table 9,toilet replacement has dramatically decreased since that time.
As part of the 2001-03 Financial Plan, a High Efficiency Washing Machine Rebate Program was
implemented. A $150 dollar rebate was offered for qualifying machines. The budgeted amount
was for 100 machines for each fiscal year.
Table 10• Washing Machine Rebates Funding for the 2001-02 and 2002-03 fiscal
years was fully utilized by January 2003.
Year"T Rebate Estimated The Council continued funding the
Savings program as part of the 2003-05 Financial
- - Plan but participation in the program has
2001 45 .75 afy been up and down as indicated in Table 10.
2002 131 2.2 afy Staff continues to market the program to
2003 - 31 1 .52 afy the local appliance dealers and is hopeful
2004 60 1 afy that participation will increase with the
Total 267 4.47 afy stepped up efforts. It is estimated that
about 4.5 acre feet of water will be saved
Com- �g
Attachment 1
2005 Water Resources Status Report
Page 12
annually by these water efficient machines with considerable energy savings as a side benefit.
Technical Assistance
The Utilities Conservation Office (UCO) offers technical assistance to water customers via free
indoor and outdoor water audits. The audits include indoor
and outdoor leak detection services, irrigation system Table 11: Water Audits
evaluation, landscape plant material information and other . .
information on how to use water efficiently. The requests for D:escriptoa Npmber
audits are typically received from people experiencing high Toilet Leak 346
water bills, residents participating in the low income Excessive Irrigation 412
assistance program, or customers requesting a utility bill Irrigation Leak 133
adjustment through the Utility Billing Adjustment
Committee. Service Line Leak 47
Leak @ Meter 91
The Water Audit Program has been very active the last Total 1,029
several years due mainly to the staff follow-ups to high meter
readings. Prior to the year 2000, the office averaged about 250 audits per year. The office saw a
dramatic increase in audit activity when the UCO took over the task of investigating high water
bills and began a program to contact customers with consistently higher than average water-bills.
During the calendar years 2000 and 2001, approximately 450 water audits were performed each
year by UCO staff. For the calendar year 2002 the number increased to about 600 water audits.
For the calendar year 2003, UCO staff performed 768 water audits and in 2004 about 1,030
water audits,with the most common problems listed in Table 11. These water audits often reveal
problems which are then corrected by the property owner, which results in lower water use and
reduced water bills.
Public Information & Education
In our ongoing effort to educate the public on efficient resource utilization, the Utilities
Conservation Office provides informational brochures on a variety of water conservation and
recycling topics upon request. Additionally, staff has produced a quarterly newsletter which
focuses on current information regarding water, wastewater, storm water and solid waste issues.
Additional information has been distributed through paid media advertising and public service
announcements and participation at Farmer's Market, Garden Festival, etc. The current
emphasis in the water conservation program's information and education campaign is efficient
irrigation practices.
In addition to the above programs, in 1999 the Utilities Department implemented a water education
program within San Luis Obispo Coastal School District. The program targets third and fourth
grades, to compliment the study of water within the school district. Teachers have been
enthusiastic about the new program, particularly with the field trip to the Water Reclamation
Facility.
During the 2003-2004 school year, 16 class presentations and 16 field trips were given for 'schools
within the city. The class presentations were 45 minutes and covered the subjects of: Water Cycle,
nttecnment i
2005 Water Resources Sta___s Report
Page 13
Water Treatment, Water Use, Water Conservation, and Water Reclamation. The classroom
presentation is a prerequisite for the field trip.
The department's hope is that the conservation education programs are lively, fun and
interesting, so that the teachers will continue to want to use the presentations, water education
toolkits and tours as a way of enhancing their current water education curriculum. The benefits
are immediate and long-term. Instilling water awareness in children leads to increased parental
water awareness. It also positively affects future .generations: these students are tomorrow's
adults and they will have the information to make informed and appropriate decisions about
water. It is expected that demand for the programs and field trips in the upcoming year will be
similar to this last year.
New Water Conservation Programs
Because of the City's affiliation with the California Urban Water Conservation Council
(CUWCC), valuable information regarding water conservation program development and
implementation is available. Most of the nation looks to California, and more specifically to the
CUWCC and the BMPs when developing water efficiency programs. Given this fact; the City's
water conservation program uses the CUWCC information to determine if the implementation of
a new program will provide dependable water savings in a cost effective manner. Many new
studies are currently under way and the information obtained from these studies may lead to new
programs in the future.
As previously discussed in the report, prior to the development of the 2003-2005 Financial Plan,
staff prepared a report for Council consideration relative to the expansion of the Water
Conservation Program to include a more aggressive efficient landscape irrigation program and an
expanded commercial sector program. The landscape irrigation efficiency component of the
expanded program was implemented in January 2004. The program strategies are to directly
contact high residential water users and offering assistance, creating water budgets for
individually metered landscape accounts and analyzing commercial mixed water use accounts
which include landscape irrigation. To date, about 1,910 letters have been sent to high water use
residential customers. Of these, over 7% of the contacted customers responded to City staff and
requested more information or a water audit. Conservation staff is currently implementing a
monitoring system in an effort to quantify the water savings resulting from this effort. More
complete data should be available for the 2006 Water Resources Status Report.
The commercial portion of the program will initially be focusing on restaurant dishwashing
hardware and will be implemented in conjunction with the statewide CUWCC program which
will likely provide grant funding for purchase of the hardware. More information will be
provided as the details of the program are solidified. Implementation of these programs will take
place during the 2005- 06 fiscal year with progress reported in the 2006 Water Resources Status
Report.
Attachment 1
i1
2005 Water Resources Status Report
Page 14
Future Water Conservation Programs
The water saved through the Water Conservation Program, historically, has been the least cost
option when looking at new sources of supply. The City has implemented numerous programs
over the years which have resulted in a dramatic decrease in per capita water use. When
evaluating the potential yield from a new conservation measure, it is very important to factor in
the reliability of the program to achieve the estimated savings. That is why, in the past, toilet
and showerhead replacement had been the cornerstones of the Water Conservation Program.
As previously stated, numerous studies statewide are currently underway which are evaluating
new water conservation technology. One of the most promising studies which was reported in
last year's report.is evaluating several brands of irrigation controllers that use real time weather
data to determine when and how much to irrigate. Because of the time needed to evaluate the
data and results of the studies, definitive information is still not available.
The strategy at this point is to continue to focus on proper irrigation scheduling and upgrading
poorly designed systems, then as more information is available relative to the effectiveness of
this new.technology, it could be considered as a new program. Staff will continue to monitor
new and up and coming water conservation technologies and make recommendations to the
Council at the appropriate time.
IV. WATER SUPPLY STRATEGY TO MEET FUTURE NEEDS
The City of San Luis Obispo is currently pursuing multiple water supply projects to meet the
projected community needs based on the policies contained in the General Plan and related
Elements. The City Council has recently endorsed participation in the Nacimiento Project for a
total of 3,380 acre feet per year. Council approved modifications to the policies in the Water
Management Element to identify the appropriate uses for water in excess of the amount needed
to support General Plan build-out (shown
Table 12: Priority for Water Supply Projects in Table 6). To meet the primary and
Tier Project secondary water supply goals, the City
Water Reuse should develop the additional supplies from .
1 Nacimiento Pipeline multiple sources thereby diversifying our
Additional Water Conservation resources and strengthening our overall
L2Additional Groundwater Resources reliability.
Desalination
3 Salinas Reservoir Expansion During last year's Council discussion of the
2004 Water Resources Status Report, the
Council prioritized the potential water supply projects into three "tiers", as shown in Table 12.
The rationale for the prioritization takes into account many factors such as project
implementation obstacles and impacts, reliability, City control, costs, water rate implications and
likelihood of success.
The Water Reuse Project construction is well underway and recycled water deliveries should
begin in spring of 2006. When the project is completed, approximately 130 acre feet will
initially be used to offset potable demand and this amount would therefore be available for new
C5- a-P
Attachment 1
2005 Water Resources Status Report
Page 15
development based on the policies in the Water Management Element. Staff will continue to
actively pursue completion of the initial phase of the project. Additional yield will be developed
from the reuse project as development occurs in the south portion of the City. In addition, the
Water Reuse Master Plan has identified opportunities to systematically expand the use of
recycled water.
As the Nacimiento Project moves forward, significant staff resources and involvement will be
required. The primary areas of focus for staff will be: consultant selection, commission
governance and meetings, design review, financing, and environmental mitigation design. The
City will continue to dedicate the staff resources necessary to move this project through the
design phase and continue involvement in discussions relative to future governance of the
Nacimiento system following completion of construction.
The third area of focus will be to continue to improve our conservation efforts. Efficient use of
our resources stretches the availability of our water supplies and has proven to be very cost
effective. As part of the 2003-05 Financial Plan, the Council endorsed an expanded water
conservation program to achieve long-term water reductions. In addition, as new technology or
ideas surface in the future, the City needs to continue to evaluate the potential for conservation
strategies to reduce our demand for water.
The Council directed staff to defer additional work associated with the Groundwater Project on
December 7, 2004. The decision for City participation in the Nacimiento Project and the cost
and uncertainty of the additional studies necessary to evaluate increased groundwater pumping
impacts were the primary factors supporting deferral of the project at this time. The Council did
direct staff to pursue the development and use of groundwater to meet non-potable irrigation
needs of commercial or institutional customers where feasible.
Relative to desalination, the possible use of desalinated seawater will be a potential project for
the City if other less costly options prove unsuccessful. Desalination process efficiency
improvements over the past decade have resulted in lower costs for producing potable water
from seawater. It is likely that this trend will continue in the future, so pursuit of a desalination
project would likely benefit from delaying implementation until the water is actually needed.
The Salinas Reservoir Expansion Project has numerous hurdles to overcome prior to
construction. Pursuit of the Salinas Reservoir Expansion Project would require significant
financial and staff resources. Based on the Council's direction for participation in the
Nacimiento Project, staff would recommend that the expansion project be considered as one of
the last options. Staff will continue to work with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and County
staff relative to the transfer of ownership of the dam and property from the federal government to
a local agency.
Based on the above analysis: if our Tier 1 projects are successful, the City will be able to meet
the City's primary and secondary water needs as identified in the General Plan and related
Elements through a combination of Water Reuse, Nacimiento, and additional water conservation.
- Attachment 1
2005 Water Resources Status Report
Page 16
V. PROJECTED WATER SUPPLY SITUATION
Reservoir Storage Curve
The Reservoir Storage Curve is integral to the City's annual water plan analysis. It is a computer
model used to estimate the City's future reservoir storage based on historical drought weather
patterns, water use projections, reservoir data and available groundwater supplies. The model is
used to forecast the City's water supply position and to make certain water policy recommendations.
The model also assumes implementation of Stage I conservation when supplies are projectedto last
only three years. Stage II and III conservation measures are implemented when water supplies are
estimated to last only 2 years and 1 year, respectively(as shown on Figure 4). The curve has been
updated to reflect the City's current storage and the policies contained in the Urban Water
Management Plan.
The model predicts current water supplies would last until June of 2012 (Figure 4), under a set of
assumptions that represent the average weather conditions during the worst four years of the
drought period from 1986-91.
VI..SUNEM ARY
With the significant rainfall this year, both of the City's reservoirs (Salinas and Whale Rock) filled
to maximum capacity. Even with these available supplies, the City needs to continue pursuit of
additional supplemental water supplies to meet the goals of the General Plan. Based on the cost
projections for developing new water supplies, it is evident that water conservation will continue to
be a crucial element of the City's water resources planning in the future. With the multi-source
water policy, a number of supply projects under development, strong water conservation program
and other related policies which were adopted as part of the W.M.E.,the City is pursuing a direction
which will create a reliable supply of water to meet the current and future needs of the community.
Attachments: 1.Definitions
2.Figures 1-5
Attachment 1
Definitions
Safe Annual Yield:
The maximum quantity of water which can be delivered from the water
source each year during a critical dry period(i.e.historical drought period).
Acre Foot:
* 1 acre foot = 325,851 gallons
* Enough water to cover a football field with 1 foot of water
* Enough water to serve approximately 3.5 average single family homes (in San Luis
Obispo)per year
Gallons per Capita per Day(gpcd):
Calculation= Total Acre Feet x 325,851
City Population x 365
Present Water Demand(acre feet per year):
Calculation= 145 sped x Current City Population x.365
325,851
Salinas Reservoir:
Maximum Storage Capacity=23,842.9 acre feet
Minimum Pool= storage amount when water extractions must cease=2,000 acre feet
Surface Area=730 acres
Drainage Area= 112 square miles=71,700 acres
Whale Rock Reservoir:
Maximum Storage Capacity=40662 acre feet
Minimum Pool=storage amount when water extractions must cease=2,000 acre feet
Surface Area=594 acres
Drainage Area=20.3 square miles= 13,000 acres
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