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HomeMy WebLinkAbout06/19/2007, PUBLIC COMMENT - EMAILING: 11-VEHS, QUICK IDLING FACTS, NEW BUILDING NIGHT VIEWS, NEWBUILDING DAY VIEWS, MCD-PE06N, Page 1 of 1 /? Attachments can contain viruses that may harm your computer.Attachments may not display correctly. Council,SloCity From: BOB BEDARD[BOB.BEDAPD@US.STORES.MCD.COM] Sent: Mon 6/18/2007 8:34 AM To: Council,SloCity Cc: Subject: Emailing: 11-vehs,quick idling facts, new building night views, newbuilding day views, McD-PE06N,slo city council drive-thru request forreview, idling updates Attachments: ID 11-vehs.odf(49KB) 0 quick idling facts.pdf(117KB) F) new building night views.ipg(64KB) F� new building day views.ipg(95KB) D McD-PE06N.ipg(58KB) '2 slo-city council.drive-thru request for review.doc(28KB) D idling updates.pdf(199KB) Dear city staff, Please distribute this to the city council. Mr. Mayor, Honorable Members of the City Council Please find attached a few points that I will be presenting at the council meeting. I look forward to meet each of you and hear your thoughts on this great addition to the city . RECEIVED JUN 19 1007 SLO CITY CLERK The message is ready to be sent with the following file or link attachments: 11-vehs quick idling facts new building night views new building day views McD-PE06N slo city council drive-thru request for review idling updates RED FILE MEETING AGENDA DATE$—f447ITEM #2u9GcC Caisx r�cnnri 6,.. C COUNCIL CDD DIR CAO FIN DIR k;�ACAO FIRE CHIEF ,RPATTORNEY PW DIR iff CLERK/ORIG POLICE CHF ❑ DEPT HEADS REC DIR ®'jam UTIL DIR � � V^� �HR DIR o e(,& https://mail.slocity.org/exchange/slocitycouncil/Inbox/Emailing:%2011-vehs,%20quick%20id1ing%20fac... 6/19/2007 ® U.S.ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY EPA 400-F92013 OFFICE OF MOBILE SOURCES Motor Vehicles and the 1990 Clean Air Act Background The Clean Air Act of 1970 set a national goal of clean and healthy air for all. It estab- lished the first specific responsibilities for government and private industry to reduce emissions from vehicles,factories, and other pollution sources. In many ways,the far- reaching law has been a great success. Today's cars,for example, typically emit 70 to 90 percent less pollution over their lifetimes than their 1970 counterparts. Despite considerable progress,the overall goal of clean and healthy air continues to elude much of the country. Unhealthy air pollution levels still plague virtually every major city in the United States. This is largely because development and urban sprawl have created new pollution sources and have contributed to a doubling of vehicle travel since 1970. Furthermore,scientists and now the public have become concerned about previously unrecognized environmental threats such as global warming,acid rain and air toxics. With these issues in mind,Congress and the Administration in 1990 amended and updated the Clean Air Act for the first time since 1977. The 1990 Clean Air Act includes provisions to further control ground-level ozone (urban smog),carbon monoxide,and particulate emissions from diesel engines and to address air toxics and acid rain. Motor vehicles contribute to all these problems. This fact sheet focuses on the mobile source provisions of the 1990 law,which together will reduce most vehicle-related pollutants by more than 40 percent. The 1990 Clean Air Act —What's New? The new Clean Air Act strengthens components of the earlier law. The tailpipe stan- dards for cars,buses,and trucks have been tightened, and Inspection and Maintenance (I/M)programs have been expanded to include more areas and allow for more stringent tests. The 1990 law also introduces several entirely new concepts with regard to reducing motor vehicle-related air pollution. For the first time,fuel is considered along with vehicle technology as a potential source of emission reductions. And more attention is focused on reducing the growth in vehicle travel. The new provisions include: • Emphasis on Fuels The act mandates that improved gasoline formulations be sold in some polluted cities to reduce emissions of carbon monoxide or ozone-forming hydrocarbons. Other pro- grams set low vehicle emission standards to stimulate the introduction of even cleaner cars and fuels. • Nonroad Engines The 1990 Clean Air Act requires the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)to FACT SHEET OMS-11 August, 1994 Motor Vehicles and CAA consider emissions from off-highway vehicles as well as from highway vehicles such as cars and trucks. The so-called"nonroad"category includes boats,farm equipment, bulldozers,lawn and garden devices,and construction machinery. Because nonroad engines have not been previously regulated for pollution,they can be very dirty. EPA has determined that emissions from nonroad engines are a significant source of urban air pollution and is working with industry and the public to develop effective control strategies. • Clean Transportation Alternatives The law requires the smoggiest cities to limit growth in vehicle travel by encouraging alternatives to solo driving. In areas where ozone levels exceed certain criteria, employers of 100 or more will be asked to find ways to increase the average number of passengers in each vehicle for commutes to work and during work-related driving trips. The 1990 Amendments: The View from the Driver's Seat Typical drivers will probably not be aware of many vehicle and fuel changes manufac- turers are making in response to the 1990 Clean Air Act,although these changes could add $200 to the cost of a car and a few cents per gallon to the cost of gasoline. But there are other programs that drivers will notice,especially in areas with air pollution prob- lems. New 1994 and later model cars must be equipped with"onboard diagnostic systems." These systems feature dashboard warning lights that alert drivers to malfunctioning emission control equipment. Controlled by the vehicle's computer, the onboard diagnos- tic system must also be capable of storing trouble codes that help mechanics pinpoint the malfunction. Another change involves tampering and misfueling. Such activities have always been discouraged,but were previously illegal only for commercial operations. "Backyard mechanics"now are also subject to stiff penalties for deliberate tampering. For drivers in polluted cities,more changes will be apparent. Some cities will have to start I/M programs to check vehicle emissions on a regular basis. Areas that already require I/M testing may have to institute more stringent programs. A Summary of Some Specific Clean Air Act Programs • Tighter Tailpipe Standards Tailpipe (exhaust) standards for cars have been reduced under the 1990 law. The previous standards of 0.41 gram per mile (gpm)total hydrocarbons,3.4 gpm carbon monoxide,and 1.0 gpm nitrogen oxides have been replaced with standards of 0.25 gpm nonmethane hydrocarbons and 0.4 gpm nitrogen oxides (the 3.4 gpm standard for carbon monoxide does not change). These standards will be fully phased in with 1996 models. EPA is required to study whether even tighter standards are needed, technologically feasible,and economical. If EPA determines by 1999 that lower standards are warranted,the standards will be cut in half beginning with 2004 model year vehicles. 2of5 Motor Vehicles and CAA • Carbon Monoxide Control Mobile sources are the primary cause of carbon monoxide pollution in the United States. The 1990 Clean Air Act sets up two programs to address this problem. For the first time,carbon monoxide emissions will be regulated at cold temperatures. Carbon monoxide emissions can be very high in cold weather because both fuel com- bustion and pollution control equipment operate less efficiently in the cold. In the past,tailpipe standards applied only at 75 OF.so manufacturers optimized emission control equipment for that temperature. The 1990 Clean Air Act requires cars to meet a carbon monoxide standard at 20 OF., The phase-in of a 10 gpm standard began with 1994 models. If,by 1997, carbon monoxide levels are still too high in six or more cities,the cold temperature emission standard will drop to 3.4 gpm for 2002 models. The second new provision involves increasing the oxygen content of gasoline sold during the winter in cities that exceed national air quality standards for carbon monoxide pollution. The oxygen helps reduce carbon monoxide emissions by enhanc- ing fuel combustion. The wintertime fuel requirements began in 1992. • Ozone Control Ground-level ozone, a primary component of smog,exceeds healthy levels in cities across the United States. It is our most serious and persistent air quality problem. A major thrust of the 1990 Clean Air Act involves reducing urban ozone levels. As a complement to stricter tailpipe standards; the new law introduces several programs to minimize pollution from evaporating gasoline.Evaporative emissions are a major source of the hydrocarbon compounds that form ground-level ozone. Devices that trap gasoline vapors from the engine and fuel system will be improved. In addition, gaso- line volatility will be capped, reducing the propensity for gasoline to evaporate in the first place. • Air Toxics Control Most provisions requiring cleaner cars and fuels will dramatically lower vehicle toxic emissions. In addition,EPA has completed a study of air toxics emissions and may,if warranted,regulate emissions of benzene,formaldehyde, and other toxic air pollut- ants. • Reformulated Gasoline By 1995, all gasoline sold in the country's worst ozone areas must contain a minimum oxygen content and a maximum benzene content. Through refining changes that will not be apparent to motorists,reformulated gasoline will achieve a 15 to 17 percent reduction in both ozone forming hydrocarbons and toxic emissions from motor ve- hicles. By 2000,gasoline sold in these cities will achieve a 25 to 29 percent hydrocar- bon reduction, a 20 to 22 percent toxics reduction, and a 9 to 10 percent reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions. Many cities have voluntarily chosen to use this cleaner gasoline. • Urban Buses Beginning in 1993,the diesel particulate standard for urban buses was reduced by 60 percent, from 0.25 to 0.1 gram per brake-horsepower per hour(g/bhp-hr). 3of5 Motor Vehicles and CAA The standard,which applies to urban transit buses, dropped to 0.07 g/bhp-hr in 1994 and to 0.05 g/bhp-hr in 1996. If monitoring data show that buses in actual use are not meeting the standard,EPA must implement a"low-polluting fuels"program for new buses in large cities. Possible fuels include methanol,ethanol and compressed natural gas. • Clean Fleets Beginning in 1998,30 percent of new vehicles purchased by centrally-fueled fleets in certain cities will be required to use clean fuels and meet tailpipe standards that are lower than those in place for general passenger cars (0.075 gpm hydrocarbons,3.4 gpm carbon monoxide,and 0.2 gram per mile nitrogen oxides). The purchase require- ment will grow to 70 percent by the year 2000. The program,which is intended to stimulate development of new,low-polluting fuel/vehicle combinations,will affect 22 metropolitan areas in 19 states across the country where pollution levels are high. • California Pilot Program Like the fleets program, the California Pilot program is designed to encourage pro- duction of clean fuels and vehicles. Beginning in 1996,manufacturers must produce at least 150,000"clean"cars (capable of meeting a 0.125 gpm hydrocarbon, 3.4 gpm carbon monoxide, and 0.4 gpm nitrogen oxide standard) for sale in California. The number increases to 300,000 by the year 1999. In 2001,the standards drop to the fleets program levels. Other states may petition EPA to adopt this program. 4 of 5 Motor Vehicles and CAA Timetable for Selected Mobile Source Provisions of the 1990 Clean Air Act 1992 Limits on maximum gasoline vapor pressure became law nationwide. Regulations setting minimum oxygen content for gasoline took effect in areas where carbon monoxide levels exceed national pollution standards. 1993 Production of vehicles requiring leaded gasoline became illegal. New standards for sulfur content of diesel fuel took effect, reducing the maxi- mum sulfur level by 80 percent. 1994 Phase-in of tighter tailpipe standards for light-duty vehicles begins. Enhanced Inspection and Maintenance programs begin in some polluted cities. Phase-in of cold temperature carbon monoxide standards for light-duty vehicles begins. Trucks and buses must meet stringent diesel particulate emission standards. New cars must be equipped with on-board diagnostic systems. 1995 Reformulated gasoline provisions take effect in the nation's smoggiest cities and in other areas that voluntarily join the program. New warranty provisions on emission control systems take effect. 1996 Phase-in of California Clean Fuels pilot program begins. Lead banned from use in motor vehicle fuel. All new vehicles (1996 model year cars and light trucks)must meet new tailpipe and cold-temperature carbon monoxide standards. 1998 Clean-fuel fleet programs begin in ozone and carbon monoxide non-attainment areas in 19 states. 2001 Second phase of the Fleets and California Pilot clean fuels programs begin. For More Information: The Office of Mobile Sources is the national center for research and policy on air pollution from highway and off-highway motor vehicles and equipment. You can write to us at the EPA.National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory, 2565 Plymouth Road,Ann Arbor, MI 48105. Our phone number is (313) 668-4333. 5 of 5 G 0 C e m m a �- y c c is O7 y C � L m � r U � L C7 m . • • • • O • • • • • • Q U LL a H W y 3 V z s s . . . . . . . . e L s �' x a o y_ O o O v q! 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Peter Barton-Head of Engineering and Vehicle Testing with the Mobile Sources Emission Research and Measurement Division • Between 60%and 80%of the toxic air emissions from automobiles occur during start up periods. Dr.Christopher Frey and Dr.Nagui M.Rouphail of the Department of Civil Engineering at North Carolina State University as associated with Advances in Technology at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory • Catalytic Converters cool from 600°to 300°in less than 30 minutes. The catalytic converter is responsible for the chemical reactions that convert pollutants(e.g.carbon monoxide,hydrocarbons,and nitrogen oxides to water vapor,nitrogen,and carbon dioxide.)In less than 30 minutes,,a car cools enough to produce significant emissions upon start which are greater than idling engines. Dr.Christopher Frey and Dr.Nagai M.Rouphail of the Department of Civil Engineering at North Carolina State University as associated with Advances in Technology at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory • Idling produces significantly less carbon monoxide(CO)and unburned hydrocarbons(than restarting engines). Mobile Sources Emission Division • Uncontrolled emissions from a tailpipe during a start are the same as the average emission rate during acceleration(the highest rate of emissions.) It is recommended to IDLE your car before running it. Dr.Christopher Frey and Dr.Nagui M.Rouphail of the Department of Civil Engineering at North Carolina State University as associated with Advances in Technology at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory • "Save up little trips and combine them,so you avoid high polluting starts of a cold engine. Driving to the store once a week is much better for our environment than driving once a day." San Luis Obispo County Air Pollution Control District Page 1 of 1 ,r https://mail.slocity.org/exchange/slocitycounciL/Inbox/Emailing:%2011-vehs,%20quick%20idling%20fac... 6/19/2007 Page 1 of 1 q .T - o _ I 1A Fes"—' J X•� https://mail.slocity.org/exchange/slocitycouncil/Inbox/Emailing:%2011-vehs,%20quick%20idling%20fac... 6/19/2007 Page 1 of 1 j� https://mail.slocity.org/exchange/slocitycouncil/Inbox/Emailing:%2011-vehs,%20quick%20idling%20fac... 6/19/2007 June 14, 2007 Mayor David Romero 990 Palm St. San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 Dear Mayor Romero: Your local McDonald's is pleased to present some ideas regarding the renewed interest in Drive-thru services in the city of San Luis Obispo. Our community has grown greatly in the past 27 years. We have seen Costco, Home Depot and other big box stores move in and more shopping centers being built. • Many recent studies have determined that it is far better to let a car idle for Lip to six minutes than to tum the ignition off and than on again. Our drive-thru service times are extremely below this limit, as our business depends on speed. • It is a known fact that many businesses pass over the opportunity to invest in the city of San Luis Obispo in direct response to the drive-thru ban. These businesses know that sales revenues are considerably higher with the increase in service and speed to all customers, from mothers with small children to the elderly and disabled. • Existing business sites that are under performing may be seriously considering leaving the area. • We agree with the need for appropriate aesthetic solutions for incorporating drive- thru lanes. We appreciate your time and attention to this important economic issue for our community. Sincerely, Keith &Deborah Handley Dh/dah Attachments Many studies have been done assessing the emissions of pollutants due to vehicles. An extensive study done by Dr.Christopher Frey and Dr.Nagui M. Rouphail of the Department of Civil Engineering at North Carolina State University states that,"Emission rates on a mass per time basis are highest during vehicle acceleration,and lower by a factor of five to ten,on average,for idling." All results from their study derive from real-world on-road measurements of vehicle tailpipe emissions on a second-by-second basis. While these emissions may produce a concern,emissions for properly operating newer vehicle are YfnLlow during idling periods. It is recommended to let a car idle rather than restarting,it.if idling will be less than thirty minutes. Within minutes the catalytic converter cools enough to produce pollutants upon restarting that are significantly higher than that of an idling engine(Advances in Technology at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory). Key findings of the On Board Emissions Measurement study include that measured emission razes(on a gram per second basis)are highest during the acceleration driving mode and lowest for the idle driving mode. The difference between the two is typically a factor of five to ten on average,depending on the pollutant. In a fact sheet from the California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resource Board,it describes new vehicle modifications being taken to bring cars to zero emission. Emission rates reducing in every new vehicle is becoming a reality thus decreasing the need for concern for idling and running cars. In accordance with all of the studies presented,it can be determined that idling engines actually produce less emissions than restarting an engine.