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HomeMy WebLinkAbout06-02-2015 PH1 Expanded Polystyrene Ordinance June 2, 2015 PH1 FROM: Derek Johnson, Community Development Director Prepared By: Greg Hermann, Special Projects Manager SUBJECT: CONSIDERATION OF AN ORDINANCE REGULATING EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE FOOD CONTAINERS AND PRODUCTS RECOMMENDATION Introduce an Ordinance adding Chapter 8.06 to the San Luis Obispo Municipal Code prohibiting the use of expanded polystyrene food or drink containers and the retail sale of non-encased expanded polystyrene products. REPORT IN BRIEF The City Council previously provided direction via a study session to draft an ordinance to prohibit retail food providers within the City from providing food or drink in containers made from EPS and prohibit the retail sale of EPS products which are not wholly encapsulated or encased within a more durable material. In California, over 80 cities and counties have introduced regulations focused on restricting the use of food and drink containers made from EPS all citing the environmental effects of EPS as a basis for regulation. EPS is made of non-renewable petroleum products and is uniquely problematic as litter as EPS is a lightweight, durable material that is not biodegradable. The City is situated entirely within the 84 square mile San Luis Obispo Creek Watershed and a significant amount of EPS is found and discarded during creek cleanups. In order to develop a draft ordinance staff reviewed existing policies, researched approaches by other jurisdictions and gathered input from the public including the business community. The ordinance prohibits food providers from using disposable food or drink containers made of EPS and requires that disposable food and drink containers that are recyclable, compostable, or biodegradable be used as an alternative. The ordinance also prohibits the retail sale of products made of EPS not wholly encapsulated or encased in a more durable material. There are also exemptions if the ordinance creates an undue hardship for food providers. Undue hardship exemptions may be granted because alternatives are not available or because the alternatives are not affordable. An exemption for the retail sale of EPS products is included for packing materials which have been collected for reuse. The ordinance will take effect six months after final adoption with warnings occurring for an additional six months. The ordinance also provides an in-lieu fine program which allows receipts for acceptable products to presented in-lieu of paying an initial fine. DISCUSSION Council Direction At the March 4, 2014, City Council meeting, concerns were raised during public comment regarding the use of expanded polystyrene (EPS) products in the City. The City Council directed staff to address the consideration of regulations for EPS products at a future meeting. PH1 - 1 Expanded Polystyrene Food Containers and Products Page 2 On September 2, 2014, the City Council hosted a study session to review relevant policies, research from other agencies, and implementation and policy options (Attachment 1). After reviewing the information provided, receiving comments by the public and discussion by the City Council, direction was provided to draft an ordinance to prohibit retail food providers within the City from providing food or drink in containers made from EPS and prohibit the retail sale of EPS products which are not wholly encapsulated or encased within a more durable material. Background In California, over 80 cities and counties have introduced regulations focused on restricting the use of food and drink containers made from EPS. Some of those agencies have taken the additional step of prohibiting the retail sale of most EPS products within the city. Most agencies cite in their ordinances the environmental effects of EPS as a basis for regulation. First, EPS is made of non-renewable petroleum products. Secondly, food and drink containers made from EPS are uniquely problematic when they become litter as EPS is a lightweight, durable material that is not biodegradable. Its foam structure allows it to break easily into small pieces, making it difficult and expensive to remove from the environment. Additionally, these pieces can be harmful to fish and wildlife as it is often mistaken as food and ingested. According to the California Department of Transportation, EPS comprises approximately 15% of storm drain litter. It can be difficult, however, to approximate the exact amount of EPS in storm drains, waterways and oceans due to the small size of the material when broken down. A study published in 2011 found that 71% of all the plastic flowing through the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Rivers is foam. It is the second most common form of beach debris in California, according to a study conducted in Orange County. Also, several studies approximate that plastic products, including expanded polystyrene, make up 80-90% of floating marine debris. The City is situated entirely within the 84 square mile San Luis Obispo Creek Watershed and a significant amount of EPS is found and discarded during creek cleanups. In addition to reducing the amount of harmful litter entering local waterways, cities also typically cite the improved potential for recycling opportunities and diverting trash from landfills as a basis for an ordinance. EPS products are challenging to recycle due to a lack of recycling facilities and difficulties with recycling EPS that has been in contact with food. EPS products are not currently recycled at the Cold Canyon landfill. There is also a clear, non-expanded form of polystyrene used in food service called “oriented” or “rigid” polystyrene. These polystyrene containers are recycled at the Cold Canyon landfill even after having been in contact with food. Policy Analysis In order to develop a draft ordinance staff reviewed existing policies, researched approaches by other jurisdictions and gathered input from the public. Each of these steps is discussed below. 1. Existing Policies While concerns expressed by the community served as the catalyst for pursuing an EPS ordinance, there is also a significant policy foundation for such action. There are three City documents that either directly reference EPS or have policies regarding waste, recycling and sustainability that would support and ordinance of this type. Those documents are: PH1 - 2 Expanded Polystyrene Food Containers and Products Page 3 General Plan - Conservation and Open Space Element (COSE) Section 5 of the COSE establishes goals for the City related to the use of materials. These goals include using materials efficiently and minimizing the undesirable effects that can result from the use of potentially toxic materials. The policies developed in support of these goals include operational considerations such as avoiding materials which inhibit recycling, and purchasing products which incorporate recycled materials. Policies in this section also establish the role of the City to coordinate and participate in waste-reduction and recycling efforts, as well as the City’s responsibility to expand public education regarding conservation and sustainability. Climate Action Plan The Climate Action Plan identifies solid waste strategies to increase the community’s waste diversion rate, which is the amount of material diverted from the landfill to be recycled, composted or reused. One waste diversion strategy explicitly states that “(a)n ordinance that requires biodegradable food packaging in restaurants and other food vendors can reduce the amount of non- recyclable [plastic foam] that is sent to the landfill.” Implementation of this ordinance would accomplish this objective of the Climate Action Plan by increasing the amount of food containers which are recycled and thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions associated with solid waste disposal at the Cold Canyon landfill. Storm Water Management Plan The City’s Storm Water Management Plan does not directly address EPS, but does have related elements that involve public education and outreach for reducing pollutants and increasing recycling of materials that may enter storm drains. In addition, there are specific strategies aimed at pollution prevention which would include materials such as EPS. It should also be noted that the San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management Authority (IWMA) briefly discussed the issue of regulating EPS at their March 2014 Board Meeting. The outcome of that discussion was a determination that IWMA has no plans to consider a regional policy regulating EPS at this time. 2. Approaches from Other Agencies A wide range of cities and counties with adopted EPS ordinances were reviewed to study the scope of their regulations and methods for implementation and enforcement. These agencies were selected based on proximity, best practice ordinances or status as a benchmark city with San Luis Obispo. Most cities and counties focus on the environmental concerns of EPS food and drink containers as the basis for an ordinance. The major concerns cited include the fact that EPS is lightweight, and can be easily blown out of waste receptacles and into storm drains and waterways. Most communities also site the fact that EPS is not economically feasible to recycle. The ordinances reviewed had several common key elements including: • Prohibiting the use of EPS food and drink containers by food providers; • Including an “undue hardship” exemption for unique cases; o Many agencies also include an exemption for economic hardship defined as a 15% increase in cost for replacement products; PH1 - 3 Expanded Polystyrene Food Containers and Products Page 4 • Exemptions for packaging of uncooked food and food prepared or packaged outside of the city limits; • Timeframes for implementation after adoption ranging from 30 days to one year. Some cities and counties further the scope of their ordinance with additional elements. These elements include a requirement that replacement food and drink containers and products be recyclable, compostable, or biodegradable. There are also some jurisdictions that have included prohibiting the sale of most retail products made of EPS, such as small coolers and packing peanuts. Some ordinances also include an “in lieu of fine” program, where “in lieu” of paying a fine, the purchase of acceptable products can be made for the same amount. More information on approaches from other agencies can be found in the September 2, 2014 City Council study session staff report (Attachment 1). 3. Community Outreach Over the past several months, staff gathered input and solicited feedback from community stakeholders as well as the general public. Staff facilitated meetings with the Foam Free SLO (which includes representatives from local environmental groups), the Chamber of Commerce, affected business owners and other community members. In addition, staff used the Open City Hall tool on the City’s website to solicit additional feedback on the issue. This forum was advertised through the Chamber of Commerce, Downtown Association, City website notification and postcards mailed to over 250 businesses. The Open City Hall topic had 61 visitors and 25 statements posted or the equivalent of 1.3 hours of public comment. A complete report of statements from Open City Hall on this topic is included as Attachment 3. In general, those who were supportive of regulations for EPS stated: • Concern regarding negative environmental effects of EPS; • Concern of potential negative health effects of EPS; • Interest in reducing the amount of waste that ends up in landfills; and • General support for community sustainability. In general, those who were not supportive of regulations for EPS stated: • Concern regarding the additional cost of alternatives; • Concern performance of alternative products (e.g. rigidity, insulating properties, etc.); and • General concern over increased regulations. Proposed Ordinance The proposed ordinance was developed using City Council direction, best practice approaches by other jurisdictions and feedback from the community outreach. The ordinance has three main sections. The first section prohibits food providers from using disposable food or drink containers made of EPS. Second, the ordinance requires that all food providers use disposable food and drink containers that are recyclable, compostable, or biodegradable. The last section of the ordinance prohibits the retail sale of products made of EPS which are not wholly encapsulated or encased in a more durable material such as cups, plates, bowls, coolers and packing peanuts. PH1 - 4 Expanded Polystyrene Food Containers and Products Page 5 The ordinance also includes several exemptions. First, any food provider may file for an exemption if they can provide documentation of an undue hardship created by the ordinance. Undue hardship exemptions may be granted because alternatives are not available or because the alternatives are not affordable. For the purposes of this ordinance, affordable is defined as no more than 15% higher in cost then the product being replaced. Exemptions also apply to foam trays for uncooked meats and food prepared or packaged outside of the City. There are also certain exemptions to the prohibition of the retail sale of EPS products. These exemptions include products that contain EPS, but are wholly encapsulated in a more durable material such as coolers encased in hard plastic, construction materials made of EPS, and items related to public health and safety or a medical necessity. An additional exemption is included for packing materials which have been collected for reuse. The specific language for each of these sections can be found in the proposed ordinance (Attachment 3). Potential Impacts to Businesses The most frequently cited impact to businesses is cost. To better understand this, below is a cost comparison of EPS products to alternatives developed by the City of San Jose in 2012 as a part of a county-wide effort to regulate EPS. The results of that analysis are shown in the following table. Material Cups Plates Clamshell Container EPS $0.035 $0.056 $0.09 Rigid Plastic $0.026 $0.083 $0.25 Paper $0.055 $0.02 $0.28 Molded Natural Fiber n/a $0.064 $0.22 Compostable Plastic $0.07 $0.15 $0.33 Alternatives to EPS cups ranged from 26% less expensive to 50% more expensive. The range for plates was 35% less expensive to 63% more expensive for EPS alternatives. Alternatives to EPS clamshell containers ranged from 59% to 73% more expensive. Staff compared the results of the City of San Jose analysis to some local prices and found general concurrence with the findings. In addition, as a part of the September 2, 2014 City Council Study session a business survey was distributed with the assistance of the Chamber of Commerce. The results of the survey along with additional information on other potential impacts to business are included in the study session staff report (Attachment 1). It should be noted, that the Chamber of Commerce, after consideration by their Issues Evaluation Committee, voted to unanimously support the proposed ordinance. Potential Benefits to the Environment It is equally important to consider potential benefits to the environment from an ordinance regulating EPS. Classification of litter can be very time intensive and expensive. As a result, there is relatively little data on the outcomes of EPS ordinances. There are, however, some observational studies that have documented results. Those include: PH1 - 5 Expanded Polystyrene Food Containers and Products Page 6 • The City of Santa Cruz observed a 50% decrease in EPS food and drink containers picked up during annual beach and river cleanups between 2007-2012. • One year after implementation of the City of San Francisco ordinance that prohibits EPS food and drink containers, the City’s litter audit showed a 36% decrease in EPS litter. Implementation and Enforcement The ordinance is designed to take effect six months after final adoption and warnings will occur for an additional six months. This would allow businesses up to a year if necessary to make the transition to alternative products. During this time, City staff would send additional notification to affected businesses and make additional information available on the City’s website regarding compliance with ordinance. Enforcement of the recommended changes would continue through the existing operations and resources of Code Enforcement and Community Development Department staff. The ordinance also includes an in-lieu fine program which allows receipts for acceptable products to presented in-lieu of paying an initial fine. CONCURRENCES A team of staff from the Community Development, Utilities and Administration departments participated in the development and review of the draft ordinance. ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW The proposed ordinance is exempt from the environmental review requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) pursuant to Section 15061(b)(3) of Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations because it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the activity in question may have a significant effect on the environment. Further, the proposed Ordinance is exempt from CEQA on the separate and independent ground that it is an action of a regulatory agency (the City) for the protection of the environment because, among other things, it will regulate the use and sale of expanded polystyrene products and reduce the amount of expanded polystyrene products that enter local landfill and waterways. Thus, this Ordinance is categorically exempt from the requirements of CEQA under Section 15308 of Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations as an action by a regulatory agency for the protection of the environment. FISCAL IMPACT The proposed Ordinance adds additional regulations to the City’s Municipal Code. All complaints of this type are currently investigated and enforced by Code Enforcement staff. At this time, the impacts of implementing and enforcing the additional elements of the ordinance can be incorporated into existing resources. Additional resources may be required if further outreach is desired during implementation. ALTERNATIVES 1. Amend the proposed ordinance. The City Council may modify the proposed amendments to the Municipal Code. Specific direction should be given to staff regarding any modifications. PH1 - 6 Expanded Polystyrene Food Containers and Products Page 7 2. Continue the proposed ordinance. The City Council may continue action, if more information in needed. Direction should be given to staff regarding additional information needed to make a decision. 3. Reject the proposed ordinance. The City Council may reject the proposed ordinance although public testimony and current research demonstrate that an ordinance is needed. ATTACHMENTS 1. September 2, 2014 City Council Study Session Staff Report 2. Open City Hall Report 3. Proposed Ordinance T:\Council Agenda Reports\2015\2015-06-02\Expanded Polystyrene Ordinance (Johnson-Hermann)\ECAR- Expanded Polystyrene.docx PH1 - 7 THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK PH1 - 8 CityofSanLuisObispo, CouncilAgendaReport, MeetingDate, ItemNumber FROM: Derek Johnson, Community Development Director Prepared By: GregHermann, Special Projects Manager SUBJECT: REVIEW OF EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE FOOD CONTAINER AND PRODUCT REGULATIONS RECOMMENDATION 1. Receive a presentation on expanded polystyrene food container and product regulations and policy options. 2. Provide direction to staff regarding initiation of an ordinance. REPORT IN BRIEF On March 4th, 2014, the City Council directed staff to exploreoptions for establishing regulations for expanded polystyrene (EPS). This reportprovides a review of existing relevant policies, research from other agencies, and implementation and policy choices for the City Council to consider when providing direction to staff. In California, over 80 cities and counties (listed in Attachment 1) have introduced regulations focused on restricting the use of food and drink containers made from EPS, commonly referred to as Styrofoam™ or plastic foam. Some of those agencies have taken the additional step of prohibiting the retail sale of most EPS products within the city. Most agencies cite in their ordinancesthe environmental and potential healtheffects of EPS as a basis for regulation. EPS is made of non-renewable petroleum products and manufactured with a monomer called Styrene, which may have adverse effectson human health. EPS food and drink containers have been shown to leach this potentially carcinogenic chemical into food and drinks when heated or when coming into contact with hot foods.1 Food and drink containers made from EPS are also uniquely problematic when they become litter as EPS is a durable material that is not biodegradable. Its foam structure allows it to break easily into small pieces, making it difficult and expensive to remove from the environment. Additionally, these piecescan be harmful to fish and wildlife as it is often mistaken as food andingested. Accordingto the California Department of Transportation, EPS comprises approximately 15% of storm drain litter.2 It can be difficult, however, to approximate theexact amount of EPS in storm drains, waterways and oceans due to the small size of the material whenbroken down. A study 1 Food and Chemical Toxicology, Volume 33, Issue 6, Pages 475–481 (1995). Available at: http://ac.els- cdn.com/027869159500009Q/1-s2.0-027869159500009Q-main.pdf?_tid=1d125fac-2177-11e4-ad09- 00000aacb35d&acdnat=1407775800_19aeb4101043c117eb2842c55b96e237 2 California Integrated Waste Management Board, Useand Disposal of Polystyrene in California, 2004. Available at: http://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/Publications/Documents/Plastics/43204003.pdf 9/2/14 SS1 SS1 - 1 Attachment 1 PH1 - 9 Polystyrene Study Session Page 2 published in 2011 found that 71% of all the plastic flowing through the Los Angeles and San GabrielRivers is foam.3 It is the second most common form of beach debris in California, according to a study conducted in Orange County.4 Also, several studies approximate that plastic products, including polystyrene, make up80-90% of floating marinedebris. The City does not currently have data on theamount of EPSpresent in our storm drains or creeks, but can consider some methods of documentation during the next Creek Day. In addition to reducing the amount of harmful litter entering local waterways, cities also typically cite the improvedpotential for recycling opportunities and diverting trash from landfills as a basis for an EPS ordinance. EPS products are challenging to recycle and are not currently recycled at the Cold Canyon landfill through San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management. There is also a clear, non-expanded form of polystyrene used in food service called oriented” or “rigid” polystyrene. These rigid polystyrene containers are recycled in San Luis Obispo County even afterhaving been in contact with food. Food service based businesses are often mostimpacted by these types of ordinances. Frequently cited concerns are the additional cost of alternatives and performance of alternative products e.g. rigidity, insulating properties, etc.). DEFINITIONS In order to ensure a common understanding of terms being used in thediscussion that follows, definitions are offered below. A. “Foodcontainer” means a container that is used to hold prepared food or drinks. Food containerincludes cups, bowls, plates, trays, cartons or clamshell containers that are intended for single use. B. “Food provider” generally means anyvendor, business, organization, entity, group, or individual that offers food or beverages to the public for consumptionon or off premises, regardless of whether there is a charge for the food. “Food provider” typically includes restaurants, retail food establishments, caterers, cafeterias, stores, shops, sales outlets, grocery stores, delicatessens, itinerant restaurants and mobilefood vendors. C. “Foodservice ware” includes cup lids, straws, stirrers, forks, spoons, knives, napkins, trays, and otheritems primarily designed for use in consuming food. D. “Expanded Polystyrene” or “EPS” means a foammaterial made of blown polystyrene, and expanded and extrudedfoams (sometimes calledStyrofoam™) which are thermoplastic petrochemical materials utilizing a styrene monomer whichis often used to hold prepared food (pictured below). EPS is not recycled in San Luis Obispo County. 3 Journal of Integrated Coastal Zone Management, Volume11, Issue 11, Pages 65-73 (2011). Available at: http://www.cleanwateraction.org/files/publications/C%20Moore%20et%20al%202%20urban%20rivers.pdf 4 Composition and Distribution of Beach Debris in Orange County, California. Available at: http://www.cleanwateraction.org/files/publications/Beach%20Debris%20Orange%20County%20Study.pdf SS1 - 2 Attachment 1 PH1 - 10 Polystyrene Study Session Page 3 E. "Polystyrene" means a thermoplasticpetrochemical material utilizing styrene monomers. Polystyrene includes the foammaterial as well as clear, rigid polystyrene also called oriented polystyrene" (pictured below). Rigid polystyrene is recycled in San Luis Obispo County. F. “Prepared food” means any food, including beverages, which is served or prepared for consumption, including ready-to-eat and takeout food. POLICY REVIEW General Plan Policies The General Plan does not contain policies that explicitly address EPS. There are, however, three Conservation and Open Space Element (COSE) policies that address reuse and recycling of materials in and by the City. SS1 - 3 Attachment 1 PH1 - 11 Polystyrene Study Session Page 4 COSE Policy 5.5.2: The City will manage its operations to foster reuse and recycling for: A. Avoiding using inks, papers, and plasticsthat inhibit recycling or that produce pollutants in preparation for recycling. B. Purchasing products incorporating recycledmaterials.” COSE Policy 5.5.3: The City will coordinate local, and participate in regional, household and business waste-reduction and recycling efforts.” The Conservation and Open Space Element also contains a policy intended to expand public education regarding conservation and sustainability. COSE Policy 5.5.6: The City will expand its public education outreach efforts to raise public awareness of energy and material conservation goals, sustainable technology, benefits and incentives.” These policies recognizethe City’s responsibility for efficient use of materials and recycling while also acknowledging its role in encouraging residentsand business to do so as well. Climate Action Plan The San Luis Obispo Climate Action Plan identifies solid waste strategies to increase the community’s waste diversion rate, which is theamount of material diverted from the landfill to be recycled, composted or reused. These strategies help reduce the amount of greenhouse gas GHG) emissions associated with transport and organicdecomposition. A description of the Increase Waste Diversion (WST 1) strategy indicates: An ordinance that requires biodegradable food packaging in restaurants and other food vendors canreduce theamount of non-recyclable Styrofoam™ that is sent to the landfill. Successfulexamples in other California cities will be explored.” Implementation of this strategy includes several actions, one of which is WST 1.8 which calls for the City to: Evaluate the effectiveness of a FoodPackagingOrdinance that requires biodegradable containers.” Implementation of this action would accomplish the objective of the Climate Action Plan to reduce GHG emissions by decreasing thenumber of vehicle trips associated with solid waste disposal at Cold Canyon landfill. Storm Water Management Plan The City’s Storm Water ManagementPlan does not directly address EPS, but does have related elements that involvepublic education and outreach for reducing pollutants and increasing recycling of materials that may enter storm drains. In addition, there are specific strategies aimed at pollution prevention whichwould include materials such as EPS. SS1 - 4 Attachment 1 PH1 - 12 Polystyrene Study Session Page 5 In addition, The State Water Quality Control Board has proposed to adopt amendments to Statewide Water Quality Control Plans to control trash. These amendments are currently pending an adoption hearing by the State Board. Dependent on the outcome of that hearing and the final language of the amendmentsthere may be additional requirements for the City to take action to prevent trash from entering storm drains and waterways. San Luis Obispo CountyIntegrated Waste Management The San Luis Obispo County Integrated Waste Management Authority (IWMA) briefly discussed the policy issue of regulating EPS at their March 2014 Board Meeting. The outcome of that discussion was a determinationthat IWMA has no plans to consider regulating EPSat this time. ORDINANCES FROMOTHER AGENCIES A wide range of cities and counties with adoptedEPS ordinances were reviewed to study the scope of their regulations and methods for implementation and enforcement. Information on11 agencies is presented in this report. Those agencies were selected based on proximity, best practice ordinances or status as a benchmark city. Most cities and counties focuson the environmental concerns of EPS food containers as the basis for an ordinance including: EPS is a lightweight material that canbe blown out of wastereceptaclesand into storm drains and waterways. EPS breaks down into small pieces, which allow it to spread easily through aquatic environments and is mistaken as food by fish and wildlife. EPS, in its broken down form, is difficult and expensive to clean up. EPS is generally not economically feasible to be recycled. Most ordinanceshaveseveral key elements including: Language expressly prohibiting the use of EPS food and drink containers provided by food providers. Specific definitions thatexclude or include polystyrene food service ware items such as straws, lids for cups, and utensils from the scope of the ordinance. An “undue hardship” clause providing exemptions for cases wherealternativeswere either too costly or their container needs could not be met by alternatives. o 15% was often used as the threshold for determining an undue economic hardship. An exemption for packaging of uncooked food items such as raw fish andmeat. An exclusion of foods prepared or packaged outsidethe city and sold inside the city limits. Inclusion of an emergency clause for public health and safety or medical necessity. An implementation time frameafteradoption, usually ranging from 30 days to one year. SS1 - 5 Attachment 1 PH1 - 13 Polystyrene Study Session Page 6 Some cities and counties have additional elements which further specify the ordinance’s scope including: A section stating that all non-recyclable containers are to be prohibited in favor of recyclable, compostable, or biodegradable materials. The addition of other products made of EPS. This includesitems such as small coolers, pool toys, and packing “peanuts” for shipping. An “in lieu of fine” program, wherethe proof of purchase of acceptable products is accepted instead of a fine for the first offense. Other considerations addressed by individual agencies include: Capitola and Santa Cruz amended andexpanded initial ordinances to include a wider range of items including the retail sale of polystyrene products. Carpenteria has included that each foodprovider file a signed certification that they are aware of the ordinance and will comply with it. Thisis to bedoneat the beginning of each year. SS1 - 6 Attachment 1 PH1 - 14 CityofSanLuisObispo, CouncilAgendaReport, MeetingDate, ItemNumber EXPANDEDPOLYSTYRENE FOODCONTAINER AND PRODUCT REGULATIONS Page 7 The chart below compares the key elements of ordinances from the agenciesselected for research. City and Ordinance Adopted EPS Food and Drink Containers All Non- Sustainable Containers Straws, CupLids, and Utensils Other EPS Products coolers, peanuts") Affordability exclusion of 15% Purchase In lieu of fine program Enforcement Santa Cruz - Environmentally Acceptable Packaging and Products 2007/ 2012 X X X X X X Director of Public Works Santa Monica - Banning Non- recyclable PlasticDisposable Food Service Containers 2007 X X Environmentaland Public Works Director Capitola - EPS and Biodegradable and Compostable Food Service Ware 2009/ 2011 X X X X City Manager or designee Monterey - Environmentally Acceptable Food Packaging 2009 X X X X Deputy City Manager Carpenteria - Food Container Regulations 2008 X X City Manager or designee Ojai - Environmentally Acceptable Packaging and Products 2014 X X X X X X Code Enforcement Salinas - Environmentally Acceptable Food Packaging Ordinance 2011 X X X X X City Manager or designee Newport Beach - Use of Expanded Polystyrene Disposable Food Service Ware 2008 X City Manager or designee Cupertino - Polystyrene FoamDisposable Fo od Service Ware 2014 X City Manager or designee County of Monterey - Use of Polystyrene FoamFood Packaging by FoodProviders 2010 X X Director of Health County of Santa Clara - Expanded Polystyrene Food and Beverage Containers 2012 X X Agricultureand Environmental Director SS1 - 7 Attachment 1 PH1 - 15 CityofSanLuisObispo, CouncilAgendaReport, MeetingDate, ItemNumber EXPANDED POLYSTYRENEFOODCONTAINER AND PRODUCT REGULATIONS Page 8 ISSUES & IMPACTS Business Perspective Food-based businesses are typically the groupmost affected by EPSordinances. City staff worked with the Chamber of Commerce to contact several localfood-basedbusinesses to better understand their perspective on this issue. Initially, a small group of businesses were contacted directly to discuss the issues. Based on those conversations, a survey wasdeveloped that was sent to a largergroup of businesses in the City. In total, feedback was received by 20 local businesses. The businesses were grouped into threecategories for analysis. Group1: Businesses thatno longer use EPS food containers, but had in the past. Group2: Businesses that have not used EPS food containerssince the businessbegan. Group3: Businesses that currently use EPS food containers. Businesses in Group1 generallycitedowner/managementpreference as the main reason for switching away from EPS food containers. Also, those businesses saw an approximate15-60% increase in cost associated with switching to another product. Those businesses noted increased customer satisfaction as well as increased consumer prices as the main effects of switching. Group2 businesses chose not to use EPS food containers for a variety of reasons including owner/managementpreference, customerpreference and environmental and health concerns. Businesses in Group3 generally use EPS food containers because it is less expensivethan alternatives. Some businesses also indicated concerns with the performance of alternative containers. The concerns involve both the rigidityof the containers with hot foods orliquids and poor insulating properties. Concerns about an EPS ordinance from thesebusinesses included increased costs and additional regulationson private business. This outreach effort was intended to be illustrative and not exhaustive of the issues and concerns of the business community on this issue. If desired, additional, in-depthoutreach to the business community canbe included as a part of the City Council direction on this issue. Thesurvey and results are included as Attachment2. SS1 - 8 Attachment 1 PH1 - 16 Polystyrene Study Session Page 9 Cost Comparison In 2012, the City of San Jose completed a cost comparison of EPS products to alternatives as a part of a county-wide effort to regulate EPS. The results of that analysis are below: Material Cups Plates Clamshell Container EPS $0.035 $0.056 $0.09 Rigid Plastic $0.026 $0.083 $0.25 Paper $0.055 $0.02 $0.28 Molded NaturalFiber n/a $0.064 $0.22 Compostable Plastic $0.07 $0.15 $0.33 Alternatives to EPS cups ranged from 26% less expensive to 50% more expensive. The range for plateswas 35% less expensive to 63% more expensive for EPS alternatives. Alternatives to EPS clamshell containers ranged from 59% to 73% more expensive. Staff comparedtheresults of the City of San Jose analysis to some local prices and found generalconcurrence with the findings. Outcomes of Regulation Classification of litter canbe verytime intensive and expensive. As a result, there is relatively little data on theoutcomes of EPSordinances. There are, however, some observational studies that have documented results. Those include: The City of Santa Cruz observed a 50% decrease in EPS food and drink containers picked up during annual beach and river cleanupsbetween 2007-2012. One year afterimplementation of the City of San Franciscoordinance that prohibits EPS food and drink containers, the City’s litter audit showed a 36% decrease in EPS litter. POLICY TYPES As referenced in the research section, there are severalelements that may be included in ordinances regulating EPS. Tofacilitate discussion, staff has grouped those various elements into four policy types. Below is a graphic illustrating those policy types and the associatedscope of the regulations listed in order of increasing level of affectedproducts. SS1 - 9 Attachment 1 PH1 - 17 Polystyrene Study Session Page 10 Type 1: The first type of ordinance focuses only on food and drink carrying EPS containers. This would notinclude clear, rigid polystyrene containers. This would also notinclude any food serviceware items such as straws, cup lids, or utensils. Type 2: The second type of ordinance is a restriction on EPS food and drink containers as well as all other food containers that are non-recyclable, non- compostable or non-reusable. This would not include clear, rigid polystyrene containers as it recyclable in the County. This would also notinclude any food service ware items such as straws, cup lids, or utensils. Type 3: The nexttype of ordinance is one that prohibits EPS food and drink containers as well as all other food containers that are non-recyclable, non- compostable or non-reusable. In addition, this type of ordinance includes restrictions on straws, cup lids, utensils and other similar products. Type 4: The last type of ordinance includes all of the previously stated restrictions, but also prohibits the retail sale of any product that is made with EPS that is not wholly encapsulated or enclosed. This generally includes foam plates, cups, packing peanuts”, smaller foam ice coolers (those not clad in plastic), pool toys and other products that maynot be directly associated with food service. IMPLEMENTATION AND ENFORCEMENT The following implementation and enforcement strategies were common among cities and counties with EPS ordinances of all types: Type 1: EPS food and drink containers Type 2: EPS and non-sustainable food and drink containers Type 3: Above and non-sustainable food service ware Type 4: Above and retail sale of EPS containersand other non-enclosed products SS1 - 10 Attachment 1 PH1 - 18 Polystyrene Study Session Page 11 Several cities held initial stakeholder meetings and included current restaurant product suppliers andwaste haulers in addition to neighborhood associationsand food vendors. Clear definition of items covered by the ordinance isimportant for effective implementation. This allows for clarity to vendors affected andmakes enforcement easier. Gradual implementation of an ordinance, up to a year in length, increased effectiveness. This allows for outreach and a phase-in timeto providefood vendors and others timeto use up their existing stock of containers. Sending mailings to affected vendors to inform them of ordinance’s scopecanincrease compliance andreduce theamount of enforcement needed. In addition to thehearing process, these mailings were sent out between the passing of ordinance and its implementation, as well as at least one mailing after the implementation date. Workshops were held to inform affected businesses and included vendors of alternative products. This was helpful for educational purposes, but can also help establish relationships betweenthe affected businesses and thesuppliers of the needed replacements. In the case of the ordinance having multiple parts or categories, staggering the implementation has proved to be effective. In some cities, a purchasing co-op was created so that small businesses can take advantage of having access to bulk suppliers. Smaller local businesses often are more affected by the increased costs of alternative products, and this can help offset the overall cost. Different strategies for implementation, comprised of the above options, for the different types of ordinances can range from 40 to 1000 staff hours to complete. On-going enforcement is typically complaint based andcan account for 10% of the time for a full time employee for Type1 ordinances and 50% or more of the time for a full time employee for Type4 ordinances. SS1 - 11 Attachment 1 PH1 - 19 Polystyrene Study Session Page 12 FOCUS QUESTIONS FOR COUNCILDIRECTION In conclusion, staff has provided the following table with focusedquestions tofacilitate Council direction: Questions for Council Direction Yes No Pursue an ordinance regulating the use of EPS Include EPS food containers Include all non-recyclable, non-compostable, non-reusable food containers Include all non-recyclable, non-compostable, non-reusable food serviceware utensils, cup lids, straws, etc.) Include the retail sale of EPS products (coolers, packing “peanuts,” etc.) Include exception for undue hardship Include an “in lieu of fine” program The staff presentation on September 2, 2014, will include a similar decision matrix to help focus Council direction. FISCAL IMPACT It is estimated that the workto prepare an Ordinance using the traditional outreach and public engagement approach would be approximately 250 hours or $10,500 in staff and public outreach costs which can be absorbed through existing resources. Costs for implementation and on-going enforcement are dependent on City Councildirection and the scope of an adopted ordinance and may require additional resources. ALTERNATIVES 1. Continue the study session if more information is necessary in order to providedirection to staff onpreparing an EPS ordinance. 2. Bring an ordinanceback to the City Council as soon as possible and limit public outreach efforts. Thisis not recommended as the City’s public outreach efforts bring valuable input to the Ordinance preparation process andhave become an integral and expected component of any such effort. ATTACHMENTS 1. California Cities and Counties with Polystyrene Ordinances 2. Business Survey chstore6\team\council agenda reports\2014\2014-09-02\environmentally friendly food container (johnson-hermann)\polystyrene study session agenda report.docx SS1 - 12 Attachment 1 PH1 - 20 Attachment 1 California Cities and Counties with VariousPolystyrene Ordinances Alameda (2008) Albany (2008) Aliso Viejo (2005) Belmont (2012) Berkeley (1988) Burlingame (2011) Calabasas (2008) Capitola (2012) Carmel (1989) Carpenteria (2008) Cupertino (2014) Dana Point (2012) Del Ray Oaks (2010) El Cerrito (2014) Emeryville (2008) Fairfax (1993) Foster City (2012) Fremont (2011) Half Moon Bay (2011) Hayward (2011) Hercules (2008) Hermosa Beach (2012) Huntington Beach (2005) LagunaBeach (2008) Laguna Hills (2008) Laguna Woods (2004) Livermore (2010) Los Altos (2014) Los Altos Hills (2012) Los Angeles City (2008) Los Angeles County (2008) Malibu (2005) Manhattan Beach (2013) Marin County (2010) Marina (2011) Mendocino County (effective 2015) Menlo Park (2012) Millbrae (2008) Mill Valley (2009) Monterey City (2009) Monterey County (2010) MorganHill (2014) Mountain View (2014) Newport Beach (2008) Novato (2013) Oakland (2007) Ojai (2014) Orange County (2006) Pacific Grove (2008) Pacifica (2010) Palo Alto (2010) Pittsburg (1993) Portola Valley (2012) RedwoodCity (2013) Richmond (2014) Salinas (2011) San Bruno (2010) San Carlos (2012) San Clemente (2011) San Francisco (2007) San Jose (2014/2015) San Juan Capistrano (2004) San Leandro (2012) San Mateo City (2013) San Mateo County (2008/2011) San Rafael (2013) Santa Clara County (2013) Santa Cruz City (2012) Santa Cruz County (2012) Santa Monica (2007) Sausalito (2008) Scotts Valley (2009) Seaside (2010) Sonoma City (1989) Sonoma County (1989) South San Francisco (2008) Sunnyvale (2013) Ventura County (2004) Walnut Creek (2014) Watsonville (2009/2014) WestHollywood (1990) Yountville (1989) SS1 - 13 Attachment 1 PH1 - 21 Polystyrene Business Survey 1 11 38.46%5 61.54%8 Q1 Has your business ever used or does it currently use polystyrene or Styrofoam™ for food or drink containers? Answered:13 Skipped:0 Total 13 Yes No 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100% Answer Choices Responses Yes No Attachment 2 SS1 - 14 Attachment 1 PH1 - 22 Polystyrene Business Survey 2 11 60.00%3 40.00%2 Q2 Do you still use polystyrene or Styrofoam™for food ordrink containers? Answered:5Skipped:8 Total 5 Yes No 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100% Answer Choices Responses Yes No SS1 - 15 Attachment 1 PH1 - 23 Polystyrene Business Survey 3 11 50.00%1 50.00%1 0.00%0 0.00%0 Q3 What was your main reason for switchingto another product? Answered:2 Skipped:11 Total 2 Owner/managemen t preference Customer preference Environmental concerns Health concerns 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100% Answer Choices Responses Owner/management preference Customer preference Environmental concerns Health concerns SS1 - 16 Attachment 1 PH1 - 24 Polystyrene Business Survey 4 11 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 50.00%1 0.00%0 0.00%0 50.00%1 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 Q4 What was the approximate percentage increase in costs associated with switching? Answered:2 Skipped:11 Total 2 No increase 10%or less 10-20% 20-30% 30-40% 40-50% 50-60% 60-70% 70-80% 80-90% 90-100% More than 100% 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100% Answer Choices Responses No increase 10%or less 10-20% 20-30% 30-40% 40-50% 50-60% 60-70% 70-80% 80-90% 90-100% More than100% SS1 - 17 Attachment 1 PH1 - 25 Polystyrene Business Survey 1 1 Q5 Has the change hadany positive or negative effects on your business? Answered:2 Skipped:11 Responses Date 1 Pros cons Attractiveto environmental conscience customers but increased costs 8/17/2014 4:29 PM 2 raised prices 8/7/2014 4:41 PM SS1 - 18 Attachment 1 PH1 - 26 Polystyrene Business Survey 6 11 100.00%1 100.00%1 100.00%1 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 100.00%1 100.00%1 Q6 Please provide your contact information if you'd like to stay updated on the status of the City's research on this topic. Answered:1 Skipped:12 Answer Choices Responses Name: Company: Address: Address 2: City/Town: State: ZIP: Country: Email Address: PhoneNumber: SS1 - 19 Attachment 1 PH1 - 27 Polystyrene Business Survey 7 11 100.00%5 20.00%1 0.00%0 Q7 What are your main reasons for using polystyreneor Styrofoam™for food or drink containers? Answered:5Skipped:8 Total Respondents:5 Less expensive than... Alternative productsdo No interest in switching 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100% Answer Choices Responses Less expensive thanalternatives Alternativeproducts do not meetneeds No interest in switching SS1 - 20 Attachment 1 PH1 - 28 Polystyrene Business Survey 1 1 Q8 What concerns would you have should an ordinance be passed? Answered:3 Skipped:10 Responses Date 1 Taking away freedom of choice.8/17/2014 4:30 PM 2 Increased Costs 8/6/2014 8:19 PM 3 More regulations on privet business.8/1/2014 9:33 AM SS1 - 21 Attachment 1 PH1 - 29 Polystyrene Business Survey 9 11 100.00%1 100.00%1 100.00%1 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 100.00%1 100.00%1 Q9 Please provide your contact information if you'd like to stay updated on the status of the City's research on this topic. Answered:1 Skipped:12 Answer Choices Responses Name: Company: Address: Address 2: City/Town: State: ZIP: Country: Email Address: PhoneNumber: SS1 - 22 Attachment 1 PH1 - 30 Polystyrene Business Survey 10 11 81.82%9 36.36%4 36.36%4 9.09%1 Q10 Do you have any specific reasons for notusing polystyreneor Styrofoam(TM) food and drink containers? Answered:11 Skipped:2 Total Respondents:11 Owner/managemen t preference Customer preference Environmental concerns Health concerns 0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100% Answer Choices Responses Owner/management preference Customer preference Environmental concerns Health concerns SS1 - 23 Attachment 1 PH1 - 31 Polystyrene Business Survey 11 11 100.00%2 100.00%2 100.00%2 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 0.00%0 100.00%2 100.00%2 Q11 Thank you for taking the time to complete this survey.Please provide your contact information if you'd like to stay updated on the status of the City's research on this topic. Answered:2 Skipped:11 Answer Choices Responses Name: Company: Address: Address 2: City/Town: State: ZIP: Country: Email Address: PhoneNumber: SS1 - 24 Attachment 1 PH1 - 32 All Statements sorted chronologically As of May 18, 2015, 1:27 PM As with any public comment process, participation in Open City Hall is voluntary. The statements in this record are not necessarily representative of the whole population, nor do they reflect the opinions of any government agency or elected officials. All Statements sorted chronologically As of May 18, 2015, 1:27 PM http://www.peakdemocracy.com/2708 Expanded Polystyrene Food Containers and Products What do you think of the proposed ordinance to regulate the use of expanded polystyrene food containers and products? Attachment 2 PH1 - 33 As of May 18, 2015, 1:27 PM, this forum had: Attendees:62 All Statements:25 Hours of Public Comment:1.3 This topic started on April 30, 2015, 12:00 PM. All Statements sorted chronologically As of May 18, 2015, 1:27 PM http://www.peakdemocracy.com/2708 Page 2 of 7 Expanded Polystyrene Food Containers and Products What do you think of the proposed ordinance to regulate the use of expanded polystyrene food containers and products? Attachment 2 PH1 - 34 Name not available (unclaimed)May 13, 2015, 4:53 PM I think it's another opportunity for SLO to prove that we are moving towards a sustainable community. We have been a leader in so many environmental efforts. Let's add another to our list of accomplishments. Good substitutes exist and will contribute greatly to a cleaner community/planet. It's time and I am all for it! Jackie Crane, SLO Name not available (unclaimed)May 13, 2015, 3:43 PM Yes, get rid of these products for our children's future. Help our environment. Name not shown inside Neighborhood 6 (on forum)May 13, 2015, 3:16 PM I am all for this ordinance. There really is no reason anyone should be using these items when alternatives are available. We should all be doing what we can to keep our planet clean. Name not available (unclaimed)May 13, 2015, 3:14 PM This is long overdue. In a town where I can't get a plastic bag (good call), it feels stupid filling up my styrofoam cup with soda when I'm out for lunch. Name not available (unclaimed)May 13, 2015, 2:29 PM I'm Alex from chili peppers and I am against the foam ban. The decision wold hurt my business because I'm already paying so many taxes. Intstead of hurting businesses, why don't we promote businesses? The city should look for. A solution that works for both of us like allowing us to recycle the foam instead. Name not available (unclaimed)May 13, 2015, 2:27 PM I'm Alex from chili peppers and I am against the foam ban. The decision wold hurt my business because I'm already paying so many taxes. Intstead of hurting businesses, why don't we promote businesses? The city should look for. A solution that works for both of us like allowing us to recycle the foam instead. Name not available (unclaimed)May 7, 2015, 3:07 PM There's absolutely no reason why this shouldn't happen. It is not a sustainable product nor recyclable, and Expanded Polystyrene Food Containers and Products What do you think of the proposed ordinance to regulate the use of expanded polystyrene food containers and products? All Statements sorted chronologically As of May 18, 2015, 1:27 PM http://www.peakdemocracy.com/2708 Page 3 of 7 Attachment 2 PH1 - 35 there's plenty of alternatives. Businesses can retort there's an issue with costs, but I think customers would be happy to pay 5-10 cents more so they don't get their food in polystyrene. I will actually avoid taking out at restaurants if I know they use polystyrene. Chili Peppers actually warms up your food in polystyrene, so I have stopped going there. Banning these food containers is a positive step forward, and one that is in sync with what makes SLO, SLO! Name not available (unclaimed)May 7, 2015, 12:44 AM Thank you addressing this pollutant. 'Cheap' doesn't solve societal issues, good planning and foresight is our focus. Please support this new regulation. Name not shown outside Neighborhoods (on forum)May 6, 2015, 9:06 PM I support this ordinance. We all need to do more to cut down on trash that goes into the landfill, especially if it does not break down. Name not available (unclaimed)May 6, 2015, 5:07 PM I'm so glad this passed and that the regulations will reflect the Council approval of the strictest kind of ban. I just wish other cities in the County were on board, but we'll work on that after the regulations are passed. Name not shown inside Neighborhood 5 (on forum)May 6, 2015, 2:09 PM I believe this is a good idea the City should adopt to work in conjunction with the plastic bag ban as we all become more "green". However, I would suggest that for every new regulation passed, another regulation that is deemed to be ineffective, unnecessary, or cost/time prohibitive be removed from the books. The genius of this strategy is that it will eliminate the worst regulations, even if only to create new ones. It would diminish and/or stop the increase in regulation and that would be a huge step in the right direction. Name not available (unclaimed)May 6, 2015, 1:33 PM This is a no-brainer. Now how to get the entire county on board. I bring my own container when eating out so if I have left overs I do not need to ask for a container. Please educate the county on this. Barry Rands inside Neighborhood 12 (on forum)May 6, 2015, 10:40 AM Expanded Polystyrene Food Containers and Products What do you think of the proposed ordinance to regulate the use of expanded polystyrene food containers and products? All Statements sorted chronologically As of May 18, 2015, 1:27 PM http://www.peakdemocracy.com/2708 Page 4 of 7 Attachment 2 PH1 - 36 I am all for it. I try to avoid styrofoam products as much as possible, knowing that much of this horrible stuff ends up in our creeks and oceans. And even if it is disposed of properly, it ends up in landfill, because it is not recyclable. Bravo to the City Council for having the foresight to get this ban implemented! Janine Rands inside Neighborhood 12 (on forum)May 6, 2015, 10:11 AM I'm thrilled that our SLO CIty Council has fully endorsed the ban of Styrofoam! Being a coastal city, we should not be contributing to the trash that feeds into our creeks, river and ultimately the Ocean. I have spoken to many restaurants and people who serve/eat out of Styrofoam, and most are totally unaware why Styrofoam is bad to eat out of: one of the components - Styrene, a known carcinogen, leaks into the food, particularly when it is hot, acidic or oily. Along with the birds and wildlife, we too are being poisoned! Janine Kennel Rands SLO FOAM FREE Chair Name not available (unclaimed)May 6, 2015, 9:36 AM I'm thrilled we are finally going to potentially ban polystyrene containers! There are alternatives that are sustainable, affordable, protect the environment, and ultimately our health. If any thing I would say we are behind the curve, many cities have banned the use of polystyrene with little or no impact on commerce. This is a no brainer. Name not available (unclaimed)May 6, 2015, 9:19 AM I am all for this sort of ordinance. Please take this action - it is environmentally responsible. Name not available (unclaimed)May 6, 2015, 9:17 AM No to Styrofoam! There are many better options: foil, cornstarch, even recyclable plastics are better than that toxic stuff. Come on, SLO county - we can do better! Name not available (unclaimed)May 6, 2015, 8:50 AM I am all for the banning of polystyrene food containers in San Luis Obispo and believe it is in line with the ideals of helping the local environment, and the health and well being of the citizens as a whole. Mary Wood inside Neighborhood 10 (on forum)May 6, 2015, 8:32 AM Expanded Polystyrene Food Containers and Products What do you think of the proposed ordinance to regulate the use of expanded polystyrene food containers and products? All Statements sorted chronologically As of May 18, 2015, 1:27 PM http://www.peakdemocracy.com/2708 Page 5 of 7 Attachment 2 PH1 - 37 I am all for it. Thank you for taking this action. Name not shown inside Neighborhood 11 (on forum)May 6, 2015, 7:57 AM I think this is a wonderful idea. We shouldn't be using materials that are non recyclable, and can damage our environment further. Jennifer randall outside Neighborhoods (on forum)May 6, 2015, 7:34 AM This seems like a no brainer. There are alternative containers and products to use instead of something that is clearly a polluting substance and not recyclable in this area! I would gladly pay 10 cents more for a sustainable container, something recyclable when one is needed. Just like bags. These are important forward steps in a better community and healthier earth and population. I always refuse styrofoam wherever I go. If that's all a restaurant has, I usually go somewhere else or bring my own container. Styrofoam is bad! Nancy Terrell outside Neighborhoods (on forum)May 6, 2015, 7:31 AM I absolutely agree with this proposal. It is a travesty to see all that styrofoam go in the trash. I actually think this does not take it far enough, by allowing some companies to continue to use it. It should be gone altogether. Unless we were able to start recycling it here. I know that is possible elsewhere, but not here for some reason. My company switched many years ago and the cost increase was minimal. I think it actually encourages customers we would not have had otherwise. I personally don't like take out from places that currently use styrofoam. I think they are just uninformed and wouldn't mind switching if they knew the harm they were doing. Name not available (unclaimed)May 6, 2015, 6:32 AM I welcome the switch to products that replace the use or expanded polystyrene and am glad that our city is looking into implementing an ordinance to require it. Name not available (unclaimed)May 6, 2015, 6:17 AM I am all for a ban on polystyrene. Many other communities have one so. This product is bad for people and bad for our environment. It is also ugly and does not add to the experience of eating here in San Luis Obispo. Having all restaurants be held to the same standard would make it more fair for all. Thank you for considering this regulation. Name not shown inside Neighborhood 5 (on forum)May 5, 2015, 4:57 PM Expanded Polystyrene Food Containers and Products What do you think of the proposed ordinance to regulate the use of expanded polystyrene food containers and products? All Statements sorted chronologically As of May 18, 2015, 1:27 PM http://www.peakdemocracy.com/2708 Page 6 of 7 Attachment 2 PH1 - 38 Why not do this? There are a number of alternatives available and many businesses have already made the switch. Protection of creeks and open spaces as well as environmental sustainability are core values for our community and I'm glad to see policies come forward that support that. I'm fully in favor of this ordinance. Expanded Polystyrene Food Containers and Products What do you think of the proposed ordinance to regulate the use of expanded polystyrene food containers and products? All Statements sorted chronologically As of May 18, 2015, 1:27 PM http://www.peakdemocracy.com/2708 Page 7 of 7 Attachment 2 PH1 - 39 THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK PH1 - 40 Attachment 3 ORDINANCE NO. #### (2015 Series) AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF SAN LUIS OBISPO ADDING CHAPTER 8.06 TO THE SAN LUIS OBISPO MUNICIPAL CODE REGULATING EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE FOOD CONTAINERS AND PRODUCTS WHEREAS, The City of San Luis Obispo (“City”) has the police power to protect the health, safety and welfare of the community, including the ability to protect and enhance the natural environment; and WHEREAS, according to the California Department of Transportation, EPS comprises approximately 15% of storm drain litter. A study published in 2011 found that 71% of all the plastic flowing through the Los Angeles and San Gabriel Rivers is foam. It is the second most common form of beach debris in California, according to a study conducted in Orange County. Also, several studies approximate that plastic products, including expanded polystyrene, make up 80-90% of floating marine debris; and WHEREAS, the City is situated entirely within the 84 square mile San Luis Obispo Creek Watershed. The City’s watershed and creek system are important natural resources as exemplified in various policies of the City’s General Plan. As part of the City’s natural resource program, the City performs regular creek clean-ups. During these clean-ups, the City finds and discards a significant amount of expanded polystyrene products such as clamshell containers, cups and plates. These products break apart into small pieces and ultimately flow to the Pacific Ocean contributing to concerns related to water quality and habitat protection both within the creek system as well as the marine environment; and WHEREAS, items made from expanded polystyrene are not biodegradable, compostable, or recyclable locally. Expanded polystyrene breaks into small pieces and because it is lightweight, may be picked up by the wind even when it has been disposed of properly; and WHEREAS, expanded polystyrene as litter is highly durable. Expanded polystyrene litter is present in City parks and public places, streets and roads, waterways and storm drains which may ultimately float, or be blown, into the Pacific Ocean; and WHEREAS, marine animals and birds often confuse expanded polystyrene with pieces of food, and when ingested, it can impact their digestive tracts, often leading to death; and WHEREAS, expanded polystyrene is manufactured from petroleum, a non-renewable resource; and WHEREAS, expanded polystyrene is not recycled at the Cold Canyon Landfill and there are no current plans to recycle it; WHEREAS, take-out food packaging that is biodegradable, compostable, and recyclable is the most responsible and sustainable choice for the City’s tourist economy, its citizenry and its PH1 - 41 Attachment 3 environment. When products are recycled, natural resources are spared, less energy is used for the production of new products, and landfill space is preserved; and WHEREAS, regulating the use of expanded polystyrene products will maximize the operating life of landfills; and WHEREAS, regulating the use of expanded polystyrene products within the City will help protect the City’s natural environment from contamination and degradation; and WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of San Luis Obispo conducted a study session in the Council Chamber of City Hall, 990 Palm Street, San Luis Obispo, California, on September 2, 2014, and directed staff to develop an ordinance to prohibit the use of expanded polystyrene food or drink containers and the retail sale of non-encased expanded polystyrene products; and WHEREAS, the City Council of the City of San Luis Obispo conducted a public hearing in the Council Chamber of City Hall, 990 Palm Street, San Luis Obispo, California, on June 2, 2015, for the purpose of considering the addition of Chapter 8.06 to the Municipal Code to prohibit the use of expanded polystyrene food or drink containers and the retail sale of non- encased expanded polystyrene products; and BE IT ORDAINED by the Council of the City of San Luis Obispo as follows: SECTION 1. Recitals. The above recitals are true and correct and incorporated herein by this reference as the findings of the City Council. SECTION 2. Environmental Determination. The proposed ordinance is exempt from the environmental review requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) pursuant to Section 15061(b)(3) of Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations because it can be seen with certainty that there is no possibility that the activity in question may have a significant effect on the environment. Further, the proposed Ordinance is exempt from CEQA on the separate and independent ground that it is an action of a regulatory agency (the City) for the protection of the environment because, among other things, it will regulate the use and sale of expanded polystyrene products and reduce the amount of expanded polystyrene products that enter local landfill and waterways. Thus, this Ordinance is categorically exempt from the requirements of CEQA under Section 15308 of Title 14 of the California Code of Regulations as an action by a regulatory agency for the protection of the environment. SECTION 3. Action. Chapter 8.06, establishing regulations to prohibit the use of expanded polystyrene food or drink containers and the retail sale of non-encased expanded polystyrene products, is hereby added to the San Luis Obispo Municipal Code as follows: PH1 - 42 Attachment 3 Chapter 8.06 – EXPANDED POLYSTYRENE 8.06.010 - Definitions. The following words and phrases, whenever used in this chapter, shall have the meanings defined in this section unless the context clearly requires otherwise: A. “Affordable" means that a biodegradable, compostable or recyclable product may cost up to 15 percent more than the purchase cost of comparable EPS alternatives. B. “ASTM Standard” means meeting the standards of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International Standards D6400 or D6868 for biodegradable and compostable plastics, as those standards may be amended. C. “Biodegradable” means Compostable (separately defined) or the ability of organic matter to break down from a complex to a more simple form through the action of bacteria or to undergo this process. D. “City Facility” means any building, structure or vehicle owned and operated by the City of San Luis Obispo, its agents, agencies, and departments. E. “City Contractor" means any person or entity that enters into an agreement with the City to furnish products or services to or for the City. F. “Compostable” means all the materials in the product or package will break down, or otherwise become part of, usable compost (e.g. soil-conditioning material, mulch). Compostable disposable food containers must meet ASTM Standards for compostable materials. G. “Disposable Food Container" is interchangeable with “to go” packaging and “food packaging material” and means all containers that are used to hold Prepared Food or drinks. Disposable Food Containers include clamshells, bowls, plates, trays, cartons, and cups that are intended for single use, including without limitation, food containers for takeout foods and/or leftovers from partially consumed meals prepared by Food Providers. This does not include single-use disposable items such as straws, cup lids, or utensils, nor does it include single-use disposable packaging for unprepared foods. H. “Events Promoter” means an applicant for any event permit issued by the City or any City employee(s) responsible for any City-organized event. I. “Expanded Polystyren e” or EPS means blown expanded and extruded polystyrene or other plastic foams which are processed by any number of techniques including, but not limited to, fusion of monomer spheres (expanded bead plastic), injection molding, foam molding, and extrusion-blown molding (extruded foam plastic). Expanded polystyrene and other plastic foam is generally used to make cups, bowls, plates, trays, clamshell containers, meat trays, ice chests, shipping boxes and packing peanuts. PH1 - 43 Attachment 3 J. “Expanded Polystyrene Products” means any item such as coolers, ice chests, cups, bowls, plates, clamshells containers, shipping boxes, or any other merchandise made from expanded polystyrene that is not wholly encapsulated or encased by a more durable material. K. “Food Provider” Means any establishment located within the City, that is a retailer of Prepared Food or beverages for public consumption including, but not limited to any store, supermarket, delicatessen, restaurant, shop, caterer or mobile food vendor. L. “Person” means an individual, business, Event Promoter, trust, firm, joint stock company, corporation, non-profit, including a government corporation, partnership, or association. M. “Prepared Food” means food or beverages, which are served, packaged, cooked, chopped, sliced, mixed, brewed, frozen, squeezed or otherwise prepared within the City. Prepared Food does not include raw, butchered meats, fish and/or poultry sold from a butcher case or similar food establishment. N. “Recyclable” means any material that is specified in the franchise agreement with the City’s solid waste removal provider including, but not limited to aluminum, tin and bi-metal cans, clear and colored glass containers, High Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET), clear or rigid polystyrene, corrugated cardboard and mixed paper. O. “Vendor” means any store or business which sells or offers goods or merchandise, located or operating within the City of San Luis Obispo, including those referenced in and “Food Provider.” 8.06.020 – Expanded Polystyrene Disposable Food Containers Prohibited. A. Food Providers within the City of San Luis Obispo may not provide Prepared Food in or provide separately any Disposable Food Container made from Expanded Polystyrene , except as exempted in Section 8.06.050. B. Disposable Food Containers made from Expanded Polystyrene are prohibited from use in all City Facilities. C. City Contractors in the performance of City contracts and Events Promoters may not provide Prepared Food in Disposable Food Containers made from Expanded Polystyrene. 8.06.030 - Required Biodegradable, Compostable, or Recyclable Disposable Food Containers. A. All Food Providers within the City utilizing Disposable Food Containers shall use Biodegradable, Compostable or Recyclable products. B. All City Facilities utilizing Disposable Food Containers shall use Biodegradable, Compostable or Recyclable products. C. City Contractors and Events Promoters utilizing Disposable Food Containers shall use Biodegradable, Compostable, or Recyclable products while performing under a City contract or permit. PH1 - 44 Attachment 3 8.06.040 - Prohibited Sales. No Vendor or Events Promoter in the City may sell or otherwise provide any Expanded Polystyrene Product which is not wholly encapsulated or encased within a more durable material, except as exempted in Section 8.06.050. This specifically includes, but is not limited to, cups, plates, bowls, trays, clamshells and other products intended primarily for food service use, as well as coolers, containers, ice chests, shipping boxes, packing peanuts, or other packaging materials. 8.06.050 – Exemptions. A. The City Manager or designee, may exempt a Food Provider from the requirements set forth in section 8.06.020(A) of this ordinance for a one-year period upon the Food Provider showing, in writing, that this ordinance would create an undue hardship or practical difficulty as evidenced by no alternatives being available or such alternatives are not Affordable. The City Manager or designee shall put the decision to grant or deny a one-year exemption in writing, and the decision shall be final. B. Exemptions to allow for the sale or provision of Expanded Polystyrene Products may be granted by the City Manager or designee, if the vendor can demonstrate in writing a public health and safety requirement or medical necessity to use the product. The City Manager or designee shall put the decision to grant or deny the exemption in writing and the decision shall be final. C. An exemption application shall include all information necessary for the City Manager or designee to make a decision, including but not limited to documentation showing factual support for the claimed exemption. The City Manager or designee may require the applicant to provide additional information. D. The City Manager or designee may approve the exemption application in whole or in part, with or without conditions. E. Foods prepared or packaged outside the City and sold inside the City are exempt from the provisions of this chapter. F. Raw meat, fish and other raw food trays are exempt from the provisions of this chapter. G. Products made from Expanded Polystyrene which are wholly encapsulated or encased by a more durable material are exempt from the provisions of this chapter. Examples include surfboards, life preservers, and craft supplies which are wholly encapsulated or encased by a more durable material, and coolers encased in hard plastic. H. Construction products made from Expanded Polystyrene are exempted from this ordinance if the products are used in compliance with San Luis Obispo Municipal Code Title 15 Buildings and Construction and Chapter 12.08 Urban Storm Water Quality Management and PH1 - 45 Attachment 3 Discharge Control and used in a manner preventing the Expanded Polystyrene from being released into the environment. I. In a situation deemed by the City Manager to be an emergency for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety, City Facilities, Food Providers, City Contractors and Vendors doing business with the City shall be exempt from the provisions of this chapter. J. Expanded Polystyrene packaging products which have been received from sources outside the City may be reused to be kept out of the waste stream. 8.06.060 Violations. A. Any violation of the provisions of this chapter by any person is subject to administrative fines as provided in Chapter 1.24 of this code, which may be appealed pursuant to the procedures in that Chapter 1.24. B. For the first violation, the City Manager or designee may allow the violating Food Provider, in lieu of payment of the administrative fine, to submit receipts demonstrating the purchase after the citation date, of Biodegradable, Compostable, or Recyclable products in an amount equal to the amount of the citation. C. Food Providers or Vendors who violate this chapter in connection with City permitted special events shall be assessed fines as follows: 1. A fine not to exceed $200 for an event of 1 to 200 Persons 2. A fine not to exceed $400 for an event of 201 to 400 Persons 3. A fine not to exceed $600 for an event of 401 to 600 Persons 4. A fine not to exceed $1,000 for an event of 600 or more Persons B. In addition to other remedies provided by this chapter or by other law, any violation of this chapter may be remedied by a civil action brought by the city attorney, including but not limited to administrative or judicial nuisance abatement proceedings, civil or criminal code enforcement proceedings, and suits for injunctive relief. The remedies provided by this chapter are cumulative and in addition to any other remedies available at law or in equity. SECTION 4. Severability. If any subdivision, paragraph, sentence, clause, or phrase of this ordinance is, for any reason, held to be invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect the validity or enforcement of the remaining portions of this ordinance, or any other provisions of the city’s rules and regulations. It is the city’s express intent that each remaining portion would have been adopted irrespective of the fact that any one or more subdivisions, paragraphs, sentences, clauses, or phrases be declared invalid or unenforceable. SECTION 5. Effective Dates. A summary of this ordinance, together with the names of Council members voting for and against, shall be published at least five (5) days prior to its final passage, in The Tribune, a newspaper published and circulated in this City. This ordinance shall go into effect at the expiration of six (6) months after its final passage. A copy of the full text of this PH1 - 46 Attachment 3 ordinance shall be on file in the Office of the City Clerk on and after the date following introduction and passage to print and shall be available to any member of the public. INTRODUCED on the _____ day of _____________ 2015, AND FINALLY ADOPTED by the Council of the City of San Luis Obispo on the _____ day of ____________ 2015, on the following roll call vote: AYES: NOES: ABSENT: Mayor Jan Marx ATTEST: Anthony J. Mejia City Clerk APPROVED AS TO FORM: J. Christine Dietrick City Attorney PH1 - 47 THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK PH1 - 48 THENewspaper of the Central Coast MBUNE I MAY 2 6 2015 � I O CIfr �'r is Ci d I I 3825 South Higuera • Post Office Box 112 • San Luis Obispo, California 93406 -0112 • (805) 781 -7800 In The Superior Court of The State of California In and for the County of San Luis Obispo AFFIDAVIT OF PUBLICATION AD # 1746440 CITY OF SAN LUIS OBISPO OFFICE OF THE CITY CLERK STATE OF CALIFORNIA ss. County of San Luis Obispo I am a citizen of the United States and a resident of the County aforesaid; I am over the age of eighteen and not interested in the above entitled matter; I am now, and at all times embraced in the publication herein mentioned was, the principal clerk of the printers and publishers of THE TRIBUNE, a newspaper of general Circulation, printed and published daily at the City of San Luis Obispo in the above named county and state; that notice at which the annexed clippings is a true copy, was published in the above -named newspaper and not in any supplement thereof — on the following dates to wit; MAY 22, 2015 that said newspaper was duly and regularly ascertained and established a newspaper of general circulation by Decree entered in the Superior Court of San Luis Obispo County, State of California, on June 9, 1952, Case #19139 under the Government Code of the State of California. I certify (or declare) under the penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct. (Signatu of Principal Clerk) DATED: MAY 22, 2015 AD COST: $145.20 0WRLMOSisPo SAN LUIS OBISPO CITY COUNCIL NOTICE OF PUBLIC HEARING ,The San Luis Obispo City Council invites ail interested persons to attend a public hearing on Tuesday, June 2, 2015, at 4:00 p.m. In the City Hall Council Cham- ber, 990 Palm Street, San Luis Obispo, Callfornla, relative to the following: CONSIDERATION OF AN ORDINANCE REGULATit JG Ei[PANDED POLYSTYR .... _...-. -- STY ENE FOOD CONTAINERS AND PROD- UCTS A public hearing to consider adoption of ah ordinance adding Chapter 8.06 to the San Luis Obispo Municipal Code prohibiting the use of expanded polystyrene food and drink containers and the retail sale of non - encased expanded polystyrene products, For more information, you are invited to contact Greg Hermann of the City's Corn - munity Development Department at (805) 781 -7194 or by email at gh,®rmanrlgslaekty -prg_ The City Council may also discuss other hearings or business items before or after the Items listed above. If you challenge the proposed projects In court, you may be lim- ited to raising only those issues you or someone else raised at the public hearing descrtbad in this notice, or in written corre- spartdence delivered to the City Council at, or prior to, the public hearings. Reports for this meeting will be available for review in the City Clark's Office and on- llne at www.Stoctly qrg on Wednesday, May 27, 2015. Please call the City Clerk's Office at (805) 781 -7100 for more informa- tion. The City Council meeting will be tele- vised live ord Charter Cable Channel 20 and live streaming on www.slocitv.orci. Anthony J. Mejia City Clerk City of San Luis Obispo May 22, 2015 1746440 Expanded Polystyrene Food Containers and Products City Council – June 2nd, 2015 1 Recommendation Introduce an Ordinance adding Chapter 8.06 to the Municipal Code prohibiting the use of expanded polystyrene food or drink containers and the retail sale of non-encased expanded polystyrene products. 2 Background March 2014 - City Council direction to explore regulations for expanded polystyrene General Plan, Climate Action Plan, storm water regulations September 2014 - City Council Study Session Policy review Approaches from other agencies Ordinance options 3 Council Direction Develop a city-wide ordinance to regulate the use of EPS products including: All food and drink containers The retail sale of other non-encased EPS products Exemptions for undue hardship 4 Polystyrene Expanded Polystyrene Not recycled Clear/rigid Polystyrene Recycled 5 Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) Lightweight material Breaks down into small pieces Difficult and expensive to clean up Persists in the environment 6 7 8 Business Impacts 9 Material Cups Plates Clamshell Container EPS $0.035 $0.056 $0.09 Rigid Plastic $0.026 $0.083 $0.25 Paper $0.055 $0.02 $0.28 Molded Natural Fiber n/a $0.064 $0.22 Compostable Plastic $0.07 $0.15 $0.33 Alternative Food Ware Packaging Report, City of San Jose, 2012 Environmental Benefits Santa Cruz documented a 50% decrease in EPS food and drink containers picked up during annual beach and river cleanups between 2007-2012. San Francisco’s litter audit showed a 36% decrease in EPS litter one year after the implementation of their ordinance. 10 Community Outreach Foam Free SLO (7/29/14, 2/25/15, 4/25/15) Surfrider Foundation Sierra Club Business Survey (8/2014) Business Forum with the Chamber of Commerce (4/2/2015) Chamber of Commerce Issues Evaluation Committee (4/9/2015) Notification to food providers (5/1/2015) Open City Hall (5/4-15/15) Individual meetings and phone calls Key Elements EPS food and drink containers Prohibits retail food providers within the City from providing food or drink in containers made from EPS Includes City facilities and permitted special events Use sustainable alternatives (biodegradable, compostable or recyclable) Key Elements Retail sale of EPS Prohibits the retail sale of EPS products which are not wholly encapsulated or encased within a more durable material Key Elements Exemptions – Food Providers Business may be exempted for undue hardship if: Alternatives are not available Alternatives are not affordable 15% more than an EPS product Meat and fish trays Foods prepared or packaged outside of the City Key Elements Exemptions – Retail Sales Products containing EPS which are wholly encased within a more durable material Construction materials Public health and safety concerns or for medical necessity Reused packing materials Implementation & Enforcement Implementation The ordinance will take effect six months after final adoption Warnings will take place for an additional six months Informational webpage and brochure Enforcement Complaint-based Follow administrative violation process First violation: warning, 30 days to resolve Second violation: fine not exceeding $100 Option of $100 purchase of acceptable product Recommendation Introduce an Ordinance adding Chapter 8.06 to the Municipal Code prohibiting the use of expanded polystyrene food or drink containers and the retail sale of non-encased expanded polystyrene products. 17 Expanded Polystyrene Food Containers and Products City Council – June 2nd, 2015 18 Acceptable Alternatives Recyclable Plastics #1-7 Cardboard Paper (coated or non-coated) Aluminum foil Compostable/biodegradable Products that meet ASTM Standards THENewspaper of the Central Coast �UNE JUN! rp(116 SLO CT Y CA_CRK 3825 South Higuera • Post Office Box 112 • San Luis Obispo, California 93406-0112 • (805) 781 -7800 In The Superior Court of The State of Cal ifornia In and for the County of San Luis Obispo AFFIDAVIT OF PUBLICATION AD # 1779013 CITY OF SAN LUIS OBISPO OFFICE OF THE CITY CLERK STATE OF CALIFORNIA County of San Luis Obispo 10, CMOF &MLIMSOBIM ORDINANCE NO. 1617 (2015 Series) AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SAN LUIS OBISPO. CALIFORNIA, ADDING CHAPTER 8.06 TO THE SAN LUIS OBISPO MUNICIPAL ss. REGULATING EXPANDED POLYSTYR- ENE FOOD CONTAINERS AND PROD- UCTS I am a citizen of the United States and a resident of the County aforesaid; I am over the age of eighteen and not interested in the above entitled matter; I am now, and at all times embraced in the publication herein mentioned was, the principal clerk of the printers and publishers of THE TRIBUNE, a newspaper of general Circulation, printed and published daily at the City of San Luis Obispo in the above named county and state; that notice at which the annexed clippings is a true copy, was published in the above -named newspaper and not in any supplement thereof — on the following dates to wit; JUNE 10, 2015 that said newspaper was duly and regularly ascertained and established a newspaper of general circulation by Decree entered in the Superior Court of San Luis Obispo County, State of California, on June 9; 1952, Case #19139 under the Government Code of the State of California. I certify (or declare) under the penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true Qand correct. (SignatUIVOf Principal Clerk) DATED: JUNE 10, 2015 AD COST: $149.60 NOTICE IS HEREBY GIVEN that the City Council of the City of San Luis Obispo, Call - lomla, at Its Regular Meeting of June 2, 2016, introduced the above titled ordinance upon a motion. by CounclI Member Christi- anson, second by Vice Mayor Ashbau9b, and on the following roll call vote, AYES: Council Member Carpenter, Christi- anson, Rlvoire, Vice Mayor Ashbaugh, and Mayor Marx NOES: None Drdlnsnrp_- No,_1_51,7 (2015 Series) - This. is a C1ty Ordinance to add Chapter 8.06 to the Municipal Code to prohibit the use of expanded polystyrene food or drink contain- ers and the retail safe of non - encased ex- panded polystyrene products. This Ordi- nance also includes exemptions for the re- tall sale of certain expanded polystyrene products and an undue hardship exemp- tion for food providers. A full and complete copy of the afommen- Iloned Ordinance is available for inspection and copy in the City Clerk's Office, located at 990 Palm Street, San Luis Obispo, CaN- fomia, or you may call (805) 781 -7100 for more information. NOTICE IS HEREBY FURTHER GIVEN that the City Council of the City of San Luis Obispo will consider adopting the aforemen- tioned Ordinance at its Regular Meeting of June 16, 2015 at 6'00 p.m., which will be held in the Council Chamber, located at g90 Palm Street, San Luls Obispo, Califor- nia. Anthony J. Melia City Clerk Jurne 10, 2015 1779013