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05-25-2016 PC Item 01 - Water and Wastewater Management Element Amendment and 2015 Urban Water Management Plan
PC1-1 Meeting Date: May 25, 2016 Item Number: 1 PLANNING COMMISSION AGENDA REPORT SUBJECT: Review and provide recommendations on amendments to the General Plan, Chapter 8, Water and Wastewater Management Element and the 2015 Urban Water Management Plan. PROJECT ADDRESS: Citywide BY: Jennifer Metz, Utilities Projects Manager Phone Number: 781-7239 e-mail: jmetz@slocity.org FILE NUMBER: GENP-3215-2016 FROM: Aaron Floyd, Deputy Director, Water RECOMMENDATION: Recommend the City Council take the following actions: (1) Approve policy and text amendments to the General Plan, Chapter 8, Water and Wastewater Management Element; and (2) Approve the 2015 Urban Water Management Plan. 1.0 BACKGROUND A Study Session was held with the Planning Commission on April 27, 2016 to provide input on the 2015 Urban Water Management Plan and proposed policy amendment s to the Water and Wastewater Management Element. 2.0 COMMISSION’S PURVIEW The Planning Commission is responsible for reviewing proposed changes to the General Plan and for making recommendations to the City Council under Government Code section §65353. 3.0 WATER AND WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT ELEMENT REVIEW The City’s General Plan includes a Water and Wastewater Management Element (WWME) because of the vital role of these resources and the far-reaching impacts of water policies on community growth and character. Goals from the WWME include ensuring a long-term, reliable water supply to meet both current and future water demand associated with development envisioned by the General Plan and managing the City’s water resources to meet the current and future water demand requirements associated with development envisioned by the General Plan. The WWME was last updated in 2010. The WWME provided in Attachment 1 is in legislative draft format to best illustrate proposed additions and deletions to existing policies and background information. The amendment is proposed for consistency with the proposed 2015 Urban Water Management Plan and to update out of date information. Descriptions under the headings below summarize the proposed changes. The table of contents, figures, and tables will be updated and all references will be corrected in the final version. The Commission should review the legislative draft document and be prepared for discussion of those areas to which Commissioners wish to make adjustments for Council consideration. GENP-3215-2016 Water & Wastewater Element Amendments & 2015 UWMP Page 2 PC1-2 3.1 Water Management Multi-Source Water Supply and Water Resource Availability In March 2016, the City Council elected to participate in the full allocation of San Luis Obispo County’s water supply from Nacimiento Reservoir. The City participated with Nacimiento Water Project partners increasing the City’s contractual supply from Nacimiento Reservoir to 5,482 acre feet per year (afy). The additional 2,102 afy was added to the City’s secondary water supply and will be used to meet short-term losses to the City’s water supply due to events such as drought, pipeline maintenance, and repair of infrastructure. This increases the City’s overall water resource availability to 12,109 acre feet annually as shown in WWME Table 1. The table was also updated to include recycled water delivered in 2015. Water Resource Existing 2010 Annual Availability Proposed 2016 Annual Availability Salinas Reservoir (Santa Margarita Lake) and Whale Rock Reservoir 6,940 AF Safe Annual Yield 6,940 AF Safe Annual Yield Nacimiento Reservoir 3,380 AF Contractual Allotment 5,482 AF Contractual Allotment Recycled Water 130 AF 2010 Annual Usage 187 AF 2015 Annual Usage Siltation to 2060 (500 AF) Policy A 4.2.2 (500 AF) Policy A 4.2.2 TOTAL 9,950 AF 12,109 AF As shown in the proposed update of WWME Table 2, The average daily and monthly influent flows to the City’s Water Resource Recovery Facility have decreased since the 2010 WWME which reported the average flow as 4.596 mgd (a 2009 figure) to 2.74 mgd in 2015 reducing annual recycled water availability. Consistent with the multi-source concept, the City obtains water from five sources, including groundwater. The City stopped utilizing the Pacific Beach well in April 2015 due to new regulatory requirements. While the City does not currently utilize potable water from wells, this remains a viable option for future use and proposes the following policy language: A 3.2.3 Groundwater Due to limitations for the use of the groundwater resources, the The City will continue to use groundwater for domestic purposes when available., but will not consider this source of supply as part of its water resource availability. Siltation The City completed a bathymetric and volumetric study at Whale Rock Reservoir in 2013. The purpose of the study was to determine the level of siltation that has occurred in the reservoir since the dam’s completion in 1961. The study concluded that sedimentation has reduced reservoir capacity by 4.2 percent in 52 years. As the Safe Annual Yield accounts for past siltation losses and was updated based on the 2013 bathymetric study at Whale Rock, Staff recommends deleting policy A 4.2 on Accounting for Past Siltation which states: GENP-3215-2016 Water & Wastewater Element Amendments & 2015 UWMP Page 3 PC1-3 The City shall account for siltation losses that have occurred to date (2010) in the safe annual yield from Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs. Future siltation would continue to be accounted for per Policy A 4.2.2. The proposed policy language is as follows: The City will account for estimated safe annual yield losses at Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs through for the next 50 years (2060) by deducting 500 acre feet of available water supplies to account for these future losses. The siltation rate will be updated as information becomes available from subsequent siltation analyses. Water Supply Accounting and Demand Projections The City is proposing to change the factor used in water supply accounting and demand projections. Consistent with Policy A 5.2.1 (Water Use Rate), the calculation uses a 10-year running average of gallons per capita per day (gpcd). This water use rate (gpcd) includes all existing water demand (residential, commercial, institutional, landscaping, water used for firefighting, and water loss within the water distribution system) in the City for the year divided by the City’s population. The current rate is 114.4 gpcd, down from 123.2 gpcd in 2009, as cited in the 2010 WWME. Using the per capita potable water use rate allowed by SB X7-7 (117 gpcd) is a more conservative approach as the 10-year average will be influenced by drought years where the City can experience a significant reduction in potable water demand, such as 2015 when the City reduced its per capita usage to 92 gpcd under the statewide drought declaration. A current and future scenario is provided below, using the City’s 2015 population (45,808) and 2035 Urban Reserve population (57,200) to illustrate how the water supply accounting formula is used to calculate primary water supply and reliability reserve from the 2016 Annual Availability of 12,109 acre feet. Current Policy: (57,200 population * 114.4 gpcd * 365 days) / 325,851 gallons Primary Water Supply 7,330 AFY + (20% of 45,808) * 114.4 gpcd * 365 days) / 325,851 gallons Reliability Reserve 1,174 AFY + 12,109 AF - (AF + AF) Secondary Water Supply 3,605 AFY = 12,109 AFY 2016 Annual Availability Proposed Policy: (57,200 population * 117 gpcd * 365 days) / 325,851 gallons = Primary Water Supply 7,496 AFY + (20% of 45,808) * 117 gpcd * 365 days) / 325,851 gallons Reliability Reserve 1,201 AFY + 12,109 AF - (7,496 AF + 1,201 AF) Secondary Water Supply 3,412 AFY = 12,109 AFY 2016 Annual Availability GENP-3215-2016 Water & Wastewater Element Amendments & 2015 UWMP Page 4 PC1-4 Proposed Policy with Population Growth to 2035: (57,200 population * 117 gpcd * 365 days) / 325,851 gallons = Primary Water Supply 7,496 AFY + (20% of 57,200)*117 gpcd * 365 days) / 325,851 gallons = Reliability Reserve 1,499 AFY + 12,109 AF - (7,496 AF + 1,499 AF) = Secondary Water Supply 3,114 AFY = 12,109 AFY 2016 Annual Availability NOTES: 1. Gallons per capita per day or (GPCD) 2. There are 325,851 gallons in an acre foot of water. The proposed policy language is as follows: A 5.2.1 Water Use Rate The City will calculate utilize the per capita water use rate based on a ten-year running average of the City’s actual per capita water use allowed by SB X7-7 for projecting future potable water demand established as 117 gallons per capita per day. Water Conservation The proposed update to the Water Shortage Contingency Plan in the 2015 Urban Water Management Plan proposes implementation of mandatory water conservation measures when the City’s water supplies are projected to last five years or less. This change from the current three year or less plan allows for more time to incrementally implement water shortage response strategies. The proposed policy language is as follows: A 6.2.2 Short-term Water Shortages Mandatory water conservation measures as described in the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan will be implemented when the City's water supplies are projected to last three five years or less. Recycled Water The edits to this section propose to eliminate details from the WWME that are provided annually in the Water Resource Status Report, such as annual recycled water usage in WWME Table 5. The proposed goal and program language is as follows: Goal A 7.1.1 Maximize Utilize recycled water for all approved purposes non-potable purposes, thereby offsetting the use of potable water. Program A 7.3.5. Continue to explore potable reuse consistent with statewide regulations. Due to the proposed language for Goal A 7.1.1, Goal A 7.1.2 is proposed to be deleted. 3.2 Wastewater Management As the community’s response to the drought has reduced indoor water demand, it has correspondingly reduced wastewater flows. The proposed text amendments to this section of the WWME include updating wastewater flow information to 2015 flows, and updating references to the City’s treatment GENP-3215-2016 Water & Wastewater Element Amendments & 2015 UWMP Page 5 PC1-5 plant at 35 Prado Road from Water Reclamation Facility to Water Resource Recovery Facility here and throughout the WWME. Figure 4, October Dry Weather Flows to the Water Reclamation Facility in Million Gallons Per Day (MGD) is proposed to be deleted. The design phase for the upgrade of the Water Resource Recovery Facility is underway in 2016 with completion anticipated in 2020. The upgrade will enable the City to consider potable reuse in addition to non-potable uses of recycled water. The proposed goal and policy language is as follows: Goal B 3.1.2 A high-quality, dependable recycled water supply that meets an increasing portion of the City’s non-potable demand. Maximize recycled water production. Policy B 3.2.2 Recycled Water Production The City will produce high-quality, dependable recycled water, suitable for a wide range of non-potable uses. 4.0 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLAN REVIEW The State of California Urban Water Management Planning Act (Act) requires every urban water supplier providing water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 customers, or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet of water annually, to prepare and adopt an Urban Water Management Plan every five years. The specific purposes of the Urban Water Management Plan are: 1. Document and assess current and future water use trends in the community 2. Describe the sources of water supply and the water system 3. Assess water supply reliability 4. Document the water demand management measures in place to balance supply and demand 5. Act as a source document on the background and history of the water supply system 6. Demonstrate compliance with state law regarding water planning and water conservation Urban Water Management Plans are foundational documents and sources of information for Water Supply Assessments and written verifications of water supply. The City Council adopted the City’s first Urban Water Management Plan (UWMP) in November 1994. Subsequent updates have been submitted to the state in 2000, 2005, and 2010. For this update, the state legislature extended the filing deadline for the 2015 Plan to July 1, 2016. By adopting a compliant Plan, the City will remain eligible for State Water Resources Contro l Board and Department of Water Resources grants, low interest loans, and other assistance for both water and wastewater projects. The City’s 2015 update addresses changes to the Water Code since 2010 including narratives describing water demand management, a plan to quantify water loss, electronic submittal of the plan, use of standardized tables, and other requirements. The required sections and corresponding chapter in the City’s UWMP are included in the table below. GENP-3215-2016 Water & Wastewater Element Amendments & 2015 UWMP Page 6 PC1-6 Required Urban Water Management Plan Sections City of San Luis Obispo Urban Water Management Plan Chapter Introduction and overview Chapter 1, Introduction Plan preparation Chapter 1, Introduction System description Chapter 2, Service Area and Water System Description Water use Chapter 3, Past, Current, and Projected Water Use by Sector Baselines and targets Chapter 3, Past, Current, and Projected Water Use by Sector System supplies Chapter 4, Water Sources and Chapter 5, Recycled Water Water supply reliability Chapter 6, Water Supply Reliability Water shortage contingency planning Chapter 8, Water Shortage Contingency Plan Demand management measures Chapter 7, Water Conservation & Demand Management Measures Adoption, submittal, and implementation Notices of Public Hearings will be included in an Appendix. UWMP will be submitted electronically following City Council Approval. Standardized tables for reporting data were developed and are required for use in 2015 UWMPs by the State. The standardization of data tables allows for more efficient data management, expedited review of UWMPs, and easier compilation of data for regional and statewide planning. The City will submit UWMP data electronically to the Department of Water Resources using these standardized tables and has included the tables in the body of this Plan at the end of each chapter. The City included a list of Abbreviations and Acronyms used in the UWMP is provided in the Introduction, page 1-4. Every five years, as part of its UWMP, the City prepares a comprehensive twenty‐year look ahead and compares estimates of water supply against estimates of water demand. The UWMP uses population projections for the General Plan update completed in 2014 as the basis for these projections. The preparation of the 2015 UWMP is unique in that it has taken place during unprecedented drought conditions statewide. As discussed with the Planning Commission at the Study Session on April 27, 2016, the City is proposing changes to the City’s existing Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) which is Chapter 8 of the UWMP. Water shortage contingency planning allows for the City be prepared for and respond to water shortages such as a drought or a catastrophic supply interruption such as a break in a transmission pipeline. In the proposed 2015 WSCP, the City is proposing six stages of action with a “Monitoring” stage in place to monitor compliance SB X7-7 requirements and demonstrate the City’s continuance of a strong water conservation ethic. The proposed “Watch” and “Warning” water shortage stages are triggered when the City’s available water supplies are reduced to less than five years and less than four years, respectively. With the proposed update, the per capita allotments have been reduced to reflect the efficiency of plumbing fixtures. A Water Offset Program is included in the potential actions associated with the “Warning” stage which will be further defined with the preparation of an ordinance later this year. 5.0 PROJECT ANALYSIS The Commission should review the draft Amendment to General Plan, Chapter 8, Water and Wastewater Management Element and the 2015 Urban Water Management Plan and provide input and direction as appropriate. Staff will forward the Planning Commission’s recommendation for consideration by the City GENP-3215-2016 Water & Wastewater Element Amendments & 2015 UWMP Page 7 PC1-7 Council. Upcoming Council Review of recommendations from the Planning Commis sion is scheduled for June 14, 2016. 6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL REVIEW The proposed General Plan Amendment for the Water and Wastewater Management Element and the 2015 Urban Water Management Plan are exempt from the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) consistent with CEQA Guidelines Section 15061(b)(3), the General Rule Exemption. 7.0 CONCURRENCES The Community Development Department concurs with the proposed staff recommendations. 8.0 ALTERNATIVES Continue the project with specific direction to staff. 9.0 ATTACHMENTS 1. Draft Water and Wastewater Management Element (in legislative draft format) 2. Draft 2015 Urban Water Management Plan (color version available at www.slowater.org) Chapter 8 WATER AND WASTEWATER Adopted: February 24, 1987 Planning Commission Draft May 2016 Last Revised: July 6, 2010 (Council Resolution No. 10197, 2010) Chapter 8 Page 8-2 Please see the next page. Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-3 CHAPTER 8 WATER AND WASTEWATER TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................... 8-5 A. WATER MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................................................................... 8-6 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................... 8-6 A 1.0 Background ............................................................................................................................................. 8-6 A 1.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................... 8-6 MULTI-SOURCE WATER SUPPLY ............................................................................................................................. 8-7 A 2.0 Background ............................................................................................................................................. 8-7 A 2.1 Goal ........................................................................................................................................................ 8-9 A 2.2 Policies .................................................................................................................................................... 8-9 A 2.3 Programs .............................................................................................................................................. 8-10 Water Resource Availability ..................................................................................................................................... 8-11 A 3.0 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 8-11 A 3.1 Goal ...................................................................................................................................................... 8-15 A 3.2 Policies .................................................................................................................................................. 8-15 A 3.3 Programs .............................................................................................................................................. 8-15 SILTATION .................................................................................................................................................................. 8-16 A 4.0 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 8-16 A 4.1 Goals ..................................................................................................................................................... 8-18 A 4.2 Policies .................................................................................................................................................. 8-18 A 4.3 Programs .............................................................................................................................................. 8-18 WATER SUPPLY ACCOUNTING AND DEMAND PROJECTION ............................................................................ 8-19 A 5.0 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 8-19 A 5.1 Goals ..................................................................................................................................................... 8-21 A 5.2 Policies .................................................................................................................................................. 8-21 A 5.3 Programs .............................................................................................................................................. 8-22 WATER CONSERVATION ......................................................................................................................................... 8-23 A 6.0 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 8-23 A 6.1 Goal ...................................................................................................................................................... 8-24 A 6.2 Policies .................................................................................................................................................. 8-24 A 6.3 Programs .............................................................................................................................................. 8-24 RECYCLED WATER ................................................................................................................................................... 8-25 A 7.0 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 8-25 A 7.1 Goals ..................................................................................................................................................... 8-27 A 7.2 Policies .................................................................................................................................................. 8-27 A 7.3 Programs .............................................................................................................................................. 8-27 B. WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT ....................................................................................................................... 8-28 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 8-28 B 1.0 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 8-28 B 1.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................. 8-28 WASTEWATER SERVICE .................................................................................................................................. 8-29 B 2.0 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 8-29 B 2.1 Goal ...................................................................................................................................................... 8-30 B 2.2 Policies .................................................................................................................................................. 8-30 B 2.3 Programs .............................................................................................................................................. 8-30 WASTEWATER TREATMENT ............................................................................................................................ 8-31 B 3.0 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 8-31 B 3.1 Goals ..................................................................................................................................................... 8-31 B 3.2 Policies .................................................................................................................................................. 8-31 B 3.3 Programs .............................................................................................................................................. 8-31 Chapter 8 Page 8-4 COLLECTION SYSTEM ...................................................................................................................................... 8-32 B 4.0 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 8-32 B 4.1 Goal ...................................................................................................................................................... 8-34 B 4.2 Policies .................................................................................................................................................. 8-34 B 4.3 Programs .............................................................................................................................................. 8-34 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Multi Source Water Supply .................................................................................................................. 8-8 Figure 2 Per Capita Water Use, 1985-2009 .................................................................................................... 8-20 Figure 3 Water Reuse Master Plan Area and Distribution System ................................................................. 8-26 Figure 4 October Dry-Weather Flows to the Water Reclamation Facility in Million Gallons per Day (MGD) . 8-29 Figure 5 Inflow and Infiltration Illustrated ......................................................................................................... 8-33 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. City Water Resource Availability ....................................................................................................... 8-11 Table 2. Annual Recycled Water Availability based on Influent Flow ............................................................. 8-14 Table 3. Whale Rock Reservoir Capacity Change Table 4. Reservoir Storage Capacity Table 3. Population and Water Use ................................................................................................................. 8-20 Table 45. 2010 Water Supply Accounting ......................................................................................................... 8-21 Table 5. Annual Recycled Water Usage.......................................................................................................... 8-27 Table 6. Highest Average Daily Flows to the Water Reclamation Facility, 2001 to 2009 ............................... 8-32 Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-5 INTRODUCTION The City's General Plan guides the use and protection of various resources to meet community purposes. It reflects consensus and compromise among a wide diversity of citizens' preferences, within a framework set by State law. The General Plan contains elements that address various topics. The City decided to adopt an element addressing water resources and wastewater services because of the vital role of these resources and the far-reaching impacts of water policies on community growth and character. This element translates the Land Use Element's capacity for development into potential demand for water supply and wastewater services. This element outlines how the City plans to provide adequate water and wastewater services for its citizens, consistent with the goals and policies of other General Plan elements. Before adopting or revising any General Plan element, the Planning Commission and the City Council must hold public hearings. The City publishes notices in the local newspaper and on the City’s website to let citizens know about the hearings at least ten days before they are held. Also, the City prepares environmental documents to help citizens understand the expected consequences of its planning policies before the hearings are held. Anyone may suggest or apply for amendments to General Plan elements. Chapter 8 Page 8-6 A. WATER MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION A 1.0 Background The original Water and Wastewater Management Element was adopted in 1987 around the time the City experienced its most severe drought period which lasted from 1986 to 1991. During this point in time mandatory water use restrictions were instituted and restrictions on new development were imposed. Following this period, the City pursued additional water supplies to meet the existing water needs of the community, as well as to fulfill the goals of the General Plan. The policies in the Water Management section of the Element were written in a manner to address the water scarcity issues the City was facing. With the addition of the Nacimiento Water Project to the City’s water portfolio, the City has an adequate water supply to serve the community’s existing and future water needs as defined by the General Plan. The 2010 revisions to the Water and Wastewater Management Element reflect the change in the water supply situation. The 2016 revisions to the Water and Wastewater Management Element are proposed to include a larger contractual water supply from Nacimiento Reservoir, to update the daily per capita water use assumption used in water supply accounting, and to reflect information from the Whale Rock Reservoir Bathymetric Survey and Volumetric Study completed in 2013. A 1.1 Purpose The Water Management section of the Element includes goals, policies, and programs related to water supply, demand, and other emerging issues. Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-7 MULTI-SOURCE WATER SUPPLY A 2.0 Background The City is the sole water purveyor within the city limits. This allows the City to maintain uniformity of water service and distribution standards, and to be consistent in developing and implementing water policy. As the sole water purveyor, the City maintains control over water quality, distribution, and service to users of the system, as well as ensuring consistency with the City's General Plan policies and goals. The Water Element of the General Plan, adopted in 1987, identified multiple water projects to meet projected short and long-term water demand. Having several sources of water avoids dependence on any one source that may not be available during a drought or other water supply reduction or emergency. There is usually greater reliability and flexibility if sources are of different types (such as surface water and groundwater) and if the sources of one type are in different locations (such as reservoirs in different watersheds). In November of 1990, the Council affirmed the multi-source concept. Consistent with the multi-source concept, the City obtains water from five sources: Salinas Reservoir (Santa Margarita Lake), Whale Rock Reservoir, Nacimiento Reservoir, recycled water from the City’s Water Reclamation Resource Recovery Facility (WRF), and groundwater. See Figure 1. Salinas Reservoir The Salinas Dam was built in 1941 by the War Department to supply water to Camp San Luis Obispo and, secondarily, to meet the water needs of the City of San Luis Obispo. The Salinas Reservoir (Santa Margarita Lake) captures water from a 112 square mile watershed and can store up to 23,843 acre-feet. In 1947, the Salinas Dam and delivery system was transferred from the regular Army to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Since the late 40s or early 50s, the San Luis Obispo County Flood Control and Water Conservation District has operated this water supply for the City under a lease from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Water from the reservoir is pumped through the Cuesta Tunnel (a one-mile long tunnel through the mountains of the Cuesta Ridge) after which it flows by gravity to the City’s Water Treatment Plant on Stenner Creek Road. Whale Rock Reservoir The Whale Rock Reservoir is a 40,662 acre-foot reservoir created by the construction of an earthen dam on Old Creek near the town of Cayucos. The dam was designed and constructed by the State Department of Water Resources in 1961 to provide water to the City of San Luis Obispo, Cal Poly State University, and the California Men’s Colony. The Whale Rock Dam captures water from a 20.3 square mile watershed and water is delivered to the three agencies through 17.6 miles of 30-inch pipeline and two pumping stations. The City of San Luis Obispo owns 55.05 percent of the water storage rights at the reservoir. The remaining water storage rights are divided between the two State agencies with Cal Poly owning 33.71 percent and the California Men’s Colony owning 11.24 percent. Nacimiento Reservoir The Nacimiento Reservoir provides flood protection and is a source of supply for groundwater recharge for the Salinas Valley. It is owned and operated by the Monterey County Water Resources Agency. Since 1959, the San Luis Obispo County Flood Control and Water Conservation District has had an entitlement to 17,500 acre-feet per year (AFY) of water from the reservoir for use in San Luis Obispo County. Approximately 1,750 AFY have been designated for uses around the lake, leaving 15,750 AFY for allocation to other areas within the County of San Luis Obispo. Chapter 8 Page 8-8 Figure 1 Multi Source Water Supply Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-9 The County began construction in 2007 on a 45-mile pipeline project to deliver water from the Nacimiento Reservoir to five participating agencies and cities. The City has a contractual entitlement to 3,380 5,482 AFY of water from the project. Recycled Water Recycled water is highly treated wastewater approved for reuse by the California Department of Public Health for a variety of applications, including landscape irrigation and construction dust control. Completed in 2006, the Water Reuse Project created the first new source of water for the City since 1961 following construction of Whale Rock Dam. The Project resulted in improvements at the City’s Water Resource Recovery Reclamation Facility and an initial eight miles of distribution pipeline. The City’s first delivery of recycled water took place in 2006. The City estimates demand exists for approximately 1,000 acre feet of recycled water for landscape irrigation and other approved uses. Additional information is provided on recycled water in subsections A 3.0, A 7.0, and B 3.0 of this Element. Groundwater The groundwater basin beneath the City is relatively small and recharges very quickly following normal rainfall periods. The groundwater basin also lowers relatively quickly during periods of below-average rainfall. Extensive use of groundwater sustained the City through most of the drought of 1986-1991. However, tThe City’s two largest producing wells, the Auto Parkway and Denny’s (Calle Joaquin) wells, were shut down in 1992 and 1993 when elevated nitrate levels were detected. The City stopped utilizing the Pacific Beach well in April 2015. Due to new regulatory requirements, using the groundwater would require additional costly treatment before the water could be used. Additionally, portions of the groundwater basin are contaminated with a chemical solvent (tetrachloroethylene) which would require treatment facilities to remove. While the City does not currently utilize potable water from wells, this remains a viable option for future use. Private wells are in use in the City, such as the well operated by San Luis Coastal Unified School District at San Luis Obispo High School. The City operatesd one well for domestic potable water use that produces approximately 11 acre-feet per month or approximately two-percent of the City’s total water use. The City also maintains a non-potable well at the City’s Corporation Yard that is available for non-potable purposes by permit. for use by contractors for construction activities such as dust control and soil compaction. The City’s Laguna Lake Golf Course also has two wells that meet a portion of the irrigation demand for the course. The remainder of the irrigation demand for the golf course is met using recycled water from the City’s Water Resource Recovery Reclamation Facility. A 2.1 Goal Ensure a long-term, reliable water supply to meet both current and future water demand associated with development envisioned by the General Plan. A 2.2 Policies A 2.2.1 Multi-Source Water Supply The City shall utilize multiple water resources to meet its water supply needs. A 2.2.2 Water Service within the City A. The City will be the only purveyor of water within the City. B. Appropriate use of privately-owned wells is allowed on individual parcels. The use of the water from a well shall only be utilized on the parcel on which it is situated. Chapter 8 Page 8-10 A 2.3 Programs A 2.3.1 Work cooperatively on regional water issues and water resource planning (Water Resource Advisory Committee, Whale Rock Commission, etc.). A 2.3.2 Participate with the County of San Luis Obispo in the Integrated Regional Water Management Plan process. A 2.3.3 Participate with other appropriate agencies in controlling invasive species which could impact the City’s water supplies (i.e. quagga mussels). A 2.3.4 Work with appropriate agencies to minimize water quality impacts from new development and other activities in the watersheds of the City’s water supplies. A 2.3.5 Continue to work with the County of San Luis Obispo on the operation and maintenance of Salinas Reservoir and Nacimiento Water Project. A 2.3.6 Complete sanitary surveys for the Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs every five years. Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-11 Water Resource Availability A 3.0 Background As described in Section A 2.0, the City has five water resources to meet current and future City water demand: Salinas Reservoir (Santa Margarita Lake), Whale Rock Reservoir, Nacimiento Reservoir, recycled water from the City’s Water Resource Recovery Reclamation Facility, and groundwater. In order to ensure water supply reliability, the City must determine the amount of water available from these water resources on an annual basis. The method to determine the available yield from each resource varies based on water right, contractual agreement, or the amount of water actually supplied. For Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs the term “safe annual yield” is used to define the annual amount of water available from these two resources. The two reservoirs are operated in a coordinated manner to increase the available water. In contrast, the “dependable yield” from Nacimiento Reservoir is the contractual amount of water to which the City has rights. Since Nacimiento Reservoir is operated as a water supply project for Monterey County, the concept of safe annual yield is not used for the City’s contractual water supply from this source. For recycled water, the annual amount delivered is counted in the water availability calculation. Though groundwater is part of the City’s water portfolio, due to the limitations on its use, the City will does not consider this supply in estimating available water resources to meet community needs at this time. Another issue the City must address is the potential impact of climate change on the City’s water resources. Climate change could have a significant impact on future water availability in the form of droughts or increased siltation in reservoirs as a result of wildland fires which could affect the safe annual yield of the City’s reservoirs. As research on the topic continues, the City will monitor the potential for long-term impacts to its water supply resources. The following sections provide more detail about each water resource. Table 1 is a summary of the City’s available water resources. City Water Resource Availability Table 1. Water Resource 2010 2016 Annual Availability Salinas Reservoir (Santa Margarita Lake) and Whale Rock Reservoir 6,940 AF Safe Annual Yield Nacimiento Reservoir 3,380 AF 5,482 Contractual Limit Recycled Water 130 187 AF 200915 Annual Usage Siltation to 2060 (500 AF) Policy A 4.2.2 TOTAL 9,950 12,109 AF Note: The quantity of recycled water included as part of the City’s available water resources identified above, is the actual prior year’s recycled water usage (200915), per Policy A 7.2.2. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2010 2016. Chapter 8 Page 8-12 Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs For Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs the term “safe annual yield” is used to define the quantity of water which can be withdrawn every year, under critical drought conditions. The safe annual yield available from Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs is estimated by simulating the operation of these two water supply sources over a historical period to determine the maximum level of demand that could be met during the most severe drought for which records are available. The two reservoirs are operated in a coordinated manner to maximize the available water from these sources. Salinas Reservoir fills and spills every two to three years due to its larger drainage area and more favorable runoff characteristics, yet has higher evaporation rates. Whale Rock Reservoir fills much less frequently. The combined yield from the two reservoirs can be maximized by utilizing water from Salinas as the City’s primary source, and using Whale Rock as a backup source during periods when Salinas is below minimum pool or unable to meet all of the demand. This approach increases the long-term water supply from these two sources. Safe annual yield analyses of water supply sources are based on rainfall, evaporation, and stream flow experienced during a historical period. The City’s safe annual yield analysis utilizes data from 1943 through 1991 including drought periods in 1946-51, 1959-61, 1976-77, and 1986-91. Although future conditions are unlikely to occur in the precise sequence and magnitudes as have occurred historically, this technique provides a conservative estimate of the future water supply capability of the existing sources, since the long-term historical record is considered a good indicator of future conditions. In 1988, the City contracted with the engineering firm of Leedshill-Herkenhoff, Inc., to prepare a detailed analysis of the City's water supplies and create a computer model to determine safe annual yield, based on coordinated operation of the two reservoirs. The report Coordinated Operations Study for Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs was completed in 1989. Key assumptions used in the 1988 model were that the "controlling drought period" was from 1946 to 1951 and that the City only used Whale Rock Reservoir when Salinas was below minimum pool or could not meet the City’s monthly demand. The study also assumed a minimum pool at Salinas and Whale Rock of 400 and 500 acre-feet respectively. The minimum pool at each lake is the amount of water that must be left in the lake for fishery and habitat resources. The current minimum pool established for each lake is 2,000 acre feet. The study estimated the City’s total safe annual yield from the two reservoirs to be 9,080 acre-feet per year. This amount was never adopted by Council since the study period was only to 1988 and the City was then in a drought period of unknown length. In 1991, staff updated the computer model to examine the impact of the 1986-1991 drought on safe annual yield and revise the assumptions on the amount of water used from Whale Rock Reservoir each year to more accurately reflect the way the City actually used that resource. The analysis determined that the 1986-91 drought was the critical drought of record for the two reservoirs. These revised assumptions resulted in a reduction in the safe annual yield estimate. The City’s safe annual yield for 2010, from the coordinated operation of Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs is 6,940 acre feet. This includes reductions due to siltation at both reservoirs to the year 2010. Future losses due to siltation are addressed in Section 4.0 of this Element. Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-13 Nacimiento Reservoir The “dependable yield” from Nacimiento Reservoir is the contractual amount of water that the City has rights to from Nacimiento Reservoir. This amount is 5,482 3,380 acre-feet per year. The San Luis Obispo County Flood Control and Water Conservation District (County) has held an entitlement to 17,500 acre-feet of water from Nacimiento Lake since 1959. Since that time, a small portion has been dedicated for uses in the immediate areas around the Lake. Several times in the past, the County has evaluated opportunities for utilizing water to meet identified needs throughout the County. In the early 1990’s, the City was facing dire drought conditions and dwindling water supplies and was considering building an emergency water supply project on its own to provide a new water source. The City requested the County allocate 3,000 acre feet to the City on a permanent basis. While the County denied this request, this triggered the initiation of investigations on a county-wide basis for separate contracts for use of the available water from Nacimiento Reservoir. Engineering studies, environmental impact reports, dependable yield analyses, and preliminary design reports were undertaken in an effort to meet the various water needs within the County. In 2004, the County requested interested agencies to approve the contractual agreements for participation in the Nacimiento Project. The four initial project participants included the cities of San Luis Obispo and Paso Robles, the Atascadero Mutual Water Company, and the Templeton Community Services District. All of these agencies executed participation agreements with San Luis Obispo County for entitlements of water which totaled 9,630 acre feet. Since 2004, the County Service Area 10A, which serves the southern portion of Cayucos, has become a project participant (25 AFY). In addition, 1,750 acre-feet was reserved for uses around the lake. On June 29, 2004, the City Council authorized participation in the Nacimiento Water Project for the delivery of 3,380 acre-feet of water. This amount is considered to be the City’s dependable yield from this water source and will be utilized to meet existing and future water demands based on analyses prepared during the Nacimiento Project planning process (“Nacimiento Reservoir Reliability as a Water Source for San Luis Obispo County”, Boyle Engineering Corporation, October 2002). In March 2016, the City Council approved the addition of 2,102 acre feet per year from Nacimiento Reservoir to the City’s secondary water supply. Secondary water supplies are used to meet short-term losses to the City’s water supply due to events such as drought, pipeline maintenance, and repair of infrastructure. With uncertainty of future climatic conditions, regulation and aging infrastructure, the additional supply of Nacimiento water to the City’s portfolio reduces pressure on use of water supplies in the Whale Rock and Salinas reservoirs. It would serve to extend these stored supplies during critical water shortage periods. Recycled Water With an average influent flow of just under 4.6 2.74 million gallons per day (2009) in 2015, the City’s Water Resource Recovery Reclamation Facility produces over 5,100 3,000 acre-feet of disinfected tertiary-treated effluent per year. A minimum of 1,807 acre-feet is discharged to San Luis Obispo Creek annually to provide satisfactory habitat and flow volume for fish species (steelhead trout) within the San Luis Obispo Creek environment. The balance makes up the City’s available recycled water resource (See Table 2) which is available for approved uses including: Landscape and golf course irrigation Wetlands, wildlife habitat, stream augmentation Groundwater recharge Toilet flushing Vehicle washing Chapter 8 Page 8-14 Surface irrigation of orchards and vineyards Landscape impoundments Industrial cooling processes Food crop irrigation Annual Recycled Water Availability based on Influent Flow Table 2. Average Influent Flow to WRF (MGD) Treated Effluent Produced (AFY) Minimum Average Daily Creek Release (MGD)1 Minimum Annual Creek Release (AFY) Average Daily Recycled Water Availability (MGD) Annual Recycled Water Availability (AFY) 2009 Avg. Flow 4.596 5,148 1.6129 1,807 2.9831 3,341 Flow at WRF Capacity 5.20 5,825 1.6129 1,807 3.5871 4,018 Flow at General Plan Buildout 2 5.80 6,497 1.6129 1,807 4.1871 4,690 Notes: 1. As a condition of approval of the City's Water Reuse Project by the National Marine Fisheries Service in 2005, the City is required to maintain a minimum average daily release, year-round, of treated effluent to San Luis Obispo Creek at a rate of 2.5 cubic feet per second (cfs), or 1.6129 million gallons per day (mgd) to provide satisfactory habitat and flow volume for anadromous fish species (steelhead trout) within the San Luis Obispo Creek environment. This totals a minimum of 1,807 acre feet per year. The City monitors the release of effluent through an effluent meter at the WRF and a stream gauge in San Luis Obispo Creek. 2. Master planning for the expansion of the WRF to accommodate General Plan buildout is underway in 2010. When the WRF is expanded in the future it will have an estimated treatment capacity of 5.8 mgd. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2010. Average Influent Flow to WRF (MGD) Treated Effluent Produced (AFY) Minimum Average Daily Creek Release (MGD)1 Minimum Annual Creek Release (AFY) Average Daily Recycled Water Availability (MGD) Annual Recycled Water Availability (AFY) 1 2015 Average Flow 2.74 3,066 1.6129 1,807 1.13 1,259 Future Flow at WRRF Design Capacity 5.4 5,966 1.6129 1,807 3.79 4,159 NOTES: 1. 2015 data was derived from WRRF average monthly influent data. Future annual recycled water volume is based on the design capacity of the WRRF of 5.4 mgd in the design phase in 2016. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2016. At this time (2010), the City assumes that irrigation will continue to be the primary use of recycled water. Based on a market assessment, potential customer surveys, and water demand estimates for the Margarita, Airport, and Orcutt Specific Plan areas the City estimates that demand will exist for approximately 1,000 acre-feet of recycled water annually. Irrigation demand is seasonal, with approximately 60 percent of recycled water deliveries occurring over a three-month period (June through August). Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-15 The design phase for the upgrade of the WRRF is underway in 2016 to accommodate General Plan buildout and maximize recycled water production. The upgrade will enable the City to consider potable reuse in the future. Additional background information on recycled water, as well as applicable goals, policies and programs, is provided in subsection A 7.0 of the Water Section and subsection B 3.0 of the Wastewater Management Section. A 3.1 Goal Manage the City’s water resources to meet the current and future water demand requirements associated with development envisioned by the General Plan. A 3.2 Policies A 3.2.1 Basis for Planning The City will plan for future development through the Land Use Element taking into consideration available water resources from the Salinas, Whale Rock, and Nacimiento Reservoirs and recycled water. A 3.2.2 Coordinated Operation The City will coordinate the operation of the Salinas, Whale Rock, and Nacimiento Reservoirs to maximize available water resources. A 3.2.3 Groundwater Due to limitations for the use of the groundwater resources, the The City will continue to use groundwater for domestic purposes when available., but will not consider this source of supply as part of its water resource availability. A 3.3 Programs A 3.3.1 An update on the water resource availability will be presented to the City Council as part of an annual Water Resources Status Report. A 3.3.2 The City will update the safe annual yield computer model for Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs following severe drought periods to determine if any changes are necessary to the safe annual yield amount. A 3.3.3 The City will monitor ongoing research on the potential for long-term impacts associated with climate change to water supply resources. Chapter 8 Page 8-16 SILTATION A 4.0 Background Siltation at reservoirs is a natural occurrence that can reduce the storage capacity over long periods. The reduction of available storage reduces the safe annual yield of the reservoirs. Siltation at reservoirs varies depending on factors such as rainfall intensity and watershed management practices. Numerous studies and reports addressing siltation at Salinas Reservoir have been completed, but no studies have been done for Whale Rock Reservoir. The Whale Rock Reservoir Bathymetric Survey and Volumetric Study was completed in May 2013. During the drought period ending in 1991, water at Salinas Reservoir fell to record low levels. Recognizing the unique opportunity presented by the low water level, the County of San Luis Obispo contracted with a local engineering consultant to provide an aerial survey of the lake and prepare revised storage capacity information. Early studies indicated average annual siltation rates from 23 acre-feet per year to 34 acre-feet per year. The study done by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1975 estimated that the siltation rate was approximately 82 acre-feet per year. The 1990 analysis conducted by the County of San Luis Obispo indicates that the siltation rate is on the order of 40 acre-feet per year. It should be noted that siltation impacts to the reservoirs are a long-term impact to the resources and should be considered in the City’s long range plans for adequate water resources. At an annual siltation rate of 40 AFY at each reservoir, it would take approximately 530 years to fill up the Salinas Reservoir and 960 years to fill up Whale Rock Reservoir. Siltation does not occur uniformly over time but the situation should continue to be monitored into the future. The City has recognized the need to evaluate the siltation rates at Whale Rock Reservoir and has identified funding in fiscal year 2011-12 to conduct the study. Since no information is available to indicate what rate of siltation is occurring at the Whale Rock Reservoir at this point, it is assumed for planning purposes that the annual average rate of siltation is similar to Salinas Reservoir. The purpose of the 2013 bathymetric survey and volumetric study at Whale Rock Reservoir was to determine the level of siltation that has occurred in the reservoir since the dam’s completion in 1961. The study concluded that sedimentation has reduced reservoir capacity by 4.2 percent in 52 years as shown in Table 3 and 4. Whale Rock Reservoir Capacity Change Table 3. 1961 Capacity: 40,662 Acre-Ft @ Spillway ELV 216.0 NGVD29 2013 Capacity: 38,967 Acre-Ft @ Spillway ELV 218.3 NAVD88 Capacity Loss due to Siltation: 1,695 Acre-Ft Difference in Years: 52 Years Siltation Rate: 32.6 Acre-Ft/Year Percentage Capacity Loss: 4.2% Source: Whale Rock Reservoir Bathymetric Survey and Volumetric Study, 2013. Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-17 Reservoir Storage Capacity Table 4. Agency % Entitlement Original Storage Capacity (AF) Revised Storage Capacity (AF) Difference (AF) Revised Total Available Water * (AF) City of San Luis Obispo 55.05 22,384 21,451 933 20,350 Cal Poly 33.71 13,707 13,136 571 12,462 CMC 11.24 4,570 4,380 191 4,155 Total 100 % 40,662 AF 38,967 AF 1,695 AF 36,967 AF Source: Whale Rock Reservoir Bathymetric Survey and Volumetric Study, 2013. *Total Available Water is agency share of reservoir storage capacity minus agency proportional share of minimum pool requirements. The safe annual yield from the two reservoirs will be continually reduced as a result of siltation. The City’s computer model can be is used to calculate the reduction in safe annual yield from Salinas and Whale Rock reservoirs to-date, which is reflected in the safe annual yield amount in Section A 3.0 which accounts for estimated siltation losses to 2010. Since the storage capacity for Salinas Reservoir was last estimated in 1990, the annual loss of 40 acre-feet per year can be applied from that date. However, since siltation at Whale Rock Reservoir has never been factored into the total available water storage, the loss of 40 acre-feet per year would apply to the period since the reservoir was constructed in 1961. The estimated loss in storage capacity for Salinas Reservoir between 1990 and 2010 is 800 acre-feet. The estimated loss at Whale Rock Reservoir between 1961 and 20103 is was 1,960 1,695 acre-feet. Based on these reduced storage capacities, the computer model was used to estimate the safe annual yield from the combined operation of the two reservoirs. With an estimated loss of 40 acre-feet per year at each reservoir, the total safe annual yield from the two reservoirs is estimated to be reduced by 10 acre-feet per year. Chapter 8 Page 8-18 A 4.1 Goals A 4.1.1 Accurately account for siltation in the Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs. A 4.1.2 Recognize and account for future projected water losses due to siltation at Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs. A 4.2 Policies A 4.2.1 Accounting for Past Siltation The City shall account for siltation losses that have occurred to date (2010) in the safe annual yield from Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs. A 4.2.2 Accounting for Future Siltation The City will account for estimated safe annual yield losses at Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs for the next 50 years ( through 2060) by deducting 500 acre feet of available water supplies to account for these future losses. The siltation rate will be updated as information becomes available from subsequent siltation analyses. A 4.3 Programs A 4.3.1 Work cooperatively with other agencies and/or watershed management groups, including the County of San Luis Obispo and Resource Conservation Districts, implementing best management practices (BMPs) to reduce erosion and subsequent siltation consistent with other City watershed management goals and water quality objectives included in the Conservation and Open Space Element. A 4.3.2 Continue public education and outreach to property owners in the watersheds above the reservoirs to encourage practices that reduce erosion and other practices that could impact siltation or water quality in the reservoirs. A 4.3.3 Consider periodic siltation studies at each reservoir to evaluate and document the impacts associated with siltation. A 4.3.4 An update on siltation at the City’s reservoirs will be provided to the City Council as part of the annual Water Resources Status Report. Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-19 WATER SUPPLY ACCOUNTING AND DEMAND PROJECTION A 5.0 Background The City is located in a Mediterranean climate that is prone to drought. As a result, the City has experienced serious water supply deficits. In 1991, during an extended drought, the community was within 18 months of running out of water in Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs. In fact, Salinas Reservoir was below minimum pool and was not available to the City toward the end of this drought period. In 1996, citizens voted to incorporate Section 909 into the City’s Charter identifying a water reliability reserve. In an effort to reduce the impacts of drought on the community, the City Council has enacted numerous water policies to strengthen its water resources portfolio. The City will account for water supplies necessary to meet three specific community needs:1) primary water supply, 2) reliability reserve, and 3) secondary water supply. 1. Primary water supply is the amount needed to meet the General Plan build-out of the City. The quantity of water needed for the City’s primary water supply needs is calculated using a ten-year average of actual per-capita water use and the City’s build-out population. 2. Reliability reserve provides a buffer for future unforeseen or unpredictable long-term impacts to the City’s available water resources such as loss of yield from an existing water supply source and impacts due to climate change. 3. Secondary water supply is the amount needed to meet peak water demand periods or short-term loss of City water supply sources. The City’s secondary water supply is identified as any water supply resources above those needed to meet the primary water supply and reliability reserve. In order to support growth projections and other goals of the General Plan, the City must project how much water will be needed to serve residents, businesses, and other users. This can be done by using different methods, all of which involve assumptions about future usage rates and the numbers and types of users expected in the future. There will always be some uncertainty in estimating development capacity (such as the number of dwellings or residents) as well as the usage per customer type (such as acre-feet per dwelling or per resident). The estimating method must use reasonable assumptions, based on experience, to assure an adequate level of water supply while not overstating demands. As shown in Figure 2, the City’s historical per capita usage water use has ranged from a high of 182 gallons per capita per day (gpcd) in 1987 to a low of 86 gpcd in 1991 (during mandatory water rationing). To project the City’s primary water supply and reliability reserve into the future, an average per capita water use rate will be used, moderated by the use of the ten-year running average to normalize weather events. In 2010, the ten-year average is 123.2 gpcd as shown in Table 3, Population and Water Use the City will use 117 gpcd which is the maximum allowed per capita water use under Senate Bill X7-7. This water use rate is used with the City’s build- out population and current population to project the primary water supply and reliability reserve. The City’s remaining water resources make up secondary water supply, as shown in Table 4. Chapter 8 Page 8-20 Figure 2 Per Capita Water Use, 1985-2009 Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2010. Population and Water Use Table 5. Year City of San Luis Obispo Population 1 Total Water Use (acre feet) 2 Per Capita Water Use (gpcd) 2 2000 44,179 6,121 124 2001 44,347 5,886 118 2002 44,482 6,032 121 2003 44,357 5,968 120 2004 44,298 6,239 126 2005 44,687 6,098 122 2006 44,559 5,999 120 2007 44,433 6,488 130 2008 44,579 6,375 128 2009 44,829 6,157 123 Ten-year Average: 123.2 Sources: 1. State of CA, Department of Finance, E-4 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties and the State, 2001-2010, with 2000 Benchmark. Sacramento, CA, May 2010. 2. City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2010. Figure 2: Per Capita Water Use, 1985-2009 177 181 182 175 117 89 86 98 103 106 121 125 133 124 130 124 121 120 126 122 130 128 123118120 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 Year Ga l l o n s / C a p i t a / D a y Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-21 2010 Water Supply Accounting Table 6. Proposed Water Supply Accounting and Demand Projections (City Buildout Population * 117 gpcd * 365 days) / 325,851 gallons = Primary Water Supply + 20% of Current City Population * 117 gpcd * 365 days) / 325,851 gallons = Reliability Reserve + All Remaining Supplies Secondary Water Supply = Annual Availability Total1 Primary Water Supply2 Reliability Reserve3 Secondary Water Supply4 9,950 acre-feet 7,894 acre-feet 1,241 acre-feet 816 acre-feet Notes: 1. The “Total” water supply for 2010 is identified in Table 1. It includes safe annual yield from Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs, contractual limit from Nacimiento Reservoir, annual recycled water usage for 20092015, and deducts siltation losses at Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs to 2060. 2. Primary Water Supply was is calculated using the City’s buildout population (57,200, per Land Use Element, Table 2, Anticipated City Population Growth, 2006) and the water use rate of 123.2 117 gallons per capita per day (a ten-year running average of the City’s actual per capita water use), per policy A 5.2.2. 3. Reliability Reserve was calculated using the City’s 2010 population (44,948, per CA Dept. of Finance, E-4 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties and the State, 2001-2010, with 2000 Benchmark. Sacramento, CA, May 2010) and 20 percent of the water use rate of 123.2 117 gallons per capita per day (a ten-year running average of the City’s actual per capita water use), per policy A 5.2.3. 4. Secondary Water Supply includes the remaining water resources available in 2010, identified in Table 1, per policy A 5.2.4. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 20106. A 5.1 Goals A 5.1.1 Identify and meet the City’s multi- source water supply needs. A 5.1.2 Accurately forecast future water demand for planning purposes. A 5.2 Policies A 5.2.1 Water Use Rate The City will calculate utilize the per capita water use rate based on a ten-year running average of the City’s actual per capita water use allowed by Senate Bill X7-7 for projecting future potable water demand established as 117 gallons per capita per day. A 5.2.2 Primary Water Supply The City shall establish the amount of water needed for General Plan build-out using the water use rate established in Policy A 5.2.1 multiplied by the projected General Plan build-out population identified in the Land Use Element. A 5.2.3 Reliability Reserve The City will establish a reliability reserve that is 20-percent of the water use rate established in Policy A 5.2.1 multiplied by the current population. The water supply designated as the reliability reserve may not be used to serve future development. Chapter 8 Page 8-22 A 5.2.4 Secondary Water Supply After accounting for primary water supply and a reliability reserve, any remaining water supplies shall be utilized for meeting short-term water supply shortages or peak water demands. A 5.2.5 Paying for Water for New Development New development shall pay its proportionate or “fair share” for water supplies, expanded treatment and distribution system capacity and upgrades. A 5.3 Programs A 5.3.1 An update on water supply accounting and demand projections will be presented to the City Council as part of the annual Water Resources Status Report. A 5.3.2 The City will conduct periodic updates to water development impact fees. A 5.3.3 Prepare and update the Urban Water Management Plan every five years as required by the State. A 5.3.4 Analyze and prepare water supply assessments for large new developments in accordance with State law. A 5.3.5 Analyze the impacts of water efficiency programs and services to reduce overall water demand within the City Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-23 WATER CONSERVATION A 6.0 Background Water conservation was first referenced as a part of the City's water management policy in 1973. In 1985, the City adopted the Annual Water Operational Plan policy establishing water conservation as a means of extending water supplies during projected water shortages. Since 1985, many technological and philosophical changes have occurred which are proving water conservation to be both a short-term corrective measure for immediate water supply shortages and a long-term solution to water supply reliability. Because of the experience during the drought of 1986 to 1991, the City developed a Water Shortage Contingency Plan (Plan) to deal with immediate, short-term water shortages. The Plan is designed to require mandatory actions when there is a projected three five year supply of water remaining from available water resources. The Plan uses a combination of water allocations based on customer classification and water use surcharges for exceeding the allocation as a means to decrease water use during critical water shortages. For instance, residential customers are given a water allocation based on the average water use for multi- or single-family households having three occupants. If there are more residents, additional water may be allocated with sufficient proof. Commercial customers are allocated water either by a reduction based on their historical water use or by the average water use by business type. Surcharges for exceeding a water allocation results in their bill either doubling or tripling depending on the actual amount of water used. The Plan is also a required component of the City’s Urban Water Management Plan which is updated every five years per State Water Code. The Water Conservation Act of 2009, Senate Bill X7-7 (SB X7-7), was incorporated into the California Water Code in 2009. The legislation directs urban water suppliers to adopt one of four methods to determine their urban water use target. The method selected by the City corresponds to the Central Coast hydrologic region. The Central Coast region’s 2020 target of 117 gallons per capita per day is the lowest in the state. The City also recognizes the importance of long-term water efficiency by supporting programs that will enhance water supply reliability and comply with any current and/or future state mandates in water use reductions. In 2009, Senate Bill X7-7 was passed requiring water agencies to reduce per capita water use by 20 percent by the year 2020. There are three options (with a fourth being developed) on how to determine the year 2020 target for the City. Using the methodology which best corresponds to the City’s situation and recognizes the City’s past investment in conservation, the City’s target per capita water use would be 117 gpcd which is an additional five percent reduction from 2010 per capita water use. In terms of water supply reliability the City was one of the original signatories to the Memorandum of Understanding Regarding Urban Water Conservation (MOU) and has actively pursued the implementation of the water efficiency best management practices (BMPs) prescribed in the MOU. The MOU was a negotiated agreement between water purveyors statewide and environmental organizations on how best to utilize the State’s water resources by incorporating conservation into their water management practices. The BMPs have been developed over the years by water purveyors, environmental groups, and industry stakeholders. They represent the best available water conservation practices based on research and experience and include: Water conservation pricing and rate structures Technical assistance for water customers Incentives for indoor and outdoor water saving technologies Public information and outreach Water audits Chapter 8 Page 8-24 Additionally, the City has adopted the Ahwahnee Principles as part of the General Plan’s Conservation and Open Space Element (COSE). The water conservation components of the principles align with both the indoor and outdoor water conservation BMPs. In the future, the City will reevaluate and update its water conservation efforts in response to changing water demand, supplies, technology, and economic conditions. A 6.1 Goal The efficient use of the City’s water resources to protect both short- and long-term water supply reliability. A 6.2 Policies A 6.2.1 Long-term Water Efficiency The City will implement water-efficiency programs which are consistent with accepted best management practices and comply with any State-mandated water use reductions. A 6.2.2 Short-term Water Shortages Mandatory water conservation measures as described in the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan will be implemented when the City's water supplies are projected to last three five years or less. A 6.3 Programs A 6.3.1 Work cooperatively with other San Luis Obispo County water agencies to identify cooperative water efficiency measures that can be implemented in each jurisdiction. A 6.3.2 Participate in State and regional water conservation efforts and research and development opportunities. A 6.3.3 Implement the Water Shortage Contingency Plan as required. Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-25 RECYCLED WATER A 7.0 Background Water recycling was envisioned as part of the City’s overall water supply strategy since the 1980’s. In 1994, the City completed a major capital improvement project at the Water Resource Recovery Reclamation Facility that included addition of tertiary treatment and other unit processes required to meet stringent effluent quality limits intended to protect and enhance the receiving waters of San Luis Obispo Creek. While a municipal water reuse program was envisioned at the time of this upgrade, the City did not receive regulatory approvals for diversion of treated effluent for off-site landscape irrigation and other approved uses until 2002. The City’s 2004 Water Reuse Master Plan identifies the areas of the City to be served with recycled water (See Figure 3, Water Reuse Master Plan Area and Distribution System), as well as potential customers and anticipated future recycled water demand. The City completed construction of the Water Reuse Project in 2006 which included: A diversion structure and modulating control valve to split the effluent flow between the recycled water tank and San Luis Obispo Creek. A new 220,000-gallon chlorine contact tank to meet recycled water disinfection requirements which differ from those for discharge to San Luis Obispo Creek. A new 600,000 gallon buried concrete recycled water storage tank to provide the storage necessary for operation of the distribution system. A pump station to deliver recycled water into the distribution system. It included two 40-horsepower and three 120-horsepower variable speed pumps and was designed to accommodate two additional 120 horsepower pumps for a future capacity expansion. The Water Reuse Project also included the initial eight miles of the recycled water distribution system with two main branches, as described below: West Branch: The west branch extends west from the WRF under Highway 101, then along Calle Joaquin to Los Osos Valley Road (LOVR) to near the westerly city limits on LOVR. There is a secondary branch which extends from LOVR along Madonna Road to Laguna Lake Park. East Branch: The east branch begins at the WRF and follows Prado Road easterly to the city limits, then along existing easements to Broad Street, thence southerly along Broad to Tank Farm Road, then easterly to the terminus at Islay Hills Park. Recycled water deliveries began in October 2006. In 2009, recycled water was delivered to 17 sites with total usage over 130 acre feet per year (See Table 5). Additional sites continue to be connected to the recycled water distribution system through retrofits of existing irrigation systems as well as the irrigation systems associated with new development in the area. In the future, recycled water will be delivered to development in the Airport, Margarita, and Orcutt specific plan areas and is being considered with development proposals for the Avila Ranch, San Luis Ranch, and Madonna on LOVR specific plans. Recycled water will be used for the irrigation of parks, streetscape, and median landscaping, common area (homeowners association) landscaping, and landscaping in commercial centers, industrial areas, and business parks. Chapter 8 Page 8-26 Figure 3 Water Reuse Master Plan Area and Distribution System Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-27 Annual Recycled Water Usage Table 7. Calendar Year Annual Recycled Water Usage (in acre-feet) Number of Sites Using Recycled Water 2006 7.69 1 1 2007 62.36 10 2008 95.75 11 2009 137.36 2 17 Notes: 1. Partial year data reported, October through December 2006. 2. The City initiated a Construction Water Permit Program (CWPP) on July 1, 2009. Recycled water usage associated with the CW PP is included with annual recycled water usage. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2010. A 7.1 Goals A 7.1.1 MaximizeUtilize recycled water for all approved purposes non-potable purposes, thereby offsetting the use of potable water. A 7.1.2 Maximize the use of the City’s available recycled water supply for approved uses. A 7.2 Policies A 7.2.1 Recycled Water Supply The City will make available recycled water to substitute for existing potable water uses as allowed by law and to supply new non-potable uses. A 7.2.2 Accounting for Recycled Water The City will add total recycled water usage from the prior year to the City’s water resource availability on an annual basis. A 7.3 Programs A 7.3.1 Expand the recycled water distribution system to serve customers in the Water Reuse Master Plan area. A 7.3.2 Review development proposals for projects within the Water Reuse Master Plan area to ensure recycled water is utilized for appropriate uses. A 7.3.3 Annual recycled water usage will be presented to the City Council as part of the annual Water Resources Status Report and will be added to the City’s water resource availability per policy A 3.2.1. A 7.3.4 Consider the potential to deliver available recycled water supplies to customers outside the city limits, including analysis of policy issues, technical concerns, and cost recovery, provided it is found to be consistent with the General Plan. A 7.3.5 Continue to explore potable reuse consistent with statewide regulations. Chapter 8 Page 8-28 B. WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION B 1.0 Background The Wastewater Management section was first incorporated into the Water and Wastewater Management Element of the General Plan in 1987. The City owns and operates, under regulatory permits, a wastewater collection system and a water reclamation resource recovery facility that produces recycled water. In order to adequately maintain the systems, meet the needs of the community, and meet increasingly stringent regulations the City implements infrastructure replacement and upgrade projects at the Water Reclamation Resource Recovery Facility (WRF) and throughout the wastewater collection system. It also has a pretreatment program. The 2016 revisions include updated data related to the City’s wastewater flows. B 1.1 Purpose This section of the Water and Wastewater Management Element establishes goals, policies, and programs to ensure provision of adequate sanitary sewer infrastructure and wastewater treatment capacity to accommodate existing and future development in order to protect public health, human safety, and the environment. Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-29 WASTEWATER SERVICE B 2.0 Background The City is the sole provider of wastewater service within the City. The service provides collection and treatment for residential, commercial, and industrial users on properties within the city limits. In 2010, the number of service connections is estimated to be 14,400. Through agreement, the City also provides service to the San Luis Obispo campus of California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly) and the County of San Luis Obispo Airport. The collection system is primarily a gravity flow system. Where gravity flow is not feasible due to the topography, wastewater lift stations and pressurized force mains are used to move wastewater to the City’s Water Resource Recovery Reclamation Facility (WRF) on Prado Road. Sewer pipelines measure from six inches to 48 inches in diameter. As shown in Figure 4, dry-weather flow to the WRRF over the past nine years has ranged from 4.08 mgd to 5.12 mgd during October. In 2010, tThe WRRF is designed for an average dry-weather flow of 5.12 million gallons per day (mgd). Instantaneous peak flows exceeding 20 mgd are not uncommon during storm events due to infiltration and inflow into the wastewater collection system, discussed further in subsection B 4.0. As the City grows to its build-out population outlined in the Land Use Element, the average dry-weather flow of wastewater is expected to reach 5.84 mgd. In 20106, master planning for the expansion of the WRRF to accommodate General Plan buildout is underway. When the WRRF is expanded in the future it will have an estimated a treatment capacity of 5.84 mgd. Figure 4 October Dry-Weather Flows to the Water Reclamation Facility in Million Gallons per Day (MGD) 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year Mi l l i o n G a l l o n s p e r D a y Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, Water Reclamation Facility, Influent Flow Data for October 2001-2009. The City utilizes October data to ensure the consideration of the City’s student population when forecasting future dry-weather flows. Chapter 8 Page 8-30 B 2.1 Goal Adequate wastewater collection and treatment service to meet the long-term needs of the City. B 2.2 Policies B 2.2.1 Service Outside the City Limits To receive City wastewater service, property must be annexed to the City. The City Council may authorize exceptions to this policy provided it is found to be consistent with the General Plan. B 2.2.2 Service Capacity The City's wastewater collection system and Water Reclamation Resource Recovery Facility shall support population and related service demands consistent with the General Plan. B 2.2.3 Wastewater Service for New Development New development shall pay its proportionate or “fair share” of expanded treatment and collection system capacity and upgrades. New development will only be permitted if adequate capacity is available within the wastewater collection system and/or Water Reclamation Resource Recovery Facility. B 2.2.4 City as Exclusive Provider The City will be the only provider of public wastewater treatment within the City (but on-site pretreatment of wastewater to meet City Standards may be required). B 2.3 Programs B 2.3.1 Expand capacity in the City’s collection system and Water Reclamation Resource Recovery Facility in support of projected wastewater flows. B 2.3.2 Evaluate the potential for the wastewater flows of a proposed project to exceed the capacity of collection and treatment systems. B 2.3.3 The City will conduct periodic updates to its wastewater development impact fees. Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-31 WASTEWATER TREATMENT B 3.0 Background The Water Reclamation Resource Recovery Facility (WRF) processes wastewater in accordance with standards set by the State's Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB). The RWQCB issues a permit to the City under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), setting standards for the discharge of treated wastewater. The standards are to protect beneficial uses of the receiving water (San Luis Obispo Creek) including recreation, agricultural supply, and fish and wildlife habitat. The Water Resource Recovery Facility WRF removes solids, reduces the amount of nutrients, and eliminates bacteria in the treated wastewater which is then discharged into San Luis Obispo Creek. Solids are separated and treated, to create biosolids. Biosolids are beneficially reused as compost, and/or soil amendment. As described in Section A 7.0, the Water Resource Recovery Facility WRF has been producing tertiary treated recycled water for delivery to water customers in the City since 2006. The design phase for the upgrade of the Water Resource Recovery Facility is underway in 2016 with completion anticipated in 2020. The upgrade will enable the City to consider potable reuse, part of a One Water concept, in the future. B 3.1 Goals B 3.1.1 Wastewater treatment that meets or exceeds regulatory requirements and ensures the protection of public health and the environment. B 3.1.2 A high-quality, dependable recycled water supply that meets an increasing portion of the City’s non-potable demand. Maximize recycled water production. B 3.2 Policies B 3.2.1 Treating Wastewater The City will treat all wastewater in compliance with approved discharge permits. B 3.2.2 Recycled Water Production The City will produce high-quality, dependable recycled water, suitable for a wide range of non-potable uses. B 3.2.3 Beneficial Use The City will pursue treatment and disposal methods which provide for further beneficial use of wastewater and biosolids. B 3.3 Programs B 3.3.1 Prepare and implement Water Reclamation Resource Recovery Facility master plan consistent with regulatory requirements. B 3.3.2 Work cooperatively on regional water quality issues. Chapter 8 Page 8-32 COLLECTION SYSTEM B 4.0 Background The first sanitary sewers were built in San Luis Obispo in the late 1800s. Today portions of the collection system are over 100 years old. It includes nine lift stations, approximately 135 miles of gravity sewer line and three miles of force main. Approximately 2,900 manholes provide access to the collection system. The sewer lines are made of a variety of materials, including terra cotta salt-glazed pipe, vitrified clay pipe (VCP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and asbestos concrete. The City’s wastewater collection system requires maintenance to ensure uninterrupted flows and minimize sanitary sewer overflows. Area and preventive maintenance programs are regularly evaluated to ensure their effectiveness. The City also utilizes video inspection to prioritize problem areas for replacement, maintenance, assess overall mainline conditions, conduct inflow and infiltration evaluations, and assess new construction. The City issues discharge permits to and conducts inspections of facilities that have the potential to discharge pollutants in concentrations that could pose a threat to worker safety, the wastewater collection system, and/or the Water Reclamation Resource Recovery Facility. Through its Pretreatment Program, the City also implements programs to target constituents of special concern. Like most cities in California, San Luis Obispo has separate sewer and storm drain systems. This means each system of pipes in the ground is designed to accommodate either sewer or stormwater flows. One set of pipes takes sanitary waste to the Water Reclamation Resource Recovery Facility while a second set carries stormwater runoff from street drains directly into bioswales, detention basins, or creeks. The City’s wastewater collection system and the WRF have long experienced problems associated with wet weather infiltration and inflow (I & I). Inflow is water that enters the collection system at points of direct connection (non-soil) such as around manhole covers or through illegal connection of roof drains, downspouts, or landscape drains. Infiltration is water that flows through the ground into the collection system usually through cracks in public sewer mains and/or private sewer laterals (See Figure 5). I & I overloads the collection system during heavy rains and can result in sanitary sewer overflows. During periods of significant rain events, the Water Reclamation Resource Recovery Facility WRF can become hydraulically overwhelmed (as mentioned previously, instantaneous peak flows exceeding 20 mgd are not uncommon during storm events) increasing the chance of effluent violations and the release of partially treated wastewater to San Luis Obispo Creek. Table 6 includes data on the highest average daily flows experienced at the Water Resource Recovery Facility WRF during rain events over a nine-year period. Highest Average Daily Flows to the Water Reclamation Facility, 20016 to 200915 Table 8. Average Daily Flows 1 Year 15.41 mgd 2001 (March) 7.84 mgd 2002 (December) 9.96 mgd 2003 (March) 16.81 mgd 2004 (December) 15.95 mgd 2005 (January) 19.75 mgd 2006 (April) 7.24 mgd 2007(December) 9.83 mgd 2008 (January) 11.67 mgd 2009 (October) 13.51 mgd 2010 (December) 13.23 mgd 2011 (March Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-33 7.10 mgd 2012 (January) 5.17 mgd 2013 (January) 5.12 mgd 2014 (March) 5.24 mgd 2015 (February) Note: 1. Instantaneous peak flows are higher. 2. August dry weather flow to the WRF from 2001 to 2009 ranged from 3.44 mgd to 4.23 mgd. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2010. Figure 5 Inflow and Infiltration Illustrated Chapter 8 Page 8-34 B 4.1 Goal Collect and convey all wastewater under safe and sanitary conditions to the Water Reclamation Resource Recovery Facility. B 4.2 Policies B 4.2.1 Collection System Maintenance The City will manage the collection system to ensure that the proper level of maintenance is provided and that the flow in sanitary sewers does not exceed design capacity. B 4.2.2 Infiltration and Inflow The City will minimize stormwater and groundwater infiltration and inflow into the sewer system. B 4.3 Programs B 4.3.1 Investigate and carry out cost-effective methods for reducing infiltration and inflow into the wastewater collection system. B 4.3.2 Develop education and outreach materials to increase public awareness of problems associated with excessive infiltration and inflow (I & I) into the wastewater collection system and the City’s efforts to reduce I & I. B 4.3.3 Support the retrofit of commercial and residential sewer laterals to reduce infiltration and inflow into the wastewater collection system. B 4.3.4 Update the Sewer System Management Plan to maintain its applicability. B 4.3.5 Maintain, and revise as necessary, master plans for the extension of wastewater services to developing areas of the City and to ensure orderly replacement of aged infrastructure. B 4.3.6 Review development proposals to ensure new development does not adversely impact existing infrastructure and that necessary infrastructure will be in place to support the development. B 4.3.7 Provide a Pretreatment Program pursuant to the Clean Water Act to ensure that all discharge requirements are met. Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-35 Please see the next page. Chapter 8 WATER AND WASTEWATER Adopted: February 24, 1987 Planning Commission Draft May 2016 Last Revised: July 6, 2010 (Council Resolution No. 10197, 2010) Chapter 8 Page 8-2 Please see the next page. Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-3 CHAPTER 8 WATER AND WASTEWATER TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................... 8-5 A. WATER MANAGEMENT ...................................................................................................................................... 8-6 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................... 8-6 A 1.0 Background ............................................................................................................................................. 8-6 A 1.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................... 8-6 MULTI-SOURCE WATER SUPPLY ............................................................................................................................. 8-7 A 2.0 Background ............................................................................................................................................. 8-7 A 2.1 Goal ........................................................................................................................................................ 8-9 A 2.2 Policies .................................................................................................................................................... 8-9 A 2.3 Programs .............................................................................................................................................. 8-10 Water Resource Availability ..................................................................................................................................... 8-11 A 3.0 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 8-11 A 3.1 Goal ...................................................................................................................................................... 8-15 A 3.2 Policies .................................................................................................................................................. 8-15 A 3.3 Programs .............................................................................................................................................. 8-15 SILTATION .................................................................................................................................................................. 8-16 A 4.0 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 8-16 A 4.1 Goals ..................................................................................................................................................... 8-18 A 4.2 Policies .................................................................................................................................................. 8-18 A 4.3 Programs .............................................................................................................................................. 8-18 WATER SUPPLY ACCOUNTING AND DEMAND PROJECTION ............................................................................ 8-19 A 5.0 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 8-19 A 5.1 Goals ..................................................................................................................................................... 8-21 A 5.2 Policies .................................................................................................................................................. 8-21 A 5.3 Programs .............................................................................................................................................. 8-22 WATER CONSERVATION ......................................................................................................................................... 8-23 A 6.0 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 8-23 A 6.1 Goal ...................................................................................................................................................... 8-24 A 6.2 Policies .................................................................................................................................................. 8-24 A 6.3 Programs .............................................................................................................................................. 8-24 RECYCLED WATER ................................................................................................................................................... 8-25 A 7.0 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 8-25 A 7.1 Goals ..................................................................................................................................................... 8-27 A 7.2 Policies .................................................................................................................................................. 8-27 A 7.3 Programs .............................................................................................................................................. 8-27 B. WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT ....................................................................................................................... 8-28 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 8-28 B 1.0 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 8-28 B 1.1 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................. 8-28 WASTEWATER SERVICE .................................................................................................................................. 8-29 B 2.0 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 8-29 B 2.1 Goal ...................................................................................................................................................... 8-30 B 2.2 Policies .................................................................................................................................................. 8-30 B 2.3 Programs .............................................................................................................................................. 8-30 WASTEWATER TREATMENT ............................................................................................................................ 8-31 B 3.0 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 8-31 B 3.1 Goals ..................................................................................................................................................... 8-31 B 3.2 Policies .................................................................................................................................................. 8-31 B 3.3 Programs .............................................................................................................................................. 8-31 Chapter 8 Page 8-4 COLLECTION SYSTEM ...................................................................................................................................... 8-32 B 4.0 Background ........................................................................................................................................... 8-32 B 4.1 Goal ...................................................................................................................................................... 8-34 B 4.2 Policies .................................................................................................................................................. 8-34 B 4.3 Programs .............................................................................................................................................. 8-34 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Multi Source Water Supply .................................................................................................................. 8-8 Figure 2 Per Capita Water Use, 1985-2009 .................................................................................................... 8-20 Figure 3 Water Reuse Master Plan Area and Distribution System ................................................................. 8-26 Figure 4 October Dry-Weather Flows to the Water Reclamation Facility in Million Gallons per Day (MGD) . 8-29 Figure 5 Inflow and Infiltration Illustrated ......................................................................................................... 8-33 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. City Water Resource Availability ....................................................................................................... 8-11 Table 2. Annual Recycled Water Availability based on Influent Flow ............................................................. 8-14 Table 3. Whale Rock Reservoir Capacity Change Table 4. Reservoir Storage Capacity Table 3. Population and Water Use ................................................................................................................. 8-20 Table 45. 2010 Water Supply Accounting ......................................................................................................... 8-21 Table 5. Annual Recycled Water Usage.......................................................................................................... 8-27 Table 6. Highest Average Daily Flows to the Water Reclamation Facility, 2001 to 2009 ............................... 8-32 Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-5 INTRODUCTION The City's General Plan guides the use and protection of various resources to meet community purposes. It reflects consensus and compromise among a wide diversity of citizens' preferences, within a framework set by State law. The General Plan contains elements that address various topics. The City decided to adopt an element addressing water resources and wastewater services because of the vital role of these resources and the far-reaching impacts of water policies on community growth and character. This element translates the Land Use Element's capacity for development into potential demand for water supply and wastewater services. This element outlines how the City plans to provide adequate water and wastewater services for its citizens, consistent with the goals and policies of other General Plan elements. Before adopting or revising any General Plan element, the Planning Commission and the City Council must hold public hearings. The City publishes notices in the local newspaper and on the City’s website to let citizens know about the hearings at least ten days before they are held. Also, the City prepares environmental documents to help citizens understand the expected consequences of its planning policies before the hearings are held. Anyone may suggest or apply for amendments to General Plan elements. Chapter 8 Page 8-6 A. WATER MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION A 1.0 Background The original Water and Wastewater Management Element was adopted in 1987 around the time the City experienced its most severe drought period which lasted from 1986 to 1991. During this point in time mandatory water use restrictions were instituted and restrictions on new development were imposed. Following this period, the City pursued additional water supplies to meet the existing water needs of the community, as well as to fulfill the goals of the General Plan. The policies in the Water Management section of the Element were written in a manner to address the water scarcity issues the City was facing. With the addition of the Nacimiento Water Project to the City’s water portfolio, the City has an adequate water supply to serve the community’s existing and future water needs as defined by the General Plan. The 2010 revisions to the Water and Wastewater Management Element reflect the change in the water supply situation. The 2016 revisions to the Water and Wastewater Management Element are proposed to include a larger contractual water supply from Nacimiento Reservoir, to update the daily per capita water use assumption used in water supply accounting, and to reflect information from the Whale Rock Reservoir Bathymetric Survey and Volumetric Study completed in 2013. A 1.1 Purpose The Water Management section of the Element includes goals, policies, and programs related to water supply, demand, and other emerging issues. Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-7 MULTI-SOURCE WATER SUPPLY A 2.0 Background The City is the sole water purveyor within the city limits. This allows the City to maintain uniformity of water service and distribution standards, and to be consistent in developing and implementing water policy. As the sole water purveyor, the City maintains control over water quality, distribution, and service to users of the system, as well as ensuring consistency with the City's General Plan policies and goals. The Water Element of the General Plan, adopted in 1987, identified multiple water projects to meet projected short and long-term water demand. Having several sources of water avoids dependence on any one source that may not be available during a drought or other water supply reduction or emergency. There is usually greater reliability and flexibility if sources are of different types (such as surface water and groundwater) and if the sources of one type are in different locations (such as reservoirs in different watersheds). In November of 1990, the Council affirmed the multi-source concept. Consistent with the multi-source concept, the City obtains water from five sources: Salinas Reservoir (Santa Margarita Lake), Whale Rock Reservoir, Nacimiento Reservoir, recycled water from the City’s Water Reclamation Resource Recovery Facility (WRF), and groundwater. See Figure 1. Salinas Reservoir The Salinas Dam was built in 1941 by the War Department to supply water to Camp San Luis Obispo and, secondarily, to meet the water needs of the City of San Luis Obispo. The Salinas Reservoir (Santa Margarita Lake) captures water from a 112 square mile watershed and can store up to 23,843 acre-feet. In 1947, the Salinas Dam and delivery system was transferred from the regular Army to the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Since the late 40s or early 50s, the San Luis Obispo County Flood Control and Water Conservation District has operated this water supply for the City under a lease from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Water from the reservoir is pumped through the Cuesta Tunnel (a one-mile long tunnel through the mountains of the Cuesta Ridge) after which it flows by gravity to the City’s Water Treatment Plant on Stenner Creek Road. Whale Rock Reservoir The Whale Rock Reservoir is a 40,662 acre-foot reservoir created by the construction of an earthen dam on Old Creek near the town of Cayucos. The dam was designed and constructed by the State Department of Water Resources in 1961 to provide water to the City of San Luis Obispo, Cal Poly State University, and the California Men’s Colony. The Whale Rock Dam captures water from a 20.3 square mile watershed and water is delivered to the three agencies through 17.6 miles of 30-inch pipeline and two pumping stations. The City of San Luis Obispo owns 55.05 percent of the water storage rights at the reservoir. The remaining water storage rights are divided between the two State agencies with Cal Poly owning 33.71 percent and the California Men’s Colony owning 11.24 percent. Nacimiento Reservoir The Nacimiento Reservoir provides flood protection and is a source of supply for groundwater recharge for the Salinas Valley. It is owned and operated by the Monterey County Water Resources Agency. Since 1959, the San Luis Obispo County Flood Control and Water Conservation District has had an entitlement to 17,500 acre-feet per year (AFY) of water from the reservoir for use in San Luis Obispo County. Approximately 1,750 AFY have been designated for uses around the lake, leaving 15,750 AFY for allocation to other areas within the County of San Luis Obispo. Chapter 8 Page 8-8 Figure 1 Multi Source Water Supply Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-9 The County began construction in 2007 on a 45-mile pipeline project to deliver water from the Nacimiento Reservoir to five participating agencies and cities. The City has a contractual entitlement to 3,380 5,482 AFY of water from the project. Recycled Water Recycled water is highly treated wastewater approved for reuse by the California Department of Public Health for a variety of applications, including landscape irrigation and construction dust control. Completed in 2006, the Water Reuse Project created the first new source of water for the City since 1961 following construction of Whale Rock Dam. The Project resulted in improvements at the City’s Water Resource Recovery Reclamation Facility and an initial eight miles of distribution pipeline. The City’s first delivery of recycled water took place in 2006. The City estimates demand exists for approximately 1,000 acre feet of recycled water for landscape irrigation and other approved uses. Additional information is provided on recycled water in subsections A 3.0, A 7.0, and B 3.0 of this Element. Groundwater The groundwater basin beneath the City is relatively small and recharges very quickly following normal rainfall periods. The groundwater basin also lowers relatively quickly during periods of below-average rainfall. Extensive use of groundwater sustained the City through most of the drought of 1986-1991. However, tThe City’s two largest producing wells, the Auto Parkway and Denny’s (Calle Joaquin) wells, were shut down in 1992 and 1993 when elevated nitrate levels were detected. The City stopped utilizing the Pacific Beach well in April 2015. Due to new regulatory requirements, using the groundwater would require additional costly treatment before the water could be used. Additionally, portions of the groundwater basin are contaminated with a chemical solvent (tetrachloroethylene) which would require treatment facilities to remove. While the City does not currently utilize potable water from wells, this remains a viable option for future use. Private wells are in use in the City, such as the well operated by San Luis Coastal Unified School District at San Luis Obispo High School. The City operatesd one well for domestic potable water use that produces approximately 11 acre-feet per month or approximately two-percent of the City’s total water use. The City also maintains a non-potable well at the City’s Corporation Yard that is available for non-potable purposes by permit. for use by contractors for construction activities such as dust control and soil compaction. The City’s Laguna Lake Golf Course also has two wells that meet a portion of the irrigation demand for the course. The remainder of the irrigation demand for the golf course is met using recycled water from the City’s Water Resource Recovery Reclamation Facility. A 2.1 Goal Ensure a long-term, reliable water supply to meet both current and future water demand associated with development envisioned by the General Plan. A 2.2 Policies A 2.2.1 Multi-Source Water Supply The City shall utilize multiple water resources to meet its water supply needs. A 2.2.2 Water Service within the City A. The City will be the only purveyor of water within the City. B. Appropriate use of privately-owned wells is allowed on individual parcels. The use of the water from a well shall only be utilized on the parcel on which it is situated. Chapter 8 Page 8-10 A 2.3 Programs A 2.3.1 Work cooperatively on regional water issues and water resource planning (Water Resource Advisory Committee, Whale Rock Commission, etc.). A 2.3.2 Participate with the County of San Luis Obispo in the Integrated Regional Water Management Plan process. A 2.3.3 Participate with other appropriate agencies in controlling invasive species which could impact the City’s water supplies (i.e. quagga mussels). A 2.3.4 Work with appropriate agencies to minimize water quality impacts from new development and other activities in the watersheds of the City’s water supplies. A 2.3.5 Continue to work with the County of San Luis Obispo on the operation and maintenance of Salinas Reservoir and Nacimiento Water Project. A 2.3.6 Complete sanitary surveys for the Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs every five years. Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-11 Water Resource Availability A 3.0 Background As described in Section A 2.0, the City has five water resources to meet current and future City water demand: Salinas Reservoir (Santa Margarita Lake), Whale Rock Reservoir, Nacimiento Reservoir, recycled water from the City’s Water Resource Recovery Reclamation Facility, and groundwater. In order to ensure water supply reliability, the City must determine the amount of water available from these water resources on an annual basis. The method to determine the available yield from each resource varies based on water right, contractual agreement, or the amount of water actually supplied. For Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs the term “safe annual yield” is used to define the annual amount of water available from these two resources. The two reservoirs are operated in a coordinated manner to increase the available water. In contrast, the “dependable yield” from Nacimiento Reservoir is the contractual amount of water to which the City has rights. Since Nacimiento Reservoir is operated as a water supply project for Monterey County, the concept of safe annual yield is not used for the City’s contractual water supply from this source. For recycled water, the annual amount delivered is counted in the water availability calculation. Though groundwater is part of the City’s water portfolio, due to the limitations on its use, the City will does not consider this supply in estimating available water resources to meet community needs at this time. Another issue the City must address is the potential impact of climate change on the City’s water resources. Climate change could have a significant impact on future water availability in the form of droughts or increased siltation in reservoirs as a result of wildland fires which could affect the safe annual yield of the City’s reservoirs. As research on the topic continues, the City will monitor the potential for long-term impacts to its water supply resources. The following sections provide more detail about each water resource. Table 1 is a summary of the City’s available water resources. City Water Resource Availability Table 1. Water Resource 2010 2016 Annual Availability Salinas Reservoir (Santa Margarita Lake) and Whale Rock Reservoir 6,940 AF Safe Annual Yield Nacimiento Reservoir 3,380 AF 5,482 Contractual Limit Recycled Water 130 187 AF 200915 Annual Usage Siltation to 2060 (500 AF) Policy A 4.2.2 TOTAL 9,950 12,109 AF Note: The quantity of recycled water included as part of the City’s available water resources identified above, is the actual prior year’s recycled water usage (200915), per Policy A 7.2.2. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2010 2016. Chapter 8 Page 8-12 Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs For Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs the term “safe annual yield” is used to define the quantity of water which can be withdrawn every year, under critical drought conditions. The safe annual yield available from Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs is estimated by simulating the operation of these two water supply sources over a historical period to determine the maximum level of demand that could be met during the most severe drought for which records are available. The two reservoirs are operated in a coordinated manner to maximize the available water from these sources. Salinas Reservoir fills and spills every two to three years due to its larger drainage area and more favorable runoff characteristics, yet has higher evaporation rates. Whale Rock Reservoir fills much less frequently. The combined yield from the two reservoirs can be maximized by utilizing water from Salinas as the City’s primary source, and using Whale Rock as a backup source during periods when Salinas is below minimum pool or unable to meet all of the demand. This approach increases the long-term water supply from these two sources. Safe annual yield analyses of water supply sources are based on rainfall, evaporation, and stream flow experienced during a historical period. The City’s safe annual yield analysis utilizes data from 1943 through 1991 including drought periods in 1946-51, 1959-61, 1976-77, and 1986-91. Although future conditions are unlikely to occur in the precise sequence and magnitudes as have occurred historically, this technique provides a conservative estimate of the future water supply capability of the existing sources, since the long-term historical record is considered a good indicator of future conditions. In 1988, the City contracted with the engineering firm of Leedshill-Herkenhoff, Inc., to prepare a detailed analysis of the City's water supplies and create a computer model to determine safe annual yield, based on coordinated operation of the two reservoirs. The report Coordinated Operations Study for Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs was completed in 1989. Key assumptions used in the 1988 model were that the "controlling drought period" was from 1946 to 1951 and that the City only used Whale Rock Reservoir when Salinas was below minimum pool or could not meet the City’s monthly demand. The study also assumed a minimum pool at Salinas and Whale Rock of 400 and 500 acre-feet respectively. The minimum pool at each lake is the amount of water that must be left in the lake for fishery and habitat resources. The current minimum pool established for each lake is 2,000 acre feet. The study estimated the City’s total safe annual yield from the two reservoirs to be 9,080 acre-feet per year. This amount was never adopted by Council since the study period was only to 1988 and the City was then in a drought period of unknown length. In 1991, staff updated the computer model to examine the impact of the 1986-1991 drought on safe annual yield and revise the assumptions on the amount of water used from Whale Rock Reservoir each year to more accurately reflect the way the City actually used that resource. The analysis determined that the 1986-91 drought was the critical drought of record for the two reservoirs. These revised assumptions resulted in a reduction in the safe annual yield estimate. The City’s safe annual yield for 2010, from the coordinated operation of Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs is 6,940 acre feet. This includes reductions due to siltation at both reservoirs to the year 2010. Future losses due to siltation are addressed in Section 4.0 of this Element. Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-13 Nacimiento Reservoir The “dependable yield” from Nacimiento Reservoir is the contractual amount of water that the City has rights to from Nacimiento Reservoir. This amount is 5,482 3,380 acre-feet per year. The San Luis Obispo County Flood Control and Water Conservation District (County) has held an entitlement to 17,500 acre-feet of water from Nacimiento Lake since 1959. Since that time, a small portion has been dedicated for uses in the immediate areas around the Lake. Several times in the past, the County has evaluated opportunities for utilizing water to meet identified needs throughout the County. In the early 1990’s, the City was facing dire drought conditions and dwindling water supplies and was considering building an emergency water supply project on its own to provide a new water source. The City requested the County allocate 3,000 acre feet to the City on a permanent basis. While the County denied this request, this triggered the initiation of investigations on a county-wide basis for separate contracts for use of the available water from Nacimiento Reservoir. Engineering studies, environmental impact reports, dependable yield analyses, and preliminary design reports were undertaken in an effort to meet the various water needs within the County. In 2004, the County requested interested agencies to approve the contractual agreements for participation in the Nacimiento Project. The four initial project participants included the cities of San Luis Obispo and Paso Robles, the Atascadero Mutual Water Company, and the Templeton Community Services District. All of these agencies executed participation agreements with San Luis Obispo County for entitlements of water which totaled 9,630 acre feet. Since 2004, the County Service Area 10A, which serves the southern portion of Cayucos, has become a project participant (25 AFY). In addition, 1,750 acre-feet was reserved for uses around the lake. On June 29, 2004, the City Council authorized participation in the Nacimiento Water Project for the delivery of 3,380 acre-feet of water. This amount is considered to be the City’s dependable yield from this water source and will be utilized to meet existing and future water demands based on analyses prepared during the Nacimiento Project planning process (“Nacimiento Reservoir Reliability as a Water Source for San Luis Obispo County”, Boyle Engineering Corporation, October 2002). In March 2016, the City Council approved the addition of 2,102 acre feet per year from Nacimiento Reservoir to the City’s secondary water supply. Secondary water supplies are used to meet short-term losses to the City’s water supply due to events such as drought, pipeline maintenance, and repair of infrastructure. With uncertainty of future climatic conditions, regulation and aging infrastructure, the additional supply of Nacimiento water to the City’s portfolio reduces pressure on use of water supplies in the Whale Rock and Salinas reservoirs. It would serve to extend these stored supplies during critical water shortage periods. Recycled Water With an average influent flow of just under 4.6 2.74 million gallons per day (2009) in 2015, the City’s Water Resource Recovery Reclamation Facility produces over 5,100 3,000 acre-feet of disinfected tertiary-treated effluent per year. A minimum of 1,807 acre-feet is discharged to San Luis Obispo Creek annually to provide satisfactory habitat and flow volume for fish species (steelhead trout) within the San Luis Obispo Creek environment. The balance makes up the City’s available recycled water resource (See Table 2) which is available for approved uses including: Landscape and golf course irrigation Wetlands, wildlife habitat, stream augmentation Groundwater recharge Toilet flushing Vehicle washing Chapter 8 Page 8-14 Surface irrigation of orchards and vineyards Landscape impoundments Industrial cooling processes Food crop irrigation Annual Recycled Water Availability based on Influent Flow Table 2. Average Influent Flow to WRF (MGD) Treated Effluent Produced (AFY) Minimum Average Daily Creek Release (MGD)1 Minimum Annual Creek Release (AFY) Average Daily Recycled Water Availability (MGD) Annual Recycled Water Availability (AFY) 2009 Avg. Flow 4.596 5,148 1.6129 1,807 2.9831 3,341 Flow at WRF Capacity 5.20 5,825 1.6129 1,807 3.5871 4,018 Flow at General Plan Buildout 2 5.80 6,497 1.6129 1,807 4.1871 4,690 Notes: 1. As a condition of approval of the City's Water Reuse Project by the National Marine Fisheries Service in 2005, the City is required to maintain a minimum average daily release, year-round, of treated effluent to San Luis Obispo Creek at a rate of 2.5 cubic feet per second (cfs), or 1.6129 million gallons per day (mgd) to provide satisfactory habitat and flow volume for anadromous fish species (steelhead trout) within the San Luis Obispo Creek environment. This totals a minimum of 1,807 acre feet per year. The City monitors the release of effluent through an effluent meter at the WRF and a stream gauge in San Luis Obispo Creek. 2. Master planning for the expansion of the WRF to accommodate General Plan buildout is underway in 2010. When the WRF is expanded in the future it will have an estimated treatment capacity of 5.8 mgd. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2010. Average Influent Flow to WRF (MGD) Treated Effluent Produced (AFY) Minimum Average Daily Creek Release (MGD)1 Minimum Annual Creek Release (AFY) Average Daily Recycled Water Availability (MGD) Annual Recycled Water Availability (AFY) 1 2015 Average Flow 2.74 3,066 1.6129 1,807 1.13 1,259 Future Flow at WRRF Design Capacity 5.4 5,966 1.6129 1,807 3.79 4,159 NOTES: 1. 2015 data was derived from WRRF average monthly influent data. Future annual recycled water volume is based on the design capacity of the WRRF of 5.4 mgd in the design phase in 2016. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2016. At this time (2010), the City assumes that irrigation will continue to be the primary use of recycled water. Based on a market assessment, potential customer surveys, and water demand estimates for the Margarita, Airport, and Orcutt Specific Plan areas the City estimates that demand will exist for approximately 1,000 acre-feet of recycled water annually. Irrigation demand is seasonal, with approximately 60 percent of recycled water deliveries occurring over a three-month period (June through August). Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-15 The design phase for the upgrade of the WRRF is underway in 2016 to accommodate General Plan buildout and maximize recycled water production. The upgrade will enable the City to consider potable reuse in the future. Additional background information on recycled water, as well as applicable goals, policies and programs, is provided in subsection A 7.0 of the Water Section and subsection B 3.0 of the Wastewater Management Section. A 3.1 Goal Manage the City’s water resources to meet the current and future water demand requirements associated with development envisioned by the General Plan. A 3.2 Policies A 3.2.1 Basis for Planning The City will plan for future development through the Land Use Element taking into consideration available water resources from the Salinas, Whale Rock, and Nacimiento Reservoirs and recycled water. A 3.2.2 Coordinated Operation The City will coordinate the operation of the Salinas, Whale Rock, and Nacimiento Reservoirs to maximize available water resources. A 3.2.3 Groundwater Due to limitations for the use of the groundwater resources, the The City will continue to use groundwater for domestic purposes when available., but will not consider this source of supply as part of its water resource availability. A 3.3 Programs A 3.3.1 An update on the water resource availability will be presented to the City Council as part of an annual Water Resources Status Report. A 3.3.2 The City will update the safe annual yield computer model for Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs following severe drought periods to determine if any changes are necessary to the safe annual yield amount. A 3.3.3 The City will monitor ongoing research on the potential for long-term impacts associated with climate change to water supply resources. Chapter 8 Page 8-16 SILTATION A 4.0 Background Siltation at reservoirs is a natural occurrence that can reduce the storage capacity over long periods. The reduction of available storage reduces the safe annual yield of the reservoirs. Siltation at reservoirs varies depending on factors such as rainfall intensity and watershed management practices. Numerous studies and reports addressing siltation at Salinas Reservoir have been completed, but no studies have been done for Whale Rock Reservoir. The Whale Rock Reservoir Bathymetric Survey and Volumetric Study was completed in May 2013. During the drought period ending in 1991, water at Salinas Reservoir fell to record low levels. Recognizing the unique opportunity presented by the low water level, the County of San Luis Obispo contracted with a local engineering consultant to provide an aerial survey of the lake and prepare revised storage capacity information. Early studies indicated average annual siltation rates from 23 acre-feet per year to 34 acre-feet per year. The study done by the U.S. Geological Survey in 1975 estimated that the siltation rate was approximately 82 acre-feet per year. The 1990 analysis conducted by the County of San Luis Obispo indicates that the siltation rate is on the order of 40 acre-feet per year. It should be noted that siltation impacts to the reservoirs are a long-term impact to the resources and should be considered in the City’s long range plans for adequate water resources. At an annual siltation rate of 40 AFY at each reservoir, it would take approximately 530 years to fill up the Salinas Reservoir and 960 years to fill up Whale Rock Reservoir. Siltation does not occur uniformly over time but the situation should continue to be monitored into the future. The City has recognized the need to evaluate the siltation rates at Whale Rock Reservoir and has identified funding in fiscal year 2011-12 to conduct the study. Since no information is available to indicate what rate of siltation is occurring at the Whale Rock Reservoir at this point, it is assumed for planning purposes that the annual average rate of siltation is similar to Salinas Reservoir. The purpose of the 2013 bathymetric survey and volumetric study at Whale Rock Reservoir was to determine the level of siltation that has occurred in the reservoir since the dam’s completion in 1961. The study concluded that sedimentation has reduced reservoir capacity by 4.2 percent in 52 years as shown in Table 3 and 4. Whale Rock Reservoir Capacity Change Table 3. 1961 Capacity: 40,662 Acre-Ft @ Spillway ELV 216.0 NGVD29 2013 Capacity: 38,967 Acre-Ft @ Spillway ELV 218.3 NAVD88 Capacity Loss due to Siltation: 1,695 Acre-Ft Difference in Years: 52 Years Siltation Rate: 32.6 Acre-Ft/Year Percentage Capacity Loss: 4.2% Source: Whale Rock Reservoir Bathymetric Survey and Volumetric Study, 2013. Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-17 Reservoir Storage Capacity Table 4. Agency % Entitlement Original Storage Capacity (AF) Revised Storage Capacity (AF) Difference (AF) Revised Total Available Water * (AF) City of San Luis Obispo 55.05 22,384 21,451 933 20,350 Cal Poly 33.71 13,707 13,136 571 12,462 CMC 11.24 4,570 4,380 191 4,155 Total 100 % 40,662 AF 38,967 AF 1,695 AF 36,967 AF Source: Whale Rock Reservoir Bathymetric Survey and Volumetric Study, 2013. *Total Available Water is agency share of reservoir storage capacity minus agency proportional share of minimum pool requirements. The safe annual yield from the two reservoirs will be continually reduced as a result of siltation. The City’s computer model can be is used to calculate the reduction in safe annual yield from Salinas and Whale Rock reservoirs to-date, which is reflected in the safe annual yield amount in Section A 3.0 which accounts for estimated siltation losses to 2010. Since the storage capacity for Salinas Reservoir was last estimated in 1990, the annual loss of 40 acre-feet per year can be applied from that date. However, since siltation at Whale Rock Reservoir has never been factored into the total available water storage, the loss of 40 acre-feet per year would apply to the period since the reservoir was constructed in 1961. The estimated loss in storage capacity for Salinas Reservoir between 1990 and 2010 is 800 acre-feet. The estimated loss at Whale Rock Reservoir between 1961 and 20103 is was 1,960 1,695 acre-feet. Based on these reduced storage capacities, the computer model was used to estimate the safe annual yield from the combined operation of the two reservoirs. With an estimated loss of 40 acre-feet per year at each reservoir, the total safe annual yield from the two reservoirs is estimated to be reduced by 10 acre-feet per year. Chapter 8 Page 8-18 A 4.1 Goals A 4.1.1 Accurately account for siltation in the Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs. A 4.1.2 Recognize and account for future projected water losses due to siltation at Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs. A 4.2 Policies A 4.2.1 Accounting for Past Siltation The City shall account for siltation losses that have occurred to date (2010) in the safe annual yield from Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs. A 4.2.2 Accounting for Future Siltation The City will account for estimated safe annual yield losses at Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs for the next 50 years ( through 2060) by deducting 500 acre feet of available water supplies to account for these future losses. The siltation rate will be updated as information becomes available from subsequent siltation analyses. A 4.3 Programs A 4.3.1 Work cooperatively with other agencies and/or watershed management groups, including the County of San Luis Obispo and Resource Conservation Districts, implementing best management practices (BMPs) to reduce erosion and subsequent siltation consistent with other City watershed management goals and water quality objectives included in the Conservation and Open Space Element. A 4.3.2 Continue public education and outreach to property owners in the watersheds above the reservoirs to encourage practices that reduce erosion and other practices that could impact siltation or water quality in the reservoirs. A 4.3.3 Consider periodic siltation studies at each reservoir to evaluate and document the impacts associated with siltation. A 4.3.4 An update on siltation at the City’s reservoirs will be provided to the City Council as part of the annual Water Resources Status Report. Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-19 WATER SUPPLY ACCOUNTING AND DEMAND PROJECTION A 5.0 Background The City is located in a Mediterranean climate that is prone to drought. As a result, the City has experienced serious water supply deficits. In 1991, during an extended drought, the community was within 18 months of running out of water in Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs. In fact, Salinas Reservoir was below minimum pool and was not available to the City toward the end of this drought period. In 1996, citizens voted to incorporate Section 909 into the City’s Charter identifying a water reliability reserve. In an effort to reduce the impacts of drought on the community, the City Council has enacted numerous water policies to strengthen its water resources portfolio. The City will account for water supplies necessary to meet three specific community needs:1) primary water supply, 2) reliability reserve, and 3) secondary water supply. 1. Primary water supply is the amount needed to meet the General Plan build-out of the City. The quantity of water needed for the City’s primary water supply needs is calculated using a ten-year average of actual per-capita water use and the City’s build-out population. 2. Reliability reserve provides a buffer for future unforeseen or unpredictable long-term impacts to the City’s available water resources such as loss of yield from an existing water supply source and impacts due to climate change. 3. Secondary water supply is the amount needed to meet peak water demand periods or short-term loss of City water supply sources. The City’s secondary water supply is identified as any water supply resources above those needed to meet the primary water supply and reliability reserve. In order to support growth projections and other goals of the General Plan, the City must project how much water will be needed to serve residents, businesses, and other users. This can be done by using different methods, all of which involve assumptions about future usage rates and the numbers and types of users expected in the future. There will always be some uncertainty in estimating development capacity (such as the number of dwellings or residents) as well as the usage per customer type (such as acre-feet per dwelling or per resident). The estimating method must use reasonable assumptions, based on experience, to assure an adequate level of water supply while not overstating demands. As shown in Figure 2, the City’s historical per capita usage water use has ranged from a high of 182 gallons per capita per day (gpcd) in 1987 to a low of 86 gpcd in 1991 (during mandatory water rationing). To project the City’s primary water supply and reliability reserve into the future, an average per capita water use rate will be used, moderated by the use of the ten-year running average to normalize weather events. In 2010, the ten-year average is 123.2 gpcd as shown in Table 3, Population and Water Use the City will use 117 gpcd which is the maximum allowed per capita water use under Senate Bill X7-7. This water use rate is used with the City’s build- out population and current population to project the primary water supply and reliability reserve. The City’s remaining water resources make up secondary water supply, as shown in Table 4. Chapter 8 Page 8-20 Figure 2 Per Capita Water Use, 1985-2009 Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2010. Population and Water Use Table 5. Year City of San Luis Obispo Population 1 Total Water Use (acre feet) 2 Per Capita Water Use (gpcd) 2 2000 44,179 6,121 124 2001 44,347 5,886 118 2002 44,482 6,032 121 2003 44,357 5,968 120 2004 44,298 6,239 126 2005 44,687 6,098 122 2006 44,559 5,999 120 2007 44,433 6,488 130 2008 44,579 6,375 128 2009 44,829 6,157 123 Ten-year Average: 123.2 Sources: 1. State of CA, Department of Finance, E-4 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties and the State, 2001-2010, with 2000 Benchmark. Sacramento, CA, May 2010. 2. City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2010. Figure 2: Per Capita Water Use, 1985-2009 177 181 182 175 117 89 86 98 103 106 121 125 133 124 130 124 121 120 126 122 130 128 123118120 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 Year Ga l l o n s / C a p i t a / D a y Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-21 2010 Water Supply Accounting Table 6. Proposed Water Supply Accounting and Demand Projections (City Buildout Population * 117 gpcd * 365 days) / 325,851 gallons = Primary Water Supply + 20% of Current City Population * 117 gpcd * 365 days) / 325,851 gallons = Reliability Reserve + All Remaining Supplies Secondary Water Supply = Annual Availability Total1 Primary Water Supply2 Reliability Reserve3 Secondary Water Supply4 9,950 acre-feet 7,894 acre-feet 1,241 acre-feet 816 acre-feet Notes: 1. The “Total” water supply for 2010 is identified in Table 1. It includes safe annual yield from Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs, contractual limit from Nacimiento Reservoir, annual recycled water usage for 20092015, and deducts siltation losses at Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs to 2060. 2. Primary Water Supply was is calculated using the City’s buildout population (57,200, per Land Use Element, Table 2, Anticipated City Population Growth, 2006) and the water use rate of 123.2 117 gallons per capita per day (a ten-year running average of the City’s actual per capita water use), per policy A 5.2.2. 3. Reliability Reserve was calculated using the City’s 2010 population (44,948, per CA Dept. of Finance, E-4 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties and the State, 2001-2010, with 2000 Benchmark. Sacramento, CA, May 2010) and 20 percent of the water use rate of 123.2 117 gallons per capita per day (a ten-year running average of the City’s actual per capita water use), per policy A 5.2.3. 4. Secondary Water Supply includes the remaining water resources available in 2010, identified in Table 1, per policy A 5.2.4. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 20106. A 5.1 Goals A 5.1.1 Identify and meet the City’s multi- source water supply needs. A 5.1.2 Accurately forecast future water demand for planning purposes. A 5.2 Policies A 5.2.1 Water Use Rate The City will calculate utilize the per capita water use rate based on a ten-year running average of the City’s actual per capita water use allowed by Senate Bill X7-7 for projecting future potable water demand established as 117 gallons per capita per day. A 5.2.2 Primary Water Supply The City shall establish the amount of water needed for General Plan build-out using the water use rate established in Policy A 5.2.1 multiplied by the projected General Plan build-out population identified in the Land Use Element. A 5.2.3 Reliability Reserve The City will establish a reliability reserve that is 20-percent of the water use rate established in Policy A 5.2.1 multiplied by the current population. The water supply designated as the reliability reserve may not be used to serve future development. Chapter 8 Page 8-22 A 5.2.4 Secondary Water Supply After accounting for primary water supply and a reliability reserve, any remaining water supplies shall be utilized for meeting short-term water supply shortages or peak water demands. A 5.2.5 Paying for Water for New Development New development shall pay its proportionate or “fair share” for water supplies, expanded treatment and distribution system capacity and upgrades. A 5.3 Programs A 5.3.1 An update on water supply accounting and demand projections will be presented to the City Council as part of the annual Water Resources Status Report. A 5.3.2 The City will conduct periodic updates to water development impact fees. A 5.3.3 Prepare and update the Urban Water Management Plan every five years as required by the State. A 5.3.4 Analyze and prepare water supply assessments for large new developments in accordance with State law. A 5.3.5 Analyze the impacts of water efficiency programs and services to reduce overall water demand within the City Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-23 WATER CONSERVATION A 6.0 Background Water conservation was first referenced as a part of the City's water management policy in 1973. In 1985, the City adopted the Annual Water Operational Plan policy establishing water conservation as a means of extending water supplies during projected water shortages. Since 1985, many technological and philosophical changes have occurred which are proving water conservation to be both a short-term corrective measure for immediate water supply shortages and a long-term solution to water supply reliability. Because of the experience during the drought of 1986 to 1991, the City developed a Water Shortage Contingency Plan (Plan) to deal with immediate, short-term water shortages. The Plan is designed to require mandatory actions when there is a projected three five year supply of water remaining from available water resources. The Plan uses a combination of water allocations based on customer classification and water use surcharges for exceeding the allocation as a means to decrease water use during critical water shortages. For instance, residential customers are given a water allocation based on the average water use for multi- or single-family households having three occupants. If there are more residents, additional water may be allocated with sufficient proof. Commercial customers are allocated water either by a reduction based on their historical water use or by the average water use by business type. Surcharges for exceeding a water allocation results in their bill either doubling or tripling depending on the actual amount of water used. The Plan is also a required component of the City’s Urban Water Management Plan which is updated every five years per State Water Code. The Water Conservation Act of 2009, Senate Bill X7-7 (SB X7-7), was incorporated into the California Water Code in 2009. The legislation directs urban water suppliers to adopt one of four methods to determine their urban water use target. The method selected by the City corresponds to the Central Coast hydrologic region. The Central Coast region’s 2020 target of 117 gallons per capita per day is the lowest in the state. The City also recognizes the importance of long-term water efficiency by supporting programs that will enhance water supply reliability and comply with any current and/or future state mandates in water use reductions. In 2009, Senate Bill X7-7 was passed requiring water agencies to reduce per capita water use by 20 percent by the year 2020. There are three options (with a fourth being developed) on how to determine the year 2020 target for the City. Using the methodology which best corresponds to the City’s situation and recognizes the City’s past investment in conservation, the City’s target per capita water use would be 117 gpcd which is an additional five percent reduction from 2010 per capita water use. In terms of water supply reliability the City was one of the original signatories to the Memorandum of Understanding Regarding Urban Water Conservation (MOU) and has actively pursued the implementation of the water efficiency best management practices (BMPs) prescribed in the MOU. The MOU was a negotiated agreement between water purveyors statewide and environmental organizations on how best to utilize the State’s water resources by incorporating conservation into their water management practices. The BMPs have been developed over the years by water purveyors, environmental groups, and industry stakeholders. They represent the best available water conservation practices based on research and experience and include: Water conservation pricing and rate structures Technical assistance for water customers Incentives for indoor and outdoor water saving technologies Public information and outreach Water audits Chapter 8 Page 8-24 Additionally, the City has adopted the Ahwahnee Principles as part of the General Plan’s Conservation and Open Space Element (COSE). The water conservation components of the principles align with both the indoor and outdoor water conservation BMPs. In the future, the City will reevaluate and update its water conservation efforts in response to changing water demand, supplies, technology, and economic conditions. A 6.1 Goal The efficient use of the City’s water resources to protect both short- and long-term water supply reliability. A 6.2 Policies A 6.2.1 Long-term Water Efficiency The City will implement water-efficiency programs which are consistent with accepted best management practices and comply with any State-mandated water use reductions. A 6.2.2 Short-term Water Shortages Mandatory water conservation measures as described in the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan will be implemented when the City's water supplies are projected to last three five years or less. A 6.3 Programs A 6.3.1 Work cooperatively with other San Luis Obispo County water agencies to identify cooperative water efficiency measures that can be implemented in each jurisdiction. A 6.3.2 Participate in State and regional water conservation efforts and research and development opportunities. A 6.3.3 Implement the Water Shortage Contingency Plan as required. Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-25 RECYCLED WATER A 7.0 Background Water recycling was envisioned as part of the City’s overall water supply strategy since the 1980’s. In 1994, the City completed a major capital improvement project at the Water Resource Recovery Reclamation Facility that included addition of tertiary treatment and other unit processes required to meet stringent effluent quality limits intended to protect and enhance the receiving waters of San Luis Obispo Creek. While a municipal water reuse program was envisioned at the time of this upgrade, the City did not receive regulatory approvals for diversion of treated effluent for off-site landscape irrigation and other approved uses until 2002. The City’s 2004 Water Reuse Master Plan identifies the areas of the City to be served with recycled water (See Figure 3, Water Reuse Master Plan Area and Distribution System), as well as potential customers and anticipated future recycled water demand. The City completed construction of the Water Reuse Project in 2006 which included: A diversion structure and modulating control valve to split the effluent flow between the recycled water tank and San Luis Obispo Creek. A new 220,000-gallon chlorine contact tank to meet recycled water disinfection requirements which differ from those for discharge to San Luis Obispo Creek. A new 600,000 gallon buried concrete recycled water storage tank to provide the storage necessary for operation of the distribution system. A pump station to deliver recycled water into the distribution system. It included two 40-horsepower and three 120-horsepower variable speed pumps and was designed to accommodate two additional 120 horsepower pumps for a future capacity expansion. The Water Reuse Project also included the initial eight miles of the recycled water distribution system with two main branches, as described below: West Branch: The west branch extends west from the WRF under Highway 101, then along Calle Joaquin to Los Osos Valley Road (LOVR) to near the westerly city limits on LOVR. There is a secondary branch which extends from LOVR along Madonna Road to Laguna Lake Park. East Branch: The east branch begins at the WRF and follows Prado Road easterly to the city limits, then along existing easements to Broad Street, thence southerly along Broad to Tank Farm Road, then easterly to the terminus at Islay Hills Park. Recycled water deliveries began in October 2006. In 2009, recycled water was delivered to 17 sites with total usage over 130 acre feet per year (See Table 5). Additional sites continue to be connected to the recycled water distribution system through retrofits of existing irrigation systems as well as the irrigation systems associated with new development in the area. In the future, recycled water will be delivered to development in the Airport, Margarita, and Orcutt specific plan areas and is being considered with development proposals for the Avila Ranch, San Luis Ranch, and Madonna on LOVR specific plans. Recycled water will be used for the irrigation of parks, streetscape, and median landscaping, common area (homeowners association) landscaping, and landscaping in commercial centers, industrial areas, and business parks. Chapter 8 Page 8-26 Figure 3 Water Reuse Master Plan Area and Distribution System Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-27 Annual Recycled Water Usage Table 7. Calendar Year Annual Recycled Water Usage (in acre-feet) Number of Sites Using Recycled Water 2006 7.69 1 1 2007 62.36 10 2008 95.75 11 2009 137.36 2 17 Notes: 1. Partial year data reported, October through December 2006. 2. The City initiated a Construction Water Permit Program (CWPP) on July 1, 2009. Recycled water usage associated with the CW PP is included with annual recycled water usage. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2010. A 7.1 Goals A 7.1.1 MaximizeUtilize recycled water for all approved purposes non-potable purposes, thereby offsetting the use of potable water. A 7.1.2 Maximize the use of the City’s available recycled water supply for approved uses. A 7.2 Policies A 7.2.1 Recycled Water Supply The City will make available recycled water to substitute for existing potable water uses as allowed by law and to supply new non-potable uses. A 7.2.2 Accounting for Recycled Water The City will add total recycled water usage from the prior year to the City’s water resource availability on an annual basis. A 7.3 Programs A 7.3.1 Expand the recycled water distribution system to serve customers in the Water Reuse Master Plan area. A 7.3.2 Review development proposals for projects within the Water Reuse Master Plan area to ensure recycled water is utilized for appropriate uses. A 7.3.3 Annual recycled water usage will be presented to the City Council as part of the annual Water Resources Status Report and will be added to the City’s water resource availability per policy A 3.2.1. A 7.3.4 Consider the potential to deliver available recycled water supplies to customers outside the city limits, including analysis of policy issues, technical concerns, and cost recovery, provided it is found to be consistent with the General Plan. A 7.3.5 Continue to explore potable reuse consistent with statewide regulations. Chapter 8 Page 8-28 B. WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT INTRODUCTION B 1.0 Background The Wastewater Management section was first incorporated into the Water and Wastewater Management Element of the General Plan in 1987. The City owns and operates, under regulatory permits, a wastewater collection system and a water reclamation resource recovery facility that produces recycled water. In order to adequately maintain the systems, meet the needs of the community, and meet increasingly stringent regulations the City implements infrastructure replacement and upgrade projects at the Water Reclamation Resource Recovery Facility (WRF) and throughout the wastewater collection system. It also has a pretreatment program. The 2016 revisions include updated data related to the City’s wastewater flows. B 1.1 Purpose This section of the Water and Wastewater Management Element establishes goals, policies, and programs to ensure provision of adequate sanitary sewer infrastructure and wastewater treatment capacity to accommodate existing and future development in order to protect public health, human safety, and the environment. Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-29 WASTEWATER SERVICE B 2.0 Background The City is the sole provider of wastewater service within the City. The service provides collection and treatment for residential, commercial, and industrial users on properties within the city limits. In 2010, the number of service connections is estimated to be 14,400. Through agreement, the City also provides service to the San Luis Obispo campus of California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly) and the County of San Luis Obispo Airport. The collection system is primarily a gravity flow system. Where gravity flow is not feasible due to the topography, wastewater lift stations and pressurized force mains are used to move wastewater to the City’s Water Resource Recovery Reclamation Facility (WRF) on Prado Road. Sewer pipelines measure from six inches to 48 inches in diameter. As shown in Figure 4, dry-weather flow to the WRRF over the past nine years has ranged from 4.08 mgd to 5.12 mgd during October. In 2010, tThe WRRF is designed for an average dry-weather flow of 5.12 million gallons per day (mgd). Instantaneous peak flows exceeding 20 mgd are not uncommon during storm events due to infiltration and inflow into the wastewater collection system, discussed further in subsection B 4.0. As the City grows to its build-out population outlined in the Land Use Element, the average dry-weather flow of wastewater is expected to reach 5.84 mgd. In 20106, master planning for the expansion of the WRRF to accommodate General Plan buildout is underway. When the WRRF is expanded in the future it will have an estimated a treatment capacity of 5.84 mgd. Figure 4 October Dry-Weather Flows to the Water Reclamation Facility in Million Gallons per Day (MGD) 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 6.00 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Year Mi l l i o n G a l l o n s p e r D a y Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, Water Reclamation Facility, Influent Flow Data for October 2001-2009. The City utilizes October data to ensure the consideration of the City’s student population when forecasting future dry-weather flows. Chapter 8 Page 8-30 B 2.1 Goal Adequate wastewater collection and treatment service to meet the long-term needs of the City. B 2.2 Policies B 2.2.1 Service Outside the City Limits To receive City wastewater service, property must be annexed to the City. The City Council may authorize exceptions to this policy provided it is found to be consistent with the General Plan. B 2.2.2 Service Capacity The City's wastewater collection system and Water Reclamation Resource Recovery Facility shall support population and related service demands consistent with the General Plan. B 2.2.3 Wastewater Service for New Development New development shall pay its proportionate or “fair share” of expanded treatment and collection system capacity and upgrades. New development will only be permitted if adequate capacity is available within the wastewater collection system and/or Water Reclamation Resource Recovery Facility. B 2.2.4 City as Exclusive Provider The City will be the only provider of public wastewater treatment within the City (but on-site pretreatment of wastewater to meet City Standards may be required). B 2.3 Programs B 2.3.1 Expand capacity in the City’s collection system and Water Reclamation Resource Recovery Facility in support of projected wastewater flows. B 2.3.2 Evaluate the potential for the wastewater flows of a proposed project to exceed the capacity of collection and treatment systems. B 2.3.3 The City will conduct periodic updates to its wastewater development impact fees. Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-31 WASTEWATER TREATMENT B 3.0 Background The Water Reclamation Resource Recovery Facility (WRF) processes wastewater in accordance with standards set by the State's Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB). The RWQCB issues a permit to the City under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), setting standards for the discharge of treated wastewater. The standards are to protect beneficial uses of the receiving water (San Luis Obispo Creek) including recreation, agricultural supply, and fish and wildlife habitat. The Water Resource Recovery Facility WRF removes solids, reduces the amount of nutrients, and eliminates bacteria in the treated wastewater which is then discharged into San Luis Obispo Creek. Solids are separated and treated, to create biosolids. Biosolids are beneficially reused as compost, and/or soil amendment. As described in Section A 7.0, the Water Resource Recovery Facility WRF has been producing tertiary treated recycled water for delivery to water customers in the City since 2006. The design phase for the upgrade of the Water Resource Recovery Facility is underway in 2016 with completion anticipated in 2020. The upgrade will enable the City to consider potable reuse, part of a One Water concept, in the future. B 3.1 Goals B 3.1.1 Wastewater treatment that meets or exceeds regulatory requirements and ensures the protection of public health and the environment. B 3.1.2 A high-quality, dependable recycled water supply that meets an increasing portion of the City’s non-potable demand. Maximize recycled water production. B 3.2 Policies B 3.2.1 Treating Wastewater The City will treat all wastewater in compliance with approved discharge permits. B 3.2.2 Recycled Water Production The City will produce high-quality, dependable recycled water, suitable for a wide range of non-potable uses. B 3.2.3 Beneficial Use The City will pursue treatment and disposal methods which provide for further beneficial use of wastewater and biosolids. B 3.3 Programs B 3.3.1 Prepare and implement Water Reclamation Resource Recovery Facility master plan consistent with regulatory requirements. B 3.3.2 Work cooperatively on regional water quality issues. Chapter 8 Page 8-32 COLLECTION SYSTEM B 4.0 Background The first sanitary sewers were built in San Luis Obispo in the late 1800s. Today portions of the collection system are over 100 years old. It includes nine lift stations, approximately 135 miles of gravity sewer line and three miles of force main. Approximately 2,900 manholes provide access to the collection system. The sewer lines are made of a variety of materials, including terra cotta salt-glazed pipe, vitrified clay pipe (VCP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and asbestos concrete. The City’s wastewater collection system requires maintenance to ensure uninterrupted flows and minimize sanitary sewer overflows. Area and preventive maintenance programs are regularly evaluated to ensure their effectiveness. The City also utilizes video inspection to prioritize problem areas for replacement, maintenance, assess overall mainline conditions, conduct inflow and infiltration evaluations, and assess new construction. The City issues discharge permits to and conducts inspections of facilities that have the potential to discharge pollutants in concentrations that could pose a threat to worker safety, the wastewater collection system, and/or the Water Reclamation Resource Recovery Facility. Through its Pretreatment Program, the City also implements programs to target constituents of special concern. Like most cities in California, San Luis Obispo has separate sewer and storm drain systems. This means each system of pipes in the ground is designed to accommodate either sewer or stormwater flows. One set of pipes takes sanitary waste to the Water Reclamation Resource Recovery Facility while a second set carries stormwater runoff from street drains directly into bioswales, detention basins, or creeks. The City’s wastewater collection system and the WRF have long experienced problems associated with wet weather infiltration and inflow (I & I). Inflow is water that enters the collection system at points of direct connection (non-soil) such as around manhole covers or through illegal connection of roof drains, downspouts, or landscape drains. Infiltration is water that flows through the ground into the collection system usually through cracks in public sewer mains and/or private sewer laterals (See Figure 5). I & I overloads the collection system during heavy rains and can result in sanitary sewer overflows. During periods of significant rain events, the Water Reclamation Resource Recovery Facility WRF can become hydraulically overwhelmed (as mentioned previously, instantaneous peak flows exceeding 20 mgd are not uncommon during storm events) increasing the chance of effluent violations and the release of partially treated wastewater to San Luis Obispo Creek. Table 6 includes data on the highest average daily flows experienced at the Water Resource Recovery Facility WRF during rain events over a nine-year period. Highest Average Daily Flows to the Water Reclamation Facility, 20016 to 200915 Table 8. Average Daily Flows 1 Year 15.41 mgd 2001 (March) 7.84 mgd 2002 (December) 9.96 mgd 2003 (March) 16.81 mgd 2004 (December) 15.95 mgd 2005 (January) 19.75 mgd 2006 (April) 7.24 mgd 2007(December) 9.83 mgd 2008 (January) 11.67 mgd 2009 (October) 13.51 mgd 2010 (December) 13.23 mgd 2011 (March Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-33 7.10 mgd 2012 (January) 5.17 mgd 2013 (January) 5.12 mgd 2014 (March) 5.24 mgd 2015 (February) Note: 1. Instantaneous peak flows are higher. 2. August dry weather flow to the WRF from 2001 to 2009 ranged from 3.44 mgd to 4.23 mgd. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2010. Figure 5 Inflow and Infiltration Illustrated Chapter 8 Page 8-34 B 4.1 Goal Collect and convey all wastewater under safe and sanitary conditions to the Water Reclamation Resource Recovery Facility. B 4.2 Policies B 4.2.1 Collection System Maintenance The City will manage the collection system to ensure that the proper level of maintenance is provided and that the flow in sanitary sewers does not exceed design capacity. B 4.2.2 Infiltration and Inflow The City will minimize stormwater and groundwater infiltration and inflow into the sewer system. B 4.3 Programs B 4.3.1 Investigate and carry out cost-effective methods for reducing infiltration and inflow into the wastewater collection system. B 4.3.2 Develop education and outreach materials to increase public awareness of problems associated with excessive infiltration and inflow (I & I) into the wastewater collection system and the City’s efforts to reduce I & I. B 4.3.3 Support the retrofit of commercial and residential sewer laterals to reduce infiltration and inflow into the wastewater collection system. B 4.3.4 Update the Sewer System Management Plan to maintain its applicability. B 4.3.5 Maintain, and revise as necessary, master plans for the extension of wastewater services to developing areas of the City and to ensure orderly replacement of aged infrastructure. B 4.3.6 Review development proposals to ensure new development does not adversely impact existing infrastructure and that necessary infrastructure will be in place to support the development. B 4.3.7 Provide a Pretreatment Program pursuant to the Clean Water Act to ensure that all discharge requirements are met. Water and Wastewater Element Page 8-35 Please see the next page. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan Planning Commission Draft May 2016 Plan Prepared by: City of San Luis Obispo, Utilities Department 879 Morro Street San Luis Obispo, CA. 93401 Carrie Mattingly, Director Aaron Floyd, Deputy Director, Water Division Jennifer Metz, Utilities Projects Manager Mychal Boerman, Acting Utilities Services Manager 2015 Urban Water Management Plan i Contents CHAPTER 1. Introduction 1.1 Urban Water Management Planning Act ................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Agency Coordination .................................................................................................................. 1-2 1.3 Public Participation And Plan Adoption ................................................................................... 1-3 1.4 Plan Implementation ................................................................................................................... 1-3 1.5 Standarized Tables ..................................................................................................................... 1-3 1.6 Compliance Checklist ................................................................................................................. 1-3 1.7 Abbreviations & Acronyms ........................................................................................................ 1-4 CHAPTER 2. Service Area and Water System Description 2.1 Service Area Description ........................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Service Area Population Projection and Other Demographic Information ........................... 2-1 2.3 Water System Description ......................................................................................................... 2-3 2.4 Required UWMP Standardized Tables .................................................................................... 2-12 CHAPTER 3. Past, Current and Projected Water Demand 3.1 Water Use By Sector ................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Demand Sector Definitions ........................................................................................................ 3-1 3.3 Water Loss and Unbilled Authorized Consumption Types .................................................... 3-2 3.4 Estimating Future Water Savings .............................................................................................. 3-2 3.5 Low Income Housing .................................................................................................................. 3-2 3.6 Baseline and Target For Water Use Reduction By 2020 ......................................................... 3-3 3.7 Updating Calculations from 2010 UWMP.................................................................................. 3-3 3.8 Baseline Periods ......................................................................................................................... 3-4 3.9 Service Area Population ............................................................................................................. 3-5 3.10 Gross Water Use ......................................................................................................................... 3-5 3.11 Baseline Per Capita Water Use .................................................................................................. 3-6 3.12 2015 and 2020 Targets ................................................................................................................ 3-7 3.13 Compliance Daily Oer Capita Water Use .................................................................................. 3-8 3.14 Required UWMP Standardized Tables .................................................................................... 3-10 3.15 Required SB X7-7 Standardized Tables .................................................................................. 3-12 CHAPTER 4. Water Sources 4.1 Salinas Reservoir ........................................................................................................................ 4-1 4.2 Whale Rock Reservoir ................................................................................................................ 4-2 4.3 Nacimiento Reservoir ................................................................................................................. 4-4 4.4 Groundwater ................................................................................................................................ 4-5 4.5 Water Supply Summary .............................................................................................................. 4-7 4.6 Transfers And Exchange Opportunities ................................................................................... 4-7 4.7 Future Water Projects ................................................................................................................. 4-8 4.8 Desalinated Water Opportunities .............................................................................................. 4-8 4.9 Required UWMP Standardized Tables ...................................................................................... 4-9 CHAPTER 5. Recycled Water 5.1 Wastewater Collection, Treatment and Disposal ..................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Current Recycled Water Use ...................................................................................................... 5-2 5.3 Future System Expansion .......................................................................................................... 5-4 5.3 Recycled Water Program Incentives ......................................................................................... 5-5 5.5 Seasonal Surplus ........................................................................................................................ 5-6 5.6 Potable Reuse ............................................................................................................................. 5-7 5.7 Required UWMP Standardized Tables ...................................................................................... 5-8 2015 Urban Water Management Plan ii CHAPTER 6. Water Supply Reliability 6.1 Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs ......................................................................................... 6-1 6.2 Recycled Water ........................................................................................................................... 6-1 6.3 Nacimiento Reservoir ................................................................................................................. 6-2 6.4 Groundwater ................................................................................................................................ 6-2 6.5 Water Quality ............................................................................................................................... 6-3 6.6 Water Supply Reliability Analysis ............................................................................................. 6-3 6.7 Required UWMP Standardized Tables ...................................................................................... 6-5 CHAPTER 7. Water Conservation & Demand Management Measures 7.1 History .......................................................................................................................................... 7-1 7.2 Conservation Program Highlights ............................................................................................. 7-1 7.3 Water Waste Prevention Ordinances ........................................................................................ 7-2 7.4 Metering ....................................................................................................................................... 7-3 7.5 Conservation Pricing .................................................................................................................. 7-3 7.6 Public Education and Outreach ................................................................................................. 7-3 7.7 Programs to Assess and Manage Distribution System Real Loss ........................................ 7-3 7.8 Water Conservation Program Coordination and Staffing Support ........................................ 7-4 7.9 Other Demand Management Measures..................................................................................... 7-4 CHAPTER 8. Water Shortage Contingency Plan 8.1 Water Shortage Determination .................................................................................................. 8-1 8.2 Declaring a Water Shortage ....................................................................................................... 8-1 8.3 Water Shortage Repsonse ......................................................................................................... 8-2 8.4 Water Shortage Stages ............................................................................................................... 8-3 8.5 Revenue and Expenditure Impacts ........................................................................................... 8-9 8.6 Catastrophic Water Supply Interruption ................................................................................. 8-10 8.7 Minimum Supply Next Three Years ......................................................................................... 8-10 8.8 Required UWMP Standardized Tables .................................................................................... 8-11 2015 Urban Water Management Plan iii List of Tables TABLE 1: San Luis Obispo Climate ....................................................................................................... 2-1 TABLE 2: City Population ........................................................................................................................ 2-1 TABLE 3: Top Employers ........................................................................................................................ 2-2 TABLE 4: Past, Current and Future Water Use by Sector ................................................................... 3-1 TABLE 5: Common Water Loss and Unbilled Authorized Consumption Types ............................... 3-2 TABLE 6: Water Demand for Lower Income Housing Units ................................................................ 3-3 TABLE 7: Target Method 3, Hydrologic Region Goals ......................................................................... 3-3 TABLE 8: Baseline Period Ranges ......................................................................................................... 3-5 TABLE 9: Annual Gross Water Use ........................................................................................................ 3-6 TABLE 10: Daily Per Capita Water Use .................................................................................................. 3-7 TABLE 11: Confirmed 2020 Targets ....................................................................................................... 3-8 TABLE 12: 2015 Interim Target ............................................................................................................... 3-8 TABLE 13: Baselines and Targets Summary ........................................................................................ 3-8 TABLE 14: 2015 SB X7-7 Compliance .................................................................................................... 3-9 TABLE 15: Average GPCD ...................................................................................................................... 3-9 TABLE 16: City Wells ............................................................................................................................... 4-6 TABLE 1 7: City Groundwater Production .............................................................................................. 4-6 TABLE 1 8: 2015 Actual Water Supplies ................................................................................................. 4-7 TABLE 1 9: Actual and Projected Water Supplies ................................................................................. 4-7 TABLE 20: Transfer and Exchange Opportunities ............................................................................... 4-8 TABLE 21: Recycled Water Usage, 2011-2015 ...................................................................................... 5-3 TABLE 22: 2015 Influent Flow and Recycled Water Availability ......................................................... 5-4 TABLE 23: Potential Future Recycled Water Use ................................................................................. 5-5 TABLE 24: 2010 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2015 Actual Deliveries ....... 5-5 TABLE 2 5: Methods to Encourage Recycled Water Use ..................................................................... 5-7 TABLE 2 6: Water Quality Current and Projected Water Supply Impacts ........................................... 6-3 TABLE 2 7: Basis of Water Year Data ..................................................................................................... 6-4 TABLE 2 8: Supply and Demand Comparison – Normal Year .............................................................. 6-4 TABLE 2 9: Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison ........................................................... 6-5 2015 Urban Water Management Plan iv List of Tables (continued) TABLE 30: Multiple Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison......................................................... 6-5 TABLE 31: Water Demand Management Measures Demand Management Measures and California Urban Water Conservation Council BMP Names .............................................................. 7-2 TABLE 3 2: Water Shortage Response Stages Quick Reference Guide ............................................. 8-4 TABLE 3 3: Minimum Supply Next Three Years .................................................................................. 8-10 List of Figures FIGURE 1: Multi-Source Water Supply .................................................................................................. 2-5 FIGURE 2: Potable Water Pressure Zones ............................................................................................ 2-7 FIGURE 3: Water Distribution Facility Locations ................................................................................. 2-9 FIGURE 4: 2005 to 2015 Annual per Capita Water Demand ................................................................. 3-5 FIGURE 5: Water Reuse Master Plan Area and Distribution System ................................................. 5-3 Appendices Appendix I: Notification to Agencies, Public Hearing & Plan Adoption .............................................. I-1 Appendix II: Water Resource Status Reports (2011-2015) ................................................................... II-1 Appendix III: Department of Water Resources Checklist ................................................................... III-1 Appendix IV: AWWA Water Loss Audit ................................................................................................IV-1 Appendix V: 2015 Annual Water Quality Report ...................................................................................V-1 Appendix VI: CUWCC Best Management Practices ............................................................................VI-1 Appendix VII: Draft Water Rationing Ordinance .................................................................................VII-1 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 1-1 Chapter 1: Introduction The City of San Luis Obispo (City) has diligently monitored and managed its water resources for many years. This Urban Water Management Plan (Plan) evaluates current and projected water supplies through the year 2035. The Plan was prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Urban Water Management Planning Act, as amended and includes the following chapters: • Water Service Area and System Description • Water Demand and Reduction Targets • Water Sources • Recycled Water • Water Supply Reliability • Demand Management Measures • Water Shortage Contingency Plan The Plan is consistent with the goals, policies, land uses, and population projections presented in the City’s General Plan. 1.1 URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLANNING ACT The City’s Plan was prepared in accordance with the Urban Water Management Planning Act (Act). The Act is defined by the California Water Code (CWC), Division 6, Part 2.6, and Sections 10610 through 10656. The Act requires every urban water supplier that provides water for municipal purposes to more than 3,000 connections, or supplying more than 3,000 acre-feet (af) of water annually, to adopt and submit a plan every five years to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR). Since its passage in 1983, several amendments have been added to the Act, such as those enacted in 2009 related to Senate Bill X7-7 (SB X7-7) requiring each urban retail water supplier to develop urban water use targets to help meet the 20 percent reduction goal by 2020 and an interim 10 percent goal by 2015. Chapter 4 of this Plan explains the City’s targets and implementation strategy to meet state requirements related to SBx7-7. The other recent amendments made to the Act are set forth in SB 1087, Water and Sewer Service Priority for Housing Affordable to Lower-Income Households. SB 1087 requires water and sewer providers to grant priority for water service allocations to proposed developments that include low income housing. SB 1087 also requires Urban Water Management Plans to include projected water use for single- and multi- family housing needed for low-income households. Chapter 4 of this Plan incorporates these reporting requirements. The Plan serves as a foundational document and source of information for a Water Supply Assessment, (Water Code Section 10613), and a Written Verification of Water Supply, (Water Code Section 66473.7). Both statutes require detailed information regarding water supply availability to be evaluated prior to approval of specific large development projects. The purposes of the Plan are to: • Assess current and future water use trends in the community • Describe the sources of water supply and the water system • Assess water supply reliability • Document the water demand management measures in place to balance supply and demand • Demonstrate compliance with SB X7-7 • Act as a source document for the City’s General Plan • Act as a source document on the background and history of the water supply system • Comply with the state requirements to qualify for water and wastewater State grants and loans. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 1-2 1.2 AGENCY COORDINATION The Act requires the City to coordinate the preparation of its Plan with other appropriate agencies, including other water suppliers that share a common source, water management agencies, and relevant public agencies. The following is a summary of the coordination that the City took in the preparation of this Plan. Supporting documentation is provided in Appendix I. Whale Rock Reservoir Commission Whale Rock Reservoir provides water to the City, California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly), the California Men’s Colony, and the town of Cayucos. The Whale Rock Commission oversees the reservoir operations and is made up of representatives from the City, California Men’s Colony, and Cal Poly, as well as a representative from the State Department of Water Resources. The City provides the staff for oversight of daily operations and maintenance activities. City staff works closely with staff from the commission members relative to water planning issues. A discussion of the update process for the City’s Urban Water Management Plan was provided to the commission at its May 2016 meeting. Cayucos Area Water Organization The Cayucos Area Water Organization (CAWO) includes the three water purveyors that serve the town of Cayucos (Paso Robles Beach Water Association, Morro Rock Mutual Water Company, County Service Area 10A) and the Cayucos-Morro Bay Cemetery District. The Whale Rock Commission and the CAWO have an agreement which includes a provision to provide up to 600 acre feet of water per year from the reservoir. The agreement dates back to the period when the dam was being planned and constructed. The agreement has been amended since that time. The water provided to the CAWO is delivered from the Whale Rock pipeline to the Cayucos Water Treatment Plant operated by the County of San Luis Obispo (County). An update regarding the City’s preparation and updating of its UWMP was provided to the group at its May 2016 meeting. County Water Resources Advisory Committee The City is represented on the county-wide Water Resources Advisory Committee (WRAC). The WRAC is an advisory committee to the County Board of Supervisors on issues pertaining to water resources planning. The Committee holds monthly meetings to discuss water resource issues, planned projects or developments, policies, or other related issues that may have county-wide water resource impacts. Recommendations are forwarded to the County Board of Supervisors for its consideration. The Committee discusses items ranging from new water supply projects to water conservation programs and policies. An update regarding the City’s preparation and updating of its UWMP was provided to the WRAC in April 2016. Review and comment by interested members was requested. Nacimiento Project Commission The County has an entitlement of 17,500 acre feet of water from Nacimiento Lake and acts as the wholesaler of this water supply. The County oversees the project that delivers water from Nacimiento Reservoir to agencies participating in the Nacimiento Water Project. The current participating entities include the cities of Paso Robles and San Luis Obispo, Atascadero Mutual Water Company, Templeton Community Services District, Santa Margarita Ranch, Bella Vista Mobile home park, and County Service Area 10A (Cayucos). The Nacimiento Project Commission (Commission) is made up of representatives from each of the four original participating agencies’ governing boards, as well as a representative from the County Flood Control and Water Conservation District (i.e. County Board of Supervisors). The Commission provides oversight and recommendations to the District relative to the project operations and maintenance and the associated budget. An update regarding the City’s preparation and update of its UWMP was provided to the Commission’s technical support group at its May 2016 meeting. The County, as the water supply “wholesaler”, was notified that the City was updating its UWMP in March 2016. Integrated Regional Water Management Plan The County has developed an Integrated Regional Water Management Plan which included involvement and participation by the City as well as other agencies and interested individuals throughout the County. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 1-3 City staff in particular provided detailed input in the areas of water conservation and water recycling components of the plan because of the expertise the City has in these areas. The County was notified that the City was updating its UWMP in March 2016. 1.3 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND PLAN ADOPTION The City encouraged public involvement in the Plan update through a Community Water Forum, Planning Commission study session, a Planning Commission public hearing for review of the draft document, and a City Council public hearing for review of the draft document. The City further encouraged involvement of the public through correspondence, public notices, and offers to meet with interested groups. Public hearing notifications were published in The Tribune (the local area newspaper). A copy of the published Notice of Public Hearing, correspondence, and the resolution of adoption are included in Appendix I. The hearing process provided an opportunity for all City water users to become familiar with the Plan and ask questions about its water resources in addition to the City’s continuing plans for providing a reliable, safe, and high-quality water supply. 1.4 PLAN IMPLEMENTATION Implementation of the Plan is the responsibility of the City’s Utilities Department. Key staff overseeing the implementation is the Utilities Director, Deputy Director of Utilities and Utilities Services Manager. Annual updates regarding Plan implementation, as well as other City water resources issues, are provided to the City Council as part of the City’s annual Water Resources Status Report (Appendix II). 1.5 STANDARDIZED TABLES In response to the requirements of the CWC, standardized tables for the reporting and submittal of UWMP data were developed and are required for use in 2015 UWMPs by the State. The standardization of data tables allows for more efficient data management, expedited review of UWMPs, and easier compilation of data for regional and statewide planning. The City will submit UWMP data electronically to DWR using standardized tables and have included the standardized tables in the body of this Plan at the end of each chapter. 1.6 COMPLIANCE CHECKLIST The City completed the checklist of specific UWMP requirements and included it in the Plan as Appendix III as requested by DWR. The Checklist includes each UWMP requirement by subject, applicable CWC section, and the page number where the required element is addressed in the Plan to assist in the DWR review of the City’s UWMP. City of San Luis Obispo Community Water Forum, April 2016. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 1-4 1.7 ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS AB - Assembly Bill AF - Acre-Foot or Acre-Feet AFY (of afy) - Acre-Feet per Year AWWA - American Water Works Association BMP - Best Management Practice CII - Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional water use sectors CIMIS - California Irrigation Management Information System CUWCC - California Urban Water Conservation Council CWC - California Water Code DDW - State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Drinking Water DMMs - Demand Management Measures DOF - Department of Finance DWR - California Department of Water Resources EPA - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency ETo - Reference Evapotranspiration GIS - Geographic Information System GPCD (or gpcd) - Gallons per Capita per Day GPPD - Gallons per Person per Day IRWM - Integrated Regional Water Management LRAA - Locational Running Annual Average LAFCO - Local Agency Formation Commission MGD - Million Gallons per Day NOAA NMFS - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service NPDES - National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System PCE - Tetrachloroethylene pH - The measure of how acidic/basic water is ranging from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic), with 7 being neutral. PRV - Pressure Reducing Valve RGPCD - Residential Gallons per Capita Daily RWQCB - Regional Water Quality Control Board SB - Senate Bill SB X7-7 - Senate Bill Seven of the Senate’s Seventh Extraordinary Session of 2009 SDWA - Safe Drinking Water Act SGMA - Sustainable Groundwater Management Act SWRCB - State Water Resources Control Board THMs - Trihalomethanes UWMP - Urban Water Management Plan WDR - Waste Discharge Requirement WRRF - City of San Luis Obispo Water Resources Recovery Facility WSCP - Water Shortage Contingency Plan WTP - City of San Luis Obispo Water Treatment Plant 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 1-5 Required UWMP Standardized Tables: Retail Only: Public Water Systems Public Water System Number Public Water System Name Number of Municipal Connections 2015 Volume of Water Supplied 2015 4010009 City of San Luis Obispo 15,116 4,908 TOTAL 15,116 4,908 NOTES: Table 2-1 Volume of water supplied in this table includes potable (4721 AF) and recycled water (187 AF). Plan Identification (Select One) Individual UWMP Regional UWMP (RUWMP) NOTES: Table 2-2 Agency Identification Type of Agency (select one or both) Agency is a wholesaler Agency is a retailer Fiscal or Calendar Year (select one) UWMP Tables Are in Calendar Years UWMP Tables Are in Fiscal Years If Using Fiscal Years Provide Month and Day that the Fiscal Year Begins (dd/mm) N/A Units of Measure Used in UWMP (select from Drop down) Unit AF NOTES: Table 2-3 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 1-6 Retail: Water Supplier Information Exchange The retail supplier has informed the following wholesale supplier(s) of projected water use in accordance with CWC 10631. Wholesale Water Supplier Name (Add additional rows as needed) County of San Luis Obispo NOTES: Table 2-4 Notification to Cities and Counties City Name 60 Day Notice Notice of Public Hearing None County Name 60 Day Notice Notice of Public Hearing San Luis Obispo County NOTES: Table 10-1 (R). 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 2-1 Chapter 2: Service Area and Water System Description 2.1 SERVICE AREA DESCRIPTION The City of San Luis Obispo is located about half way between Los Angeles and San Francisco and has a total area of 10.8 square miles of which 10.6 square miles is land and 0.18 square miles (1.66 percent) is water. Situated in a coastal valley approximately 10 miles inland from the Pacific Ocean, the City’s Mediterranean climate provides for mild and dry summers and cool winters, with an annual average of about 23 inches of precipitation. Summers are generally warm and sunny, often with morning fog from the Pacific coast. Winters are generally mild, though below freezing lows may be expected during the winter. Temperatures vary widely at any time of the year, with 80° F readings in January and February not uncommon. Table 1, San Luis Obispo Climate, includes the average monthly evapotranspiration rate, average maximum high temperature and average precipitation for the City of San Luis Obispo. As the City receives water from reservoirs located in vastly different watersheds, climate data specific to those surrounding the reservoirs are utilized in water management models. The CWC does not require that 2015 Urban Water Management Plans address climate change. However, the City is concerned about the potential long-term effects of climate change on its water supply. While the City has secured an adequate water supply to serve the projected buildout of the City, and uses conservative water projection methods, the City continues to focus on securing supplemental water sources and promoting conservation to strengthen its multi-source water supply to withstand potential long-term effects of climate change. 2.2 SERVICE AREA POPULATION PROJECTION & OTHER DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION Founded in 1772 and incorporated in 1856, San Luis Obispo is one of California’s oldest communities and now serves as the County’s hub for commercial and government services. This section describes the City’s population projections, demographics information and employment characteristics. The City’s population has grown at a slow, steady pace since 1980. The 2015 population totaled 45,802. From 1990 to 2015, the City grew at an average rate of 0.35 percent per year, with periods of faster or slower growth, well below the General Plan’s one percent growth maximum. The majority of the City’s future growth is projected to be located in the Margarita, Orcutt, and Airport specific plan areas. Water demand in the City has not increased at a rate that follows the rate of population growth (see Population and Water Demand charts below). In the past 25 years, annual water demand has been as high as 6,416 acre-feet in 2007 and as low as 4,040 acre-feet in 1991. This has been influenced by many factors including annual rainfall totals, plumbing efficiencies such as low flow toilets, shower heads, and appliances, changes in landscaping and irrigation, economic climate, water rates, and a strong water conservation ethic. TABLE 1: San Luis Obispo Climate Standard average ETo (in) Average rainfall (in) Average temperature (F) January 2.21 5.09 63.1 February 2.50 4.83 64.9 March 3.80 3.63 65.6 April 5.08 1.71 68.4 May 5.70 0.42 70.8 June 6.19 0.07 74.9 July 6.43 0.03 78.3 August 6.09 0.05 79.3 September 4.87 0.33 79.5 October 4.09 0.90 76.7 November 2.89 2.47 70.4 December 2.28 3.84 64.5 Annual 52.13 23.35 71.4 Source: DWR CIMIS Station #53 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 2-2 To be conservative in its water planning, the City uses the one percent population growth rate and 117 gpcd, the maximum per capita water use rate under SB X7-7, described further in Chapter 3. This approach to projecting future water demand ensures the City’s water needs will be accommodated. The General Plan Land Use Element, updated in 2014, included population projections from 2020 through 2035 and estimated that the City has an urban reserve capacity of 57,200 residents. Table 3 provides the City’s population projections. TABLE 2: City Population 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Urban Reserve Capacity Population 45,802 48,826 51,317 53,934 56,686 57,200 Source: City of San Luis Obispo, General Plan, Land Use Element, Table 3, 2014. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 2-3 According to the 2010 Census, the City’s population age demographics are 14.2 percent under the age of 18, 33.6 percent from 18 to 24, 23.7 percent from 25 to 44, 16.5 percent from 45 to 64, and 12.1 percent who are 65 years of age and older. The median age is 26 years. The City is the civic, economic and cultural hub of the Central Coast. With these major regional employers (Table 3), the City has an estimated daytime population of more than 70,000 persons. Public sector jobs account for a sizeable portion of the job market in the City. Service and retail jobs also comprise a large percentage of employers. In 2013-14, the median income for a household in the City was $59,628, up from $40,579 in 2009-10. According to the City's 2014 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers within and adjacent to the City are: TABLE 3: Top Employers # Employer # of Employees 1 California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly) 3,055 2 County of San Luis Obispo 2,465 3 Pacific Gas and Electric 1,900 4 California Men’s Colony 1,540 5 Cal Poly Foundation 1,400 6 San Luis Coastal Unified School District 902 7 Mind Body 650 8 California Department of Transportation 544 9 Cuesta Community College 440 10 Community Action Partnership of San Luis County 410 Source: City of San Luis Obispo 2014 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report. As the top employer, Cal Poly maintains a student enrollment between 18,260 and 19,780 students with a projected enrollment at 20,912 students by the year 2020. W hile Cal Poly has its own water supply source, the City treats and distributes water to the University which is located just outside of City limits. The City is also a popular tourist destination due to its proximity to beaches and open space areas, historic downtown, and its overall vitality. The City’s tourism is at its peak during the summer. However, Cal Poly is also out of session at this time, thus reducing the overall daily population served by the City during the summer months. In 2015, with the update to its Master Plan underway, Cal Poly indicated that it is considering the idea of year-round instruction by expanding summer classes. 2.3 WATER SYSTEM DESCRIPTION The City utilizes surface water reservoirs to meet its current potable water demand. The Salinas Reservoir, located nine miles southeast of the community of Santa Margarita, has provided water to the City since 1944. The Whale Rock Reservoir, located one-half mile east of the town of Cayucos, has been a water source for the City since 1961. Water deliveries from Nacimiento Reservoir, located 14 miles northwest of the City of Paso Robles, to the City began in January 2011. All surface water supplies are considered to be of high quality. The City does not currently rely on local groundwater to serve long-term water supply needs, however it has relied heavily on groundwater during past droughts (such as 1986 to 1990) and could rely on this source in the future during water shortage emergencies. The City is supplied recycled water from its Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF). In 2016, recycled water is utilized for landscape irrigation and for construction water (dust suppression, compaction, etc.). The City will be maximizing the production of recycled water with the upgrade of the WRRF scheduled to begin construction in 2018 and studies are underway to maximize the use of this resource. Recycled water is discussed further in Chapter 6. Figure 1 shows the location of the City’s reservoirs and conveyance pipelines. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 2-4 City of San Luis Obispo Water Treatment Plant. This section describes the City’s existing potable water system, including transmission, treatment, and distribution systems. Additional information is provided on the City’s water sources in Chapter 3. Raw Water Transmission The raw water transmission facilities deliver water to the City’s Water Treatment Plant from the Salinas, Whale Rock, and Nacimiento Reservoirs. More detailed information on these raw water transmission facilities is provided in Chapter 4. Over the past twenty-five years, surface water treatment and groundwater treatment standards and regulations have become more stringent. With the enactment of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) in 1974, Congress authorized the federal government to establish national drinking water regulations. Since that time, many amendments have been made to the SDWA which require additional monitoring and treatment which has resulted in increased operational costs. The following sections discuss the impacts of the current regulations on the City's water treatment facilities and potential impacts of any foreseeable amendments to the current regulations. Water Treatment The City’s Water Treatment Plant (WTP) is located on Stenner Creek Road, northwest of the Cal Poly campus. The facility was constructed in 1964 to provide treatment of surface water from Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs. The WTP is a conventional plant that includes ozone disinfection, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration. The WTP was originally designed to treat up to eight million gallons per day (mgd). In 1977, the plant was upgraded to provide 11.5 mgd of treatment capacity but actually treated up to 12 mgd for limited periods during peak summertime water demands. In 1994, the WTP was upgraded to comply with new regulations and to increase the treatment capacity to 16.0 mgd. The WTP was again upgraded with construction completed in March 2008. This upgrade added additional onsite storage facilities, replaced an existing pump station, and replaced the sedimentation basin with a new ballasted flocculation process among other improvements. The addition of the Actiflo process increased the sedimentation process capacity from 8 mgd to 16 mgd. This process was needed to treat the anticipated water supply from the Nacimiento Reservoir. The Nacimiento Project went online and began making water deliveries to the WTP in January, 2011. Since the existing WTP was constructed, the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) was adopted and was significantly amended. The 1986 amendments were broad in scope and required implementation of new regulations by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The SDWA also required the EPA to specify criteria under which filtration is required as a treatment technique for surface supplies. On June 29, 1989, the EPA issued the Surface Water Treatment Rule which defined the standards for surface water treatment and had specific compliance deadlines. The purpose of the regulation is to protect the public, as much as feasible, from waterborne diseases. Waterborne diseases, most notably Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium, and Legionella, are most commonly transmitted by surface water contamination. For the City, the most significant issue is the regulation aimed at reducing the formation of disinfection by-products, specifically trihalomethanes (THMs), which are a group of compounds formed during disinfection by the reaction of chlorine with naturally occurring organics. While the City had consistently met the previous 100 micrograms per liter limit, there have been occasional instances in which the standard was exceeded due to the high organic content of Salinas Reservoir water during certain times of the year. Those new regulations required increased chlorine contact times which would cause the THM levels to exceed the regulations. The limit for THMs at that time was a system average of 80 micrograms per liter. The current regulations, Stage 2 of the Disinfectant By-Product Rule, went into effect in 2013 and changed to a locational running annual average (LRAA) to determine compliance. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 2-5 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 2-6 To comply with the standards for THMs, meet anticipated future water quality standards, and increase water treatment operational efficiency, the City upgraded the WTP in 1994 to use ozone as the primary disinfectant instead of chlorine. The use of ozone provides enhanced disinfection capability to meet federal and state requirements while reducing the levels of THMs. The use of ozone also helps produce water free of objectionable taste and odor associated with algae blooms at Salinas Reservoir and meets all current, as well as anticipated regulations. The 1994 upgrade project also increased the capacity of the plant from 11.5 million gallons per day to 16.0 million gallons per day (with the exception of the sedimentation process). This was accomplished through increased filter efficiency and the ability to treat Whale Rock Reservoir water without using the sedimentation process (direct filtration). The expanded capacity is sufficient to meet projected water demand at build-out under the City’s Land Use Element of the General Plan updated most recently in 2014. Groundwater With the onset of the drought in 1986, resulting in decreasing surface water supplies, the City activated groundwater wells in 1989 to meet the City's water demand. In the 2010 update of the Water and Wastewater Management Element of the General Plan, groundwater was eliminated from the City’s water supply calculation as a basis for meeting long-term water demands. The decision was based on the water quality and availability issues which deemed groundwater as a potentially unreliable source. The City will utilize groundwater in the future, as the resource is needed, and plans to use well-head treatment to ensure the water quality is appropriate for potable purposes. Like surface water, groundwater must meet the standards set in the SDWA. Water quality analysis in 1989 indicated that advanced treatment was needed on the now decommissioned Dalidio and Auto Park Way Wells due to unacceptable levels of tetrachloroethylene (PCE). Carbon adsorption units were placed on each well to provide necessary treatment, and were granted approval for domestic consumption by the State of California, Department of Public Health (now the State Water Resources Control Board, Division of Drinking Water (DDW)). In November 1992, nitrate levels in the Auto Park Way Well exceeded State standards, so the well was taken out of service. In April 2015, the City stopped utilizing the Pacific Beach Well on Los Osos Valley Road for potable water purposes due to more stringent regulations for hexavalent chromium. The Fire Station #4 Well had been offline due to remediation of soil contamination at the adjacent Shell service station and is also currently offline due to hexavalent chromium. The 1996 Amendments to the SDWA required the EPA to develop regulations that require disinfection of ground water systems to protect the public health. In 2006, the Groundwater Rule was adopted to further protect against waterborne illness due to fecal and E. Coli contamination in public water systems that use groundwater supplies. Possible Future Regulatory Changes As analytical techniques allow for lower levels of regulated water contaminants to be detected and new contaminants are added to the regulatory list issued by the EPA and state regulatory agencies, there may be impacts on the City's water treatment operations. While the WTP upgrade was designed to meet then current and anticipated future water treatment standards, additional future or new regulations may require additional modifications, depending on the action levels adopted by the federal and state regulatory agencies. The following are possible regulatory changes which may influence WTP operations: Regulation of total organic carbon. Could require optimizing enhanced coagulation processes, which may add a pH reduction system to the treatment process (i.e. acid feed, carbon dioxide feed, etc.). Regulation of THM sub-species. Chlorinated bromides would most likely be targeted, which would not necessarily be problematic unless the action level is extremely low. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 2-7 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 2-8 2016 Water Main Replacement Project. Regulation of hypochlorites. Chlorates caused by the decomposition of hypochlorite solution may require coolers or insulation be installed on holding tanks to stabilize temperature inside the tanks. This is a requirement now being considered by the State. Regulation of THMs via LRAA. THMs are now regulated on a LRAA instead of a system - wide average. This could require changing from hypochlorite to chloramines for final disinfection and/or adding aeration systems to storage tanks and reservoirs. The effect of any of the potential regulations on the City's treatment operations is dependent on the action level adopted. More technical and complicated processes may require training or hiring of personnel skilled in the maintenance of sophisticated electronic equipment and with increased knowledge in telemetry and computer programming. Potable Water Distribution System The City’s potable water distribution system delivers water from the WTP to approximately 15,000 metered customers and over 2,000 fire hydrants via two storage reservoirs, five hydro- pneumatic tanks, eight pump stations, ten water tanks, and approximately 185 miles of water mains. The water delivered from the WTP is split into two main distribution networks. The WTP has a major pump station (the Transfer Pump Station) that pumps water to the high pressure zones which provides service to the higher elevation areas in the City. The transfer pumps take approximately half of the water, increase the pressure, and then provide water to Stenner Canyon Reservoir (Reservoir #2), Cal Poly, and other portions of the City, generally north and east of the Union Pacific Railroad tracks. Water flows by gravity directly into the lower pressure zone from the WTP's onsite clear well tanks. Water storage facilities are necessary to provide water during peak demand periods and emergency situations such as fires. The City has twelve water storage facilities, nine of which are steel storage tanks ranging in size from 0.04 to four million gallons and three concrete facilities with a capacity of 0.35 to 7.5 million gallons. The combined storage capacity is 26.22 million gallons. The holding capacity of the various facilities and tank locations throughout the City are shown in Figure 3. The goal is to provide uninterrupted water flow at adequate pressures (between 40 pounds per square inch (psi) and 80 psi) to meet all fire and domestic flow requirements and to minimize system water loss due to leakage. This pressure range will meet the needs of most irrigation sprinklers and other uses, and provide adequate pressure for fire sprinkler systems. In order to accomplish this, the City’s Water Distribution staff has eight major work objectives. They are as follows: 1. Pump station and tank maintenance 2. Water main maintenance and repair 3. Valve exercise and repair 4. Water service repair and renewal 5. Fire hydrant maintenance and replacement 6. Cross connection control 7. Underground Service Alert (USA) markouts 8. Bacteriological sampling 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 2-9 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 2-10 Water Storage Tank. Because of the geographic setting of the City, pressure zones are established in the distribution system to maintain these pressure ranges (see Figure 2). The City’s water distribution system is a complex system of 16 pressure zones and 18 pressure regulating valves. It is unlikely this distribution pattern will change, since the WTP will continue to be the principal source of treated water for the City. Aging pipes must be replaced to avoid major service disruptions and leaks due to deterioration. Parts of the City's water system are approaching or past their estimated lifespan with most of the pipes being made of cast and ductile iron. Other pipes are made of asbestos cement, or, since the mid-1970's, polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Water pipes serve two basic functions: 1. Larger pipes or transmission mains (ranging in size from 12 to 30 inches), move large volumes of water from one portion of the City to another 2. Smaller pipes or distribution mains (ranging in size from four inches in the older portions of the City to 12 inches) distribute water within a local area and deliver it to each property in the City Fire protection is an important service the City provides to its residents. The fire protection system is a network of over 2,000 public hydrants and approximately 200 private hydrants. The engineering estimate for the life expectancy of these facilities is 50 years or more depending on pipe type. Complete replacement within the term of life expectancy would require that the City replace an average of two percent of the system infrastructure each year which is the City’s adopted goal. Pipelines are prioritized for replacement in the City’s 2016 Potable Water Distribution System Operations Master Plan. Operation and Maintenance In order to retain a reliable water distribution system, preventative maintenance is performed by the City’s Water Distribution operators. Preventative maintenance is necessary to minimize water service disruption and prolong system service life. The City’s comprehensive mainline valve exercise program is beneficial to ensure proper operation of valves and minimizes disruptions to water customers during an emergency shutdown. The program assists in identifying problem areas such as broken valves, broken operating nuts, buried gatewells, and misaligned access sleeves. Identified problem areas are scheduled for repair or replacement which minimizes future distribution problems and ensures availability in the event of fire. In addition, a valve exercise program assures that fire hydrants can be isolated for maintenance and repair. The program has a goal of exercising 1,000 of the system’s estimated 5,000 valves per year, allowing for all valves in the system to be exercised every five years. Since electrical and mechanical pumping equipment consists of moving parts that are subject to wear, a comprehensive preventative maintenance program is required to prolong the useful life and avoid costly emergency equipment breakdowns Weekly inspections of the City’s pump station are performed. Preventive and corrective maintenance is performed as needed. The City’s water storage tanks are an important component of the water distribution system. As a result of the storage facilities, the system's flow and pressures are improved and stabilized to better serve the customers within a storage tank’s zone. Additionally, these supplies serve as a reserve for emergencies such as fire suppression and power outages. Regular inspections and preventative maintenance are necessary to protect the City's investment in these facilities. This includes regularly-scheduled inspections and cleaning of probes and relays, paint and protective coatings, facility security systems, maintenance of access roads and sites, and monitoring of cathodic protection systems. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 2-11 The service line (from the water main to the customer water meter) repair and replacement program has been a major priority for the City due to the high likelihood of failure of previously installed polybutylene pipe and ongoing concerns with the longevity and durability of galvanized pipe. The City's water service lines currently consist of mainly copper and polyethylene pipe, but small amounts of polybutylene and galvanized pipe still exist in the system. The City actively removes and replaces polybutylene and galvanized materials as they are discovered through routine maintenance and CIP projects. The majority of the City’s water lines have been upgraded to copper and polyethylene material due to the longevity and durability of these two types of materials. Pressure reducing valves (PRVs) are necessary to maintain acceptable pressure levels in both low lying and higher elevation areas of the City. These valves reduce plumbing failures and system leakage in areas that would otherwise experience high pressure. The City has 18 PRVs that are inspected and tested annually, and rebuilt periodically as part of a PRV maintenance program. To ensure that fire hydrants operate correctly when needed, testing, maintenance, and repair is performed on an annual basis. It is the responsibility of the Water Distribution staff to perform all maintenance, repairs, and hydrant replacement as needed. Hydrant exercising and flushing is performed by the City in order to proactively identify hydrants that require maintenance. Prior to placing a newly constructed water line into service, procedures are in place for disinfection, sampling, and testing consistent with guidelines provided by American Water Works Association. The City’s Water Distribution and Water Quality Laboratory staff provide the bacteriological sampling and testing. These procedures assure that all new water lines are free of waterborne pathogens before they are placed in service, protecting the health and safety of water users. All City-related Underground Service Alerts (USA) mark outs (potable water, wastewater, recycled water, storm drains, fiber optics, and street lights) are consolidated under a single position in the Water Distribution section of the Utilities Department. Consolidation streamlined the process and increased staffing efficiencies. The management of the Underground Utility Locator is the responsibility of the Water Distribution Supervisor. The City’s distribution system is a “D4” system based on rating criteria that classifies the complexity of the system. The State has mandated certification for water distribution operators (minimum of a Grade D1). The City requires water distribution operators to attain Grade D3 certification. Continuing education is mandatory for periodic certification renewals. Contract Meter Reading With the desire to consolidate the meter reading routes into a five-day period at the beginning of each month for consistent billing purposes, the City started utilizing a contractor to read the approximately 15,000 meters in early 2015. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 2-12 2.4 Required UWMP Standardized Tables: Population - Current and Projected Population Served 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 2040(opt) 45,802 48,826 51,317 53,934 56,686 N/A NOTES: Table 3-1 R (Retail). SOURCE: City of San Luis Obispo, General Plan, Land Use Element, Table 3, 2014. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-1 Chapter 3: Past, Current, and Projected Water Use by Sector This chapter includes information on historical potable water demand in the City, current use, and projections of future potable water demand. Projections are based on information in the City’s General Plan Land Use Element updated in 2014. 3.1 WATER USE BY SECTOR Existing water use in the City includes single-family and multi-family residential water users, commercial, institutional and industrial water users (collectively “CII”), and dedicated irrigation services. Water system loss and unbilled authorized consumption are also recorded by the City and are covered in detail in section 3.3. At this time the City does not provide potable or Title 22 recycled water for use for agricultural purposes, groundwater recharge, conjunctive use, saline water intrusion barriers, wetland or wildlife habitat, or sales/transfers/exchanges to other agencies. The projected deliveries were developed using the City’s General Plan Land Use Element, updated in 2014, population estimates and 117 gpcd as shown in Table 4. Please note that this number does not include recycled water use. T ABLE 4: Past, Current, and Projected Water Use by Sector 1 Water Use Sectors Single Family Multi- family Commercial, Industrial, and Institutional Dedicated Irrigation System Water Loss Unbilled Authorized Consumption Volume 2015 Water Use AFY 1,837 1,019 1,142 299 363 62 4,722 2020 Water Use AFY 2,489 1,381 1,548 404 493 84 6,399 2025 Water Use AFY 2,616 1,451 1,627 425 518 88 6,725 2030 Water Use AFY 2,750 1,525 1,710 447 544 93 7,069 2035 Water Use AFY 2,890 1,603 1,797 470 572 97 7,429 NOTES: 1. Department of Water Resources, Tables 4-1 & 4-2. 2. Projected water demand for 2020 to 2035 is based on 117 gpcd. 3. Population growth is projected at one percent per year, per the City's Land Use Element, Table 3, 2014. 4. Projections do not include increases in recycled water demand. Additional information on future recycled water demand is provided in Chapter 6. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2016. 3.2 DEMAND SECTOR DEFINITIONS Potable water demand in the City is comprised of several sectors, consisting of the following: • Single-family Residential: A single-family dwelling unit. A lot with a free-standing building containing one dwelling unit that may include a detached secondary dwelling unit. • Multi-family Residential: Multiple dwelling units contained within one building or several buildings within one complex. • Landscape: Water connections supplying water solely for landscape irrigation. Such landscapes may be associated with multi-family, commercial, industrial, or institutional/government sites, but are considered a separate water use sector if the connection is solely for landscape irrigation. • Commercial: A water user that provides or distributes a product or service. CWC 10608.12 (d). 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-2 • Industrial: A water user that is primarily a manufacturer or processor of materials as defined by the North American Industry Classifications System (NAICS) code sectors 31 to 33, inclusive, or an entity that is a water user primarily engaged in research and development. CWC 10608.12 (h). • Institutional: A water user dedicated to public service. This type of user includes, among other users, higher education institutions, schools, courts, churches, hospitals, government facilities, and nonprofit research institutions. CWC 10608.12(i). • Distribution System Losses: Reporting of system losses is required by the CWC in 2015 UWMPs. Examples of system losses can be seen in Table 5. • Unbilled, Authorized Consumption: water used for firefighting, line flushing, and other authorized but unbilled uses. The City compiles commercial, industrial, and institutional accounts in one category known as “CII.” 3.3 WATER LOSS AND UNBILLED AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION TYPES Water losses can be the result of a variety of issues such as water line leaks, meter inaccuracies, and data handling errors. This is not to be confused with unbilled authorized consumption which accounts for firefighting, mainline flushing, fire flow testing, and other authorized uses of water that are not billed by the City. In 2009, the City began utilizing the American Water Works Association’s (AWWA) Water Audit and Water Balance software to develop a methodology for tracking and reducing non-revenue water and water loss. Water loss for 2015 and projected future water loss can be seen in Table 4. A sample of common water loss and unbilled authorized consumption types can be seen in T able 5. T ABLE 5: Common Water Loss and Unbilled Authorized Consumption Types 3.4 ESTIMATING FUTURE WATER SAVINGS As water savings from codes, standards, ordinances, and transportation and land use plans drive reduction in water demand within the City, CWC 10631 (e) (4) (B) (ii) requires that it is noted in the Urban Water Management Plan that 2020, 2025, 2030, and 2035 water use forecasts do not reflect any representation of water savings from codes, standards, ordinances, or transportation and land use plans. 3.5 LOW INCOME HOUSING The water use projections provided in Table 4 include the projected water use for all future single-family and multi-family housing needed for lower income households, as defined in Section 50079.5 of the Health and Safety Code and the City’s 2015 Housing Element, as required by CWC 10631.1. Table 6 shows quantity and category of lower income housing units as identified in the Housing Element and estimated water use for each housing type. Examples of Water Loss & Unbilled Authorized Consumption Causes Water Loss Mainline & Service Line Leakage Meter Inaccuracies Data Handling Errors Overflow of Storage Tanks Unbilled Authorized Consumption Fire Fighting Mainline Flushing Fire Flow Testing Water Quality Testing 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-3 TABLE 7: Target Method 3 Hydrologic Region Goals Hydrologic Region "2020 Plan" Regional Targets Method 3 Regional Targets (95%) North Coast 137 130 North Lahontan 173 164 Sacramento River 176 167 San Francisco Bay 131 124 San Joaquin River 174 165 Central Coast 123 117 Tulare Lake 188 179 South Lahontan 170 162 South Coast 149 142 Colorado River 211 200 Hydrologic Region "2020 Plan" Regional Targets Method 3 Regional Targets (95%) North Coast 137 130 North Lahontan 173 164 Sacramento River 176 167 San Francisco Bay 131 124 San Joaquin River 174 165 Central Coast 123 117 Tulare Lake 188 179 South Lahontan 170 162 South Coast 149 142 Colorado River 211 200 Source: Department of Water Resources. TABLE 6: Water Demand for Lower Income Housing Units Notes: Estimated water use was calculated using the following conservative water demand rates: Single-Family Units: 0.3 AFY/Unit Multi-Family Units: 0.18 AFY/Unit Source: City of San Luis Obispo, Housing Element, Table 3, Regional Housing Needs Allocation, City of San Luis Obispo, 2014-2019. 3.6 BASELINES AND TARGETS FOR WATER USE REDUCTION BY 2020 The Water Conservation Act of 2009 (SB X7-7) was incorporated into Division 6 of the CWC in 2009. According to the CWC, urban retail water suppliers must include in their urban water management plan the baseline daily per capita water use, along with the basis for determining the estimate, including references to the supporting data. The legislation specifically calls for using the methodologies and criteria developed by the DWR and contained in the guidance document Methodologies for Calculating Baseline and Compliance Urban Per Capita Water Use to determine compliance as required in the years 2015 and 2020. The legislation directs urban water suppliers to adopt one of the four outlined options or Target Methods in the legislation to determine their urban water use targets. As the City has invested in and implemented water conservation programs since 1988, the baseline periods outlined in the SB X7-7 used to create water use targets in 2015 and 2020 are not achievable using Target Method 1, a flat 20 percent reduction from the baseline period. After reviewing and analyzing the considerable resources required to perform Target Methods 2 and 4, the City chose Target Method 3. This method uses the state hydrologic region target as set forth in SB X7-7. This method represents the local climate and geography, it is important to note that the City lies completely within Central Coast Region (Region 3). The Central Coast Region’s 2020 target, expressed in gpcd, is the lowest in the state. Central Coast region goals can be compared with other regions in Table 7. 3.7 Updating Calculations from 2010 UWMP In accordance with CWC 10608.20 (g), and per the recommendation of DWR, the City examined its 2020 Urban Water Use Target and will continue to utilize Method 3 (Hydrologic Region Goals); the City will not change its Target Method. Income Category Single-Family Units Multi-family Units Total Units Estimated Water Use (in acre feet) Extremely Low 0 142 142 25.56 Very Low 0 143 143 25.74 Low 72 107 179 40.86 Total 72 392 464 92.16 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-4 Per DWR’s required use of 2010 U.S. Census data, and to correct for discrepancies between DOF’s projected populations for 2010, and actual census population data for 2010, the City updated the baseline population calculations for the 2015 Urban Water Management Plan. The population corrections have made slight changes to the 10-year average baseline GPCD, and the five-year average baseline gpcd, but have not changed the City’s 2015 Interim, or 2020 Urban Water Use Reduction Goals as defined in Method 3. The 2015 Interim Goal and 2020 Goal still stand at 120 gpcd and 117 gpcd respectively as noted in Table 12. A new requirement in the 2015 UWMP is completion and submission of the SB X7-7 Standardized Tables. These tables compile in-depth information about SB X7-7 and provide proof of compliance with the Water Conservation Act of 2009. A completed list of these standardized tables is provided at the end of this chapter. 3.8 Baseline Periods In 2010 UWMP the City defined both ten-year (Baseline gpcd) and five-year (Target Confirmation) baseline periods; these periods remain unchanged from the 2010 UW MP and are used to establish the 2015 interim, and 2020 Target Goals, along with baseline period per capita figures for water use reduction. Table 8 defines the 10-year baseline period from 1997-2006 and the five-year baseline period from 2004-2008. The methodology used to establish ten-year and five-year baseline periods is included below. As defined by CWC 10608.12 (b), “base daily per capita water use” is defined as: (1) The urban retail water supplier’s estimate of its average gross water use, reported in gallons per capita per day and calculated over a continuous 10-year period ending no earlier than December, 31 2004, and no later than December 31, 2010. Or (2) For an urban water supplier that meets at least 10 percent of its 2008 measured retail water demand through recycled water that is delivered within the service area of urban water supplier or its urban wholesale water supplier, the urban water supplier may extend the calculation described in paragraph (1) up to an additional five years to a maximum continuous period ending no earlier than December 31, 2004, and no later than December 31, 2010. Through analysis of the quantity of total water deliveries made up of recycled water in 2008, it was discovered that the City did not meet the ten percent threshold required to use a 15-year baseline period, leading the City to follow CWC 10608.12 (b) (1) guidance to use a ten-year baseline period. The City’s ten-year baseline period of 1997 to 2006 and corresponding populations, annual gross water use, and daily per capita water use (gpcd) calculations provided by DWR can be viewed in SB X7-7 Table 1. In accordance with CWC 10608.12 (b) the City calculated its five-year baseline average period water use. Ranging from 2004-2008, the five-year time frame was selected in accordance with Methodology 3: Base Daily Per Capita Water Use. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-5 TABLE 8: Baseline Period Ranges 1 If the 2008 recycled water percent is less than ten percent, the first baseline period is a continuous ten-year period. If the amount of recycled water delivered in 2008 is ten percent or greater, the first baseline period is a continuous ten- to 15-year period. 2 The ending year must be between December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2010. 3 The ending year must be between December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2010. NOTE: SB X7-7 Table 1. 3.9 Service Area Population For the 2015 UWMP, the City’s service area boundaries have been found to correspond by 95 percent or more with the city limits. This correspondence allows the City to use Department of Finance population estimates as defined in DWR’s Urban Water Management Guidebook. These population estimates have been updated from the 2010 UWMP to reflect differences in population between the Department of Finance projections and the 2010 Census. Population data for each of the baseline years can be found in Table 10. 3.10 Gross Water Use As defined by CWC 10608.12 (g), “Gross Water Use” means the total volume of water, whether treated or untreated, entering the distribution system of an urban water supplier, excluding all of the following: (1) Recycled water that is delivered within the service area of an urban water supplier or its urban water wholesale water supplier (2) The net volume of water the urban retail water supplier places into long term storage (3) The volume of water the urban retail water supplier conveys for use by another urban water supplier (4) The volume of water delivered for agricultural use, except as otherwise provided in subdivision (f) of Section 10608.24. The City’s gross water use is exclusively comprised of water entering the distribution system from four sources: Salinas Reservoir, Whale Rock Reservoir, Nacimiento Reservoir, and groundwater. Per Methodology 1: Gross Water of the methodologies document, recycled water delivered within the service area is excluded from the calculation of gross water. Water suppliers are not required to report their recycled water use, nor demonstrate any reduction in recycled water use for the purposes of SB X7-7. For detailed information on volume of water that entered the distribution during the baseline periods and in 2015, please refer to Table 9. Baseline Parameter Value Units 10- to 15-year baseline period 2008 total water deliveries 6,359 Acre Feet 2008 total volume of delivered recycled water 90 Acre Feet 2008 recycled water as a percent of total deliveries 1.41 Percent Number of years in baseline period 1 10 Years Year beginning baseline period range 1997 Year ending baseline period range 2 2006 5-year baseline period Number of years in baseline period 5 Years Year beginning baseline period range 2004 Year ending baseline period range 3 2008 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-6 TABLE 9: Annual Gross Water Use Baseline Year Volume Into Distribution System Deductions Annual Gross Water Use Exported Water Change in Dist. System Storage (+/-) Indirect Recycled Water Water Delivered for Agricultural Use Process Water 10 to 15 Year Baseline - Gross Water Use Year 1 1997 6219.76 0 0 0 0 0 6,220 Year 2 1998 5852.94 0 0 0 0 0 5,853 Year 3 1999 6172.13 0 0 0 0 0 6,172 Year 4 2000 6121.19 0 0 0 0 0 6,121 Year 5 2001 5885.52 0 0 0 0 0 5,886 Year 6 2002 6031.44 0 0 0 0 0 6,031 Year 7 2003 5968.75 0 0 0 0 0 5,969 Year 8 2004 6238.95 0 0 0 0 0 6,239 Year 9 2005 6098.43 0 0 0 0 0 6,098 Year 10 2006 5990.47 0 0 0 0 0 5,990 10 - 15 year baseline average gross water use: 6,058 5 Year Baseline - Gross Water Use Year 1 2004 6,239 0 0 0 0 0 6,239 Year 2 2005 6,098 0 0 0 0 0 6,098 Year 3 2006 5,990 0 0 0 0 0 5,990 Year 4 2007 6,416 0 0 0 0 0 6,416 Year 5 2008 6,269 0 0 0 0 0 6,269 5 year baseline average gross water use: 6,203 2015 Compliance Year - Gross Water Use 2015 4,721 0 0 0 0 0 4,721 NOTE: Volume into distribution: Salinas Reservoir, Whale Rock Reservoir, Nacimiento Reservoir, and groundwater. 3.11 Baseline Per Capita Water Use Daily Per Capita Water Use was calculated for the ten-year, five-year, and 2015 compliance year periods (see Table 10). The ten-year average baseline per capita water use was calculated at 123 gpcd while the five-year average baseline per capita water use totaled 124 gpcd. The 2015 compliance year figure of 92 gpcd is extremely low due to the prolonged drought and corresponding conservation efforts. The City believes this number was driven to such a low level in part due to the Governor’s 2015 emergency drought declaration. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-7 TABLE 10: Daily Per Capita Water Use Baseline Year Service Area Population Annual Gross Water Use Daily Per Capita Water Use (GPCD) 10 to 15 Year Baseline GPCD Year 1 1997 42,983 6,220 129 Year 2 1998 43,421 5,853 120 Year 3 1999 43,766 6,172 126 Year 4 2000 44,179 6,121 124 Year 5 2001 44,293 5,886 119 Year 6 2002 44,406 6,031 121 Year 7 2003 44,293 5,969 120 Year 8 2004 44,271 6,239 126 Year 9 2005 44,630 6,098 122 Year 10 2006 44,483 5,990 120 10-15 Year Average Baseline GPCD 123 5 Year Baseline GPCD Baseline Year Service Area Population Gross Water Use Daily Per Capita Water Use Year 1 2004 44,271 6,239 126 Year 2 2005 44,630 6,098 122 Year 3 2006 44,483 5,990 120 Year 4 2007 44,438 6,416 129 Year 5 2008 44,650 6,269 125 5 Year Average Baseline GPCD 124 2015 Compliance Year GPCD 2015 45,802 4,722 92 3.12 2015 and 2020 Targets Per CWC 10608.20 (e), water retailers must include both an urban water use target, and an interim urban water use target in their Urban Water Management Plan. These targets are often referred to as the 2015 interim target and the 2020 target. As detailed in section 3.6, the City will be using Target Method 3 to comply with SB X7-7. As noted in Table 7, the Central Coast Hydrologic Region must reduce the regional goal of 123 gpcd by five percent, effectively establishing a 117 gpcd goal for the City. As a requirement of CWC 10608.22, an urban water supplier’s per capita daily water use reduction shall be no less than five percent base per capita water use as defined in the five-year baseline average. This calculation, and compliance is confirmed Table 11. The Central Coast Region target goal of 117 gpcd requires a six percent reduction in per capita water use, thus satisfying the requirement for at least a five percent reduction. The 2015 interim urban water use target is established by calculating the value halfway between the ten-year baseline gpcd (123 gpcd) and the confirmed target of 117 gpcd listed in Table 12. This value of 120 gpcd is the City’s 2015 interim target. All information and DWR tables used to develop baselines and the resulting targets for 2015 and 2020 can be viewed at the end of this chapter. The summarized information in Table 14 is provided at the recommendation of DWR for quick verification of compliance with the Water Conservation Act of 2009. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-8 TABLE 12: 2015 Interim Target Confirmed 2020 Target 10-15 year Baseline GPCD 2015 Interim Target GPCD 117 123 120 TABLE 11: Confirmed 2020 Targets 5 Year Baseline GPCD Maximum 2020 Target* Calculated 2020 Target Confirmed 2020 Target 124 118 117 117 * Maximum 2020 Target is 95% of the 5 Year Baseline GPCD Notes: 117 GPCD is from Target Method 3 TABLE 13: Baselines and Targets Summary 3.13 Compliance Daily Per Capita Water Use (GPCD) In 2015, the SB X7-7 interim reduction target of 120 GPCD was met and surpassed by the City. 2015 potable water usage and gpcd figures were significantly reduced due to conservation efforts, prolonged drought, and Governor Brown’s April, 2015 drought declaration, requiring a statewide 25 percent reduction in potable water use. Baseline Period Start Year End Year Average Baseline GPCD* 2015 Interim Target * Confirmed 2020 Target* 10 year 1997 2006 123 120 117 5 Year 2004 2008 124 *All values are in Gallons per Capita per Day (GPCD) 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-9 TABLE 15: Average GPCD Timeframe GPCD 10-Year Average (2006-2015) 112 5-Year Average (2011-2015) 104 Pre-drought Average (2006-2011) 117 TABLE 14: 2015 SB X7-7 Compliance In accordance with statewide reduction efforts and Executive Order B-29-15, the City was required to reduce residential gallons per capita daily (RGPCD) consumption by 12 percent from 2013 usage levels. Due to a long history of successful conservation strategies, along with strong community support, the City surpassed both its drought reduction goals and its SB X7-7 interim water use reduction goal of 120 gpcd. Actual 2015 per capita water demand is provided in Figure 4, along with per capita water demand from 2005 (122 gpcd) to 2015 (92 gpcd). Due to the increased conservation efforts and Governor Brown’s statewide emergency drought declaration, City staff believes Based on historic use, 2010 to 2014 water demand may be a more accurate representation of the City’s future post- drought water demand than demand during 2015. Table 15 provides five-year, ten-year, and pre-drought daily per capita averages. Figure 4: 2005 to 2015 Annual per Capita Water Demand (in Gallons) Actual 2015 GPCD 2015 Interim Target GPCD Optional Adjustments to 2015 GPCD 2015 GPCD Did Supplier Achieve Targeted Reduction for 2015? Extraordinary Events Economic Adjustment Weather Normalization TOTAL Adjustments Adjusted 2015 GPCD 92 120 0 0 0 0 92 92 Yes *All values are in Gallons per Capita per Day (GPCD) 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-10 3.14 Required UWMP Standardized Tables: Demands for Potable and Raw Water - Actual Use Type 2015 Actual Additional Description Level of Treatment When Delivered Volume Single Family Drinking Water 1,837 Multi-Family Drinking Water 1,019 Landscape Does not include recycled water Drinking Water 299 Other CII Drinking Water 1,142 Losses Drinking Water 363 Other Unbilled Authorized Drinking Water 62 TOTAL 4,722 NOTES: Other "CII" contains commercial, industrial, and institutional account types UWMP Table 4-1 R (Retail). Demands for Potable and Raw Water - Projected Use Type Additional Description Projected Water Use 2020 2025 2030 2035 Single Family 2,376 2,498 2,625 2,759 Multi-Family 1,318 1,386 1,456 1,531 Landscape Does not include RW 386 406 426 448 Other CII 1,478 1,553 1,632 1,716 Losses 470 494 520 546 Other Unbilled Authorized 80 84 88 93 TOTAL 6,108 6,421 6,747 7,093 NOTES: UWMP Table 4-2 R (Retail). 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-11 Total Water Demands 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Potable and Raw Water From Tables 4-1 and 4-2 4,722 6,108 6,421 6,747 7,093 Recycled Water Demand From Table 6-4 0 0 0 0 0 TOTAL WATER DEMAND 4,722 6,108 6,421 6,747 7,093 NOTES: UWMP Table 4-3 R (Retail). Recycled water is not included here as the City’s recycled water deliveries did not total 10 percent as required for reporting purposes to clearly distinguish recycled water and potable water demand. 12 Month Water Loss Audit Reporting Reporting Period Start Date (mm/yyyy) Volume of Water Loss 01/2015 363.432 NOTES: UWMP Table 4-4 R (Retail). Inclusion in Water Use Projections Are Future Water Savings Included in Projections? No Are Lower Income Residential Demands Included In Projections? Yes NOTES: UWMP Table 4-5 R (Retail). 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-12 3.15 SENATE BILL X7-7 Standardized Tables: SB X7-7 Table 0: Units of Measure Used in UWMP* Acre Feet *The unit of measure must be consistent with Table 2-3 SB X7-7 Table-1: Baseline Period Ranges Baseline Parameter Value Units 10- to 15-year baseline period 2008 total water deliveries 6,359 Acre Feet 2008 total volume of delivered recycled water 90 Acre Feet 2008 recycled water as a percent of total deliveries 1.42% Percent Number of years in baseline period1, 2 10 Years Year beginning baseline period range 1997 Year ending baseline period range3 2006 5-year baseline period Number of years in baseline period 5 Years Year beginning baseline period range 2004 Year ending baseline period range4 2008 1If the 2008 recycled water percent is less than 10 percent, then the first baseline period is a continuous 10-year period. If the amount of recycled water delivered in 2008 is 10 percent or greater, the first baseline period is a continuous 10- to 15-year period. 2 The Water Code requires that the baseline period is between 10 and 15 years. However, DWR recognizes that some water suppliers may not have the minimum 10 years of baseline data. 3The ending year must be between December 31, 2004 and December 31, 2010. 4The ending year must be between December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2010. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-13 SB X7-7 Table 2: Method for Population Estimates Method Used to Determine Population 1. Department of Finance (DOF) DOF Table E-8 (1990 - 2000) and (2000-2010) and DOF Table E-5 (2011 - 2015) when available 2. Persons-per-Connection Method 3. DWR Population Tool 4. Other DWR recommends pre-review SB X7-7 Table 3: Service Area Population Year Population 10 to 15 Year Baseline Population Year 1 1997 42,983 Year 2 1998 43,421 Year 3 1999 43,766 Year 4 2000 44,179 Year 5 2001 44,293 Year 6 2002 44,406 Year 7 2003 44,293 Year 8 2004 44,271 Year 9 2005 44,630 Year 10 2006 44,483 5 Year Baseline Population Year 1 2004 44,271 Year 2 2005 44,630 Year 3 2006 44,483 Year 4 2007 44,438 Year 5 2008 44,650 2015 Compliance Year Population 2015 45,802 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-14 SB X7-7 Table 4: Annual Gross Water Use * Baseline Year Fm SB X7-7 Table 3 Volume Into Distribution System This column will remain blank until SB X7-7 Table 4-A is completed. Deductions Annual Gross Water Use Exported Water Change in Dist. System Storage (+/-) Indirect Recycled Water This column will remain blank until SB X7-7 Table 4- B is completed. Water Delivered for Agricultural Use Process Water This column will remain blank until SB X7-7 Table 4-D is completed. 10 to 15 Year Baseline - Gross Water Use Year 1 1997 6,220 - - 6,220 Year 2 1998 5,853 - - 5,853 Year 3 1999 6,172 - - 6,172 Year 4 2000 6,121 - - 6,121 Year 5 2001 5,886 - - 5,886 Year 6 2002 6,031 - - 6,031 Year 7 2003 5,969 - - 5,969 Year 8 2004 6,239 - - 6,239 Year 9 2005 6,098 - - 6,098 Year 10 2006 5,990 - - 5,990 10 - 15 year baseline average gross water use 6,058 5 Year Baseline - Gross Water Use Year 1 2004 6,239 - - 6,239 Year 2 2005 6,098 - - 6,098 Year 3 2006 5,990 - - 5,990 Year 4 2007 6,416 - - 6,416 Year 5 2008 6,269 - - 6,269 5 year baseline average gross water use 6,203 2015 Compliance Year - Gross Water Use 2015 4,721 - - - 4,721 * NOTE that the units of measure must remain consistent throughout the UWMP, as reported in Table 2-3 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-15 SB X7-7 Table 4-A: Volume Entering the Distribution System(s) Complete one table for each source. Name of Source Salinas Reservoir This water source is: The supplier's own water source A purchased or imported source Baseline Year Fm SB X7-7 Table 3 Volume Entering Distribution System Meter Error Adjustment* Optional (+/-) Corrected Volume Entering Distribution System 10 to 15 Year Baseline - Water into Distribution System Year 1 1997 4186.75 4,187 Year 2 1998 5038.24 5,038 Year 3 1999 4951.54 4,952 Year 4 2000 4863.9 4,864 Year 5 2001 3255.14 3,255 Year 6 2002 3169.55 3,170 Year 7 2003 3730.5 3,731 Year 8 2004 3063.1 3,063 Year 9 2005 1083.37 1,083 Year 10 2006 1659.35 1,659 5 Year Baseline - Water into Distribution System Year 1 2004 3063.1 3,063 Year 2 2005 1083.37 1,083 Year 3 2006 1659.35 1,659 Year 4 2007 1638.78 1,639 Year 5 2008 2437.43 2,437 2015 Compliance Year - Water into Distribution System 2015 492 492 * Meter Error Adjustment - See guidance in Methodology 1, Step 3 of Methodologies Document 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-16 SB X7-7 Table 4-A: Volume Entering the Distribution System(s) Complete one table for each source. Name of Source Whale Rock Reservoir This water source is: The supplier's own water source A purchased or imported source Baseline Year Fm SB X7-7 Table 3 Volume Entering Distribution System Meter Error Adjustment* Optional (+/-) Corrected Volume Entering Distribution System 10 to 15 Year Baseline - Water into Distribution System Year 1 1997 1732.84 1,733 Year 2 1998 525.48 525 Year 3 1999 1061.13 1,061 Year 4 2000 991.47 991 Year 5 2001 2383.39 2,383 Year 6 2002 2693.78 2,694 Year 7 2003 2097.79 2,098 Year 8 2004 3036.21 3,036 Year 9 2005 4867.53 4,868 Year 10 2006 4198.09 4,198 5 Year Baseline - Water into Distribution System Year 1 2004 3036.21 3,036 Year 2 2005 4867.53 4,868 Year 3 2006 4198.09 4,198 Year 4 2007 4676.77 4,677 Year 5 2008 3744.27 3,744 2015 Compliance Year - Water into Distribution System 2015 1,743 1,743 * Meter Error Adjustment - See guidance in Methodology 1, Step 3 of Methodologies Document 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-17 SB X7-7 Table 4-A: Volume Entering the Distribution System(s) Complete one table for each source. Name of Source Groundwater This water source is: The supplier's own water source A purchased or imported source Baseline Year Fm SB X7-7 Table 3 Volume Entering Distribution System Meter Error Adjustment* Optional (+/-) Corrected Volume Entering Distribution System 10 to 15 Year Baseline - Water into Distribution System Year 1 1997 300.17 300 Year 2 1998 289.21 289 Year 3 1999 159.46 159 Year 4 2000 265.83 266 Year 5 2001 246.98 247 Year 6 2002 168.11 168 Year 7 2003 140.46 140 Year 8 2004 139.63 140 Year 9 2005 147.52 148 Year 10 2006 133.04 133 5 Year Baseline - Water into Distribution System Year 1 2004 139.63 140 Year 2 2005 147.52 148 Year 3 2006 133.04 133 Year 4 2007 100.75 101 Year 5 2008 86.88 87 2015 Compliance Year - Water into Distribution System 2015 43 43 * Meter Error Adjustment - See guidance in Methodology 1, Step 3 of Methodologies Document 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-18 SB X7-7 Table 4-A: Volume Entering the Distribution System(s) Complete one table for each source. Name of Source Nacimiento Reservoir This water source is: The supplier's own water source A purchased or imported source Baseline Year Fm SB X7-7 Table 3 Volume Entering Distribution System Meter Error Adjustment* Optional (+/-) Corrected Volume Entering Distribution System 10 to 15 Year Baseline - Water into Distribution System Year 1 1997 0 Year 2 1998 0 Year 3 1999 0 Year 4 2000 0 Year 5 2001 0 Year 6 2002 0 Year 7 2003 0 Year 8 2004 0 Year 9 2005 0 Year 10 2006 0 5 Year Baseline - Water into Distribution System Year 1 2004 0 Year 2 2005 0 Year 3 2006 0 Year 4 2007 0 Year 5 2008 0 2015 Compliance Year - Water into Distribution System 2015 2,442 2,442 * Meter Error Adjustment - See guidance in Methodology 1, Step 3 of Methodologies Document 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-19 SB X7-7 Table 5: Gallons Per Capita Per Day (GPCD) Baseline Year Fm SB X7-7 Table 3 Service Area Population Fm SB X7-7 Table 3 Annual Gross Water Use Fm SB X7-7 Table 4 Daily Per Capita Water Use (GPCD) 10 to 15 Year Baseline GPCD Year 1 1997 42,983 6,220 129 Year 2 1998 43,421 5,853 120 Year 3 1999 43,766 6,172 126 Year 4 2000 44,179 6,121 124 Year 5 2001 44,293 5,886 119 Year 6 2002 44,406 6,031 121 Year 7 2003 44,293 5,969 120 Year 8 2004 44,271 6,239 126 Year 9 2005 44,630 6,098 122 Year 10 2006 44,483 5,990 120 10-15 Year Average Baseline GPCD 123 5 Year Baseline GPCD Baseline Year Fm SB X7-7 Table 3 Service Area Population Fm SB X7-7 Table 3 Gross Water Use Fm SB X7-7 Table 4 Daily Per Capita Water Use Year 1 2004 44,271 6,239 126 Year 2 2005 44,630 6,098 122 Year 3 2006 44,483 5,990 120 Year 4 2007 44,438 6,416 129 Year 5 2008 44,650 6,269 125 5 Year Average Baseline GPCD 124 2015 Compliance Year GPCD 2015 45,802 4,721 92 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-20 SB X7-7 Table 6: Gallons per Capita per Day 10-15 Year Baseline GPCD 123 5 Year Baseline GPCD 124 2015 Compliance Year GPCD 92 SB X7-7 Table 7: 2020 Target Method Target Method Supporting Documentation Method 1 SB X7-7 Table 7A Method 2 SB X7-7 Tables 7B, 7C, and 7D Method 3 SB X7-7 Table 7-E Method 4 Method 4 Calculator NOTES: Central Coast Hydrologic Region SB X7-7 Table 7-A: Target Method 1 10-15 Year Baseline GPCD 2020 Target GPCD 123 98 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-21 SB X7-7 Table 7-E: Target Method 3 Agency May Select More Than One as Applicable Percentage of Service Area in This Hydrological Region Hydrologic Region "2020 Plan" Regional Targets Method 3 Regional Targets (95%) North Coast 137 130 North Lahontan 173 164 Sacramento River 176 167 San Francisco Bay 131 124 San Joaquin River 174 165 100% Central Coast 123 117 Tulare Lake 188 179 South Lahontan 170 162 South Coast 149 142 Colorado River 211 200 Target (If more than one region is selected, this value is calculated.) 117 SB X7-7 Table 7-F: Confirm Minimum Reduction for 2020 Target 5 Year Baseline GPCD From SB X7-7 Table 5 Maximum 2020 Target1 Calculated 2020 Target2 Confirmed 2020 Target 124 118 117 117 1Maximum 2020 Target is 95% of the 5 Year Baseline GPCD except for suppliers at or below 100 GPCD. 22020 Target is calculated based on the selected Target Method, see SB X7-7 Table 7 and corresponding tables for agency's calculated target. NOTES: 117 gpcd is from Target Method 3 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 3-22 SB X7-7 Table 8: 2015 Interim Target GPCD Confirmed 2020 Target Fm SB X7-7 Table 7-F 10-15 year Baseline GPCD Fm SB X7-7 Table 5 2015 Interim Target GPCD 117 123 120 SB X7-7 Table 9: 2015 Compliance Actual 2015 GPCD 2015 Interim Target GPCD Optional Adjustments (in GPCD) 2015 GPCD (Adjusted if applicable) Did Supplier Achieve Targeted Reduction for 2015? Enter "0" if Adjustment Not Used TOTAL Adjustments Adjusted 2015 GPCD Extraordinary Events Weather Normalization Economic Adjustment 92 120 - - - - 92 92 YES 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 4-1 Salinas Reservoir Chapter 4: Water Sources The City is the sole water purveyor within the city limits. This allows the City to maintain uniformity of water service and distribution standards, and to be consistent in developing and implementing water policy. As the sole water purveyor, the City maintains control over water quality, distribution, and service to users of the system, as well as ensuring consistency with the General Plan policies and goals. The City’s General Plan Water and Wastewater Management Element (WWME), was originally adopted in 1987. The WWME identifies multiple water sources to meet the City’s projected short and long-term water demands. Having several sources of water avoids dependence on any one source that may not be available during a drought or other water supply reduction or emergency. There is generally greater reliability and flexibility if sources are of different types (such as surface water, recycled water, and groundwater) and if the sources of one type are in different locations (such as reservoirs in different watersheds). Consistent with this concept, the City obtains water from multiple sources: Salinas Reservoir (Santa Margarita Lake), Whale Rock Reservoir, Nacimiento Reservoir, and recycled water from the City’s Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF). Groundwater has also been utilized in the past and is considered an available supplemental water supply. The following sections discuss each of the City’s water sources. 4.1 SALINAS RESERVOIR The Salinas Reservoir (also known as Santa Margarita Lake) is located on the upper Salinas River, approximately nine miles southeast of the community of Santa Margarita. The project was originally built by the War Department to ensure an adequate water supply for Camp San Luis Obispo, as well as the City of San Luis Obispo. The dam and appurtenances were declared surplus by the War Department on April 14, 1947 and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers assumed responsibility for the facilities. On July 11, 1947, the Corps entered into an agreement with the San Luis Obispo County Flood Control and Water Conservation District (District) for the operation and maintenance of the dam and related facilities. The City has an agreement with the Corps for the water from the reservoir. Operation and Distribution Salinas Reservoir is formed by a concrete arched dam. Immediately following construction, the reservoir had an estimated storage capacity of 26,000 acre-feet, surface area of 793 acres, and a drainage area of 112 square miles. As a result of siltation since the original construction, the reservoir capacity has been reduced. Water is conveyed from Salinas Reservoir through 48,700 feet (9.2 miles) of 24-inch diameter reinforced concrete pipe to a three million gallon regulating reservoir at Santa Margarita booster pump station near the northerly base of Cuesta Grade adjacent to Highway 101. The pipeline is designed to flow by gravity from the Reservoir to the regulating reservoir when the lake level is above the elevation of 1,267 feet. A booster pump station at the base of the dam, consisting of two horizontal centrifugal pumps, is capable of maintaining the rated flow of 12.4 cubic feet per second (cfs) when the water surface elevation falls below 1,267 feet. Three electrically-driven horizontal centrifugal pumps at the Santa Margarita booster station pump water through 6,810 feet of 24-inch diameter reinforced concrete pipe to the entrance portal of the Cuesta Tunnel, which runs 5,327 feet through the mountains near Cuesta Grade. From the outlet portal of the tunnel, water is conveyed through an 18-inch diameter steel pipeline a distance of 5,133 feet to the City's turnout point. From the turnout, an 18-inch diameter pipe runs 4,180 feet to the site of Reservoir #2 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 4-2 Whale Rock Reservoir on Stenner Creek Road. From there, a pipeline that varies from 24-inches to 30-inches in diameter conveys the water by gravity to the water treatment plant 5,930 feet downstream. The operation and maintenance of the dam and water conveyance system (to the City’s turnout) are the responsibility of San Luis Obispo County Flood Control and Water Conservation District. The City pays all operating and capital costs associated with the reservoir and transmission system (excluding any recreational activities). 4.2 WHALE ROCK RESERVOIR Whale Rock Reservoir is located on Old Creek approximately one-half mile east of the community of Cayucos. The project was planned, designed, and constructed under the supervision of the State Department of Water Resources. Construction took place between October 1958 and April 1961. The reservoir is jointly owned by the City, the California Men's Colony, and the California Polytechnic State University at San Luis Obispo. These three agencies form the Whale Rock Commission which is responsible for operational policy and administration of the reservoir. Day-to-day operation is provided by the City. The City owns 55.05 percent of the water storage rights at the reservoir. The remaining water storage rights are apportioned between the two State agencies with Cal Poly owning 33.71 percent and the California Men’s Colony owning 11.24 percent. Operation and Distribution Whale Rock Reservoir is formed by an earthen dam and was able to store an estimated 40,662 acre-feet of water at the time of construction. The project facilities consist of a 30-inch pipeline, two pumping stations, 2.1 miles of trails and a fishing access facility, maintenance facility and offices, and a structure used as a private residence. City staff is responsible for ongoing maintenance and operation of the reservoir, including the inlet and outlet structures, reservoir structural instrumentation, access roads, daily reservoir level readings and climatological data, reservoir patrol and security, pipelines and pumping stations, water meters, cathodic protection systems, and other associated duties. Staff also monitors public fishing access to the lake during trout season (April to November). The conveyance system delivers water from the reservoir to the Whale Rock Commission member agencies located between the reservoir and the City. Outlets from the pipeline exist for water deliveries to Chorro Reservoir and water treatment plant (operated by the California Men's Colony), Cal Poly State University, the Cayucos water treatment facility and the City's W ater Treatment Plant. In addition, water can be delivered to the Dairy Creek Golf Course under terms of an agreement between the California Men’s Colony and the County of San Luis Obispo. The Whale Rock pipeline is approximately 17 miles long, connecting the reservoir to the member agencies, and terminates at the City's water treatment plant. The design capacity of the pipeline is 18.94 cubic feet per second (approximately 8,500 gallons per minute). The line consists of modified pre- stressed concrete cylinder pipe at most locations. Cement mortar lined steel pipe is used at creek crossings and junctions. The pipeline has surge protection consisting of eight-inch, globe type, diaphragm -actuated pressure relief valves which protect the line from excessive pressures. The cathodic protection system consists of sacrificial anodes and test stations located in areas subject to galvanic corrosion. Previous inspections made during routine maintenance and repairs indicate the pipeline to be in good condition. A pipeline condition analysis project will be conducted in the near future to identify possible pipeline deficiencies and maintenance activities designed to ensure reliable water delivery. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 4-3 Two pump stations transmit the water along the pipeline to member agencies. The first pump station is located in Cayucos at Chaney Way (elevation 44 feet). The second station is located near Camp San Luis Obispo, approximately six miles southeast of Morro Bay (elevation 181 feet). Each station has five 200 horsepower pumps which are capable of delivering various flow rates requested by member agencies. Upgrades to both pump stations, which included the addition of two pumps at each station, were completed in August 1993. Six pumps and motors were replaced in 2004. Operating Agreements Several agreements establish policies for the operation of the Whale Rock system and actions of the member agencies. A brief description of the existing agreements follows: A) Agreement for the construction and operation of the Whale Rock Project, 1957, set forth the project's capital cost distribution to the member agencies. B) A supplemental operating agreement, 1960, established the Whale Rock Commission and apportioned the operating costs. C) Downstream water rights agreement (original 1958 agreement was amended and replaced with a new agreement in April 1996) established water entitlements for adjacent and downstream water users. The downstream water users (Cayucos Area Water Organization or CAWO) affected by this agreement consist of three public water purveyors and the cemetery. In addition to the agencies, water entitlements were identified for separate downstream land owners. D) A decision and order by the Fish and Game Commission of the State of California, October 24, 1964, required the Whale Rock Commission to stock the reservoir with 17,500 rainbow trout (between six and eight inches long) each year. The State Department of Fish and Game has directed that no fish be planted in the reservoir to protect the existing fish population in the reservoir (landlocked steelhead) E) Superior Court decision #36101, 1977, required the Whale Rock Commission to allow public entry to the reservoir for fishing. In 1981, construction was completed on access trails and sanitary facilities at the reservoir, and public fishing began at the lake. Entitlements are as follows: Downstream Water Users Allocation Cayucos Area Water Organization ("CAWO") 600 acre-feet Paso Robles Beach Water Association 222 Morro Rock Mutual Water Company 170 County Water District #10A 190 Cayucos-Morro Bay Cemetery District 18 Mainini 50 Ogle 14 Total Downstream Entitlement: 664 acre-feet Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2016. F) An agreement for water allocation and operational policy between the agencies forming the Whale Rock Commission. The agreement established the accounting procedures to allow each agency to carry over excess or deficit water each year. The operating policies were amended in 1996 to allow agencies to utilize their water supplies in the reservoir as needed by their agency. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 4-4 G) An agreement between the Whale Rock Commission and the California Men's Colony, 1990, to establish maintenance and operation criteria for the Chorro Booster pumps. The Chorro Booster pumps were installed by the Commission on the California Men's Colony turnout from the Whale Rock line to reduce system pressures required to provide full flow to the California Men's Colony water treatment plant. Pump station maintenance, per the agreement, is the responsibility of the California Men's Colony. H) An agreement between the Whale Rock Commission and the County of San Luis Obispo for connection to the Whale Rock pipeline, 1995, allowed a pipeline connection to deliver water to the Dairy Creek Golf Course. Typically, the golf course uses reclaimed water from the California Men’s Colony Wastewater Treatment Plant. Water from Whale Rock Reservoir can be delivered when reclaimed water is not available under the terms of the agreement. I) A consent to common use agreement, 1996, between the Whale Rock Commission and the County of San Luis Obispo. The agreement allowed the installation of the State Water pipeline at seven locations within the existing Whale Rock pipeline easement. J) An agreement, 2006, for exchange of water between the City of San Luis Obispo and the San Luis Obispo County Service Area No. 10A. The agreement allows for the exchange of up to 160 acre feet per year of Nacimiento water for water from Whale Rock Reservoir. County Service Area 10A currently only has an entitlement of 40 acre feet from the Nacimiento Project. 4.3 NACIMIENTO RESERVOIR In 1959, the San Luis Obispo Flood Control and Watershed Protection District entered into an agreement with Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation District (now Monterey County Water Resources Agency) to secure rights to 17,500 acre-feet of water per year from Nacimiento Reservoir. Nacimiento Reservoir is located entirely within San Luis Obispo County, California (County), and was built by Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation District who continues to control reservoir ownership and operations. The reservoir has a storage capacity of 377,900 acre-feet and serves the purpose of abating seawater intrusion in the groundwater aquifers of the Salinas River Valley. The Nacimiento Reservoir also provides flood protection and is a source of water supply for groundwater recharge for the Salinas Valley. 1,750 AFY of the County’s entitlement have been designated for uses around the lake, leaving 15,750 AFY for allocation to other areas within the County of San Luis Obispo. The “dependable yield” from Nacimiento Reservoir is the contractual amount of water that the City has rights to from Nacimiento Reservoir. The original amount contracted for was 3,380 acre-feet per year. Engineering studies, environmental impact reports, dependable yield analyses, and preliminary design reports were undertaken in an effort to meet the various water needs within the County. In 2004, the County requested interested agencies to approve the contractual agreements for participation in the Nacimiento Project. The four initial project participants included the cities of San Luis Obispo and Paso Robles, the Atascadero Mutual Water Company, and the Templeton Community Services District. All of these agencies executed participation agreements with San Luis Obispo County for entitlements of water which totaled 9,630 acre feet. On June 29, 2004, the City Council authorized participation in the Nacimiento Water Project for the delivery of the original 3,380 acre-feet of water. In 2004, the County Service Area 10A in Cayucos became a project participant (25 AFY). The County began construction in 2007 on a 45-mile pipeline project to deliver water from the Nacimiento Reservoir to participating agencies and cities. The facilities consist of a multi-port intake structure, three pump stations, three storage tanks, 45 miles of pipeline, four turnouts, a control center, and a Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) and Project control system. The Project budget was $176-million, including design, construction, construction management, 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 4-5 environmental permitting, and right-of-way. Pipeline construction and related water delivery facilities were completed in the fall of 2010 with water deliveries to the City beginning in January of 2011. In March 2016, the City Council approved the addition of 2,102 afy from Nacimiento Reservoir to the City’s secondary water supply. This addition brought the City’s total Nacimiento Reservoir Allocation to 5,482 afy. Secondary water supplies are used to meet short-term losses to the City’s water supply due to events such as drought, pipeline maintenance, and repair of infrastructure. With uncertainty of future climatic conditions, regulation and aging infrastructure, the additional supply of Nacimiento water to the City’s portfolio reduces pressure on use of water supplies in the Whale Rock and Salinas reservoirs. It would serve to extend these stored supplies during future critical water shortage periods. 4.4 GROUNDWATER The principal source of groundwater for the City is the San Luis Obispo Valley Groundwater Basin. The basin is fifteen square miles and is drained by San Luis Obispo Creek. It extends from the northern limits of the City and continues southerly along the alignment of the creek to just south of Buckley Road. In the Los Osos Valley area, the basin extends four miles west to the Los Osos Basin, which includes the community of Los Osos/Baywood Park. The City's major source of water was groundwater and local creeks until 1944 when the City began to use water from Salinas Reservoir. In 1943, the City pumped 1,380 acre-feet of groundwater. Groundwater was used again during the summer of 1948, when 440 acre-feet was pumped. From that point on until 1989, most groundwater in the City was used by agriculture and very little was used for domestic consumption. As a result of the drought beginning in 1986 and decreasing surface water supplies, the City activated groundwater wells in 1989 to meet the City's water demand. In 1990, at the height of the drought, the City had seven potable wells which accounted for approximately 50 percent of the water supplied during that period. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 4-6 Current groundwater use includes one non-potable well and two irrigation wells. The City's municipal groundwater well is offline. The Corp Yard well was established during the drought of 1987-91 to serve as an alternative source of water for construction-related activities prior to the City’s recycled water program. Over the years, the well, which was minimally monitored, was used by both San Luis Obispo citizens and properties from outside the City for various purposes ranging from landscape irrigation to water for livestock. Because of the current extreme drought conditions, many property owners from outside the City limits have become reliant on the well for domestic non-potable water uses such as flushing toilets. The City placed limitations on the use of the Corp Yard well in 2015 and it is only available for use under a valid permit issued by the City. Two wells are still in use for irrigation at the City’s golf course. TABLE 16: City Wells Well Name Location Use Pacific Beach #1 11950 Los Osos Valley Road Potable, Offline Corp Yard 25 Prado Road Non-potable Laguna Golf Course #1 11175 Los Osos Valley Road Irrigation Laguna Golf Course #2 11175 Los Osos Valley Road Irrigation Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2016. Consistent with Policy A 3.2.3 from the City’s General Plan Water and Wastewater Management Element, the City does not rely on groundwater to meet long-term water demand. In 2015, the City relied on groundwater to supply 43 acre-feet of potable water. Table 17 shows the City’s groundwater production for 2011 through 2015. The City will continue to use groundwater for domestic purposes, though as this source is only being used minimally at present, Table 19 does not identify any City groundwater production in the future. These production amounts do not include agricultural and private groundwater pumping by others. The Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) is a statewide policy that empowers local agencies to adopt groundwater management plans that relate to the needs and resources of their communities. In the future, the City sees groundwater continuing to play an important and useful role in the balancing of its overall water supply portfolio. As of May 2016, preliminary studies are underway but the quantity of groundwater available is unknown at this time. No groundwater management plan has been prepared for the basin; however, the basin has been defined to be in overdraft and is listed as a medium priority basin under SGMA. Associated with this listing is the requirement to form a Groundwater Sustainability Agency by mid-2017 and create a Groundwater Sustainability Plan by 2022. TABLE 17: City Groundwater Production Basin Name 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 San Luis Obispo Valley (Basin 3-9) 100.08 92.68 76.66 125.58 43.46 NOTES: 1. Water volumes are in acre-feet per year. 2. Department of Water Resources, Table 6-1. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2016. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 4-7 4.5 WATER SUPPLY SUMMARY The following tables provide information for each source of water utilized by the City in 2015. The City utilized water from its multi-source supply in a coordinated manner. Conceptually, the City will use its contractual water supply from Nacimiento Reservoir first, with Whale Rock and Salinas used as needed to meet the City’s overall potable water demand. In 2016, this contractual water supply was increased from 3,380 acre-feet to 5,482 acre-feet annually, with the additional 2,102 acre-feet as a secondary water supply for use during water shortages. In the year projected by this UWMP, the City assumes it will continue to use these water supplies in this coordinated manner. Recycled water was used at over 40 metered locations for landscape irrigation and construction water uses. TABLE 18: 2015 Actual Water Supplies Water Supply Sources 2015 Water purchased from: SLO County Flood Control and Water Conservation District (Nacimiento Reservoir) 2,677 Supplier-produced groundwater 43 Supplier-produced surface water (Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs) 2,000 Recycled Water 187 Total 4,908 NOTES: 1. Water volumes are in acre-feet per year, and rounded to the nearest acre-foot. 2. Department of Water Resources, Table 6-8. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2016. TABLE 19: Actual and Projected Water Supplies Water Supply Sources 2020 2025 2030 2035 Water purchased from: Wholesaler supplied volume (yes) SLO County Flood Control and Water Conservation District All 5,482 5,482 5,482 5,482 Supplier-produced groundwater 0 0 0 0 Supplier-produced surface water 626 939 1,265 1,611 Recycled Water 250 300 350 400 Total 6,358 6,721 7,097 7,493 Projected Population: 48,826 51,317 53,934 56,686 NOTES: 1. Water volumes are projected using population projections from Table 2. 2. Water volumes are in acre-feet per year. 3. Department of Water Resources, Table 6-8 and 6-9. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2016. 4.6 TRANSFERS AND EXCHANGE OPPORTUNITIES The City of Morro Bay and the Whale Rock Commission (which the City of San Luis Obispo is a member agency) executed an agreement in June of 2000 which provides for Mutual Aid between the agencies during disruption of water deliveries or lack of available water supplies. The agreement provides a general framework for exchanging water between agencies in the event of emergencies or other water disruptions. The agreement is voluntary based on each agency’s ability to assist at any point in the future. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 4-8 The City is also a member of the California Water/Wastewater Agency Response Network (CalWARN). This organization functions in coordination with the State Office of Emergency Services (OES) to support and promote statewide emergency preparedness, disaster response, and mutual assistance matters for public and private water and wastewater utilities. The San Luis Obispo County Service Area No. 10 (Cayucos) and the City have a water exchange agreement which was executed in October of 2006. The agreement allows for an exchange of Whale Rock Reservoir water for an equal amount of Nacimiento Lake water. The agreement allows for a future maximum exchange amount of up to 160 afy. The County Service Area No. 10A is a participant in the Nacimiento Project for a maximum entitlement of 40 afy and the Bella Vista Mobile Home Park, also a Nacimiento Project participant, may receive a maximum of 10 afy. Therefore, the table below reflects the current maximum exchange amount of 50 acre feet per year. TABLE 20: Transfer and Exchange Opportunities Transfer Agency Transfer or Exchange Short-term or long-term Proposed Volume City of Morro Bay (emergency supply) Transfer Short-Term unknown San Luis Obispo County Service Area No.10 Exchange Long-Term 50 Total 50 NOTES: 1. Water volumes are in acre-feet per year. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2016. 4.7 FUTURE WATER PROJECTS In 2004, the City entered into an agreement with San Luis Obispo County to participate in the Nacimiento Pipeline Project. Water deliveries from the Nacimiento Reservoir began in January 2011. According to the City’s water supply accounting policies, the City’s water supply will satisfy the need of existing and future residents and businesses as identified in the City’s General Plan adopted in 2014. The City Council elected to take the full allocation of Nacimiento in March 2016 adding an additional 2,102 afy to the City’s water supply portfolio to ensure water supply resiliency. The City is studying the expansion of its current potable groundwater program. As described further in Chapter 5, the design phase for the upgrade of the WRRF is underway in 2016 to accommodate General Plan buildout and maximize recycled water production. The upgrade will enable the City to pursue potable reuse in the future. 4.8 DESALINATED WATER OPPORTUNITIES Desalination is a viable technology which is not rainfall dependent. Desalination activities can have significant negative environmental impacts and significant energy requirements which drive up the cost of desalinized water. The major disadvantages of desalination are the cost, potential for environmental impacts, and significant energy demand. Desalination is currently being used or considered for use by multiple local agencies and could potentially be a water supply consideration in the future if the City’s current supplies prove to be inadequate or insufficiently resilient. Desalination is not being pursued by the City at this time although future advances in desalination technology may create opportunities to utilize this resource. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 4-9 4.9 Required UWMP Standardized Tables: Retail: Groundwater Volume Pumped Groundwater Type Location or Basin Name 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Alluvial Basin San Luis Obispo Valley 100.08 92.68 76.66 125.58 43.46 TOTAL 100 93 77 126 43 NOTES: Table 6-1 R. Retail: Water Supplies — Actual Water Supply Additional Detail on Water Supply 2015 Actual Volume Water Quality Total Right or Safe Yield (optional) Surface water Nacimiento Reservoir 2,677 Drinking Water Surface water Whale Rock Reservoir 1,461 Drinking Water Surface water Salinas Reservoir 539 Drinking Water Groundwater San Luis Basin 43 Drinking Water Recycled Water City of San Luis Obispo WRRF 187 Recycled Water Total 4,908 0 NOTES: Table 6-8 R. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 5-1 Chapter 5: Recycled Water This chapter was prepared to fulfill the requirements of Section 10633 (a-g) of California Water Code Division 6, Article 2, Part 2.6 regarding the City’s recycled water supply. As defined in Water Code Section 13050(n), “Recycled Water” means water which as, a result of treatment of waste, is suitable for a direct beneficial use or a controlled use that would not otherwise occur and is therefor considered a valuable resource. The City produces and distributes recycled water consistent with the regulatory requirements described below and therefore meets the minimum requirements to be classified as recycled water in this UWMP. These regulations, as set forth in Title 22, Division 4 of the California Code of Regulations, Wastewater Recycling Criteria (Title 22) and the conditions and requirements contained in the City’s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Permit Number R3-2003-081 prescribed by the RWQCB, establish specific criteria for treatment, distribution, and application of recycled water within the state. The RWQCB and Division of Drinking W ater (DDW) have a memorandum of understanding in which DDW agrees the RWQCB will be the implementing agency responsible for permitting recycled water programs. The RWQCB Master Permit for Recycled Water is the guiding document for most of the City’s requirements. In accordance with the Master Permit (WDR Order No. 03-2003-081, October 24, 2003), the City complies with the following: 1. Meter the total quantity of reclaimed water distributed daily, 2. Monitor and record chlorine residual concentration at a point after the final chlorine contact basin, 3. Provide guidance to recycled water users including a user manual and other guidance as needed, 4. Provide instruction to all City field staff to report incidents of unauthorized daytime irrigation activity or runoff, 5. Cooperate with County Environmental Department of Health Services to ensure backflow devices are present, tested and repaired or replaced if found defective, 6. Inspect the operation of reuse sites, 7. Perform cross connection testing, 8. Conduct site supervisor training and quarterly interviews to verify system operation, and 9. Quarterly review of monthly meter readings with follow-up on change in patterns of use. The City also complies with minimum daily average discharge requirements from the WRRF to San Luis Obispo Creek for protection of downstream biological resources as required by National Oceanic Atmospheric Association, National Marine Fisheries Service (NOAA NMFS). 5.1 WASTEWATER COLLECTION, TREATMENT, AND DISPOSAL The City’s wastewater collection system serves residential, commercial and industrial customers within the city limits. The City also provides service to Cal Poly and the County of San Luis Obispo Airport. The City’s WRRF is located on Prado Road, adjacent to U.S. 101 in the southern portion of the City. The design flow rate at the W RRF is 5.1 million gallons per day (MGD), with a 2015 average daily flow of 2.74 MGD. The WRRF discharges to San Luis Obispo Creek. The City’s Water Reuse Project, which included improvements at the WRRF and the construction of eight miles of recycled water distribution system, was completed in October of 2006. The recycled water pump station was designed to provide up to 1,750 gallons per minute (gpm) of recycled water at a pressure of approximately 130 pounds per square inch (psi). Maximum design capacity is approximately 2.5 MGD. The distribution system was designed to serve the City with one pressure zone. Recycled water storage is provided by one-600,000 gallon underground storage tank located at the W RRF. The existing recycled water pump station was designed to accommodate future expansion with space for two additional pumps at the WRRF. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 5-2 TABLE 21: Recycled Water Usage 2011-2015 Year Usage (in acre feet) 2011 77.17 2012 89.95 2013 138.07 2014 152.63 2015 187.4 Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2016. The recycled water distribution system extends to the east and west from the WRRF in the southern portion of the City (See Figure 5). The distribution system was designed to supply irrigation water to several existing City parks, the City’s Laguna Lake Golf Course, a middle school, Caltrans landscape medians, and four future development areas. Recycled water is provided to Caltrans from a metered connection near the WRRF, which is adjacent to U.S. Highway 101. Caltrans utilizes recycled water to irrigate landscape areas along the entire highway corridor through the City, which was previously supplied with potable water. Annual usage for 2011 through 2015 is provided in Table 21. The City’s W RRF produced over 3,000 acre-feet of disinfected tertiary-treated effluent in 2015. The City is required to maintain a minimum average daily release, year-round, of treated effluent to San Luis Obispo Creek at a rate of 2.5 cubic feet per second (cfs), or approximately 1.6 mgd to provide a flow volume adequate to support habitat for anadromous fish species within San Luis Obispo Creek. This rate totals a minimum of 1,807 acre feet per year of creek discharge. The City monitors the release of effluent through an effluent meter at the WRRF. The balance, approximately 1,250 acre feet in 2015, makes up the City’s available recycled water resource (See Table 22). The design phase for the upgrade of the W RRF to accommodate buildout under the City’s General Plan and maximize recycled water production is underway in 2016. When the W RRF is expanded in the future it will have an estimated treatment capacity of 5.4 mgd. The upgrade will enable the City to consider potable reuse in the future. Potable reuse is discussed more in section 5.7 of this Chapter. 5.2 CURRENT RECYCLED WATER USE In 2015, recycled water was delivered to over 40 metered locations in the City for landscape irrigation. Additional sites will continue to be connected to the recycled water distribution system with new development in the City. Other notable recycled water demand figures: • Average Daily Demand in July, August and September 2015 was over 292,000 gallons. • Peak Daily Demand was over 534,000 gallons on June 17, 2015. • Peak Monthly Demand was over 9.3 million gallons during August 2015. The City began issuing annual construction water permits in July 2009. During the 2015-16 fiscal year over 40 construction water permits were sold. Permit holders have access to an unlimited supply of recycled water for dust control and compaction on construction sites in the City. The City has metered wharf head hydrant filling stations on the recycled water distribution system, at the City’s Corporation Yard and within the WRRF. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 5-3 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 5-4 T ABLE 22: 2015 Influent Flow and Recycled Water Availability Average Influent Flow to WRF (MGD) Treated Effluent Produced (AFY) Minimum Average Daily Creek Release (MGD)1 Minimum Annual Creek Release (AFY) Average Daily Recycled Water Availability (MGD) Annual Recycled Water Availability (AFY) 1 2015 Average Flow 2.74 3,066 1.6129 1,807 1.13 1,259 Future Flow at WRRF Design Capacity 5.4 5,966 1.6129 1,807 3.79 4,159 NOTES: 1. 2015 data was derived from WRRF average monthly influent data. Future annual recycled water volume is based on the design capacity of the WRRF of 5.4 mgd in the design phase in 2016. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2016. 5.3 FUTURE SYSTEM EXPANSION This section discusses the City’s 2004 Water Reuse Master Plan (2004 Master Plan) including the potential for future expansion of the City’s recycled water system, and projected recycled water usage in 2020, 2025 and 2030, and 2035. The City’s 2004 Master Plan included the following goals: 1. Increase the City’s safe annual yield by utilizing recycled water for non-potable purposes, thereby offsetting the use of potable water. 2. Develop a dependable water supply to meet a portion of the City’s non-potable demand. 3. Efficiently manage the City’s water resources. 4. Provide non-potable water to meet future non-potable demand. At that time, the City estimated that demand existed for approximately 1,000 acre-feet of recycled water annually including a 380 AFY groundwater exchange program, serving recycled water for landscape irrigation to the Orcutt, Margarita, and Airport Specific Plan areas, as well as retrofits of existing irrigation systems to use recycled water. A number of factors have changed since the adoption of the 2004 Master Plan related to water demand and wastewater generation. Per capita water demand is down from 126 gallons per capita per day (gpcd) in 2004 to 92 gpcd in 2015. The average daily and monthly influent flows to the WRRF have also decreased since the 2004 Master Plan reported the average flow as 4.5 mgd (a 2003 figure) to 2.74 mgd in 2015. This average daily flow is further lowered during the summer months while the student population associated with Cal Poly is away (mid-June to mid-September), thus reducing the available recycled water supply during the peak irrigation season. The 2004 Master Plan included a 380 AFY groundwater exchange program whereby the City’s recycled water supply would be exchanged for a potable ground water supply that was used to irrigate agricultural land outside the City limits. This included both Dalidio Groundwater Exchange and South Higuera Groundwater Exchange. Since that time, the City elected not to pursue a groundwater exchange program due to the significant operating cost of utilizing groundwater supplies. Water deliveries under this program, which was 38 percent of the projected 1,000 AFY recycled water demand identified in the 2004 Master Plan, was intended to be delivered off-peak from landscape irrigation deliveries. Projected recycled water use for 2020 through 2035 is provided in Table 23. Table 24 revisits estimates made in the 2010 UWMP for 2015 and actual 2015 recycled water deliveries. The City is updating the 2004 Master Plan to address changed conditions experienced since 2004. The update will provide the City the opportunity to model the expansion of the recycled water distribution system, update future recycled water users, and planned system expansion. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 5-5 TABLE 23: Potential Future Recycled Water Use Beneficial Use Type General Description of 2015 Uses Level of Treatment 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Landscape irrigation (excludes golf courses) Irrigation at parks, school, medians, etc. Tertiary 128 135 175 200 235 Golf course irrigation Laguna Lake Golf Course Tertiary 17 15 15 15 15 Commercial use Irrigation at commercial sites Tertiary 27 30 35 60 75 Other: Construction Water Construction Water Permit program Tertiary 15 20 25 25 25 Total: 187 200 250 300 350 NOTES: 1. Water volumes are in acre-feet per year. 2. Department of Water Resources, Table 6-4. 3. Projected recycled water usage for 2020 to 2035 is based on the City’s knowledge of planned projects identified in the City’s General Plan Land Use Element to be served with recycled water (including the Margarita Area, Orcutt Area, Airport Area, Avila Ranch Area, San Luis Ranch Area, and Madonna on LOVR). Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2016. TABLE 24: 2010 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2015 Actual Deliveries Use Type 2010 Projection for 2015 2015 Actual Use Agricultural irrigation 0 0 Landscape irrigation (excludes golf courses) 100 128 Golf course irrigation 20 17 Commercial use 80 27 Other: Construction Water 0 15 Total 200 187 NOTES: 1. From the 2005 Urban Water Management Plan. 2. Includes parks, schools, medians and streetscape, and common area landscape with residential Home Owners Associations. 3. Includes commercial building landscaping. 4. Water volumes are in acre-feet per year. 5. Department of Water Resources, Table 6-5. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2016. 5.4 RECYCLED WATER PROGRAM INCENTIVES For approximately five years (2005 to 2010), the City’s Capital Improvement Plan identified $250,000 annually for expansion of the recycled water distribution system and user site modifications of existing irrigation systems necessary to utilize recycled water. The Master Plan included this strategy for expanding the use of recycled water in the near term. The strategy was to fund level expenditures each year and add new users from the existing distribution system. Although this funding is not in place for the current Financial Plan due to other priorities in the Water Fund, system expansion will continue in the future until such point that no additional sites are available or are deemed not cost beneficial to retrofit. At that point, the Council could decide to proceed with additional expansion of the system. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 5-6 The City adopted a mandatory use ordinance for recycled water in 2004. The policy, codified in the Municipal Code as Chapter 13.24, allows the City to require the use of recycled water on parcels when considered feasible. The code language is as follows: 13.24.010 Statement of Policy When in the judgment of the city, reclaimed water service can be feasibly provided to a particular parcel for particular uses, the utilities director shall require the use of reclaimed water in lieu of potable water for those uses. As used herein, the term “feasible” means reclaimed water is available for delivery to the property in compliance with all applicable federal, state, and local laws, ordinances and regulations and such reclaimed water can be delivered to the property at an overall cost to the user which does not exceed the overall cost of potable water service (Ord. 1403 § 1,2001). The mandatory use ordinance is an important element of the City’s recycled water program. The ordinance eliminates the need to provide true financial incentive or economic motivation to small volume users, which are ultimately expected to make up a significant portion of the City’s overall recycled water demand. Funding mechanisms or incentives may be required to achieve user site retrofits of existing irrigation systems. In 2016, the metered rate charged for recycled water is 90 percent of the potable water rate. A permit to utilize recycled water for construction is available for an annual fee. These costs will be reviewed by the City in a rate study in 2016. 5.5 SEASONAL SURPLUS The City has identified a “seasonal surplus” of recycled water available in excess of required discharge to the creek (1.6129 million gallons per day or mgd as required by the National Oceanic and Atmosopheric Association, National Marine Fisheries Service) and recycled water for landscape irrigation. The primary use of recycled water in the City is for landsacpe irrigation with 76 percent of the City’s recycled water demand occuring from May through October. During 2015, 187 acre feet of recycled water was used for landscape irrigation and construction water. As only a limited amount of landscape irrigation takes place from November to April (seasonal off-peak period), more than 2 mgd of recycled water is available during the seasonal off-peak period. Related to this seasonal surplus, the following goal and program was added to the General Plan, Water and Wastewater Management Element in 2010: Goal A7.1.2 Maximize the use of the City’s available recycled water supply for approved uses. Program A 7.3.4 Consider the potential to deliver available recycled water supplies to customers outside the city limits, including analysis of policy issues, technical concerns, and cost recovery, provided it is found to be consistent with the General Plan. With the update to the General Plan, Land Use Element in 2014 the following policy was added: 1.13.2. Recycled Water Provision of recycled water outside of City limits may only be considered in compliance with Water and Wastewater Element Policy A 7.3.4 and the following findings: A. Non-potable/recycled water is necessary to support continued agricultural operations. B. Provision of non-potable/recycled water will not be used to increase development potential of property being served. C. Non-potable/recycled water will not be further treated to make it potable. D. Prior to provision of non-potable/recycled water, the property to be served will record a conservation, open space, Williamson Act, or other easement instrument to maintain the area being served in agriculture and open space while recycled water is being provided. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 5-7 The upgrade of the Water Resource Recovery Facility will enable the City to consider potable reuse in the future, part of a One Water concept. T ABLE 25: Methods to Expand Recycled Water Use Name of Action Description Planned Implementation Year Expected Increase in Recycled Water Use Mandatory Use Ordinance adopted 2004 300 Sale of Seasonal Surplus Under study Unknown Unknown Potable Reuse Under study Unknown Unknown Total 300 NOTES: 1. Water volumes are in acre-feet per year. 2. Department of Water Resources, Table 6-6. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2016. 5.6 POTABLE REUSE The design phase for the upgrade of the W RRF is underway in 2016 to accommodate General Plan buildout and maximize recycled water production. The upgrade will enable the City to consider potable reuse, part of a One Water concept, in the future. Direct potable reuse is the planned introduction of recycled water either directly into a public water system, as defined in Section 116275 of the Health and Safety Code, or into a raw water supply immediately upstream of a water treatment plant. Direct potable reuse is a practice which is not currently occurring in California; however, the feasibility of implementing direct potable reuse is currently being reviewed by an expert panel supported by the DDW. The panel will provide recommendations to the DDW by December 2016 to: • Advise DDW on public health issues and scientific and technical matters regarding the feasibility of developing uniform water recycling criteria for direct potable reuse. • Assess what, if any, additional areas of research are needed to be able to establish uniform water recycling criteria for direct potable reuse. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 5-8 Indirect potable reuse occurs when tertiary or advanced treated wastewater augments drinking water resources. The two types of indirect potable reuse are: • Indirect potable reuse for groundwater recharge ‐ where recycled water recharges a groundwater basin and groundwater is later extracted from the basin. • Surface water augmentation – where recycled water is added into a surface water reservoir used as a source of domestic drinking water supply. Indirect potable use does not actually occur until the water is subsequently pumped from the ground or withdrawn from the reservoir, treated, and added to the drinking water distribution system. Indirect potable reuse through groundwater recharge has occurred in California since 1962. Title 22, Division 4, Chapter 3, Article 5.1 (CCR §60320 et seq) describes the permitting and monitoring process required to obtain a RWQCB permit for groundwater recharge. Indirect potable reuse through surface water augmentation is not currently permitted in California, but regulations are being drafted and are expected to be completed by December 31, 2016. Like groundwater recharge with recycled water, surface water augmentation will only occur with a permit and monitoring requirements from a RWQCB. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 5-9 5.7 Required UWMP Standardized Tables: Wastewater Collected Within Service Area in 2015 100 Percentage of 2015 service area covered by wastewater collection system (optional) 100 Percentage of 2015 service area population covered by wastewater collection system (optional) Wastewater Collection Recipient of Collected Wastewater Name of Wastewater Collection Agency Wastewater Volume Metered or Estimated? Volume of Wastewater Collected in 2015 Name of Wastewater Treatment Agency Receiving Collected Wastewater Treatment Plant Name Is WWTP Located Within UWMP Area? Is WWTP Operation Contracted to a Third Party? City of San Luis Obispo Metered 3,066 City of San Luis Obispo City of San Luis Obispo Yes No Total Wastewater Collected from Service Area in 2015: 3,066 NOTES: Table 6-2 R. Wastewater Treatment and Discharge Within Service Area in 2015 Wastewater Treatment Plant Name Discharge Location Name or Identifier Discharge Location Description Wastewater Discharge ID Number (optional) Method of Disposal Does This Plant Treat Wastewater Generated Outside the Service Area? Treatment Level 2015 volumes Wastewater Treated Discharged Treated Wastewater Recycled Within Service Area Recycled Outside of Service Area City of San Luis Obispo Water Resource Recovery Facility San Luis Obispo Creek Creek outfall R3-2014-0033 River or creek outfall Yes Tertiary 3,066 2,878 187 0 Total 3,066 2,878 187 0 NOTES: Table 6-3 R. Wastewater Treatment and Discharge Within Service Area in 2015 Beneficial Use Type General Description of 2015 Uses Level of Treatment 2015 2020 2025 2030 2035 Agricultural irrigation None 0 Landscape irrigation (excludes golf courses) Irrigation at parks, school, medians, etc. Tertiary 128 135 175 200 235 Golf course irrigation Laguna Lake Golf Course Tertiary 17 15 15 15 15 Commercial use Irrigation at commercial sites Tertiary 27 30 35 60 75 Other: Construction Water Construction Water Permit program Tertiary 15 20 25 25 25 Total: 187 200 250 300 350 NOTES: Table 6-4 R. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 5-10 2010 UWMP Recycled Water Use Projection Compared to 2015 Actual Use Type 2010 Projection for 2015 2015 actual use Agricultural irrigation 0 0 Landscape irrigation (excludes golf courses) 100 128 Golf course irrigation 20 17 Commercial use 80 27 Other: Construction Water 0 15 Total 200 187 NOTES: Table 6-5 R. Retail: Methods to Expand Future Recycled Water Use Page 5-6 Provide page location of narrative in UWMP Name of Action Description Planned Implementation Year Expected Increase in Recycled Water Use Mandatory Use Ordinance adopted 2004 300 Sale of Seasonal Surplus Under study Unknown Unknown Potable Reuse Under study Unknown Unknown Total 300 NOTES: Table 6-6 R. Expected Future Water Supply Projects or Programs No expected future water supply projects or programs that provide a quantifiable increase to the agency's water supply. Supplier will not complete the table below. Some or all of the supplier's future water supply projects or programs are not compatible with this table and are described in a narrative format. Page 5-6 Provide page location of narrative in the UWMP NOTES: Table 6-7 R. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 6-1 Chapter 6: Water Supply Reliability This chapter discusses the City’s water supply reliability and presents the projected supplies available during a single dry water year and during multiple-dry water years. As directed by DWR, this chapter was prepared based on what is known by the City at the time the UWMP was prepared. Actions that would be undertaken during a short-term water supply emergency, such as drought or a catastrophic supply interruption, are addressed in the Water Shortage Contingency Plan included in Chapter 8. The City uses multiple water sources to meet projected short and long-term water demands and implements water efficiency and demand management measures to balance the long-term reliability. Having several sources of water avoids dependence on any one source that may not be available during a drought or other water supply reduction or emergency. There is generally greater reliability and flexibility if sources are of different types (such as surface water, recycled water, and groundwater) and if the sources of one type are in different locations (such as reservoirs in different watersheds). Consistent with this concept, the City obtains water from multiple sources: Salinas Reservoir (Santa Margarita Lake), Whale Rock Reservoir, Nacimiento Reservoir, and recycled water from the City’s Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF). Groundwater has also been utilized in the past and is considered an available supplemental water supply. The City does not import water from outside the local region. All components are necessary to maximize the available water resources. As a signatory of the California Urban Water Conservation Council’s (CUWCC) Memorandum of Understanding for Urban Water Conservation since 1991, the City has completed the implementation of all the Best Management Practices (BMPs) for water retailers. A full discussion of the City’s water demands reduction efforts are included in Chapter 7. 6.1 SALINAS AND WHALE ROCK RESERVOIRS For Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs, the City uses a computer model to simulate the operation of these two water supply sources over a historical period to determine “safe annual yield” or the quantity of water which can be withdrawn every year to accommodate City water demand. Salinas Reservoir and Whale Rock Reservoir are in geographically and climatologically distinct watersheds. Salinas Reservoir has a higher evaporation rate and larger watershed than W hale Rock Reservoir, but smaller storage capacity -- about 60 percent of the storage capacity of Whale Rock Reservoir. Whale Rock Reservoir has a smaller watershed, as compared to Salinas Reservoir, but greater storage capacity. Whale Rock experiences a lower evaporation rate as it is close to ocean. Coordinated operation of the two reservoirs results in maximization of safe annual yield. This approach increases the long-term water supply from these two sources. The City’s safe annual yield from the coordinated operation of Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs is 6,940 acre feet. As required by General Plan, Water and Wastewater Management Element, policy A3.3.2: The City will update the safe annual yield computer model for Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs following severe drought periods to determine if any changes are necessary to the safe annual yield amount. After the current drought has a “bookend” the safe annual yield of the reservoirs will be recalculated. Related changes to safe annual yield will be incorporated into planning scenarios. 6.2 RECYCLED WATER With a 2015 average influent flow of 2.74 million gallons per day, the City’s WRRF produces over 3,000 acre-feet of disinfected tertiary-treated effluent per year. A minimum of 1,807 acre-feet is discharged to San Luis Obispo Creek annually to provide satisfactory habitat and flow volume for fish species 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 6-2 (steelhead trout) within the Creek environment. The balance makes up the City’s available recycled water resource which is available for approved uses. A consistent flow of wastewater to the W RRF enables the City to produce a volume of recycled water that exceeds identified seasonal demand for landscape irrigation. Recycled water is considered a reliable water supply. Information on recycled water is provided in Chapter 5. 6.3 NACIMIENTO RESERVOIR In 2002, the San Luis Obispo County Flood Control and Water Conservation District (District) retained the services of Boyle Engineering Corporation to assess the ability of the Nacimiento Reservoir to reliably provide the District’s entitlement of 17,500 acre feet per year to the District contractors. As part of the analysis, the study took into account the agreement with the Monterey County Water Resources Agency (MCWRA), which owns and operates the Nacimiento Reservoir facilities, that stipulates that the District entitlement through operational procedures will be “preserved” in the reservoir due to MCWRA being contractually obligated to maintain a “minimum pool” for the benefit of the District. This enables the District to maintain deliveries to the participating agencies even when reservoir levels are low, meaning that unless the water storage capacity drops below the “dead pool” of the reservoir, the District’s entitlement will always be available. The study took into account the following factors: • Short-term power outages • Delivery facility failure • Energy costs • Drought • Contamination of supply • Environmental restrictions Upon completion of the analysis relating to drought conditions, the study summarized that even though there have been several periods of drought, both short-term and long-term, the total annual entitlement for the District could be delivered. During the worst case drought on record (2012 to 2014), Nacimiento Reservoir continues to be a resilient water supply capable of providing a consistent and reliable source of water for San Luis Obispo County which includes the City’s contracted amount of 5,482 acre feet per year. Interlake Tunnel Project An Interlake Tunnel Project has been proposed by Monterey County to create a connection between Lake Nacimiento and Lake San Antonio. The goal of the project is to redirect water to fill the excess capacity typically available in Lake San Antonio. While the Interlake Tunnel Project has the potential to increase water storage up to 60,000 afy in Lake San Antonio, it is unclear if the diversion from Lake Nacimiento would result in any changes in reliability to water availability of the County’s 17,500 afy entitlement. The City will be closely monitoring the project to ensure its water rights are protected. 6.4 GROUNDWATER Consistent with Policy A 3.2.3 from the City’s General Plan, Water and Wastewater Management Element, the City will continue to use groundwater for domestic purposes when available. As described in Chapter 4, groundwater may be available to the City as a supplemental supply during a water shortage emergency. In 2016, The City is planning capital improvements to enhance the City’s ability to extract, treat, and utilize groundwater to meet a portion of the City’s potable water demand. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 6-3 The San Luis Obispo Valley Basin has been defined to be in overdraft and is listed as a medium priority basin under SGMA. Associated with this listing is the requirement to form a Groundwater Sustainability Agency by mid-2017 and create a Groundwater Sustainability Plan by 2022. 6.5 WATER QUALITY A summary of the water quality from the City’s various water sources is provided in Table 26. The City has no known water quality constraints that would make a water source unavailable for potable water use. The City’s 2015 Annual Water Quality Report is provided in Appendix V. TABLE 26: Water Quality Current and Projected Water Supply Impacts Water Source Water Quality Nacimiento Reservoir Drinking Water Salinas Reservoir Drinking Water Whale Rock Reservoir Drinking Water Groundwater Drinking Water Recycled Water Title 22, Tertiary Treated Recycled Water Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2016. 6.6 WATER SUPPLY RELIABILITY ANALYSIS A regulatory requirement of the UWMP is to perform a water supply reliability analysis applying different worst case drought years according to stringent guidelines set forth in the UWMP plan documentation. The following tables provide data on the reliability of the City’s water supply during normal, single-dry, and multiple-dry water years. The City is confident in the reliability of its multi-source water supply portfolio. Table 27 lists the years which correlate to the guidelines for the specific water year type and are based on rainfall information dating back to the year 1870. The City’s average water year was determined to be 1943 as rainfall totals most closely compared to the City’s average rainfall total. The City’s single dry water year was determined to be 2013 as the rainfall total in 2013 was the lowest on record. The City’s multiple dry year scenario was determined to be 2012 to 2014 as the combined rainfall total for those three years was the lowest on record. TABLE 27: Basis of Water Year Data Water Year Type Base Year(s) Volume Available Average Water Year 1943 12,622 Single-Dry Water Year 2013 12,622 Multiple-Dry Water Years, 1st year 2012 12,622 Multiple-Dry Water Years, 2nd year 2013 12,622 Multiple-Dry Water Years, 3rd year 2014 12,622 NOTES 1. Department of Water Resources, Table 7-1. 2. Units are in acre-feet per year. 3. Volume available includes the City’s contractual supply to Nacimiento Reservoir, Safe Annual Yield from Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs, and recycled water. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2016. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 6-4 The City makes projections of future water demand using a conservative per capita potable water use rate of 117 gpcd which is the City’s SB X7-7 target. Table 28 summarizes the results of that analysis which, based on the City’s available water supplies and estimates of future water demand, indicates the City’s water resources are reliable during extended drought periods. TABLE 28: Supply and Demand Comparison Normal Year 2020 2025 2030 2035 Supply totals 12,622 12,672 12,722 12,772 Demand totals 6,599 6,975 7,369 7,779 Difference 6,023 5,697 5,353 4,993 NOTES 1. Department of Water Resources, Table 7-2. 2. Units are in acre-feet per year. 3. Supply total includes the City’s contractual supply to Nacimiento Reservoir, Safe Annual Yield from Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs, and recycled water use which will increase over time. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2016. Table 29 and Table 30 summarize the City’s water supplies in a single dry year and a multiple dry year scenario. T ABLE 29: Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison 2020 2025 2030 2035 Supply totals 12,622 12,672 12,722 12,772 Demand totals 6,599 6,975 7,369 7,779 Difference 6,023 5,697 5,353 4,993 NOTES 1. Units are in acre-feet per year. 2. Department of Water Resources, Table 7-3. 3. Demand totals are projected using 117 gpcd. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 6-5 TABLE 30: Multiple Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison 2020 2025 2030 2035 First year Supply totals 12,622 12,622 12,622 12,622 Demand totals 6,314 6,001 5,675 5,329 Difference 6,308 6,621 6,947 7,293 Second year Supply totals 12,622 12,622 12,622 12,622 Demand totals 6,314 6,001 5,675 5,329 Difference 6,308 6,621 6,947 7,293 Third year Supply totals 12,622 12,622 12,622 12,622 Demand totals 6,314 6,001 5,675 5,329 Difference 6,308 6,621 6,947 7,293 NOTES 1. Department of Water Resources, Table 7-4. 2. The urban water targets determined in this UWMP were considered when developing the 2020 water demands included in this table. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department The City’s General Plan, W ater and Wastewater Management Element, identifies policies that create a Reliability Reserve and Secondary Water Supply in an effort to reduce the impacts of a water shortage on the community. The Reliability Reserve, found in the City’s Charter, provides a buffer for future unforeseen or unpredictable long-term impacts to the City’s available water resources such as loss of yield from an existing water supply source and impacts due to climate change. The City’s secondary water supply is the amount needed to meet peak water demand periods or short-term loss of City water supply sources. The City’s Secondary Water Supply is identified as any water supply resources above those needed to meet the primary water supply and reliability reserve. 6.7 Required UWMP Standardized Tables: Basis of Water Year Data Year Type Base Year Available Supplies if Year Type Repeats Agency may provide volume only, percent only, or both Volume Available % of Average Supply Average Year 1943 12,622 100% Single-Dry Year 2013 12,622 Multiple-Dry Years 1st Year 2012 12,622 Multiple-Dry Years 2nd Year 2013 12,622 Multiple-Dry Years 3rd Year 2014 12,622 NOTES: Table 7-1(R) 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 6-6 Normal Year Supply and Demand Comparison 2020 2025 2030 2035 Supply totals (autofill from Table 6-9) 12,622 12,672 12,722 12,772 Demand totals (autofill from Table 4-3) 6,599 6,975 7,369 7,779 Difference 6,023 5,697 5,353 4,993 NOTES: Table 7-2(R) Single Dry Year Supply and Demand Comparison 2020 2025 2030 2035 Supply totals 12,622 12,672 12,722 12,772 Demand totals 6,599 6,975 7,369 7,779 Difference 6,023 5,697 5,353 4,993 NOTES: Table 7-3(R) Multiple Dry Years Supply and Demand Comparison 2020 2025 2030 2035 First year Supply totals 12,622 12,672 12,722 12,772 Demand totals 6,599 6,975 7,369 7,779 Difference 6,023 5,697 5,353 4,993 Second year Supply totals 12,622 12,672 12,722 12,772 Demand totals 6,599 6,975 7,369 7,779 Difference 6,023 5,697 5,353 4,993 Third year Supply totals 12,622 12,672 12,722 12,772 Demand totals 6,599 6,975 7,369 7,779 Difference 6,023 5,697 5,353 4,993 NOTES: Table 7-4(R) 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 7-1 Chapter 7: Water Conservation & Demand Management Measures 7.1 HISTORY Water conservation is an integral part of the City’s overall water management strategy and was first referenced as a part of the water management policies in 1973. In 1985, the City adopted the Annual Water Operational Plan policy that established water conservation as a means of extending water supplies during projected water shortages. Many technological and philosophical changes have occurred since that time, proving that water conservation can be used for both a short-term corrective measure, for immediate water supply shortages, and as a long-term solution to water supply reliability. The City’s long-term water conservation plan is embedded in California Urban Water Conservation Council’s Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) regarding water conservation and the implementation of the Best Management Practices (BMPs). In September 1991, the City Council approved the signing of the MOU and has approved, through the City’s financial planning process, the implementation of the BMPs since that time. Table 31 lists the CUWCC’s BMPs and implementation status which are consistent with the Demand Management Measure (DMM) provisions in the Urban Water Management Planning Act. As signatory to the MOU and reporting member of the California Urban Water Conservation Council (CUWCC), the City has submitted the necessary documentation to the CUWCC and has received certification stating the City has met coverage requirements for the Foundational BMPs and gallons per capita consumption option therefore meeting the compliance criteria in the Act and CWC 10631 (i) regarding the Demand Management Measures. Brief summaries of the City’s Demand Management Measures have been provided below to provide additional detail about the City’s water conservation program. The City’s CUWCC coverage reports and other information regarding the status of the implementation of each measure are detailed in Appendix VI. 7.2 WATER CONSERVATION PROGRAM HIGHLIGHTS The Utilities Department’s Utilities Services section implements the City’s core water conservation programs. Examples of successful program activities are: 1. Enforcement of all water conservation related municipal codes 2. Monthly site inspections of properties with suspected leaks and inefficient uses of water 3. Enforcement of the toilet retrofit upon sale program 4. Facilitation of the Department’s school education contract 5. Implementation of the Department’s public outreach and communication programs 6. Monitoring of citywide per capita water demand 7. Water use surveys, audits and inspections 8. Implementation of conservation rebate and giveaway programs 9. Management of the City’s recycled water program Through the City’s water conservation programs and policies, potable water use has been reduced from 182 gpcd in 1987 to 92 gpcd in 2015, well below its SBX7-7 interim goal of 120 gpcd and its compliance year goal of 117 gpcd. With the continuation of the demand management measures listed below, the City anticipates continuous compliance with both the CUWCC’s MOU and all state conservation mandates in 2020 and well into the future. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 7-2 TABLE 31. Water Demand Management Measures Demand Management Measures and California Urban Water Conservation Council BMPs CUWCC BMP Organization and Names (2009 MOU) UWMP DMMs Status Type Category BMP # BMP Name DMM # DMM Name Compliant Foundational Utility Operations Programs 1.1 Operations Practices i, vi Water waste prevention ordinances / Water conservation program coordination and staffing support Yes 1.2 Water Loss Control v Programs to assess and manage distribution system real loss Yes 1.3 Metering with Commodity Rates for All New Connections and Retrofit of Existing Connections ii Metering Yes 1.4 Retail Conservation Pricing iii Conservation pricing Yes Education Programs 2.1 Public Information Programs iv Public education and outreach Yes 2.2 School Education Programs iv Public education and outreach Yes NOTES: Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2016. 7.3 WATER WASTE PREVENTION ORDINANCES According to the DWR 2015 UWMP Guidebook, a water waste ordinance that explicitly states the waste of water is to be prohibited must be adopted. In an effort to promote the responsible use of water and minimize water waste, the City’s water waste prohibitions are included in Chapter 13.07 of the City’s Municipal Code, which defines water waste as follow: 13.07.020 – Water runoff prohibited. A. No person shall cause any water delivered by the city water system to flow away from property owned, occupied or controlled by such person in any gutter, ditch or in any other manner over the surface of the ground, so as to constitute water waste runoff. B. “Water waste runoff” means water flowing away from property and which is caused by excessive application(s) of water beyond reasonable or practical flow rates, water volumes or duration of application. (Ord. 1089 § 1 (part), 1987) In accordance with City Municipal Code 13.07.030, when deemed necessary in the judgment of the City Council to conserve water during critical water periods, the City Council may also by resolution declare an emergency condition and do any or all of the following which in its judgment is deemed advisable after publication of notice thereof in a newspaper of general circulation distributed in the city or after reasonable notice thereof is otherwise given by the city to users: 1. Limit irrigation within the City water service area to specified hours, or prohibit irrigation entirely within the service area or any portion or portions thereof; 2. Limit all customers inside the City water service area to specified maximum usages of water for each category of users; 3. Implement other water conservation measures as deemed appropriate. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 7-3 7.4 METERING In accordance with the 2015 UWMP guidebook and CWC 527 (a) (1), the City has metered all of its services connections. Having all service connections metered encourages water conservation by effectively billing customers for the quantity of water consumed, forming a relationship between water consumed and total cost of the water bill. Meter replacement programs exist for all customer classes in order to replace aged meters with newer meters that register water more efficiently, ensuring that all water consumed by customers is billed for and accounted for by the City to the extent feasible. Water meters are replaced based on age of meter and also as defective or under-registering meter types are discovered. These replacements ensure that accurate consumption data is delivered to both the customer and the utility. 7.5 CONSERVATION PRICING According to the DWR 2015 UWMP Guidebook, retail water agencies need to describe the pricing structure that is used by the water agency. Conservation pricing is designed to discourage wasteful water habits and encourage conservation. CUWCC BMP 1.4 (Appendix VI) identifies a water rate structure that is no more than 30 percent flat charge as encouraging and supporting conservation habits. As shown in Appendix VI, the City’s water rate structure meets the requirements of the UWMP and CUWCC as a rate that encourages conservation. 7.6 PUBLIC EDUCATION AND OUTREACH The City has used public education and outreach as a mechanism for decreasing water use in the City and for promoting water conservation since the 1970s. The City’s public outreach and education programs currently include the following: 1. Quarterly Resource Newsletter 2. Social media use (Facebook, Twitter, Instagram) 3. Billing inserts 4. Streaming videos 5. Direct mail 6. High use mailers 7. Drought/conservation portal on City website 8. Funding for SLO Waterwise Landscaping website 9. Various newspaper articles 10. Monthly KCBX public radio drought updates 11. Booth at biannual SLO Home Show 12. Booth at yearly SLO Preparedness Expo 13. Booth at Thursday downtown Farmers Market (26 times a year) 14. Host of Community Water Forum 15. School education programs (K-12) 16. Annual meetings with local home owners associations The City’s public education and outreach programs are continually adapting to ensure that the messaging stays effective and relevant. 7.7 PROGRAMS TO ASSESS AND MANAGE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM REAL LOSS The City has been conducting annual AWWA water loss audits since 2009. Water loss statistics identified from the AWWA water audits can be viewed in detail in Chapter 3 and Appendix IV. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 7-4 In order to reduce water loss, the City conducts service line replacement projects based on service line age and condition, along with extensive programs to replace defective polybutylene service lines that have been identified to have a high likelihood of failure. Water meter replacement programs exist to replace meters based on age, consequence of failure, and likelihood of failure. Along with these maintenance programs, the City also implements a valve exercising program that ensures water mains can be isolated during repairs to minimize the amount of water lost during water main breaks and repairs. During 2014 and 2015 the City finished a water master plan which identifies and prioritizes future maintenance and capital improvement projects which will reduce future water loss due to infrastructure failure. 7.8 WATER CONSERVATION PROGRAM COORDINATION AND STAFFING SUPPORT The Utilities Services section of the Utilities Department manages and implements water conservation programs for the City. This section consists of a manager who coordinates the conservation programs, three full time Utilities Services Technicians, and temporary staffing as needed. Many support services such as the school education program and elements of the public outreach pr ogram are provided by contract to ensure the City meets its conservation goals and promotes responsible water use. 7.9 OTHER DEMAND MANAGEMENT MEASURES For over five years the City has implemented cost-effective programs that will increase water efficiency citywide. The City has voluntarily implemented the following DMMs and plans to continue implementing all DMMs and BMPs into the future. The following is a description of these additional programs. Water Audits The Utilities Department’s Utilities Services section offers free indoor and outdoor water audits to customers who have high water use or would like to reduce their water consumption. These audits provide information about irrigation reduction methods, proper toilet maintenance, low flow fixtures installation, and general information on methods for reducing water use. This service is often offered proactively to customers who have unexplained high use, water waste violations, or other instances where audits could provide potential water savings. Customers can request a free water audit on the City’s website. Rebate Programs In response to the Governor’s Emergency Drought Declaration, the City Council authorized $100,000 in support of effective rebate programs in June 2015. $100 dollar rebates were provided for qualified toilet and washing machine replacements. Going forward, staff will be examining the expansion of these rebate programs to include other types water demand reductions. Retrofit Upon Sale Program The City’s Retrofit Upon Sale Program requires the replacement of high flow toilets when a home has a change of ownership or major remodel. This program has existed since the early 1990’s and along with several other toilet replacement programs, has reduced the City’s long term water demand by an estimated 1,500 acre-feet per year. All properties that have been certified to have low flow toilets are shown via a user-friendly online mapping tool at slowater.org. This tool also provides the City with a database that can be used to help project the effectiveness of future toilet rebate, offset, and replacement programs. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 8-1 Chapter 8: Water Shortage Contingency Plan Developing and maintaining a multi-source water supply portfolio to increase resiliency against water shortages has been a City priority for many years. A water shortage occurs when water supplies are insufficient to support demand. A water shortage could occur due to drought, earthquake, infrastructure failure, or other emergency. Droughts occur with unpredictable frequency, intensity, and duration. The Department of W ater Resources defines drought as “A deficiency of precipitation over an extended period of time resulting in a water shortage for some activity, group, or environmental sector” This Water Shortage Contingency Plan (WSCP) provides the foundation for a staged response to worsening water shortage conditions. 8.1 WATER SHORTAGE DETERMINATION The degree of the water supply shortage determines the necessary level of response from the City and customers. When determining a water shortage stage the City evaluates the following: • Water demand across customer categories • Water availability at each supply source • Available water supply options including supplemental water supplies The City utilizes a water projection model, testing both hypothetical and actual water demand scenarios, to analyze current water storage at each reservoir and to predict how long the water supplies are available. The model takes into account the total storage in the three reservoirs, in conjunction with other available resources, needed to meet the City’s water demand. The model uses historical hydrologic information based on the average for the worst drought period (2012 to 2014). This worst case climate data is the assumed conditions for all model runs. Other data included in the model are: • Water Entitlement (contractual or percentage) • Current reservoir level • Gallons per capita per day water demand • Rainfall • Temperature • Evaporation • Existing population • Future population growth Utilizing a water projection model as part of its water supply management enables the City to foresee whether a water supply shortage is anticipated in any given year, and the severity of a shortage based on the availability of the City’s different sources of supply and trends in demand. The model also has the ability to input increased temperature and evaporation rates, along with decreased precipitation to allow the impacts of varying climate change scenarios to be examined. 8.2 DECLARING A WATER SHORTAGE The City is guided by the requirements in the California W ater Code in declaring a water shortage. These requirements include the following: CWC Section 350. The governing body of a distributor of a public water supply, whether publicly or privately owned and including a mutual water company, may declare a water shortage emergency condition to prevail within the area served by such distributor whenever it finds and determines that the ordinary demands and requirements of water consumers cannot be satisfied without depleting the water supply of the distributor to the extent that there would be insufficient water for human consumption, sanitation, and fire protection. CWC Section 351. Excepting in event of a breakage or failure of a dam, pump, pipe line or conduit causing an immediate emergency, the declaration shall be made only after a public hearing at which consumers of 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 8-2 such water supply shall have an opportunity to be heard to protest against the declaration and to present their respective needs to said governing board. CWC Section 352. Notice of the time and place of hearing shall be published pursuant to Section 6061 of the Government Code at least seven days prior to the date of hearing in a newspaper printed, published, and circulated within the area in which the water supply is distributed, or if there is no such newspaper, in any newspaper printed, published, and circulated in the county in which the area is located. Per the CWC, the City would provide the legally required notice of the time and place of any hearing related to declaring a water shortage at least seven days in advance. The shortage declaration will be accompanied by adoption of a Water Shortage Ordinance establishing regulations and procedures for implementing various water shortage stages. An Ordinance is generally needed when the intent is to regulate persons or property or impose fines. A draft Water Shortage Ordinance is provided in Appendix VI. 8.3 WATER SHORTAGE RESPONSE A water shortage response relies on the City’s ability to temporarily augment supply and/or reduce water demand. The City’s water shortage response would combine a variety of elements from outreach to enforcement, each increasing in intensity as the shortage persists. The City’s demand reduction targets focus on water use limits and prohibitions that will reduce non-essential use, such as imposition of restrictions on outdoor irrigation. Implementation of these restrictions is necessary to conserve the City’s water supply for the greatest public benefit regarding domestic use, sanitation and fire protection. This section reviews the general strategies the City will employ to mitigate the impacts of water shortage on the community. Voluntary Reduction Measures All customers may be asked to voluntarily reduce their water usage during a water shortage. The City may provide water conservation tips and suggestions through various public outreach methods, encourage and distribute conservation devices such as low flow shower heads and faucet aerators, discourage excessive outdoor watering, and encourage landscaping with drought tolerant plants. Voluntary reductions measures are described in more detail in Section 8.3 Mandatory Reduction Measures The City may place mandatory reduction measures on certain uses, such as restricting outdoor watering to prescribed times and number of days per week beginning in the Watch Stage, with days and times for landscape watering further limited in later stages. Mandatory reduction measures may limit specific methods of irrigation (i.e., sprinkler ban). The seasonal increase in water demand underscores the importance of implementing outdoor landscape‐focused reduction programs. An average of approximately 50 percent of residential water use in San Luis Obispo is for landscape irrigation. Therefore, restrictions on outdoor water use are generally highly effective in reducing water demand. Outdoor uses are typically considered to be discretionary or nonessential for health and safety purposes, are highly visible and relatively easy to monitor, and often are a substantial component of water demand, particularly during the summer months when drought conditions are often most severe. Prohibitions Prohibitions will vary by drought stage, with the fundamental purpose of prohibiting non‐essential uses not required for basic health and safety. During a declared water shortage, specific prohibitions would be described in a Water Shortage Ordinance adopted by the City Council. In the Critical Stage, all non‐essential outdoor water use, except recycled water or grey water, may be prohibited. The City will adopt regulations at the appropriate water shortage stage that require customers to take certain measures to promote water conservation, such as posting signage at various establishments, undergoing a water audit to maximize or demonstrate water conservation, and prescribing to customer‐specific water budgets. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 8-3 Supplemental Water Supply Options During a water shortage emergency, the City may also utilize supplemental water supply options, or acquiring a new supply as warranted by the current situation. Currently, this might include requesting all 5,482 afy of Lake Nacimiento allocation. In the future, this may include utilizing more groundwater and/or utilizing highly treated wastewater in a potable reuse system. These water supply options may be less desirable during normal operations due to increased operation costs. 8.4 WATER SHORTAGE STAGES The goals of the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan are to extend the City’s available water resources long enough to gain another winter rainfall period which could serve to add to reservoir storage. Extending available water resources through water demand reduction provides time for the City to bring on supplemental water supplies to meet demand. It is the City’s goal to implement water demand reduction programs that will achieve measurable water savings without affecting customers’ lifestyles. In the higher water shortage stages lifestyle and habit changes will be necessary. This section identifies the measures that may be taken at each stage to achieve desired water use reduction levels. The purpose of establishing water shortage stages is to clearly define the severity of the shortage and establish appropriate targets for demand reductions. Defining these stages allows the City to respond to worsening conditions, with each stage “triggering” different actions. The multi‐stage approach provides different levels of response for a water shortage event ranging from a ten percent supply deficiency up to a 50 percent or greater deficiency. Table 32 provides a quick reference guide to the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan, though City Council may adopt variations of these stages, independent from the stage resulting from the use of the Water Projection Model, to strategically address the current water shortage situation. Each stage describes increasing levels of water demand reduction and water supply augmentation methods. As stated previously, during an actual water shortage emergency, other measures may be imposed. A draft water shortage contingency ordinance which would implement the water allotment methodology is provided in Appendix VI. Water Shortage Response Stage: MONITOR San Luis Obispo has made water conservation an integral part of the community’s culture and policy context for managing its water resources. The community has demonstrated a high commitment to reducing its water usage during water shortages. Although not a true declaration of a water shortage, the Water Shortage Contingency Plan’s Monitor Stage remains in place at all times along with voluntary conservation and implementation of the California Urban Water Conservation Council’s Best Management Practices. A complete description of the City’s water conservation program is included in Chapter 7. This stage is focused on achieving voluntary compliance, as opposed to a mandatory demand reduction programs. To ensure the City is using water responsibly and remains in compliance with the SB X7-7 requirement to not exceed 117 gpcd, the City continually assesses available water supply levels, monitors customer water demand trends, conducts water loss audits, and evaluates potential supplemental supplies. The following are examples of measures that may be taken to facilitate water conservation consistent with CUWCC best management practices: • Implement public outreach and communication programs (bill stuffers, social media, etc.) • Participate in trade shows, home shows, and special community events • Identify largest water users in each sector and offer complementary water audits • Identify and notify customers of possible leaks and inefficient uses of water • Encourage the use of drip irrigation and drought tolerant plants • Implement school (K-12) education programs related to water conservation • Enforce the toilet retrofit upon sale program 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 8-4 Actions at the Monitor Stage would also include active enforcement of the City’s water waste prohibitions, such as those adopted by the Governor in 2016, from Chapter 13.07 of the City’s Municipal Code, which defines water waste as follow (See also Table 32): 13.07.020 – Water runoff prohibited. A. No person shall cause any water delivered by the city water system to flow away from property owned, occupied or controlled by such person in any gutter, ditch or in any other manner over the surface of the ground, so as to constitute water waste runoff. B. “Water waste runoff” means water flowing away from property and which is caused by excessive application(s) of water beyond reasonable or practical flow rates, water volumes or duration of application. (Ord. 1089 § 1 (part), 1987) T ABLE 32: Water Shortage Response Stages Quick Reference Guide STAGE WATER SUPPLY STATUS1 CITY ACTIONS PER CAPITA GOAL (GPCD) Monitor 5+ years of available water supply City maintains conservation messaging at levels that ensure compliance with SB X7-7 maximum of 117 gpcd. 1172 Watch < 5 years of available water supply City increases conservation messaging. City examines available alternative water sources (groundwater, Nacimiento full allocation, etc.) and takes action based on current circumstances to meet demand. City may implement mandatory conservation measures to meet per capita reduction target. 107 Warning < 4 years of available water supply City implements mandatory conservation measures including outdoor irrigation restrictions (examples: 3 or 2 days a week watering and only serving water upon request at restaurants) and consider a Water Offset Program for new connections. 95 Severe < 3 years of available water supply City implements Water Allotment Program. Water Offset Program for new connections may be increased. Additional outdoor irrigation restrictions may be added (such as no spray irrigation). 90 Extreme < 2 years of available water supply City continues to implement a Water Allotment Program with reduced levels. Water Offset Program for new connections may be increased. Outdoor irrigation may be prohibited for all uses. Cessation of all new connections may be considered. 85 Critical < 1 year of available water supply City continues to implement a Water Allotment Program at further reduced levels (minimum for public health and safety). Outdoor irrigation prohibited for all uses. Water Offset Program to cease and no new connections permitted. 75 NOTES: 1. The City’s Water Supply Status is informed by the Water Projection Model and per Section 8.2 of Chapter 8. 2. The City’s per capita goal of 117 gpcd is the City’s SB X7-7 2020 Target, see Chapter 3. 3. Recycled water is not subject to demand reduction programs, water allocations or other drought response programs. The City’s recycled water program is described in further detail in Chapter 5. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 8-5 Water Shortage Response Stage: WATCH When the City’s available water supply would provide less than five years of water, a recommendation would be made to the City Council that a water shortage be declared. The City Council would be asked to adopt a resolution declaring the City enter the Watch Stage and urge the public to reduce water use by approximately 8.5 percent from 117 gpcd to 107 gpcd. During the “Watch” Stage, the demand management measures utilized during the Monitor Stage above will increase along with a continued focus on voluntary compliance. The City will also increase public outreach, implement system and operational changes, increase enforcement actions, and undertake other administrative actions. These program expansions and changes may include: Water Demand Reduction Programs: • Accelerate water audit programs for all customer classes • Identify largest water users in each sector and contact for complementary water audits • Increase water waste patrols • Conduct water use surveys • Implement rebate programs • Consider the use of irrigation limitations Public Outreach Programs: • Issue a press release following Watch Stage declaration • Include information in quarterly Resource Newsletter • Update City website and create a page dedicated to information on details of WSCP Watch Stage • Consider use of billing inserts to notify public of current situation and needs • Coordinate with regional partners on messaging and outreach • Develop outreach program for City staff to promote consistent messaging related to water supply and water conservation • Increase outreach at public events such as Farmers Market, SLO Home Show, and home owners association board meetings • Focus social media platforms on issues consistent with needed demand reductions System and Operational Changes: • Reduce water usage for main flushing and hydrant flushing • Reduce distribution system pressure where feasible • Increase leak detection, water meter testing, and water meter replacement • Decrease allowable time for repairing leaks in distribution system • Require use of non-potable water sources for all street sweeping and hydrocleaning • Activate the Drought Taskforce Enforcement Actions: • Actively enforce water waste prohibitions • Update online forms for reporting water waste and move forms to front page of website • Continue to follow City’s policy for code violations and issue Notices of Violation and Administrative Citations where deemed necessary Other Administrative Actions: • Begin drafting ordinance revisions and code changes that would go into effect in subsequent water shortage stages • Plan for the funding and implementation of specific conservation programs launched in subsequent water shortage stages 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 8-6 • Review potential fiscal impacts of drought (i.e., increased water supply, operational, and capital costs); and demand reductions (reduced revenue) • Prepare for implementation of next water shortage stage • Identify and plan for the need for additional staff. In planning for additional staff, consideration should be given to funding, available office space, vehicles, training, and other needed supplies and support • Consider need for drought surcharge to stabilize revenue • Consider deferring previously scheduled capital projects as necessary to invest in acquisition of needed water supply sources and demand reductions • Review available supplemental water supply options, such as increased use of groundwater, utilization of potable reuse, and implementation of a recycled water filling station Water Shortage Response Stage: WARNING When the City’s available water supply would provide less than four years of water, a recommendation would be made to the City Council to move to the next water shortage stage. The City Council could be asked to adopt a resolution declaring the City enter the Warning Stage and urge the public to reduce water use by an additional approximately 11 percent from 107 gpcd to 95 gpcd including mandatory conservation measures. The water conservation measures described in the Monitor and Watch Stages above may increase during the Warning Stage, with an increased focus on limiting outdoor water uses. System and operational changes would remain in place. These increases and additions to programs may include: Water Demand Reduction Programs: • Continue implementation of and possible increase of all demand reduction programs listed in Watch Stage • Limit outdoor watering to two or three days a week and only between the hours of 7:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m. • Defer landscape installations for new development or require development to install landscaping that provides a significant reduction in water demand ( e.g. a minimum of 50%) as compared to a conventional drought tolerant landscaping during normal water years • Require hotels/motels/inns to offer the option to opt out of laundry services • Require restaurants to only serve water upon request • Restrict use of decorative water features and fountains • No watering within 48 hours of measureable rainfall • No washing down of sidewalks, driveways, parking lots or other hardscape areas unless necessary to protect public health and safety • No exterior washing of buildings, dwelling and other structures, except for pre-approved uses • No vehicles washing except at commercial car washing facilities or by use of a bucket and/or hose equipped with a shut off nozzle Public Outreach Programs: • Continue implementation of and possible increase of all public outreach programs listed in Watch Stage • Issue a press release following Warning Stage declaration • Target outreach to customers with large landscapes regarding irrigation restrictions • Use of billing inserts, postcards, and direct mail pieces to inform customers of new requirements and prohibitions • Coordinate with local business groups such as the Chamber of Commerce and landscaping associations to help encourage conservation among commercial customers 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 8-7 • Coordinate with home owners associations, property rental agencies, and other local groups to help encourage conservation among residential customers Increased Enforcement Actions: • First Violation: Customer notification and education Customer will be notified by staff of the particular violation observed, and the demand reduction programs currently in place. The customer will be provided with needed resources to help them comply with requirements. Examples of notification include: door tags containing violation information, mailed letter, and/or personal phone call by staff • Second Violation: Issuance of Notice of Violation Customer will be issued a written notice of violation (NOV), notifying the customer of specific violation, date and time the violation was observed, and consequences of subsequent violations • Subsequent Violations: Customer may be issued a penalty/fine for violation Other Administrative Actions: • Continue implementation of and possible increase of all other administrative actions listed in Watch Stage • Prepare utility billing system and bill format for water allocations and reductions listed in subsequent stages. • Establish appeals committee for customers who exceed allotments in subsequent stages or receive fines from violating water waste prohibitions • Increase utility billing training and support to address additional requirements of Warning Stage and future stages • Begin preparing for Severe Stage Implementation of a Water Demand Offset Program: During the Warning Stage, the City may consider implementing a water demand offset program. Water demand offset programs are designed to require new development that causes increased water demand to offset such demand through conservation or acquisition/development of new supplies. The goal of an offset program is to ensure that a new development does not increase current and future water demands. At the Warning stage the City may choose to implement a neutral offset program, requiring that new demands offset usage at a rate of 1:1. Future stages of the WSCP may suggest a more aggressive, “net positive” water demand offset program. A “net positive” water demand offset program would require a positive offset of a project’s water demand. An example of this would be a project required to offset its water demand at a ratio higher than 1:1, such as 1.5:1 or 2:1. There are several types of offset programs in use across California and the United States. Examples of potential offset programs are listed below. • Toilet replacements • Smart irrigation controllers • Onsite reuse systems • Submetering • Tankless hot water heaters • In-lieu fee 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 8-8 Water Shortage Response Stage: SEVERE When the City’s available water supply would provide less than three years of water, a recommendation would be made to the City Council to move to the next water shortage stage. The City Council would be asked to adopt a resolution declaring the City enter the Severe Stage and urge the public to reduce water use by an additional approximately five percent from 95 gpcd to 90 gpcd. At this water shortage response stage, the City would continue implementation of demand reduction, public outreach, and enforcement programs described in prior stages. System and operational changes would remain in place. At the Severe Stage, a water offset program may increase to a “net positive” program, such as 1.5:1 or 2:1 and the City may implement a water allotment program. The following allotment method may be used: Customer Classification Severe Stage Allotment Single Family Residential and Multi-family Residential A per capita allotment of 64 gppd, verification of persons per household may be requested Commercial and Institutional Baseline allocation or allocation based on percent reduction from normal usage Landscape Meters Allocation based on percent reduction from normal usage Excessive water use penalties may be imposed as outlined in the City’s Municipal Code. For example, customers exceeding their water allocation could pay 100 percent surcharge of the water portion of their water and sewer bill. If the customer exceeds the base allocation assigned to their account, a 200 percent surcharge could be assessed. Water Shortage Response Stage: EXTREME When the City’s available water supply would provide less than two years of water, a recommendation would be made to the City Council to move to the next water shortage stage. The City Council would be asked to adopt a resolution declaring the City enter the Extreme Stage and urge the public to reduce water use by an additional approximately five percent from 90 gpcd to 85 gpcd. At this water shortage response stage, the City would continue implementation of demand reduction, public outreach, and enforcement programs described in prior stages. System and operational changes would remain in place. At the Extreme Stage, a “net positive” water offset program may continue to be offered and outdoor irrigation may be prohibited. The following allotment method may be used: Customer Classification Extreme Stage Allotment Single Family Residential and Multi-family Residential A per capita allotment of 56 gppd, verification of persons per household may be requested Commercial and Institutional Baseline allocation or allocation based on percent reduction from normal usage Excessive water use penalties may continue to be imposed as outlined in the City’s Municipal Code. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 8-9 At this stage, due to the limited water supplies that remain, the City could consider the cessation of new connections to the water distribution system. Water Shortage Response Stage: CRITICAL When the City’s available water supply would provide less than one year of water, a recommendation would be made to the City Council to move to the next water shortage stage. The City Council would be asked to adopt a resolution declaring the City enter the Critical Stage and urge the public to reduce water use by an additional approximately 12 percent from 85 gpcd to 75 gpcd. At this water shortage response stage, the City would continue implementation of demand reduction, public outreach, and enforcement programs described in prior stages. System and operational changes would remain in place. At the Critical Stage, a water offset program may no longer be offered and outdoor irrigation may continue to be prohibited. The following allotment method may be used: Customer Classification Critical Stage Allotment Single Family Residential and Multi-family Residential A per capita allotment of 48 gppd, verification of persons per household may be requested Commercial and Institutional Baseline allocation or allocation based on percent reduction from normal usage Excessive water use penalties may continue to be imposed as outlined in the City’s Municipal Code. At this stage, due to the limited water supplies that remain, the City would consider the cessation of new connections to the water distribution system. 8.5 REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE IMPACTS During a water shortage, revenues from water sales can be reduced but the City’s operations and maintenance costs would not reduce accordingly. In fact, during the these periods, the City’s operations budgets can increase due to the implementation of water demand reduction measures, public outreach, enforcement, groundwater exploration, water quality concerns, and other actions taken by the City during the crisis. The reduction in revenues resulting from decreased water use may result in the need to raise water rates during that period. Under the City’s water rate structure, bills are based mainly on customer usage choices and resulting demand on the water systems. Water Fund revenue is collected from multiple sources, but approximately 90 percent of revenue is directly tied to water service charges including the base fee. To minimize the need to raise rates during water shortages, the City has a policy that requires a minimum reserve of twenty percent of the Water Fund’s operating budget. While this is a minimum amount, the reserve amount is typically above this minimum policy level. City staff provides ongoing tracking of revenues and evaluates the potential impacts associated with changes in water demand assumptions used in the Annual Water Fund Analysis. The City Council considers the water rates necessary to provide water service to the community on an annual basis and approves water rate changes as needed. As part of the 2015-17 Financial Plan, the City included a base fee and tiered drought surcharge as water demand was projected to reduce by 12 percent as a result of State water use reduction mandates. The 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 8-10 surcharge was proposed to offset the loss in revenue associated with the State order as the Cit y was still responsible for the costs of the City’s multi-source water supply and debt payments. In addition to water supply, Water Fund revenue supports ongoing maintenance and operating programs needed to ensure that the water treatment and delivery systems meet all federal and state water treatment regulations and are operated and maintained to provide safe and reliable service. 8.6 CATASTROPHIC WATER SUPPLY INTERRUPTION The City has an Emergency Response Plan to cover a variety of potential disasters including: earthquakes, floods, wildland fires, etc. The Plan identifies resources available to the City from other agencies or private companies in the area. Additionally, the City of Morro Bay and the Whale Rock Commission (of which the City of San Luis Obispo is a member) executed an agreement in June of 2000 which provides for Mutual Aid between the agencies during disruption of water deliveries or lack of available water supplies. The agreement provides a general framework for exchanging water between agencies in the event of emergencies or other water disruptions. The agreement is voluntary based on each agency’s ability to assist at any point in the future. In relation to providing water service, the City would utilize portable generators to minimize water disruptions during an extended power outage. These generators are maintained and available to the City at any time and are stored at the City Corporation Yard. The City is a member of the Water Agency Response Network (WARN). WARN is a statewide organization of water agencies and companies that have entered into a mutual aid agreement to assist other water agencies during emergencies or other water related situations. The agreement provides the frame work for providing assistance and provides a key contact to initiate a multiple agency response to a water emergency situation. 8.7 MINIMUM SUPPLY NEXT THREE YEARS Consistent with section 6.6, Water Supply Reliability Analysis, in Chapter 6, the City’s multiple dry year scenario was determined to be 2012 to 2014 as the combined rainfall total for those three years was the lowest on record. Available water supplies during this period assume the City’s safe annual yield from Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs, contractual supply from Nacimiento Reservoir, and recycled water supply are available totaling 12,622 acre feet of available supply, as shown in Table 33. As directed by DWR, this section was prepared based on what is known by the City at the time the UWMP was prepared. After the current drought has a “bookend” the safe annual yield of Salinas and Whale Rock reservoirs will be recalculated. Related changes to safe annual yield will be incorporated into planning scenarios. TABLE 33: Minimum Supply Next Three Years 2016 2017 2018 Available Water Supply 12,622 12,622 12,622 NOTES: 1. Department of Water Resources, Table 8-4. 2. Units are in acre-feet per year. 3. Volume available includes the City’s contractual supply to Nacimiento Reservoir, Safe Annual Yield from Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs, and recycled water. Source: City of San Luis Obispo Utilities Department, 2016. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 8-11 8.8 REQUIRED UWMP STANDARDIZED TABLES: Stages of Water Shortage Contingency Plan Stage Complete Both Percent Supply Reduction1 Water Supply Condition Monitor 0 City maintains conservation messaging at levels that ensure compliance with maximum 117 gallons per capita per day (gpcd). Watch 10 City increases conservation messaging. City examines available alternative water sources (groundwater, Nacimiento full allocation, etc.) and takes action based on current circumstances to meet demand. City may implement mandatory conservation measures to meet per capita reduction target. Warning 20 City implements mandatory conservation measures including outdoor irrigation restrictions (examples: 3 or 2 days a week watering and only serving water upon request at restaurants) and a Water Offset Program for new connections Severe 30 City implements Water Allotment Program. Water Offset Program for new connections may be increased. Additional outdoor irrigation restrictions may be added (such as no spray irrigation). Extreme 40 City continues to implement a Water Allotment Program with reduced levels. Water Offset Program for new connections may be increased. Outdoor irrigation may be prohibited for all uses. Cessation of all new connections may be considered. Critical 50 City continues to implement a Water Allotment Program at further reduced levels (minimum for public health and safety). Outdoor irrigation prohibited for all uses. Water Offset Program to cease and no new connections permitted. 1 One stage in the Water Shortage Contingency Plan must address a water shortage of 50%. NOTES: Table 8-1 R. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 8-12 Restrictions and Prohibitions on End Uses Stage Restrictions and Prohibitions on End Users Penalty, Charge, or Other Enforcement? Monitor Landscape - Restrict or prohibit runoff from landscape irrigation Warning Landscape - Limit landscape irrigation to specific times Warning Landscape - Limit landscape irrigation to specific days Warning CII - Lodging establishment must offer opt out of linen service Warning CII - Restaurants may only serve water upon request Warning Water Features - Restrict water use for decorative water features, such as fountains Monitor Other - Customers must repair leaks, breaks, and malfunctions in a timely manner Watch Other - Require automatic shut of hoses Monitor Other - Prohibit use of potable water for construction and dust control NOTES: Table 8-2 (R). 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 8-13 Stages of Water Shortage Contingency Plan - Consumption Reduction Methods Stage Consumption Reduction Methods by Water Supplier All Expand Public Information Campaign Watch Offer Water Use Surveys Watch Provide Rebates on Plumbing Fixtures and Devices Watch Provide Rebates for Landscape Irrigation Efficiency Watch Decrease Line Flushing NOTES: Table 8-3 R. Minimum Supply Next Three Years 2016 2017 2018 Available Water Supply 12,622 12,622 12,622 NOTES: Table 8-4 R. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan Appendix I: Notification to Agencies, Public Hearing & Plan Adoption 2015 Urban Water Management Plan 2015 Urban Water Management Plan Appendix II: Water Resource Status Reports (2011-2015) Water Resourc e s Sta tus Re port 2011 Prepared by: Gary Henderson, Water Division Manager Ron Munds, Utilities Conservation Manager Jennifer Metz, Utilities Project Manager TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXISTING WATER SUPPLY STATUS ................................................................... 1 Current Status ......................................................................................................................... 1 II. MULTI-SOURCE WATER SUPPLY ....................................................................... 3 Water Resource Availability .................................................................................................. 3 Salinas & Whale Rock Reservoirs ......................................................................................... 3 Nacimiento Reservoir ............................................................................................................. 4 Recycled Water ....................................................................................................................... 4 Groundwater ........................................................................................................................... 4 Water Supply Accounting and Demand ............................................................................... 5 III. WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT .................................................................... 6 Customer Service/Technical Assistance ................................................................................ 8 Public Information & Education ........................................................................................... 9 IV. PROJECTED WATER SUPPLY SITUATION.................................................... 10 Reservoir Storage Curve ...................................................................................................... 10 V. SUMMARY............................................................................................................. 10 Attachment 1 City of San Luis Obispo 2011 Water Resources Status Report The 2011 Water Resources Status Report for the City of San Luis Obispo was prepared by the Utilities Department to provide the City Council and community members with an update on the status of existing water resources. It also serves as an update on water supply projects being implemented to meet the community’s future needs. The report covers four main areas: I. Existing Water Supply Status II. Multi-Source Water Supply III. Water Demand Management IV. Projected Water Supply Situation The report evaluates the existing water supply situation for the City, identifies the amount of water currently available to serve new development, and discusses issues relative to existing polices and water projects and programs being pursued. I. EXISTING WATER SUPPLY STATUS The City currently utilizes five sources of water supply to meet the community’s water demand: Salinas Reservoir (also referred to as Santa Margarita Lake), Whale Rock Reservoir, Nacimiento Reservoir, groundwater, and recycled water from the City’s Water Reclamation Facility. The City’s newest water supply from Nacimiento Reservoir began delivering water to the City’s water treatment plant in January of 2011. Current Status For the 2010-11 rainfall year (October 1 through September 30), rainfall for the City was significantly above normal as reflected in Table 1. As of June 30, 2011, Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs were at 97.9 percent and 81.0 percent of total capacity respectively. For the 2010 calendar year, the water demand for the City was provided from four sources as shown in Table 2. The total water demand (based on water production figures) for all City uses in 2010 was 5,489 acre feet which was approximately 10.5 percent lower than the total water use for 2009. Table 1: Area Rainfall Location 2010/11 1 Average % of Average City of SLO – Reservoir #1 31.5” 22.4” 141% Whale Rock Reservoir 29.71” 19.7” 150% Salinas Reservoir 35.01” 21.4” 164% 1. Rainfall through June 30, 2011 2011 Water Resources Status Report Attachment 1 Page 2 Chart 1: Water Use by Category Single Family Residential 41% Multi-family Residential 20% Non- Residential 29% Landscape Irrigation 10% The total amount of City water use shown in Table 2 does not include domestic water delivered to Cal Poly State University. This use is separately accounted for from the University’s available water supply from Whale Rock Reservoir. As of June 30, 2011, the City’s available water storage in Salinas Reservoir (above minimum pool, see definitions at end of report) was 21,334 acre feet. The City’s share of the Whale Rock storage (above minimum pool) was 14,425 acre feet. The combined total water storage available to meet City water needs from these two sources was 35,760 acre feet. This equates to 83 percent of maximum available storage. Based on the available water storage in both reservoirs, estimated water from Nacimiento Reservoir, estimated groundwater production, estimated recycled water deliveries, and assuming the return of drought conditions as experienced during the late 1980s, the City has approximately eleven years of water supply. This estimate is based on data derived from the City’s computerized reservoir storage model and is shown in Figure 5 (Figures are provided at the end of report). The model assumes additional conservation measures, consistent with the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan, are implemented when supplies are estimated to last three years or less. The various stages of conservation are indicated in Figure 5 and are discussed in more detail in the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan. The Water Shortage Contingency Plan is an appendix to the Urban Water Management Plan that was updated and adopted in June of 2011. Water Consumption The total City water use for 2010 was approximately 10.5 percent lower than the use for 2009. Table 3 shows the population estimates from 2001 through 2010 as well as the total City water use and corresponding per capita use rate. The past ten-year average per capita water use was 121.6 gallons per person per day (gpcd). Based on the policies contained in the Water and Wastewater Management Element of the General Plan, the City uses the ten-year average per capita water use to project the required water needed to serve the build-out population as identified in the Land Use Element of the General Plan. Table 2: Water Supply Sources (acre feet) Salinas Whale Rock Groundwater Recycled Total Water Used 2,426 af 2,757 af 153 af 153 af 5,489 af 2011 Water Resources Status Report Attachment 1 Page 3 Chart 1 shows the water use between different customer classes for 2010 which is consistent with previous years (landscape irrigation is only that water use specific to dedicated landscape meters). While the per capita water use increased following the end of the 1986-91 drought and the end of mandatory conservation measures in 1992, the use rate has somewhat stabilized as shown in Table 3. The 2010 per capita water use was approximately 109 gpcd, which was a significant decrease from the 2009 use of 122 gpcd. There are likely a number of factors that led to this past year’s drop in water use including significant rainfall and recessionary impacts (vacancy rates, etc.). II. MULTI-SOURCE WATER SUPPLY The City has adopted a multi-source water policy to provide increased reliability for meeting the community’s water supply needs. With the addition of the Nacimiento Reservoir supply, the City now has five sources of water and has accomplished the goal of diversifying its water supply portfolio to meet current and future community needs. The following sections provide an overview of each water source available to the City. Water Resource Availability Salinas & Whale Rock Reservoirs Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs have been the City’s primary water supplies for over 50 years. The County of San Luis Obispo Flood Control and Water Conservation District provides the oversight, operations, and maintenance of the Salinas Dam and water delivery facilities for the benefit of the City. The City pays the County for the associated costs for these services. The City provides the oversight, operations, and maintenance of the Whale Rock Reservoir for the benefit of the Whale Rock Commission. The Whale Table 3: Population Estimates, Water Use & Rainfall Year Population Total Water Use (acre feet) Per Capita (gpcd) Rainfall1 (inches) 2001 44,347 5,886 119 24.53 2002 44,482 6,032 121 15.94 2003 44,357 5,968 120 22.91 2004 44,298 6,239 126 16.08 2005 44,687 6,098 122 40.09 2006 44,559 5,999 120 30.352 2007 44,433 6,493 130 10.282 2008 44,579 6,359 127 19.922 2009 44,829 6,134 122 31.772 2010 44,948 5,489 109 31.502 Ten-year per capita average 121.6 1. Rainfall amounts for July through June from Cal Poly weather station 2. Rainfall amount from County rain gage at City’s Reservoir #1 2011 Water Resources Status Report Attachment 1 Page 4 Rock Commission is a joint powers agency made up of Cal Poly State University, California Men’s Colony, and the City. The City draws water from these two reservoirs in a coordinated manner to maximize the long-term water supply available from these two sources. In addition, the City has adopted policies in the Water and Wastewater Management Element of the General Plan to account for reductions in storage capacity at each lake resulting from siltation. Nacimiento Reservoir The City has been involved in the Nacimiento Project planning efforts for over 15 years. Construction of the 45-mile pipeline and related facilities was completed in December 2010. Water deliveries to the City’s water treatment plant began on January 5, 2011. The City has a contractual right to 3,380 acre feet per year and will likely maximize the use of this water each year since the contractual amount of water cannot be carried over (“banked”) from year to year. Current use for this first year is estimated to be about 2,000 acre feet. Recycled Water Recycled water use for the 2010 year totaled just over 153 acre feet, up over ten percent from 138 acre feet in 2009. During 2010, six new sites (eight additional meters) were connected to the City’s recycled water distribution system (Table 4 below). The use of the recycled water at all of these sites is for landscape irrigation. Table 4: New Sites using Recycled Water in 2010: Site Address AF Los Verdes Park I HOA (2 meters) Los Osos Valley Road at South Higuera 6.5 acre feet DeVaul Park 1593 Madonna Road 2.0 acre feet DeTolosa HOA (2 meters) 1501 and 1601 Madonna Road 3.7 acre feet Los Osos Valley Road median Madonna Road @ Los Osos Valley Road 0.5 acre feet Mission Community Bank 3380 Higuera S. 0.5 acre feet Meathead Movers & Storage 3600 Higuera S. 0.5 acre feet Total 13.7 acre feet Two new development sites, Prefumo Creek Commons and the Hampton Inn, are planned to receive recycled water in 2011. These new recycled water use sites are estimated to use ten acre feet per year. Groundwater The City uses one domestic well to supplement its other water supply sources. In addition, there is a non-potable well at the City’s Corporation Yard for use for construction activities. There are two wells at the City’s Laguna Lake Golf Course that provide for a portion of the golf course irrigation needs. The additional irrigation demands at the golf course are met with recycled water. 2011 Water Resources Status Report Attachment 1 Page 5 Based on the policies adopted in the City’s Water and Wastewater Management Element of the General Plan, Table 5 below shows the available water supplies to serve the community’s water demands. Table 5: Water Resource Availability Water Resource 2010 Annual Availability Salinas & Whale Rock Reservoirs 6,940 AF Safe Annual Yield Nacimiento Reservoir 3,380 AF Contractual Limit Recycled Water 153 AF 2010 Annual Usage Siltation to 2060 (500 AF) WWME Policy A 4.2.2 TOTAL 9,973 AF Water Supply Accounting and Demand The policies in the Water and Wastewater Management Element of the General Plan establish that the City will account for water supplies necessary to meet three specific community needs: 1) primary water supply, 2) reliability reserve, and 3) secondary water supply which are discussed in more detail below and shown in Table 6. Primary Water Supply The primary water supply is defined as the amount of water needed to serve the build-out population of the City as identified in the Land Use Element of the General Plan. The quantity of water needed for the primary water supply is calculated using the ten-year average of actual per capita water use, shown in Table 3, and the City’s build-out population (57,200). Reliability Reserve The reliability reserve provides a buffer for future unforeseen or unpredictable long-term impacts to the City’s available water supply. The quantity of water for the reliability reserve is established using twenty percent of the ten-year average of actual per capita water use and the existing City population. The reliability reserve concept is included in the City’s Charter (Section 909) which identifies that the water cannot be used to allow additional development. Secondary Water Supply The secondary water supply is the amount of water remaining from the City’s available water resources above those needed to meet the primary water supply and reliability reserve. The secondary supply is identified to meet peak water demand periods or short- term loss of City water supply sources. 2011 Water Resources Status Report Attachment 1 Page 6 Table 6: 2011 Water Supply Accounting Total Primary Water Supply Reliability Reserve Secondary Water Supply 9,973 AF 7,791 AF 1,237 AF 945 AF III. WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT The City’s water conservation program is an integral part of its overall water management strategy. The program has assisted in adding reliability to the water supply system over the years. In the late 1980’s, the City implemented effective water efficiency programs and policies that allowed continued growth and economic development within the community even during water-constrained periods. Even with a more diversified multi-source water supply portfolio in 2011, conservation will continue to play an important role in the future as the City potentially faces new water supply challenges attributable to climate change and regulatory requirements related to statewide water use reduction goals. Historically the City has utilized the California Urban Water Conservation Council’s (CUWCC) Best Management Practices (BMPs) as defined in the Memorandum of Understanding Regarding Urban Water Conservation in California (MOU) as a guide for the City’s water conservation program. The BMPs are programs and services that MOU signatories agree to implement over time. Based on the BMPs, the City’s water conservation program in the past has been divided into three primary components: financial incentives, technical assistance, and public education. Because of the changing regulatory requirements and water supply availability, the following sections describe the shifting role of water conservation within the community and the evolution of the programs and services offered by the Utilities Department. Recent Water Use Efficiency Legislation There are two pieces of legislation that have been passed since 2007 that require water agencies to implement water conservation measures in order to be eligible for state grants, loans, or assistance. Eligibility for grants and loans apply to both water and wastewater projects that the City may undertake. The following is a summary of the legislation: AB 1420 Assembly Bill 1420 (Stats. 2007, ch. 628) amended the Urban Water Management Planning Act, Water Code Section 10610 et seq., to require, effective January 1, 2009, that the terms of, and eligibility for, any water management grant or loan made to an urban water supplier and awarded or administered by the Department of Water Resources (DWR), State Water Resources Control Board, or California Bay-Delta Authority, be conditioned on the implementation of the water Demand Management Measures (DMMs) 2011 Water Resources Status Report Attachment 1 Page 7 described in Water Code Section 10631(f). DWR was given discretionary authority to determine whether an urban water supplier is eligible for a grant or loan. SBx7-7 Senate Bill x7-7 was enacted in November 2009, requiring all water suppliers to increase water use efficiency. The legislation sets an overall goal of reducing per capita urban water use by 20 percent by December 31, 2020. The law directs incremental progress towards this goal by reducing per capita water use by at least ten percent by December 31, 2015. The law states: • Each urban retail water supplier shall develop water use targets and an interim water use target by July 1, 2011. • An urban retail water supplier shall include in its water management plan, due July 2011, the baseline daily per capita water use, water use target, interim water use target, and compliance per capita water use. • Effective 2016, urban retail water suppliers who do not meet the water conservation requirements established by this bill are not eligible for state grants or loans. The City’s 2010 Urban Water Management Plan provides a complete discussion of the legislative requirements. Table 7 summarizes the per capita targets the City must meet in order to be in compliance with the law. Financial Incentives Summary Financial incentives have been an important tool for the water conservation program since 1990. For a number of years, toilet retrofitting was the focus of the incentive program with the toilet rebate program running from June 1990 through June 2007. The high efficiency washing machine rebate program was added to the financial incentive program in 2001 and is still in place today within minimum funding levels. New irrigation equipment incentive pilot programs were tested in the summer/fall of 2008 and were added to the incentive program in 2009. The following is a summary of the financial incentive programs. High Efficiency Washing Machine Replacements Table 7: 2015 and 2020 Targets Year Adjusted Per Capita Target 2015 120 gpcd 2020 117 gpcd Table 8: Washing Machine Rebates Year Rebate Savings in acre 2011 Water Resources Status Report Attachment 1 Page 8 The high efficiency washing machine rebate program was implemented in 2001 and offers a $150 dollar rebate for qualifying machines. As indicated in Table 8, participation in the program has been up and down over the years. In 2009 the program had a record high of 175 rebates. In 2010 rebate funds were reduced by 50% thereby limiting the number of participants in the program. It is estimated that about 14.11 acre feet of water is saved annually by these water efficient machines with energy savings as a side benefit. Irrigation Equipment Replacement Added to the financial incentive program in late 2008, the first irrigation efficiency rebates were issued in 2009. The focus of the program is on the replacement of old irrigation controllers in commercial landscapes. Prior to receiving the incentive, the irrigation system is required to be audited and repaired to bring it up to standards. Table 9 summarizes the participation in the program. Customer Service/Technical Assistance Residential and Commercial Assistance The City offers technical assistance to water customers via free indoor and outdoor water consultations or audits. The consultations can either be by phone or in person. In person consultations include indoor and outdoor leak detection services, irrigation system evaluation, landscape plant material information, and other information on how to use water efficiently. The requests for consultations are typically received from people experiencing high water bills, residents participating in the low income assistance program, or customers requesting a utility bill adjustment through the Utility Billing Adjustment Committee. Water audits often reveal problems which are then corrected by the property owner resulting in lower water use and reduced water bills. The most common problems experienced by customers are summarized in Table 10. A total of 1,814 contacts were made, either by letter, telephone, or direct contact during 2010. feet per year 2001-2005 354 5.97 2006 47 .78 2007 76 1.2 2008 147 2.26 2009 175 2.70 2010 76 1.2 Total 799 14.11 Table 9: 2010 Irrigation Equipment Description Number Irrigation Controllers 11 Table 10: 2010 Water Audits Description Number Excessive Irrigation 302 Toilet Leak 248 Irrigation Leak 173 Service Line Leak 63 2011 Water Resources Status Report Attachment 1 Page 9 Past practice included mailing letters to customers using more than 25 units of water per billing cycle in the summer and 20 units in the winter. In 2010, 1,475 letters were sent to customers with high water use. This program is being curtailed for fiscal year 2011-2012 due to adjusted priorities and workload measures in the Utilities Conservation section. Public Information & Education In an ongoing effort to educate the public, the City provides informational brochures on a variety of water conservation, water quality, energy conservation, and recycling topics upon request. Additionally, a quarterly newsletter is produced which focuses on current information regarding water, wastewater, stormwater, and solid waste issues. The newsletter is mailed to approximately 21,000 households. Additional information has been distributed through paid media advertising, public service announcements, and participation at Farmer’s Market, home shows, etc. In 1999, the Utilities Department implemented a water education program within San Luis Coastal Unified School District. The program targets third through fifth grade students and compliments the study of water within the School District’s existing curriculum. Teachers have been enthusiastic about the program, particularly with the field trip to the Water Reclamation Facility. During the 2010-2011 school year, ten class presentations and eight field trips were given for schools within the City. The class presentations were 45 minutes and covered the subjects of the water cycle, treatment, use, conservation, and reclamation. The classroom presentation is a prerequisite for the field trip. A new water quality module focusing on storm water runoff and creek and ocean health has been developed. This will add another option for teachers to select when looking for water education activities. Eight water quality class presentations were given during this school year. Summary The City has implemented numerous programs over the years which have resulted in a dramatic decrease in per capita water use since the late 1980’s. The water conservation program has provided many economic benefits to the community while adding reliability to the water supply. The program has also brought per capita water use to a level where it will be relatively straightforward for the community to be in compliance with the state’s mandatory water reduction goals in the future. With adequate water supplies to meet both the current and future water needs as envisioned in the City’s General Plan, the water conservation program will play a different but continuing role for the City in the future. 2011 Water Resources Status Report Attachment 1 Page 10 IV. PROJECTED WATER SUPPLY SITUATION Reservoir Storage Curve The Reservoir Storage Curve is integral to the City's annual water resource analysis. It is based on a computer model used to estimate the City's future reservoir storage in Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs, utilizing historical drought weather patterns, water use projections, reservoir data, and available water supplies from Nacimiento Reservoir, recycled water, and limited groundwater. The model is used to forecast the City's water supply position and to make certain water policy recommendations. Figure 5 shows the Reservoir Storage Curve. The model assumes implementation of Stage I conservation when supplies are projected to last only three years. Stages II and III conservation measures are implemented when water supplies are estimated to last only two years and one year, respectively (as shown on Figure 5). The model was updated to reflect the City's current water storage and assumptions relative to water demands and drought conditions. The model predicts current water supplies will last into the year 2022 (Figure 5). V. SUMMARY This past year’s rainfall was significantly above normal for the area. The City’s surface water supplies from Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs are in very good shape. Even with these available supplies, the community must continue to utilize water in an efficient manner. Water conservation will continue to be an important element of the City’s water resources planning in the future and the State’s requirement for reducing urban water use. With the multi-source water policy, the completion of the Nacimiento Project this year, planned expansion of users for recycled water, strong water conservation programs, and other related policies which were adopted as part of the Water and Wastewater Management Element, the City has implemented a long-term strategy which will ensure a reliable supply of water to meet the current and future needs of the community. Attachments: 1. Definitions & Information 2. Figures 1-5 Definitions & Information Safe Annual Yield: The maximum quantity of water which can be delivered from the water source each year during a critical dry period (i.e. historical drought period). Minimum Pool: Minimum amount of water in Whale Rock or Salinas Reservoirs below which water deliveries must be stopped. This amount is established at 2,000 acre feet which is left in the reservoirs to support aquatic habitat and other wildlife. Acre Foot: ∗ 1 acre foot = 325,851 gallons ∗ Enough water to cover a football field with 1 foot of water ∗ Enough water to serve approximately 3.5 average single family homes (in San Luis Obispo) per year Gallons per Capita per Day (gpcd): Calculation = Total Acre Feet x 325,851 City Population x 365 Present Water Demand (acre feet per year): Calculation = 145 gpcd x Current City Population x 365 325,851 Salinas Reservoir: Maximum Storage Capacity = 23,842.9 acre feet Minimum Pool = storage amount when water extractions must cease = 2,000 acre feet Surface Area = 730 acres Drainage Area = 112 square miles = 71,700 acres Whale Rock Reservoir: Maximum Storage Capacity = 40,662 acre feet Minimum Pool = storage amount when water extractions must cease = 2,000 acre feet Surface Area = 594 acres Drainage Area = 20.3 square miles = 13,000 acres Water Resources Status Report 2012 Prepared by: Ron Munds, Utilities Conservation Manager Jennifer Metz, Utilities Project Manager Wade Horton, Water Division Manager TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXISTING WATER SUPPLY STATUS ................................................................... 1 Current Supply Status ............................................................................................................ 1 2011 Summary ......................................................................................................................... 1 II. MULTI-SOURCE WATER SUPPLY ....................................................................... 2 Water Supply Sources ............................................................................................................ 3 Salinas & Whale Rock Reservoirs ......................................................................................... 3 Nacimiento Reservoir ............................................................................................................. 3 Recycled Water ....................................................................................................................... 3 Groundwater ........................................................................................................................... 3 Water Resource Availability .................................................................................................. 4 Water Supply Accounting ...................................................................................................... 4 III. WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT .................................................................. 5 IV. PROJECTED WATER SUPPLY SITUATION .................................................... 7 Reservoir Storage Curve ........................................................................................................ 7 V. SUMMARY................................................................................................................. 7 Attachment 1 City of San Luis Obispo 2012 Water Resources Status Report The 2012 Water Resources Status Report updates the City Council and community members on water supply accounting and demand projections as specified in the Water and Wastewater Management Element of the General Plan, Policy A 5.3.1. The report covers four main areas: I. Existing Water Supply Status II. Multi-Source Water Supply III. Water Demand Management IV. Projected Water Supply I. EXISTING WATER SUPPLY STATUS The City currently utilizes five water sources to meet community water demand: 1. Salinas Reservoir (also referred to as Santa Margarita Lake) 2. Whale Rock Reservoir 3. Nacimiento Reservoir 4. Recycled water from the City’s Water Reclamation Facility 5. Groundwater Current Supply Status As of June 1, 2012, the City’s available water storage in Salinas Reservoir was 18,573 acre feet. The City’s share of the Whale Rock storage was 15,287 acre feet. The combined total water storage available to meet City water needs from these two sources was 33,860 acre feet, equating to 73 percent of maximum available storage. Based on available storage from Salinas & Whale Rock reservoirs, contractual water from Nacimiento Reservoir, estimated groundwater production, estimated recycled water deliveries, and assuming an extended drought until reservoirs levels are drawn down to minimum pool (see Definitions) the City has approximately eleven years of water supply. This estimate is based on data derived from the City’s Reservoir Storage Model and is shown in Figure 5 (figures are provided at the end of report). The model assumes conservation measures, consistent with the City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan, are implemented when supplies are estimated to last three years or less. The various stages of conservation are indicated in Figure 5. The Water Shortage Contingency Plan details the City’s conservation measures related to drought and is an appendix to the Urban Water Management Plan , adopted June 2011. The City now has five water sources, achieving the goal of a diversified water supply portfolio to meet current and future community needs 2012 Water Resources Status Report Attachment 1 Page 2 2011 Summary Table 1 summarizes City 2011 water demand per source. The total 2011 calendar year water demand (based on water production figures) was 5,285 acre feet. Water use per category is shown in Chart 1. Table 1: 2011 City Water Demand Sources (acre feet) Salinas Whale Rock* Nacimiento Groundwater Recycled Total Water Used 2,830 14 2,181 100 160 5,285 *W ater delivered to Cal Poly State University is excluded from City Water Demand Historical water use is summarized in Table 2, as well as corresponding population, per capita use rate, and precipitation. The 2011 per capita water use was approximately 104 gallons per person per day (gpcd), representing a 5 gpcd decrease from the previous year. The decrease in per capita demand is consistent with nationwide trending, due in part to the success of conservation and recessionary impacts. The ten-year per capita average water use is 120.1 gpcd. Based on policies contained in the Water and Wastewater Management Element of the General Plan (WWME), the City uses the ten-year average to project water required to serve build-out population as identified in the Land Use Element of the General Plan. Water use per customer class is summarized in Chart 1. Table 2: Population Estimates, Water Use & Rainfall Year Population Total Water Use (acre feet) Per Capita (gpcd) Rainfall1 (inches) 2002 44,482 6,032 121 13.08 2003 44,357 5,968 120 16.40 2004 44,298 6,239 126 17.73 2005 44,687 6,098 122 16.21 2006 44,559 5,999 120 14.80 2007 44,433 6,493 130 6.14 2008 44,579 6,359 127 15.84 2009 44,829 6,134 122 18.18 2010 44,948 5,489 109 33.53 2011 45,418 5,285 104 21.16 Ten-year per capita average 120.1 1. Rainfall amounts for calendar year source: Cal Poly CIMIS Weather Station II. MULTI-SOURCE WATER SUPPLY Per WWME Policy A 2.2.1, the City shall utilize multiple water resources to meet its water supply needs. Having several sources of water avoids dependence on any one source that may not be available during a drought or other water supply reduction or emergency. Maintaining different type sources [surface water, recycled water (for irrigation), ground water] provides greater reliability and flexibility; as does maintaining surface water sources in distinct watersheds. With the delivery of Nacimiento Having several sources of water avoids dependence on any one source that may not be available during a drought or other water supply reduction or emergency Single Family Residential 38% Multi- Family Residential 19% Commercial Institutional 34% Landscape Irrigation 9% Chart 1: 2011 Water Use by Category 2012 Water Resources Status Report Attachment 1 Page 3 Reservoir water beginning in January 2011, the City now has five water sources, achieving the goal of diversifying its water supply portfolio to meet current and future community needs. The following sections provide an overview of each water source available to the City. Water Supply Sources Salinas & Whale Rock Reservoirs Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs have served as the City’s primary water supplies for over 50 years. The County of San Luis Obispo Flood Control and Water Conservation District provides the oversight, operations, and maintenance of the Salinas Dam and water delivery facilities for the benefit of the City. The City pays the County for the associated costs for these services. The City provides the oversight, operations, and maintenance of the Whale Rock Reservoir for the benefit of the Whale Rock Commission. The Whale Rock Commission is a joint powers agency made up of Cal Poly State University, California Men’s Colony, and the City. The City draws water from these two reservoirs, as well as the Nacimiento Reservoir, in a coordinated manner to maximize the long-term water supply available from these two sources. In addition, the City has adopted policies in the WWME to account for reductions in storage capacity at each lake resulting from siltation. Nacimiento Reservoir The City has been involved in the Nacimiento Project planning efforts for over 15 years. Construction of the 45- mile pipeline and related facilities was completed in December 2010. Water deliveries to the City’s water treatment plant began on January 5, 2011. The City has a contractual right to 3,380 acre feet per year and will likely maximize the use of this water source each year since the contractual amount of water cannot be carried over (“banked”) from year to year. Recycled Water Recycled water use for calendar year 2011 year totaled approximately 158 acre feet, up three percent from 153 acre feet in 2010. During 2011, three new sites (six additional meters) were connected to the City’s recycled water distribution system to provided landscape irrigation – see Table 3. Table 3: New Sites using Recycled Water in 2011: Site Address AF Margarita Medians (3 meters) Margarita 1.2 Prefumo Creek Commons (2 meters) Froom Ranch Way @ Los Osos Valley Road 4.5 MD2 Hydrant Meter/Detention Basin Prado Road 9.1 Total 14.8 Three new development sites, the Olive Garden, Hampton Inn and Prado Road Streetscape, are planned to receive recycled water in 2012. These new recycled water use sites are estimated to use five acre feet per year. Groundwater The City uses one domestic well to supplement its other water supply sources. In addition, there is a non- potable well at the City’s Corporation Yard for construction activity use. There are two additional non-potable wells at the City’s Laguna Lake Golf Course that provide for a portion of the golf course irrigation needs. The Salinas Dam 2012 Water Resources Status Report Attachment 1 Page 4 additional irrigation demands at the golf course are met with recycled water. Per WWME Policy A 3.2.3, the City will continue to use groundwater for domestic purposes when available, but will not consider this source of supply as a part of its water resources availability due to limitations for the use of groundwater resources. Water Resource Availability Based on WWME Section 3, water resource availability to serve the community’s water demand is summarized in Table 4. Calendar Year 2011 water availability totaled 9,980 Acre-Feet. Table 4: Water Resource Availability Water Resource 2011 Annual Availability Salinas & Whale Rock Reservoirs 6,940 AF Safe Annual YieldA Nacimiento Reservoir 3,380 AF Dependable YieldB Recycled Water 160 AF 2011 Annual UsageC Siltation from 2010 to 2060 (500 AF) WWME Policy A 4.2.2D TOTAL 9,980 AF A. Quantity of water which can be withdrawn every year while operating both reservoirs in coordinated operations under critical drought conditions. Safe Annual Yield determined from computer model, which accounts for siltation loss through 2010 (per WWME Policy A 4.2.1) B. Dependable Yield is the contractual amount of water the City has rights to from Nacimiento Reservoir. C. The quantity of recycled water included is the actual prior year’s recycled water usage (2011) per WWME Policy A 7.2.2 D. Reservoir siltation is a natural occurrence that reduces storage capacity over long periods, resulting in the reduction of safe annual yield Water Supply Accounting Per WWME Section 5, the City will account for water supplies necessary to meet three specific community needs: 1) Primary water supply, 2) Reliability reserve, 3) Secondary water supply. Primary Water Supply The primary water supply is defined as the amount of water needed to serve the build-out population of the City as identified in the Land Use Element of the General Plan. The quantity of water needed for the primary water supply is calculated using the ten-year average of actual per capita water use, shown in Table 2, and the City’s build-out population (57,200 per 1994 Land Use Element of the General Plan, revised 2010), per WWME Policy A 5.2.2: Primary Water Supply = Ten Year Average per Capita Water Use x City Build-out Population = 120.1 gal/cap-day x 57,200 cap x 365 day/year x Acre-Ft/325,853 gal = 7,695 Acre-ft/year Reliability Reserve The reliability reserve provides a buffer for future unforeseen or unpredictable long-term impacts to the City’s available water supply. The quantity of water for the reliability reserve is established using twenty percent of the ten-year average of actual per capita water use and the existing City population (45,418, 2011 population). The reliability reserve concept is included in the City’s Charter (Section 909) which identifies that the water may not be used to serve future development, and is defined per WWME Policy A 5.2.3: Reliability Reserve = Ten Year Average per Capita Water Use x 2011 City Population x 20% = 120.1 gal/cap-day x 45,418 cap x 365 day/year x Acre-Ft/325,853 gal x 20% = 1,222 Acre-ft/year Secondary Water Supply The secondary water supply is the amount of water remaining from the City’s available water resources above those needed to meet the primary water supply and reliability reserve. The secondary supply is identified to meet peak water demand periods or short-term loss of City water supply sources, per WWME Policy A 5.2.4: 2012 Water Resources Status Report Attachment 1 Page 5 Secondary Water Supply = Current Annual Availability – Primary Water Supply - Reliability Reserve = 9,980 Acre-ft/yearA – 7,695 Acre-ft/year – 1,222 Acre-ft/yr = 1,063 Acre-ft/year A.2011 Annual Availability Water supply accounting is summarized in Table 5: Table 5: 2011 Water Supply Accounting Total Primary Water Supply Reliability Reserve Secondary Water Supply 9,980 AF 7,695 AF 1,222 AF 1,063 AF III. WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT The City’s water conservation program is an integral part of its overall water management strategy. The program has assisted in adding reliability to the water supply system over the years. In the late 1980’s, the City implemented effective water efficiency programs and policies that allowed for continued community growth and economic development during water-constrained periods. Even with a more diversified 2011 multi-source water supply portfolio, conservation continues to play an important role considering potential water supply impacts associated with climate change and regulatory requirements related to statewide water use reduction goals. Taking into account changing regulatory requirements and water supply availability, the following sections describe the shifting role of water conservation within the community and the evolution of the programs and services offered by the Utilities Department. California Urban Water Conservation Council – Best Management Practices Historically the City has utilized the California Urban Water Conservation Council’s (CUWCC) Best Management Practices (BMPs) as defined in the Memorandum of Understanding Regarding Urban Water Conservation in California (MOU) as a guide for the City’s water conservation program. The BMPs are programs and services that MOU signatories agree to implement over time. Though BMPs implementation is voluntary, all state regulatory agencies now recognize them as the standard for compliance with State law (discussed below). The City has fully implemented the required measures and is thus in compliance with all applicable State laws. Water Use Efficiency Legislation Legislation passed over the years requires water agencies to implement water conservation measures in order to be eligible for state grants, loans, or assistance. Eligibility for grants and loans apply to both water and wastewater projects that the City may undertake. A summary of the legislation follows: AB 1420 Assembly Bill 1420 (Stats. 2007, ch. 628) amended the Urban Water Management Planning Act, Water Code Section 10610 et seq., to require, effective January 1, 2009, that the terms of, and eligibility for, any water management grant or loan made to an urban water supplier and awarded or administered by the Department of Water Resources (DWR), State Water Resources Control Board, or California Bay-Delta Authority, be conditioned on the implementation of the water Demand Management Measures (DMMs) described in Water Code Section 10631(f). DWR was given discretionary authority to determine whether an urban water supplier is eligible for a grant or loan. 2012 Water Resources Status Report Attachment 1 Page 6 SBx7-7 Senate Bill x7-7 was enacted in November 2009, requiring all water suppliers to increase water use efficiency. The legislation sets an overall goal of reducing per capita urban water use by 20 percent by December 31, 2020. The law directs incremental progress towards this goal by reducing per capita water use by at least ten percent by December 31, 2015. The law states: • Each urban retail water supplier shall develop water use targets and an interim water use target by July 1, 2011. • An urban retail water supplier shall include in its water management plan, due July 2011, the baseline daily per capita water use, water use target, interim water use target, and compliance per capita water use. • Effective 2016, urban retail water suppliers who do not meet the water conservation requirements established by this bill are not eligible for state grants or loans. The City’s Urban Water Management Plan provides a complete discussion of the legislative requirements. Table 6 summarizes the per capita targets the City must meet in order to be in compliance with the law. Urban Water Management Planning Act Initially passed in 1984 and amended several times over the years, the Urban Water Management Planning Act requires water agencies to report on their progress in implementing Water Demand Management Measures outlined in the law. The law was amended so that full implementation of the BMPs would be accepted as being in compliance with the part of the law. The City’s 2010 Urban Water Management Plan provides a complete discussion of the City’s water conservation program and verification of compliance with the regulations of the act. Other Regulatory Requirements The Clean Water State Revolving Fund Requirements In order to qualify for a loan for any water or wastewater project from the State Water Resources Control Board an agency must provide verification that it is in compliance with either the Demand Management Measures in the Urban Water Conservation Planning Act or the CUWCC BMPs. 2011 Water Conservation Program Highlights Residential and Commercial Technical Assistance The most important program the Utilities Conservation Section offers is its technical assistance and support to the community. During 2011 the section responded to approximately 1,860 requests for assistance with high water bill, leak detection assistance, and general consultations regarding customer billing problems. The requests for consultations are typically received from people experiencing high water bills, residents participating in the low income assistance program, or customers requesting a utility bill adjustment through the Utility Billing Adjustment Committee. Water audits often reveal problems which are then corrected by the property owner resulting in lower water use and reduced water bills. In addition, the section processed approximately 400 utility billing adjustment requests during 2011. Table 6: 2015 and 2020 Targets Year Adjusted Per Capita Target 2015 120 gpcd 2020 117 gpcd Utilities Conservation responded to 1,860 requests for assistance in 2011 2012 Water Resources Status Report Attachment 1 Page 7 Public Information & Education In an ongoing effort to educate the public, the City provides informational brochures on a variety of water conservation, water quality, energy conservation, and recycling topics upon request. Additionally, a quarterly newsletter is produced which focuses on current information regarding water, wastewater, stormwater, and solid waste issues. The newsletter is mailed to approximately 21,000 households. Additional information has been distributed through paid media advertising, public service announcements, and participation at Farmer’s Market, home shows, etc. The Utilities Department continues to offer a water education program within San Luis Coastal Unified School District. The program targets third through fifth grade students and compliments the study of water within the School District’s existing curriculum. Teachers have been enthusiastic about the program, particularly with the field trip to the Water Reclamation Facility. IV. PROJECTED WATER SUPPLY SITUATION Reservoir Storage Curve The Reservoir Storage Curve is integral to the City's annual water resource analysis. It is based on a computer model used to estimate the City's future reservoir storage in Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs, utilizing historical drought weather patterns, water use projections, reservoir data, and available water supplies from Nacimiento Reservoir, recycled water, and limited groundwater. Figure 5 shows the Reservoir Storage Curve. The model assumes implementation of Stage I conservation when supplies are projected to last only three years. Stages II and III conservation measures are implemented when water supplies are estimated to last only two years and one year, respectively (as shown on Figure 5). The model was updated to reflect the City's current water storage and assumptions relative to water demands. Assuming the onset of an extended drought, the model predicts current water supplies will last into the year 2024 until Whale Rock and Salinas reservoirs are drawn down to minimum pool. (Figure 5). V. SUMMARY As of June 01, 2012, the City’s surface water supplies from Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs are at 73% of maximum storage. Even with these available supplies, the community must continue to utilize water in an efficient manner to meet the State’s requirement for reducing urban water use. With the multi-source water policy, including the delivery of Nacimiento water in 2011, the City has implemented a long-term strategy which will ensure a reliable supply of water to meet the current and future needs of the community. Attachments: 1. Definitions & Information 2. Figures 1 Definitions & Information Safe Annual Yield: The maximum quantity of water which can be delivered from the water source each year during a critical dry period (i.e. historical drought period). Minimum Pool: Minimum amount of water in Whale Rock or Salinas Reservoirs below which water deliveries must be stopped. This amount is established at 2,000 acre feet which is left in the reservoirs to support aquatic habitat and other wildlife. Acre Foot: ∗ 1 acre foot = 325,851 gallons ∗ Enough water to cover a football field with 1 foot of water ∗ Enough water to serve approximately 4 average single family homes (in San Luis Obispo) per year Gallons per Capita per Day (gpcd): Calculation = Total Acre Feet x 325,851 City Population x 365 Water Demand (acre feet per year): Calculation = gpcd x Current City Population x 365 325,851 Salinas Reservoir: Maximum Storage Capacity = 23,842.9 acre feet Minimum Pool = storage amount when water extractions must cease = 2,000 acre feet Surface Area = 730 acres Drainage Area = 112 square miles = 71,700 acres Whale Rock Reservoir: Maximum Storage Capacity = 40,662 acre feet Minimum Pool = storage amount when water extractions must cease = 2,000 acre feet Surface Area = 594 acres Drainage Area = 20.3 square miles = 13,000 acres City of San Luis Obispo 2013 Water Resources Status Report Prepared by: Ron Munds, Utilities Conservation Manager Jennifer Metz, Utilities Project Manager Wade Horton, Deputy Director-Water City of San Luis Obispo 2013 Water Resources Status Report TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXISTING WATER SUPPLY STATUS ................................... 1 Current Supply Status ...................................................................... 1 2012 Summary ................................................................................... 2 II. MULTI‐SOURCE WATER SUPPLY .................................... 4 Water Supply Sources ..................................................................... 4 Salinas & Whale Rock Reservoirs................................................ 4 Nacimiento Reservoir ...................................................................... 4 Recycled Water .................................................................................. 5 Groundwater ....................................................................................... 5 Water Resource Availability.......................................................... 5 Water Supply Accounting .............................................................. 5 III. WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT ................................. 7 IV. PROJECTED WATER SUPPLY SITUATION ........................ 9 Reservoir Storage Curve ................................................................. 9 V.SUMMARY ................................................................... 10 LIST OF TABLES Table 1: 2012 City Water Demand Sources .......................... 2 Table 2: Population Estimates, Water Use & Rainfall ........... 3 Table 3: 2012 Water Resource Availability ........................... 5 Table 4: 2012 Water Supply Accounting ............................... 7 Table 5: 2015 and 2020 Targets ............................................ 8 City of San Luis Obispo 2013 Water Resources Status Report The 2013 Water Resources Status Report updates the City Council and community members on water supply accounting and demand projections as specified in the Water and Wastewater Management Element of the General Plan, Policy A 5.3.1. The 2013 Report covers four main areas: I. Existing Water Supply Status II. Multi‐Source Water Supply III. Water Demand Management IV. Projected Water Supply I. EXISTING WATER SUPPLY STATUS The City currently utilizes five water sources to meet community water demand: 1. Salinas Reservoir (also referred to as Santa Margarita Lake) 2. Whale Rock Reservoir 3. Nacimiento Reservoir 4. Recycled water from the City’s Water Reclamation Facility 5. Groundwater Current Supply Status As of September 1, 2013, the City’s available water storage in Salinas Reservoir was 11,148 acre feet. The City’s share of available Whale Rock storage was 11,935 acre feet. The combined total water storage available to meet City water needs from these two sources was 23,083 acre feet, equating to 53 percent of maximum available storage. San Luis Obispo County is currently experiencing a D3 Extreme Drought as characterized by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Fortunately, based on available storage from Salinas & Whale Rock reservoirs, contractual water from Nacimiento Reservoir, estimated groundwater production, estimated recycled water deliveries, and assuming the continuation of an extended drought, the City has approximately eight years of water supply until reservoirs levels are drawn down to minimum pool (see Definitions). This estimate is based on data derived from the City’s Reservoir Storage Model and is reflected in Figure 1 (figures are provided at the end of report). The model assumes conservation measures are implemented when supplies are estimated to last three years or less, consistent with the City’s Water Salinas Whale Rock Nacimiento Groundwater Recycled 2013 Water Resources Status Report Page 2 Shortage Contingency Plan. The various stages of conservation are indicated in Figure 1. The City’s Water Shortage Contingency Plan details conservation measures related to drought and is an appendix to the Urban Water Management Plan, adopted June 2011. 2012 Summary Table 1 summarizes 2012 water demand per source. The total 2012 calendar year water demand (based on water production figures) was 5,541 acre feet. Water use by category is shown in Chart 1. Table 1: 2012 City Water Demand Sources (in acre feet) Salinas Whale Rock* Nacimiento Groundwater Recycled Total Water Demand 1,959 1,822 1,502 93 165 5,541 *Water delivered to Cal Poly State University is excluded from the City’s Water Demand. 2013 Water Resources Status Report Page 3 Historical water use is summarized in Table 2, as well as corresponding population, per capita use rate, and precipitation. The 2012 per capita water use was approximately 109 gallons per capita per day (gpcd), representing a 5 gpcd increase from the previous year. The ten‐year average water use is 119 gpcd. Based on policies contained in the General Plan’s Water and Wastewater Management Element (WWME), the City uses the ten‐year average to project water required to serve build‐out population. Table 2: Population Estimates, Water Use & Rainfall Year Population Total Water Use (acre feet) Per Capita (gpcd) Rainfall1 (inches) 2003 44,357 5,968 120 16.4 2004 44,298 6,239 126 21.0 2005 44,687 6,098 122 20.8 2006 44,559 5,999 120 17.2 2007 44,433 6,493 130 12.7 2008 44,579 6,359 127 18.1 2009 44,829 6,134 122 18.9 2010 44,948 5,489 109 36.0 2011 45,418 5,285 104 18.9 2012 45,308 5,541 109 21.5 Ten‐year per capita average 119 NOTE: 1. Rainfall amounts for calendar year source: Cal Poly CIMIS Weather Station Single Family Residential 40% Multi Family Residential 20% Commercial Institutional 30% Landscape Irrigation 10% Chart 1: 2012 Water Use by Category 2013 Water Resources Status Report Page 4 II. MULTI‐SOURCE WATER SUPPLY Per WWME Policy A 2.2.1, the City shall utilize multiple water resources to meet its water supply needs. Having several sources of water avoids dependence on any one source that may not be available during a drought or other water supply reduction or emergency. Maintaining different type sources [surface water, recycled water (for irrigation), ground water] provides greater reliability and flexibility; as does maintaining surface water sources in distinct watersheds. The City has five water sources, achieving the goal of diversifying its water supply portfolio to meet current and future community needs. Water Supply Sources Salinas & Whale Rock Reservoirs Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs have served as the City’s primary water supplies for over 50 years. The County of San Luis Obispo Flood Control and Water Conservation District (County) provides the oversight, operations, and maintenance of the Salinas Dam and water delivery facilities for the benefit of the City. The City pays the County for the associated costs for these services. The City provides the oversight, operations, and maintenance of the Whale Rock Reservoir for the benefit of the Whale Rock Commission. The Whale Rock Commission is a joint powers agency made up of Cal Poly State University, California Men’s Colony, and the City. The City draws water from these two reservoirs in a coordinated manner to maximize the long‐term water supply available from these two sources. In addition, the City has adopted policies in the WWME to account for reductions in storage capacity at each lake resulting from siltation. Nacimiento Reservoir Water deliveries from the Nacimiento Reservoir began on January 5, 2011. The City has a contractual right to 3,380 acre feet per year. The County operates and maintains the project that delivers water from Nacimiento Reservoir to participating agencies (currently cities of Paso Robles and San Luis Obispo, Atascadero Mutual Water Company, Templeton Community Services District, and County Having several sources of water avoids dependence on any one source that may not be available during a drought or other water supply reduction or emergency Salinas Dam Whale Rock 2013 Water Resources Status Report Page 5 Service Area 10A (Cayucos)). The Nacimiento Project Commission, which is made up of representatives from each of the four agencies’ governing boards and County Representative (i.e. County Board of Supervisors), provides oversight to project operations, maintenance, and the project budget. Recycled Water Recycled water use for calendar year 2012 year totaled approximately 165 acre feet, up four percent from 158 acre feet in 2011. During 2012, two new sites (Olive Garden and Hampton Inn) were connected to the City’s recycled water distribution system to provide landscape irrigation. Groundwater The City used one domestic well in 2012 (Pacific Beach #1 located on Los Osos Valley Road near Pacific Beach school) to supplement its other potable water supply sources. In addition, the City maintains a non‐potable well at the City’s Corporation Yard for construction activity use and two non‐potable wells at the City’s Laguna Lake Golf Course for a portion of the golf course irrigation (additional golf course irrigation demand is met with recycled water). Per WWME Policy A 3.2.3, the City will continue to use groundwater for domestic purposes when available, but will not consider this source of supply as a part of its water resources availability due to limitations for the use of groundwater resources. Water Resource Availability Table 3 summarizes the Water Resource Availability (based on WWME Section 3), to serve community water demand. Calendar Year 2012 water availability totaled 9,985 Acre‐Feet. Table 3: 2012 Water Resource Availability Water Resource Acre Feet Description Salinas & Whale Rock Reservoirs 6,940 Safe Annual Yield 1 Nacimiento Reservoir 3,380 Dependable Yield 2 Recycled Water 165 2012 Annual Usage 3 Siltation from 2010 to 2060 (500) WWME Policy A 4.2.2 4 9,985 2012 Annual Availability NOTES: 1. Quantity of water which can be withdrawn every year while operating both reservoirs in coordinated operations under critical drought conditions. Safe Annual Yield determined from computer model, which accounts for siltation loss through 2010 (per WWME Policy A 4.2.1) 2. Dependable Yield is the contractual amount of water the City has rights to from Nacimiento Reservoir. 3. The quantity of recycled water included is the actual prior year’s recycled water usage (2012) per WWME Policy A 7.2.2 4. Reservoir siltation is a natural occurrence that reduces storage capacity over long periods, resulting in the reduction of safe annual yield. Water Supply Accounting Per WWME Section 5, the City will account for water supplies necessary to meet three specific community needs: 1. Primary water supply, 2. Reliability reserve, and 3. Secondary water supply. 2013 Water Resources Status Report Page 6 The primary water supply is defined as the amount of water needed to serve the build‐out population of the City as identified in the Land Use Element of the General Plan. The quantity of water needed for the primary water supply is calculated using the ten‐year average of actual per capita water use, shown in Table 2, and the City’s build‐out population 53,700 (Table 4, 2013 Water and Wastewater Development Impact Fee Study (as provided by Community Development staff working on LUCE update), down from 57,200, 1994 Land Use Element to the General Plan, revised 2010. Per WWME Policy A 5.2.2: Primary Water Supply: = Ten Year Average per Capita Water Use x City Build‐out Population = 118.9 gal/cap‐day x 53,700 cap x 365 day/year x Acre‐Ft/325,853 gal = 7,152 Acre‐Ft/year The reliability reserve provides a buffer for future unforeseen or unpredictable long‐term impacts to the City’s available water supply. The quantity of water for the reliability reserve is established using twenty percent of the ten‐year average of actual per capita water use and the existing City population (45,308, 2012 population). The reliability reserve concept is included in the City’s Charter (Section 909) which identifies that the water may not be used to serve future development, and is defined per WWME Policy A 5.2.3: Reliability Reserve: = Ten Year Average per Capita Water Use x 2012 City Population x 20% = 118.9 gal/cap‐day x 45,308 cap x 365 day/year x Acre‐Ft/325,853 gal x 20% = 1,207 Acre‐Ft/year The secondary water supply is the amount of water remaining from the City’s available water resources above those needed to meet the primary water supply and reliability reserve. The secondary supply is identified to meet peak water demand periods or short‐term loss of City water supply sources, per WWME Policy A 5.2.4: Secondary Water Supply: = Current Annual Availability – Primary Water Supply – Reliability Reserve = 9,985 Acre‐Ft/year A – 7,152 acre‐Ft/year – 1,207 Acre‐Ft/year = 1,626 Acre‐Ft/year A.2012 Annual Availability Water supply accounting is summarized in Table 4. 2013 Water Resources Status Report Page 7 Table 4: 2012 Water Supply Accounting (in acre feet) Total Primary Water Supply Reliability Reserve Secondary Water Supply 9,985 7,152 1,207 1,626 III. WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT The City’s water conservation program is an integral part of its overall water management strategy. The program has assisted in adding reliability to the water supply system over the years. In the late 1980’s, the City implemented effective water efficiency programs and policies that allowed for continued community growth and economic development during water‐constrained periods. Although the City’s investment in a multi‐source water supply portfolio satisfies anticipated build‐out water demand, water is a valuable resource that should be used wisely. The following sections describe regulatory requirements and services provided by the water conservation program. California Urban Water Conservation Council – Best Management Practices Historically the City has utilized the California Urban Water Conservation Council’s (CUWCC) Best Management Practices (BMPs) as defined in the Memorandum of Understanding Regarding Urban Water Conservation in California (MOU) as a guide for the City’s water conservation program. The BMPs are programs and services that MOU signatories agree to implement over time. Though BMP implementation is voluntary, all state regulatory agencies now recognize them as the standard for compliance with State law. The City has fully implemented the required measures and is thus in compliance with all applicable State laws. Water Use Efficiency Legislation Legislation passed over the years requires water agencies to implement water conservation measures in order to be eligible for state grants, loans, or assistance. Eligibility for grants and loans apply to both water and wastewater projects that the City may undertake. A summary of the legislation follows: AB 1420 Assembly Bill 1420 (Stats. 2007, ch. 628) amended the Urban Water Management Planning Act, Water Code Section 10610 et seq., to require, effective January 1, 2009, that the terms of, and eligibility for, any water management grant or loan made to an urban water supplier and awarded or administered by the Department of Water Resources (DWR), State Water Resources Control Board, or California Bay‐ Delta Authority, be conditioned on the implementation of the water Demand Management Measures (DMMs) described in Water Code Section 10631(f). DWR was given discretionary authority to determine whether an urban water supplier is eligible for a grant or loan. SBx7‐7 Senate Bill x7‐7 was enacted in November 2009, requiring all water suppliers to increase water use efficiency. The legislation sets an overall goal of reducing per capita urban water use by 20 percent by 2013 Water Resources Status Report Page 8 December 31, 2020. The law directs incremental progress towards this goal by reducing per capita water use by at least ten percent by December 31, 2015. The law states: Each urban retail water supplier shall develop water use targets and an interim water use target by July 1, 2011. An urban retail water supplier shall include in its water management plan, due July 2011, the baseline daily per capita water use, water use target, interim water use target, and compliance per capita water use. Effective 2016, urban retail water suppliers who do not meet the water conservation requirements established by this bill are not eligible for state grants or loans. The City’s Urban Water Management Plan provides a complete discussion of the legislative requirements. Table 5 summarizes the per capita targets the City must meet in order to be in compliance with the law. Urban Water Management Planning Act Initially passed in 1984 and amended several times over the years, the Urban Water Management Planning Act requires water agencies to report on their progress in implementing Water Demand Management Measures outlined in the law. The law was amended so that full implementation of the BMPs would be accepted as being in compliance with the part of the law. The City’s 2010 Urban Water Management Plan provides a complete discussion of the City’s water conservation program and verification of compliance with the regulations of the act. Other Regulatory Requirements The Clean Water State Revolving Fund Requirements In order to qualify for a loan for any water or wastewater project from the State Water Resources Control Board, an agency must provide verification that it is in compliance with either the Demand Management Measures in the Urban Water Conservation Planning Act or the CUWCC BMPs. 2012 Water Conservation Program Highlights Residential and Commercial Technical Assistance The most important program the Utilities Conservation Section offers is its technical assistance and support to the community. During 2012 the section responded to approximately 1,700 requests for assistance with high water bill, leak detection assistance, and general consultations regarding customer billing problems. The requests for consultations are typically received from people experiencing high water bills, residents participating in the low income assistance program, or customers requesting a utility bill adjustment through the Utility Billing Adjustment Committee. Water audits often reveal problems which are then Utilities Conservation Staff responded to 1,700 requests for assistance in 2012 Table 5: 2015 and 2020 Targets Year Adjusted Per Capita Target 2015 120 gpcd 2020 117 gpcd 2013 Water Resources Status Report Page 9 corrected by the property owner resulting in lower water use and reduced water bills. In addition, approximately 465 utility billing adjustment requests were processed during 2011. Public Information & Education In an ongoing effort to educate the public, the City provides informational brochures on a variety of water conservation, water quality, energy conservation, and recycling topics upon request. Additionally, a quarterly newsletter is produced which focuses on current information regarding water, wastewater, stormwater, and solid waste issues. The newsletter is mailed to approximately 21,000 households. Additional information was distributed through paid media advertising, public service announcements, and participation at Farmer’s Market, home shows, etc. The Utilities Department continues to offer a water education program within San Luis Coastal Unified School District. The program targets third through fifth grade students and compliments the study of water within the School District’s existing curriculum. Teachers have been enthusiastic about the program, particularly with the field trip to the Water Reclamation Facility. IV. PROJECTED WATER SUPPLY SITUATION Reservoir Storage Curve The Reservoir Storage Curve is integral to the City's annual water resource analysis. It is based on a computer model used to estimate the City's future reservoir storage in Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs, utilizing historical drought weather patterns, water use projections, reservoir data, and available water supplies from Nacimiento Reservoir, recycled water, and limited groundwater. Figure 1 shows the Reservoir Storage Curve. The model assumes implementation of Stage I conservation when supplies are projected to last only three years. Stage II and III conservation measures are implemented when water supplies are estimated to last only two years and one year, respectively (as shown on Figure 1/ conservation stages as defined in Section 8 of the 2010 Urban Water Management Plan). The model was updated to reflect the City's current water storage and assumptions relative to water demands. Assuming the onset of an extended drought, the model predicts current water supplies will last into the year 2021 until Whale Rock and Salinas reservoirs are drawn down to minimum pool. (Figure 1). 2013 Water Resources Status Report Page 10 V. SUMMARY As of September 1, 2013, the City’s surface water supplies from Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs are at 53 percent of maximum storage. Assuming the onset of an extended drought, currently water supplies are projected to last into the year 2021. With its multi‐source water policy, the City has implemented a long‐term strategy which will ensure a reliable supply of water to meet the current and future needs of the community. ATTACHMENTS: 1. Definitions & Information 2. Figure 1 2013 Water Resources Status Report Attachment 1 ATTACHMENT 1: DEFINITIONS & INFORMATION Safe Annual Yield: The maximum quantity of water which can be delivered from the water source each year during a critical dry period (i.e. historical drought period). Minimum Pool: Minimum amount of water in Whale Rock or Salinas Reservoirs below which water deliveries must be stopped. This amount is established at 2,000 acre feet which is left in the reservoirs to support aquatic habitat and other wildlife. Acre Foot: One acre foot = 325,851 gallons Enough water to cover a football field with one foot of water Enough water to serve approximately four average single‐family homes (in San Luis Obispo) per year Gallons per Capita per Day (gpcd): Calculation = Total Acre Feet x 325,851 City Population x 365 Water Demand (acre feet per year): Calculation = gpcd x Current City Population x 365 325,851 Salinas Reservoir: Maximum Storage Capacity = 23,842.9 acre feet Minimum Pool = storage amount when water extractions must cease = 2,000 acre feet Surface Area = 730 acres Drainage Area = 112 square miles = 71,700 acres Whale Rock Reservoir: Maximum Storage Capacity = 40,662 acre feet Minimum Pool = storage amount when water extractions must cease = 2,000 acre feet Surface Area = 594 acres Drainage Area = 20.3 square miles = 13,000 acres PREPARED BY: Ron Munds, Utilities Services Manager Jennifer Metz, Utilities Project Manager Wade Horton, Deputy Director-Water City of San Luis Obispo WATER RESOURCES STATUS REPORT 2014 REVISION 1: 14 OCTOBER 2014 This revision corrects per capita demand calculations and 2014 water supply accounting. The original report accepted by City Council on 02 September 2014 misapplied how Cal Poly agricultural water was accounted for in the city per capita demand calculations—this revision corrects that error. Table of Contents CITY OF SAN LUIS OBISPO 2014 Water Resources Status Report WATER SUPPLY Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs 3 Nacimiento Water Project 4 Recycled Water 4 Groundwater 4 Projected Water Supply 4 WATER DEMAND 5 WATER RESOURCE AVAILABILITY Water Supply Accounting 6 WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT 2014 State Emergency Drought Regulations 7 REGIONAL COOPERATION 8 LIST OF TABLES 2013 City Water Supply by Source 3 Current Supply Status 3 City Wells 4 Population, Water Use & Rainfall 5 2014 Water Resource Availability 6 2014 Water Supply Accounting 7 LIST OF FIGURES Reservoir Storage Curve 5 2013 Water Use by Category 5 Water Conservation Legislation Summary 8 2 Designed by: Verdin Printed on recycled paper City of San Luis Obispo 2014 Water Resources Status Report Although the Governor declared a statewide drought emergency in January 2014 and San Luis Obispo County is currently experiencing a category D4 Exceptional Drought, our city’s local water supply remains reliable and secure. Assuming historical worst-case drought conditions and current reservoir storage levels, mid July 2014 water projection modeling estimates about seven years of water currently available (with the last three of those years being a period where mandatory conservation actions would occur). Investment in a multi-source water supply allows for responsible use even following 2013’s driest year on record. This 2014 Water Resources Status Report is prepared in accordance with the Water and Wastewater Management Element of the General Plan (WWME) Policy A 5.3.1. This report covers production and use information for calendar year 2013. WATER SUPPLY Per WWME Policy A 2.2.1, the city uses multiple water sources to meet its water supply needs. The city has four primary water supply sources including Whale Rock Reservoir, Salinas Reservoir, Nacimiento Reservoir, and recycled water (for irrigation), with groundwater serving as a fifth supplemental source. Calendar year 2013 water supply per source is summarized as follows: 2013 City Water Supply by Source (Acre Feet)* Salinas Whale Rock**Nacimiento Groundwater Recycled Total Water Demand 1,494 2,897 1,247 77 177 5,892 25%49%21%1%3%100% *Values rounded **Does not include Cal Poly Domestic or Agriculture SALINAS & WHALE ROCK RESERVOIRS Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs have served as the city’s primary water supplies for over 50 years. The city pays the County of San Luis Obispo Flood Control and Water Conservation District (County) to provide oversight, operations, and maintenance of the Salinas Dam and water delivery facilities. The City of San Luis Obispo provides the oversight, operations, and maintenance of the Whale Rock Reservoir for the benefit of the Whale Rock Commission, a joint powers agency made up of Cal Poly State University, California Men’s Colony, and the City. The city draws water from these two reservoirs Current Supply Status (As of July 1, 2014) Available Storage (Acre Feet) Salinas Reservoir 7,229 Whale Rock Reservoir (City Allocation)9,015 Total Storage 16,244 % of Maximum Storage 36% 32014 Water Resources Status Report to maximize the long-term water supply available from these two sources. In addition, the City has in a coordinated manner adopted policies in the WWME to account for reductions in storage capacity at each lake resulting from siltation. NACIMIENTO WATER PROJECT Water deliveries from the Nacimiento Reservoir began on January 5, 2011. The City has a contractual right to 3,380 acre feet per year. The county operates and maintains the project that delivers water from Nacimiento Reservoir to participating agencies (currently the cities of Paso Robles and San Luis Obispo, Atascadero Mutual Water Company, Templeton Community Services District, and County Service Area 10A [Cayucos]). The Nacimiento Project Commission, which is made up of representatives from each of the four agencies’ governing boards and County Representative (i.e. County Board of Supervisors), provides oversight to project operations, maintenance, and the project budget. RECYCLED WATER Recycled water use for calendar year 2013 totaled 177 acre feet, up seven percent from 165 acre feet in 2012. During 2013, two new sites (America’s Tire and Mangano Homes streetscape) were connected to the city’s recycled water distribution system to provide landscape irrigation. GROUNDWATER Per WWME Policy A 3.2.3, the city will continue to use groundwater for domestic purposes when available, but will not consider this source of supply as a part of its water resources availability due to limitations for the use of groundwater resources. City wells are summarized below: City Wells Well Type Use Location Pacific Beach #1 Potable Domestic Los Osos Valley Rd. near Pacific Beach School Corp Yard Well*Non Potable Construction Water City Corporation Yard Prado Rd. Laguna Lake Golf Course #1 Non Potable Irrigation Laguna Lake Golf Course SLO Farm**Non Potable Irrigation SLO Community Farm off HWY 101 & LOVR *Use of the City Corporation Yard well has increased from prior years. The Utilities Department is currently evaluating the use of this well. **Installed May 2014 for agricultural irrigation. PROJECTED WATER SUPPLY The City uses a computer model to estimate the city’s future reservoir storage in Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs, applying historical drought weather patterns, water use projections, reservoir data, and available water supplies from Nacimiento Reservoir, recycled water, and limited groundwater. The model assumes implementation of Stage I conservation when supplies are projected to last only three years. Stage II and III conservation measures are implemented when water supplies are estimated to last only two years and one year, respectively. Assuming an extended drought, the model predicts current water supplies will last seven years. See the following reservoir storage curve figure for details. 4 Designed by: Verdin Printed on recycled paper WATER DEMAND Water use by category for 2013 is shown here. Historical water use is summarized below, as well as corresponding population, per capita use rate, and precipitation. The 2013 per capita water use was 116 gallons per capita per day (gpcd). Based on WWME policies, the City uses the ten-year gpcd average to project water required to serve build-out population. The ten-year average water use is 119 gpcd. Population, Water Use & Rainfall Year Population Total Water Use (acre feet)Per Capita 1 (gpcd)Rainfall (inches) 2004 44,298 6,239 125.7 21.0 2005 44,687 6,098 121.8 20.8 2006 44,559 6,000 120.2 17.2 2007 44,433 6,494 130.5 12.7 2008 44,579 6,359 127.3 18.1 2009 44,829 6,134 122.2 18.9 2010 44,948 5,489 109.0 36.0 2011 45,418 5,285 103.9 18.9 2012 45,308 5,541 109.2 21.5 2013 45,541 5,892 115.5 3.8 Ten-year per capita average 118.5 NOTE: 1. Rainfall amounts for 2004–2012 calendar year source: Cal Poly CIMIS Weather Station. Rainfall amount for calendar year 2013: SLO Reservoir. 2013 Water Use by Category Reservoir Storage Curve Single Family Residential 41% Multi Family Residential 20% Commercial Institutional 29% Landscape Irrigation 11% 52014 Water Resources Status Report WATER RESOURCE AVAILABILITY The following table summarizes the Water Resource Availability (based on WWME Section 3), to serve community water demand. Water availability for 2014 is 9,997 Acre-Feet. 2014 Water Resource Availability Water Resource Acre Feet Description Salinas & Whale Rock Reservoirs 6,940 Safe Annual Yield1 Nacimiento Reservoir 3,380 Dependable Yield2 Recycled Water 177 2013 Annual Usage3 Siltation from 2010 to 2060 (500)WWME Policy A 4.2.24 9,997 2014 Annual Availability NOTES: 1. Quantity of water which can be withdrawn every year while operating both reservoirs in coordinated operations under critical drought conditions. Safe Annual Yield determined from computer model, which accounts for siltation loss through 2010 (per WWME Policy A 4.2.1). 2. Dependable Yield is the contractual amount of water the City has rights to from Nacimiento Reservoir. 3. The quantity of recycled water included is the actual prior year’s recycled water usage (2013) per WWME Policy A 7.2.2. 4. Reservoir siltation is a natural occurrence that reduces storage capacity over long periods, resulting in the reduction of safe annual yield. WATER SUPPLY ACCOUNTING Per WWME Section 5, the City will account for water supplies necessary to meet three specific community needs: 1. Primary water supply 2. Reliability reserve 3. Secondary water supply The primary water supply is defined as the amount of water needed to serve the build-out population of the city (Table 4, 2013 Water and Wastewater Development Impact Fee Study). The quantity of water needed for the primary water supply is calculated using the ten-year average of actual per capita water use, shown in Table 4, and the city’s build-out population 53,700. Per WWME Policy A 5.2.2: Primary Water Supply: = Ten Year Average per Capita Water Use x City Build-out Population = 118.5 gal/cap-day x 53,700 cap x 365 day/year x Acre-Ft/325,853 gal = 7128 Acre-Ft/year 6 Designed by: Verdin Printed on recycled paper The reliability reserve provides a buffer for future unforeseen or unpredictable long-term impacts to the city’s available water supply. The quantity of water for the reliability reserve is established using twenty percent of the ten-year average of actual per capita water use and the existing city population (45,541, 2013 population). The reliability reserve concept is included in the city’s charter (Section 909) which identifies that the water may not be used to serve future development, and is defined per WWME Policy A 5.2.3: Reliability Reserve: = Ten Year Average per Capita Water Use x 2013 City Population x 20% = 118.5 gal/cap-day x 45,541 cap x 365 day/year x Acre-Ft/325,853 gal x 20% = 1,209 Acre-Ft/year The secondary water supply is the amount of water remaining from the city’s available water resources above those needed to meet the primary water supply and reliability reserve. The secondary supply is identified to meet peak water demand periods or short-term loss of city water supply sources, per WWME Policy A 5.2.4: Secondary Water Supply: = Current Annual Availability – Primary Water Supply – Reliability Reserve = 9,997 Acre-Ft/year A – 7,128 Acre-Ft/year – 1,209 Acre-Ft/year = 1,660 Acre-Ft/year Water supply accounting is summarized as follows: 2014 Water Supply Accounting (Acre Feet) Total Primary Water Supply Reliability Reserve Secondary Water Supply 9,997 7,128 1,209 1,660 WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT The City’s water conservation program is an integral part of its overall water management strategy. In the late 1980’s, the City implemented effective water efficiency programs and policies that allowed for continued community growth and economic development during water-constrained periods. Through strong conservation efforts, our community has reduced its annual average per capita water use from over 180 gallons in 1987 to 116 gallons in 2013. During 2013, 1750 requests were received for assistance with high water bills, leak detection assistance, and general consultations regarding billing problems. In addition, approximately 355 utility billing adjustment requests were processed during 2013. Legislation passed over the years requires water agencies to implement water conservation measures in order to be eligible for state grants, loans, or assistance, and is summarized in Figure 3. 72014 Water Resources Status Report Figure 3: Water Conservation Legislation Summary 2014 STATE EMERGENCY DROUGHT REGULATIONS On July 15, 2014, the California State Water Resources Control Board (Water Board) adopted emergency drought regulations that must be implemented by all urban water suppliers who have over 3,000 water connections regardless of that community’s water supply situation. Water purveyors who do not implement the mandatory requirements face up to $10,000 per day in fines and other penalties. The Emergency Regulations are in effect for 270 days but can be rescinded, extended or amended based on drought conditions. Notwithstanding the city’s stable water supply position, the Emergency Regulations specifically mandate that the City implement mandatory outdoor water restrictions and water waste prohibitions or face fines up to $10,000 a day and no access to state grants and loans. Accordingly, city council adopted an ordinance limiting the outdoor irrigation of ornamental landscape and turf with potable water to three days a week, and allocated funding for education and public outreach efforts. REGIONAL COOPERATION The City is a participating member of the Water Resources Advisory Council and Regional Water Management Group, which promotes collaborative, integrated management of water resources within San Luis Obispo County and provides policy recommendations to the County Board of Supervisors. In addition, the City participates in the Paso Robles Groundwater Basin Advisory Committee. URBAN WATER MANAGEMENT PLANNING ACT Passed in 1984, requires agencies to report progress in implementing Water Demand Management Measures law. The City’s 2010 Urban Water Management Plan outlines the City’s water conservation program and verification of compliance with the act. SBx7-7 Enacted in November 2009, requires increase in water use efficiency and sets goal of reducing per capita urban water use by 10% in 2015 and 20% in 2020. City target is 120 gpcd in 2015 and 117 gpcd in 2020 – city use was 116 gpcd in 2013, exceeding targets. AB 1420 Enacted in January 2009, specifies eligibility for water management grants or loans be conditioned on implementation of water Demand Management Measures described in Water Code Section 10631(f). CLEAN WATER STATE REVOLVING FUND REQUIREMENTS In order to qualify for a State Water Resources Control Board loan, an agency must comply with either the Demand Management Measures in the Urban Water Conservation Planning Act or the California Urban Water Conservation Council Best Management Practices.CITY COMPLIANT YES 8 Designed by: Verdin Printed on recycled paper CITY OF SAN LUIS OBISPO 2015 Water Resources Status Report This Report Covers the Time Period of October 1, 2014 through September 30, 2015 Salinas Reservoir Dam, February 2015. Photo credit: County of San Luis Obispo. PREPARED BY: Ron Munds, Utilities Services Manager Jennifer Metz, Utilities Projects Manager Aaron Floyd, Utilities Deputy Director-Water City of San Luis Obispo 2015 Water Resources Status Report 2 The Water Resources Status Report updates the City Council and community on existing water resources. This report focuses on seven main areas: I. Drought II. Water Supply III. Projected Water Supply IV. Water Demand V. Water Resource Availability VI. Water Supply Accounting VII. Water Demand Management The 2015 Water Resources Status Report includes water production and water consumption data for October 1, 2014 through September 30, 2015 and was prepared in accordance with the City’s General Plan, Water and Wastewater Management Element (WWME), Policy A5.3.1. Historically, data provided in the Water Resources Status Report reflected on the preceding calendar year. Starting with this report, the Report corresponds to the Water Year (October 1 through September 30), the 12-month period for which precipitation totals are measured. This change enables the City to better report on water supply availability issues. I. DROUGHT The statewide drought has continued and is now well into the fourth year. Governor Brown declared a drought emergency on January 17, 2014 and, as part of the response, directed the State Water Resources Control Board (State Water Board) to draft water conservation regulations to respond to the emergency. The State Water Board adopted regulations prohibiting water waste in July 2014, and issued directives to reduce water use statewide. In response to the continuing drought conditions, the State Water Board extended the 2014 emergency regulations and added new measures on March 17, 2015. On April 1, 2015, the Governor issued Executive Order B-29-15 mandating increased enforcement against water waste and declared a statewide water use reduction goal of 25 percent. This action was followed by the State Water Board adopting regulations that require specific water purveyors to reduce water use in a range of 8 to 36 percent compared to their 2013 water usage . The amount of the mandated reduction is dependent on the water purveyor’s per capita use in 2013. The City’s required reduction is 12 percent. The following is a summary of the City’s progress of reaching this goal. City of San Luis Obispo 2015 Water Resources Status Report 3 2015 Reduction from 2013 June 20% July 26% August 25% September 19% October 19% The community has done an outstanding job in reducing water consumption in response to the new regulations and the city is on target to meet the State’s requirement. LOCAL RESPONSE STRATEGY The impacts of the 1987-1991 drought enculturated a strong water conservation ethic in San Luis Obispo along with an urgency to develop new water supply sources. The current statewide drought brought about unprecedented regulatory action from the State of California which resulted in a mandatory average 12 percent reduction in water use from June 2015 to February 2016, when compared with 2013 water use numbers. To achieve this mandate, the City Council adopted a drought response strategy in June 2015. This strategy includes: 1. Adoption of a resolution declaring a drought emergency; 2. Adoption of a resolution to defer new landscape installation or the use of modified landscape plans during the drought emergency; 3. Introduction of an ordinance amending Chapter 13.07 of the City’s Municipal Code to include two-day-a-week and time-of-day restrictions for outdoor watering; 4. Approval of an incentive program for high efficiency toilets and washing machines; and 5. Adoption of a resolution establishing a permit fee for the use of the Cor poration Yard groundwater well. This strategy relies on active enforcement of water waste prohibitions, with a core focus on providing information and resources to the public Nacimiento Reservoir Dam, February 2015. Photo credit: County of San Luis Obispo. City of San Luis Obispo 2015 Water Resources Status Report 4 II. WATER SUPPLY Per WWME Policy A2.2.1, the city uses multiple water sources to meet its water supply needs. The city has four primary water supply sources including Whale Rock Reservoir, Salinas Reservoir, Nacimiento Reservoir, and recycled water (for landscape irrigation and construction water), with groundwater serving as a fifth supplemental source. The supply per source for Water Year 2015 (October 1, 2014 to September 30, 2015) is summarized as follows: 2015 City Water Supply by Source (Acre Feet) Salinas Whale Rock* Nacimiento Groundwater Recycled Total Water Demand 1,122 1,718 1,891 89 168 4,988 23% 34% 38% 2% 3% 100% Notes: All Values are rounded. *Water delivered to Cal Poly State University is excluded from the City’s water demand. SALINAS & WHALE ROCK RESERVOIRS Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs have served as the city’s primary water supplies for over 50 years. The City pays the County of San Luis Obispo Flood Control and Water Conservation District (County) to provide oversight, operations, and maintenance of the Salinas Dam and related water delivery facilities. The City of San Luis Obispo provides the oversight, operations, and maintenance of the Whale Rock Reservoir for the benefit of the Whale Rock Commission, a joint powers agency made up of Cal Poly State University, California Men’s Colony, and the City. The city draws water from these two reservoirs to maximize the long-term water supply available from these two sources. In addition, the city has in a coordinated manner adopted policies in the WWME to account for reductions in storage capacity at each lake resulting from siltation. NACIMIENTO WATER PROJECT Water deliveries from the Nacimiento Reservoir began on January 5, 2011. The City has a contractual right to 3,380 acre feet per year. The county operates and maintains the project that delivers water from Nacimiento Reservoir to participating agencies (currently the cities of Paso Robles and San Luis Obispo, Atascadero Mutual Water Company, Templeton Community Whale Rock Reservoir, February 2015. Photo credit: County of San Luis Obispo. City of San Luis Obispo 2015 Water Resources Status Report 5 Services District, and County Service Area 10A [Cayucos]). The Nacimiento Project Commission, which is made up of representatives from each of the four agencies’ governing boards and a County Representative (who is a member of the County Board of Supervisors which also sits as the Board of Directors for the Flood Control District), provides oversight to project operations, maintenance, and the project budget. The Nacimiento pipeline was shut down on June 2, 2014 for emergency repairs and was offline for the remainder of 2014 , with flow being reinstated in April of 2015. RECYCLED WATER Recycled water use for 2014 totaled 185 acre feet, up five percent from 177 acre feet in 2013. For the 2015 Water Year, the City delivered 168 acre feet of recycled water. GROUNDWATER The City stopped supplying groundwater to its drinking water system in April 2015. Due to new regulatory requirements, using the groundwater would require additional costly treatment at the wells before the water could be used. Groundwater wells remain in operable stand-by condition should use of groundwater be required in the future . Pe r WWME Policy A 3.2.3, the Cit y does not con sider groundwater a source of supply due to limitation s on its use. Cit y wells are summarized below: Well Type Use Location Pacific Beach #1 Potable Domestic Los Osos Valley Road near Pacific Beach School Corp Yard Well Non-potable Construction Water City Corporation Yard Prado Road Laguna Lake Golf Course Non-potable Irrigation Laguna Lake Golf Course on LOVR SLO City Farm Non-potable Irrigation SLO Community Farm off Highway 101 & LOVR Note: The City discontinued domestic groundwater use in 2015. City of San Luis Obispo 2015 Water Resources Status Report 6 43% 25% 21% 11% Single Family Residential Uses Multi-Family Residential Uses Non-Residential Uses Landscape Irrigation III. PROJECTED WATER SUPPLY The City uses a computer model to estimate its future reservoir storage in Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs. This is accomplished by applying historical drought, weather patterns, water use projections, reservoir data, and available water supplies from Nacimiento Reservoir, and recycled water. The model assumes implementation of Stage I conservation measures when supplies are projected to last three years. Stage II and III conservation measures are implemented when water supplies are estimated to last two years and one year, respectively. In December 2014 the model predicted water supplies would last six years. In early 2015, the model was updated to include the new worst case drought information (climatic data for 2012, 2013, and 2014). The model indicates the City has approximately a three year supply of water as of September 2015. IV. WATER DEMAND During Water Year 2015, 68 percent of water use in the City was for single and multi-family residential uses. Historical water use is summarized below, as well as corresponding population, per capita use rate, and precipitation. The 2015 per capita water use was 97.3 gallons per capita per day (gpcd). Based on WWME policies, the City uses the ten -year gpcd average to project water required to serve build-out population. The ten-year average water use is 114.4 gpcd. City of San Luis Obispo 2015 Water Resources Status Report 7 Population, Water Use & Rainfall Year Population Total Water Use (acre feet) Per Capita (gpcd) Rainfall1,2,3 (inches) 2006 44,559 5,999 120.2 17.2 2007 44,433 6,493 130.5 12.7 2008 44,579 6,359 127.3 18.1 2009 44,829 6,134 122.2 18.9 2010 44,948 5,489 109.0 36.0 2011 45,418 5,285 103.9 18.9 2012 45,308 5,541 109.2 21.5 2013 45,541 5,892 115.5 3.8 2014 45,473 5,524 108.5 14.2 2015 45,802 4,990 97.3 11.8 Ten-year per capita average: 114.4 Notes: 1. Rai nfa ll amou nts for 2005 –2012 cal endar year source: Cal Poly CIMIS W eather Statio n. 2. Rai nfa ll amou nt fo r calendar year 2013-2015: SLO Reservoir. 3. Rainfall for 2015 covers October 2014 through September 2015 V. WATER RESOURCE AVAILABILITY The following table summarizes the Water Resource Availability to serve the community water demand based on WWME Section 3. Water availability for 2015 is 10,005 acre feet. 2015 Water Resource Availability Water Resource Acre Feet Description Salinas & Whale Rock Reservoirs 6,940 Safe Annual Yield 1 Nacimiento Reservoir 3,380 Dependable Yield 2 Recycled Water 185 2014 Annual Usage 3 Siltation from 2010 to 2060 (500) WWME Policy A 4.2.2 4 10,005 2015 Annual Availability NOTES: 1. Safe Annual Yield determined from computer model, which accounts for siltation loss through 2010 (per WWME Policy A 4.2.1). 2. Dependable Yield is the contractual amount of water the City has rights to from Nacimiento Reservoir. 3. The quantity of recycled water included is the actual prior year’s recycled water usage (calendar year 2014) per WWME Policy A 7.2.2. 4. Reservoir siltation is a natural occurrence that reduces storage capacity over long periods, resulting in the reduction of safe annual yield. City of San Luis Obispo 2015 Water Resources Status Report 8 VI. WATER SUPPLY ACCOUNTING Per WWME Section 5, the City will account for water supplies necessary to meet three specific community needs: 1. Primary water supply 2. Reliability reserve 3. Secondary water supply The primary water supply is defined as the amount of water needed to serve the build-out population of the City as identified in the Land Use Element of the General Plan. Table 3 in the Land Use Element identifies an urban reserve capacity of 57,200 people. The quantity of water needed for the primary water supply is calculated using the ten -year average of actual per capita water use, shown in Table 2, and the population of 57,200 (2014 LUCE). Per WWME Policy A 5.2.2: Primary Water Supply: = Ten Year Average per Capita Water Use x City Build-out Population = 114.4 gal/cap-day x 57,200 x 365 day/year x Acre-Ft/325,853 gal = 7,330 Acre-Ft/year The reliability reserve provides a buffer for future unforeseen or unpredictable long -term impacts to the City’s available water supply. The quantity of water for the reliability reserve is established using 20 percent of the ten-year average of per capita water use and the existing City population (45,802, 2015 population). The reliability reserve concept is included in the City’s Charter (Section 909) which identifies that the water may not be used to serve future development, and is defined per WWME Policy A 5.2.3: Reliability Reserve: = Ten Year Average per Capita Water Use x 2014 City Population x 20% = 114.4 gal/cap-day x 45,802 cap x 365 day/year x Acre-Ft/325,853 gal x 20% = 1,174 Acre-Ft/year City of San Luis Obispo 2015 Water Resources Status Report 9 The secondary water supply is the amount of water remaining from the City’s available water resources above those needed to meet the primary water supply and reliability reserve. The secondary supply is identified to meet peak water demand periods or short -term loss of City water supply sources, per WWME Policy A 5.2.4: Secondary Water Supply: = Current Annual Availability – Primary Water Supply – Reliability Reserve = 10,005 Acre-Ft/year A – 7,484 acre-Ft/year – 1,190 Acre-Ft/year = 1,501 Acre-Ft/year A 2015 Annual Availability Water supply accounting is summarized as follows: 2015 Water Supply Accounting (acre feet) Total Primary Water Supply Reliability Reserve Secondary Water Supply 10,005 7,330 1,174 1,501 VII. WATER DEMAND MANAGEMENT The City’s water conservation program is an integral part of its overall water management strategy. In the late 1980’s, the City implemented effective water efficiency programs and policies that allowed for continued community growth and economic development during water-constrained periods. Through strong conservation efforts, the community has reduced its annual average per capita water use from over 180 gallons in 1987 to 97 for the 2015 Water Year. REGIONAL COOPERATION Beyond the involvement in the Nacimiento Water Project, the City is a participating member of the Water Resources Advisory Council and Regional Water Management Group, which promotes collaborative, integrated management of water resources within San Luis Obispo County and provides policy recommendations to the County Board of Supervisors. In addition, the City participates in the Paso Robles Groundwater Basin Advisory Committee and the regional water conservation group Partners in Water Conservation. 2015 Urban Water Management Plan Appendix III: Department of Water Resources Checklist 2015 Urban Water Management Plan APPENDIX III: Compliance Checklist The City completed the following checklist of specific UWMP requirements as requested by DWR. The Checklist includes each UWMP requirements by subject, applicable CWC section, and the page number where the required element is addressed in the Plan to assist in the DWR review of the City’s UWMP. CWC Section UWMP Requirement Subject Guidebook Location UWMP Location 10620(b) Every person that becomes an urban water supplier shall adopt an urban water management plan within one year after it has become an urban water supplier. Plan Preparation Section 2.1 Page 1-1 10620(d)(2) Coordinate the preparation of its plan with other appropriate agencies in the area, including other water suppliers that share a common source, water management agencies, and relevant public agencies, to the extent practicable. Plan Preparation Section 2.5.2 Pages 1-2 & 1-3 10642 Provide supporting documentation that the water supplier has encouraged active involvement of diverse social, cultural, and economic elements of the population within the service area prior to and during the preparation of the plan. Plan Preparation Section 2.5.2 Page 1-3 10631(a) Describe the water supplier service area. System Description Section 3.1 Page 2-1 10631(a) Describe the climate of the service area of the supplier. System Description Section 3.3 Page 2-1 10631(a) Provide population projections for 2020, 2025, 2030, and 2035. System Description Section 3.4 Pages 2-2 & 2-3. Table 2 10631(a) Describe other demographic factors affecting the supplier’s water management planning. System Description Section 3.4 Pages 2-1 & 2-2 10631(a) Indicate the current population of the service area. System Description and Baselines and Targets Sections 3.4 and 5.4 Page 2-2 Table 2 10631(e)(1) Quantify past, current, and projected water use, identifying the uses among water use sectors. System Water Use Section 4.2 Page 3-1 Table 4 10631(e)(3) (A) Report the distribution system water loss for the most recent 12-month period available. System Water Use Section 4.3 Table 4 & Page 3-2 10631.1(a) Include projected water use needed for lower income housing projected in the service area of the supplier. System Water Use Section 4.5 Pages 3-2 & 3-3. Table 6 10608.20(b) Retail suppliers shall adopt a 2020 water use target using one of four methods. Baselines and Targets Section 5.7 and App E Page 3-3 & Tables 7 & 11 10608.20(e) Retail suppliers shall provide baseline daily per capita water use, urban water use target, interim urban water use target, and compliance daily per capita water use, along with the bases for determining those estimates, including references to supporting data. Baselines and Targets Chapter 5 and App E Pages 3-4, 3-5, 3-6, & 3.7 Tables 8, 9, 10, & 11 10608.22 Retail suppliers’ per capita daily water use reduction shall be no less than 5 percent of base daily per capita water use of the 5 year baseline. This does not apply if the suppliers base GPCD is at or below 100. Baselines and Targets Section 5.7.2 Page 3-7 & Table 11 10608.24(a) Retail suppliers shall meet their interim target by December 31, 2015. Baselines and Targets Section 5.8 and App E Page 3-8 & Table 14 2015 Urban Water Management Plan CWC Section UWMP Requirement Subject Guidebook Location UWMP Location 10608.24(d) (2) If the retail supplier adjusts its compliance GPCD using weather normalization, economic adjustment, or extraordinary events, it shall provide the basis for, and data supporting the adjustment. Baselines and Targets Section 5.8.2 NA 10608.36 Wholesale suppliers shall include an assessment of present and proposed future measures, programs, and policies to help their retail water suppliers achieve targeted water use reductions. Baselines and Targets Section 5.1 NA 10608.40 Retail suppliers shall report on their progress in meeting their water use targets. The data shall be reported using a standardized form. Baselines and Targets Section 5.8 and App E Pages 3-8 & 3-9. Table 14 10631(b) Identify and quantify the existing and planned sources of water available for 2015, 2020, 2025, 2030, and 2035. System Supplies Chapter 6 Table 19 10631(b) Indicate whether groundwater is an existing or planned source of water available to the supplier. System Supplies Section 6.2 Pages 4.5 & 4.6 10631(b)(1) Indicate whether a groundwater management plan has been adopted by the water supplier or if there is any other specific authorization for groundwater management. Include a copy of the plan or authorization. System Supplies Section 6.2.2 Page 4-6 10631(b)(2) Describe the groundwater basin. System Supplies Section 6.2.1 Page 4-5 10631(b)(2) Indicate if the basin has been adjudicated and include a copy of the court order or decree and a description of the amount of water the supplier has the legal right to pump. System Supplies Section 6.2.2 Page 4-6 10631(b)(2) For unadjudicated basins, indicate whether or not the department has identified the basin as overdrafted, or projected to become overdrafted. Describe efforts by the supplier to eliminate the long-term overdraft condition. System Supplies Section 6.2.3 Page 4-6 and Page 6-2 10631(b)(3) Provide a detailed description and analysis of the location, amount, and sufficiency of groundwater pumped by the urban water supplier for the past five years System Supplies Section 6.2.4 Page 4-6, Table 17 10631(b)(4) Provide a detailed description and analysis of the amount and location of groundwater that is projected to be pumped. System Supplies Sections 6.2 and 6.9 Page 4-6 10631(d) Describe the opportunities for exchanges or transfers of water on a short-term or long-term basis. System Supplies Section 6.7 Page 4-7 to 4-8 10631(g) Describe the expected future water supply projects and programs that may be undertaken by the water supplier to address water supply reliability in average, single-dry, and multiple-dry years. System Supplies Section 6.8 Page 4-8 10631(h) Describe desalinated water project opportunities for long-term supply. System Supplies Section 6.6 Page 4-8 10631(j) Retail suppliers will include documentation that they have provided their wholesale supplier(s) – if any - with water use projections from that source. System Supplies Section 2.5.1 Appendix I 2015 Urban Water Management Plan CWC Section UWMP Requirement Subject Guidebook Location UWMP Location 10631(j) Wholesale suppliers will include documentation that they have provided their urban water suppliers with identification and quantification of the existing and planned sources of water available from the wholesale to the urban supplier during various water year types. System Supplies Section 2.5.1 NA 10633 For wastewater and recycled water, coordinate with local water, wastewater, groundwater, and planning agencies that operate within the supplier's service area. System Supplies (Recycled Water) Section 6.5.1 Wastewater treatment is also City of San Luis Obispo 10633(a) Describe the wastewater collection and treatment systems in the supplier's service area. Include quantification of the amount of wastewater collected and treated and the methods of wastewater disposal. System Supplies (Recycled Water) Section 6.5.2 Pages 5-1 & 5.2. Table 22 10633(b) Describe the quantity of treated wastewater that meets recycled water standards, is being discharged, and is otherwise available for use in a recycled water project. System Supplies (Recycled Water) Section 6.5.2.2 Page 5-2 10633(c) Describe the recycled water currently being used in the supplier's service area. System Supplies (Recycled Water) Section 6.5.3 and 6.5.4 Page 5-2 & Figure 5 10633(d) Describe and quantify the potential uses of recycled water and provide a determination of the technical and economic feasibility of those uses. System Supplies (Recycled Water) Section 6.5.4 Page 5-4 10633(e) Describe the projected use of recycled water within the supplier's service area at the end of 5, 10, 15, and 20 years, and a description of the actual use of recycled water in comparison to uses previously projected. System Supplies (Recycled Water) Section 6.5.4 Page 5-5 10633(f) Describe the actions which may be taken to encourage the use of recycled water and the projected results of these actions in terms of acre-feet of recycled water used per year. System Supplies (Recycled Water) Section 6.5.5 Page 5-5 to 5-6 10633(g) Provide a plan for optimizing the use of recycled water in the supplier's service area. System Supplies (Recycled Water) Section 6.5.5 Page 5-4 and 5-7 10620(f) Describe water management tools and options to maximize resources and minimize the need to import water from other regions. Water Supply Reliability Assessment Section 7.4 Page 6-1 and 6-2 10631(c)(1) Describe the reliability of the water supply and vulnerability to seasonal or climatic shortage. Water Supply Reliability Assessment Section 7.1 Page 6-3 10631(c)(1) Provide data for an average water year, a single dry water year, and multiple dry water years Water Supply Reliability Assessment Section 7.2 Page 6-3, Table 27 10631(c)(2) For any water source that may not be available at a consistent level of use, describe plans to supplement or replace that source. Water Supply Reliability Assessment Section 7.1 N/A as noted on Page 6-3 10634 Provide information on the quality of existing sources of water available to the supplier and the manner in which water quality affects water management strategies and supply reliability Water Supply Reliability Assessment Section 7.1 Page 6-3 10635(a) Assess the water supply reliability during normal, dry, and multiple dry water years by comparing the total water supply sources available to the water supplier with the total projected water use over the next 20 years. Water Supply Reliability Assessment Section 7.3 Page 6-4 and 6-5, Tables 28, 29 and 30 2015 Urban Water Management Plan CWC Section UWMP Requirement Subject Guidebook Location UWMP Location 10632(a) and 10632(a)(1) Provide an urban water shortage contingency analysis that specifies stages of action and an outline of specific water supply conditions at each stage. Water Shortage Contingency Planning Section 8.1 Page 8-4 to 8-10 10632(a)(2) Provide an estimate of the minimum water supply available during each of the next three water years based on the driest three-year historic sequence for the agency. Water Shortage Contingency Planning Section 8.9 Page 8-11 10632(a)(3) Identify actions to be undertaken by the urban water supplier in case of a catastrophic interruption of water supplies. Water Shortage Contingency Planning Section 8.8 Page 8-11 10632(a)(4) Identify mandatory prohibitions against specific water use practices during water shortages. Water Shortage Contingency Planning Section 8.2 Page 8-6, 8-7, 8-8, 8-9, 8-10 10632(a)(5) Specify consumption reduction methods in the most restrictive stages. Water Shortage Contingency Planning Section 8.4 Page 8-9, 8-10 10632(a)(6) Indicated penalties or charges for excessive use, where applicable. Water Shortage Contingency Planning Section 8.3 Page 8-9, 8-10 10632(a)(7) Provide an analysis of the impacts of each of the actions and conditions in the water shortage contingency analysis on the revenues and expenditures of the urban water supplier, and proposed measures to overcome those impacts. Water Shortage Contingency Planning Section 8.6 Page 8-10 10632(a)(8) Provide a draft water shortage contingency resolution or ordinance. Water Shortage Contingency Planning Section 8.7 Appendix VII 10632(a)(9) Indicate a mechanism for determining actual reductions in water use pursuant to the water shortage contingency analysis. Water Shortage Contingency Planning Section 8.5 Page 8-2 10631(f)(1) Retail suppliers shall provide a description of the nature and extent of each demand management measure implemented over the past five years. The description will address specific measures listed in code. Demand Management Measures Sections 9.2 and 9.3 Page 7-2 10631(f)(2) Wholesale suppliers shall describe specific demand management measures listed in code, their distribution system asset management program, and supplier assistance program. Demand Management Measures Sections 9.1 and 9.3 N/A 10631(i) CUWCC members may submit their 2013-2014 CUWCC BMP annual reports in lieu of, or in addition to, describing the DMM implementation in their UWMPs. This option is only allowable if the supplier has been found to be in full compliance with the CUWCC MOU. Demand Management Measures Section 9.5 Appendix VI 10608.26(a) Retail suppliers shall conduct a public hearing to discuss adoption, implementation, and economic impact of water use targets. Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation Section 10.3 Appendix I 10621(b) Notify, at least 60 days prior to the public hearing, any city or county within which the supplier provides water that the urban water supplier will be reviewing the plan and considering amendments or changes to the plan. Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation Section 10.2.1 Appendix I 2015 Urban Water Management Plan CWC Section UWMP Requirement Subject Guidebook Location UWMP Location 10621(d) Each urban water supplier shall update and submit its 2015 plan to the department by July 1, 2016. Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation Sections 10.3.1 and 10.4 Available Following Adoption by City Council 10635(b) Provide supporting documentation that Water Shortage Contingency Plan has been, or will be, provided to any city or county within which it provides water, no later than 60 days after the submission of the plan to DWR. Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation Section 10.4.4 Available Following Adoption by City Council 10642 Provide supporting documentation that the urban water supplier made the plan available for public inspection, published notice of the public hearing, and held a public hearing about the plan. Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation Sections 10.2.2, 10.3, and 10.5 Appendix I 10642 The water supplier is to provide the time and place of the hearing to any city or county within which the supplier provides water. Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation Sections 10.2.1 Appendix I 10642 Provide supporting documentation that the plan has been adopted as prepared or modified. Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation Section 10.3.1 Available Following Adoption by City Council 10644(a) Provide supporting documentation that the urban water supplier has submitted this UWMP to the California State Library. Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation Section 10.4.3 Available Following Adoption by City Council 10644(a)(1) Provide supporting documentation that the urban water supplier has submitted this UWMP to any city or county within which the supplier provides water no later than 30 days after adoption. Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation Section 10.4.4 Available Following Adoption by City Council 10644(a)(2) The plan, or amendments to the plan, submitted to the department shall be submitted electronically. Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation Sections 10.4.1 and 10.4.2 Available Following Adoption by City Council 10645 Provide supporting documentation that, not later than 30 days after filing a copy of its plan with the department, the supplier has or will make the plan available for public review during normal business hours. Plan Adoption, Submittal, and Implementation Section 10.5 Available Following Adoption by City Council 2015 Urban Water Management Plan Appendix IV: AWWA Water Loss Audit Water Audit Report for: Reporting Year: All volumes to be entered as: ACRE-FEET PER YEAR Master Meter and Supply Error Adjustments WATER SUPPLIED Pcnt:Value: Volume from own sources:3 2,044.410 acre-ft/yr acre-ft/yr Water imported:3 2,677.020 acre-ft/yr acre-ft/yr Water exported:acre-ft/yr acre-ft/yr Enter negative % or value for under-registration WATER SUPPLIED:4,721.430 acre-ft/yr Enter positive % or value for over-registration . AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION Billed metered:7 4,296.000 acre-ft/yr Billed unmetered:10 acre-ft/yr Unbilled metered:10 2.980 acre-ft/yr Pcnt:Value: Unbilled unmetered:5 59.018 acre-ft/yr 1.25%acre-ft/yr24061 AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION:4,357.998 acre-ft/yr WATER LOSSES (Water Supplied - Authorized Consumption)363.432 acre-ft/yr Apparent Losses Pcnt:Value: Unauthorized consumption:4 11.804 acre-ft/yr 0.25%acre-ft/yr Customer metering inaccuracies:4 0.000 acre-ft/yr acre-ft/yr Systematic data handling errors:5 10.740 acre-ft/yr 0.25%acre-ft/yr Apparent Losses:22.544 acre-ft/yr Real Losses (Current Annual Real Losses or CARL) Real Losses = Water Losses - Apparent Losses:340.889 acre-ft/yr WATER LOSSES:363.432 acre-ft/yr NON-REVENUE WATER NON-REVENUE WATER:425.430 acre-ft/yr = Water Losses + Unbilled Metered + Unbilled Unmetered SYSTEM DATA Length of mains:8 185.0 miles Number of active AND inactive service connections:10 14,995 Service connection density:81 conn./mile main Yes Average length of customer service line:ft Average operating pressure:3 70.0 psi COST DATA Total annual cost of operating water system:10 $/Year Customer retail unit cost (applied to Apparent Losses):9 Variable production cost (applied to Real Losses):1 $/acre-ft WATER AUDIT DATA VALIDITY SCORE: PRIORITY AREAS FOR ATTENTION: 1: Water imported 2: Volume from own sources 3: Variable production cost (applied to Real Losses) Based on the information provided, audit accuracy can be improved by addressing the following components: $/100 cubic feet (ccf) <----------- Enter grading in column 'E' and 'J' ----------> Default option selected for unauthorized consumption - a grading of 5 is applied but not displayed *** YOUR SCORE IS: 53 out of 100 *** A weighted scale for the components of consumption and water loss is included in the calculation of the Water Audit Data Validity Score Default option selected for Systematic data handling errors - a grading of 5 is applied but not displayed Average length of customer service line has been set to zero and a data grading score of 10 has been applied Are customer meters typically located at the curbstop or property line? AWWA Free Water Audit Software: Reporting Worksheet Enter a positive value, otherwise a default percentage of 1.25% (of billed metered) is applied and a grading of 5 is applied but not displayed 2015 1/2015 - 12/2015 City of San Luis Obispo (4010009) ? ? ? ? ? ?Click to access definition ? ? ? ? ? ? Please enter data in the white cells below. Where available, metered values should be used; if metered values are unavailable please estimate a value. Indicate your confidence in the accuracy of the input data by grading each component (n/a or 1-10) using the drop-down list to the left of the input cell. Hover the mouse over the cell to obtain a description of the grades ? ? ? ? ? ? (length of service line, beyond the property boundary, that is the responsibility of the utility) Use buttons to select percentage of water supplied OR value ?Click here: for help using option buttons below ? ? ? ? + +Click to add a comment WAS v5.0 + + + + + + American Water Works Association. Copyright © 2014, All Rights Reserved. ? ? ? + + + + + + + + + + + + +Use Customer Retail Unit Cost to value real losses ? To select the correct data grading for each input, determine the highest grade where the utility meets or exceeds all criteria for that grade and all grades below it. AWWA Free Water Audit Software v5.0 Reporting Worksheet 1 Water Audit Report for:City of San Luis Obispo (4010009) Reporting Year: System Attributes: Apparent Losses:22.544 acre-ft/yr + Real Losses:340.889 acre-ft/yr = Water Losses:363.432 acre-ft/yr Unavoidable Annual Real Losses (UARL):254.84 acre-ft/yr Annual cost of Apparent Losses:$0 Annual cost of Real Losses:Valued at Variable Production Cost Performance Indicators: Non-revenue water as percent by volume of Water Supplied:9.0% Non-revenue water as percent by cost of operating system: Real Losses valued at Variable Production Cost Apparent Losses per service connection per day:1.34 gallons/connection/day Real Losses per service connection per day:20.30 gallons/connection/day Real Losses per length of main per day*:N/A Real Losses per service connection per day per psi pressure:0.29 gallons/connection/day/psi From Above, Real Losses = Current Annual Real Losses (CARL):340.89 acre-feet/year 1.34 * This performance indicator applies for systems with a low service connection density of less than 32 service connections/mile of pipeline Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) [CARL/UARL]: 2015 1/2015 - 12/2015 Return to Reporting Worksheet to change this assumpiton AWWA Free Water Audit Software: System Attributes and Performance Indicators *** YOUR WATER AUDIT DATA VALIDITY SCORE IS: 53 out of 100 *** ? ? 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WAS v5.0 Financial: Operational Efficiency: AWWA Free Water Audit Software v5.0 Performance Indicators 1 Water Audit Report for: Reporting Year:2015 1/2015 - 12/2015 Data Validity Score:53 Water Exported 0.000 Billed Metered Consumption (water exported is removed)Revenue Water 4,296.000 Own Sources Authorized Consumption 4,296.000 Billed Unmetered Consumption 4,296.000 0.000 4,357.998 Unbilled Metered Consumption 2.980 2,044.410 61.998 Unbilled Unmetered Consumption 59.018 Water Supplied Unauthorized Consumption 425.430 Apparent Losses 11.804 4,721.430 22.544 Customer Metering Inaccuracies 0.000 Systematic Data Handling Errors Water Losses 10.740 Water Imported 363.432 Leakage on Transmission and/or Distribution Mains Real Losses Not broken down 2,677.020 340.889 Leakage and Overflows at Utility's Storage Tanks Not broken down Leakage on Service Connections Not broken down AWWA Free Water Audit Software: Water Balance Non-Revenue Water (NRW) Billed Authorized Consumption Unbilled Authorized Consumption (Adjusted for known errors) Billed Water Exported City of San Luis Obispo (4010009) WAS v5.0 American Water Works Association. AWWA Free Water Audit Software v5.0 Water Balance 1 2015 Urban Water Management Plan Appendix V: 2015 Annual Water Quality Report PWS ID#: XX Presented By PWS ID#: 4010009 Este informe contiene información muy importante sobre su agua potable. Tradúzcalo o hable con alguien que lo entienda bien. Meeting the Challenge Once again we are proud to present our annual drinking water report, covering all drinking water testing performed between January 1 and December 31, 2015. Over the years, we have dedicated ourselves to producing drinking water that meets all state and federal standards. We continually strive to adopt new methods for delivering the best quality drinking water to your homes and businesses. As new challenges to drinking water safety emerge, we remain vigilant in meeting the goals of source water protection, water conservation, and community education while continuing to serve the needs of all of our water users. Please remember that we are always available to assist you, should you ever have any questions or concerns about your water. Important Health Information Some people may be more vulnerable to contaminants in drinking water than the general population. Immunocompromised persons such as persons with cancer undergoing chemotherapy, persons who have undergone organ transplants, people with HIV/AIDS or other immune system disorders, some elderly, and infants may be particularly at risk from infections. These people should seek advice about drinking water from their health care providers. The U.S. EPA/ CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) guidelines on appropriate means to lessen the risk of infection by Cryptosporidium and other microbial contaminants are available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791 or http:// water.epa.gov/drink/hotline. Substances That Could Be in Water The sources of drinking water (both tap water and bottled water) include rivers, lakes, streams, ponds, reservoirs, springs, and wells. As water travels over the surface of the land or through the ground, it dissolves naturally occurring minerals and, in some cases, radioactive material, and can pick up substances resulting from the presence of animals or from human activity. In order to ensure that tap water is safe to drink, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) and the State Water Resources Control Board (State Board) prescribe regulations that limit the amount of certain contaminants in water provided by public water systems. State Board regulations also establish limits for contaminants in bottled water that must provide the same protection for public health. Drinking water, including bottled water, may reasonably be expected to contain at least small amounts of some contaminants. The presence of contaminants does not necessarily indicate that water poses a health risk. Contaminants that may be present in source water include: Microbial Contaminants, such as viruses and bacteria, that may come from sewage treatment plants, septic systems, agricultural livestock operations, and wildlife; Inorganic Contaminants, such as salts and metals, that can be naturally occurring or can result from urban stormwater runoff, industrial or domestic wastewater discharges, oil and gas production, mining, or farming; Pesticides and Herbicides, that may come from a variety of sources such as agriculture, urban stormwater runoff, and residential uses; Organic Chemical Contaminants, including synthetic and volatile organic chemicals, which are by-products of industrial processes and petroleum production, and which can also come from gas stations, urban stormwater runoff, agricultural applications, and septic systems; Radioactive Contaminants, that can be naturally occurring or can be the result of oil and gas production and mining activities. More information about contaminants and potential health effects can be obtained by calling the U.S. EPA’s Safe Drinking Water Hotline at (800) 426-4791.Community Participation City Council meetings are held on the first and third Tuesdays of each month at 6:00 p.m. at City Hall, 990 Palm Street, San Luis Obispo, California. A public comment period is held at the beginning of each meeting. Questions? For more information about this report, or for any questions relating to your drinking water, please contact Dean Furukawa, Water Treatment Plant Supervisor, at (805) 781-7566 or dfurukawa@slocity.org. Source Water Assessment Assessments of the drinking water sources for the City of San Luis Obispo have been conducted. These sources include Salinas Reservoir, Whale Rock Reservoir, Nacimiento Lake, Pacific Beach Well, and Fire Station #4 Well. To request a summary of an assessment, contact Jeff Densmore, District Engineer, Santa Barbara District, at (805) 566-1326, or the City of San Luis Obispo at (805) 781-7215. A copy of the complete assessment is available from the SWRCB Division of Drinking Water, 1180 Eugenia Place, Suite 200, Carpinteria, California 93013; or the City of San Luis Obispo, 879 Morro Street, San Luis Obispo, California 93401. Where Does My Water Come From? The City of San Luis Obispo is fortunate to have several sources of water. The Salinas Reservoir (also known as Santa Margarita Lake, eight miles east of Santa Margarita), Whale Rock Reservoir (Cayucos), and Nacimiento Lake (16 miles northwest of Paso Robles) are our main supplies. The surface water from the three lakes is treated at the Stenner Creek Water Treatment Plant. In 2015, well water was used to meet a small percentage (1%) of the City’s demand for water. The active well was the Pacific Beach Well #1 (Los Osos Valley Road). During 2015, our treatment plant and well delivered 1.69 billion gallons of water to San Luis Obispo. Lead in Home Plumbing If present, elevated levels of lead can cause serious health problems, especially for pregnant women and young children. Lead in drinking water is primarily from materials and components associated with service lines and home plumbing. We are responsible for providing high-quality drinking water, but cannot control the variety of materials used in plumbing components. When your water has been sitting for several hours, you can minimize the potential for lead exposure by flushing your tap for 30 seconds to 2 minutes before using water for drinking or cooking. (If you do so, you may wish to collect the flushed water and reuse it for another beneficial purpose, such as watering plants.) If you are concerned about lead in your water, you may wish to have your water tested. Information on lead in drinking water, testing methods, and steps you can take to minimize exposure is available from the Safe Drinking Water Hotline or at www.epa.gov/lead.Fluoridation Our water system treats your water by adding fluoride to the naturally occurring level to help prevent dental caries in consumers. State regulations require the fluoride levels in the treated water be maintained within a range of 0.6 - 1.2 ppm with an optimum dose of 0.7 ppm. Our monitoring showed that the fluoride levels in the treated water ranged from 0.1 to 0.8 with an average of 0.6 ppm. Information about fluoridation, oral health, and current issues is available from http://www. waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_ water/certlic/drinkingwater/ Fluoridation.shtml. Sampling Results During the past year, we have taken hundreds of water samples to determine the presence of any radioactive, biological, inorganic, volatile organic or synthetic organic contaminants. The table below shows only those contaminants that were detected in the water. The State requires us to monitor for certain substances less often that once per year because the concentrations of these substances do not change frequently. In these cases, the most recent sample data are included, along with the year in which the sample was taken. We participated in the 3rd stage of the EPA’s Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR3) program by performing additional tests on our drinking water. UCMR3 benefits the environment and public health by providing the EPA with data on the occurrence of contaminants suspected to be in drinking water, in order to determine if EPA needs to introduce new regulatory standards to improve drinking water quality. Contact us for more information on this program. REGULATED SUBSTANCES SUBSTANCE (UNIT OF MEASURE) YEAR SAMPLED MCL [MRDL] PHG (MCLG) [MRDLG] AMOUNT DETECTED RANGE LOW-HIGH VIOLATION TYPICAL SOURCE Aluminum (ppm)2015 1 0.6 0.068 ND–0.13 No Erosion of natural deposits; residue from some surface water treatment processes Barium (ppm)2015 1 2 0.043 ND–0.13 No Discharges of oil drilling wastes and from metal refineries; erosion of natural deposits Chlorine (ppm)2015 [4.0 (as Cl2)] [4 (as Cl2)] 0.81 0.1–1.4 No Drinking water disinfectant added for treatment Chromium (ppb)2015 50 (100)3.57 ND–14 No Discharge from steel and pulp mills and chrome plating; erosion of natural deposits Control of DBP precursors [TOC]1 (% removal) 2015 TT NA 23.5 11–31 No Various natural and man-made sources Fluoride2 (ppm)2015 2.0 1 0.6 0.1–0.8 No Erosion of natural deposits; water additive that promotes strong teeth; discharge from fertilizer and aluminum factories Gross Alpha Particle Activity (pCi/L)2011 15 (0)0.0145 ND–0.029 No Erosion of natural deposits Haloacetic Acids3 (ppb)2015 60 NA 20.8 8.0–23.0 No By-product of drinking water disinfection Hexavalent Chromium (ppb)2015 10 0.02 2.0 ND–12.0 No Discharge from electroplating factories, leather tanneries, wood preservation, chemical synthesis, refractory production, and textile manufacturing facilities; erosion of natural deposits Nitrate [as nitrate] (ppm)2015 45 45 4.87 0.5–9.1 No Runoff and leaching from fertilizer use; leaching from septic tanks and sewage; erosion of natural deposits TTHMs [Total Trihalomethanes]3 (ppb) 2015 80 NA 82.1 30.4–115.0 Yes By-product of drinking water disinfection Turbidity4 (NTU)2015 TT NA 0.12 0.03–0.12 No Soil runoff Turbidity (Lowest monthly percent of samples meeting limit) 2015 TT = 95% of samples < 0.3 NTU NA 100%NA No Soil runoff Tap water samples were collected for lead and copper analyses from sample sites throughout the community SUBSTANCE (UNIT OF MEASURE) YEAR SAMPLED AL PHG (MCLG) AMOUNT DETECTED (90TH%TILE) SITES ABOVE AL/TOTAL SITES VIOLATION TYPICAL SOURCE Copper (ppm)2013 1.3 0.3 0.114 0/30 No Internal corrosion of household plumbing systems; erosion of natural deposits; leaching from wood preservatives Lead (ppb)2013 15 0.2 0.9 0/30 No Internal corrosion of household water plumbing systems; discharges from industrial manufacturers; erosion of natural deposits SECONDARY SUBSTANCES SUBSTANCE (UNIT OF MEASURE) YEAR SAMPLED SMCL PHG (MCLG) AMOUNT DETECTED RANGE LOW-HIGH VIOLATION TYPICAL SOURCE Aluminum (ppb)2015 200 NS 68 ND–130 No Erosion of natural deposits; residual from some surface water treatment processes Chloride (ppm)2015 500 NS 28.7 22–34 No Runoff/leaching from natural deposits; seawater influence Specific Conductance (micromhos)2015 1,600 NS 691 580–830 No Substances that form ions when in water; seawater influence Sulfate (ppm)2015 500 NS 58 30–84 No Runoff/leaching from natural deposits; industrial wastes Total Dissolved Solids (ppm)2015 1,000 NS 373 300–460 No Runoff/leaching from natural deposits UNREGULATED CONTAMINANT MONITORING RULE PART 3 (UCMR3) SUBSTANCE (UNIT OF MEASURE) YEAR SAMPLED AMOUNT DETECTED RANGE LOW-HIGH Chlorate (ppb)2015 140 88–240 Molybdenum (ppb)2015 3.33 ND–4.5 Strontium (ppb)2015 412 290–450 Vanadium (ppb)2015 2.0 ND–5.4 1 Total organic carbon (TOC) has no health effects. However, TOC provides a medium for the formation of disinfection by-products such as TTHMs and HAA5s. The City’s TOC reduction requirement was 15 - 25% based on a running annual average calculated quarterly. 2 The City currently adds fluoride to the treated water produced by the water treatment plant to achieve an optimum target residual of 0.7 ppm. Some limited areas in the City along Los Osos Valley Road received a blend of surface water and groundwater that may have a lower fluoride residual. 3 Regulatory compliance is determined based on the Locational Running Annual Average (LRAA). 4 Turbidity is a measure of the cloudiness of the water. We monitor it because it is a good indicator of the effectiveness of our filtration system. Definitions AL (Regulatory Action Level): The concentration of a contaminant which, if exceeded, triggers treatment or other requirements that a water system must follow. LRAA (Locational Running Annual Average): The average of sample analytical results for samples taken at a particular monitoring location during the previous four calendar quarters. Amount Detected values for TTHMs and HAAs are reported as LRAAs. MCL (Maximum Contaminant Level): The highest level of a contaminant that is allowed in drinking water. Primary MCLs are set as close to the PHGs (or MCLGs) as is economically and technologically feasible. Secondary MCLs (SMCLs) are set to protect the odor, taste and appearance of drinking water. MCLG (Maximum Contaminant Level Goal): The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MCLGs are set by the U.S. EPA. micromhos: A measure of electrical conductance. MRDL (Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level): The highest level of a disinfectant allowed in drinking water. There is convincing evidence that addition of a disinfectant is necessary for control of microbial contaminants. MRDLG (Maximum Residual Disinfectant Level Goal): The level of a drinking water disinfectant below which there is no known or expected risk to health. MRDLGs do not reflect the benefits of the use of disinfectants to control microbial contaminants. NA: Not applicable ND (Not detected): Indicates that the substance was not found by laboratory analysis. NS: No standard NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units): Measurement of the clarity, or turbidity, of water. Turbidity in excess of 5 NTU is just noticeable to the average person. pCi/L (picocuries per liter): A measure of radioactivity. PDWS (Primary Drinking Water Standard): MCLs and MRDLs for contaminants that affect health along with their monitoring and reporting requirements, and water treatment requirements. PHG (Public Health Goal): The level of a contaminant in drinking water below which there is no known or expected risk to health. PHGs are set by the California EPA. ppb (parts per billion): One part substance per billion parts water (or micrograms per liter). ppm (parts per million): One part substance per million parts water (or milligrams per liter). TT (Treatment Technique): A required process intended to reduce the level of a contaminant in drinking water. VIOLATION OF A MCL, MRDL, AL, TT, OR MONITORING AND REPORTING REQUIREMENT VIOLATION EXPLANATION DURATION ACTIONS TAKEN TO CORRECT THE VIOLATION HEALTH EFFECTS TTHM Primary Standard In the 2nd quarter of 2015, the Stage 2 Disinfectant By-product regulatory sampling site near Johnson Avenue and Southwood Drive exceeded the locational running annual average (LRAA) for Total Trihalomethanes (TTHM). That LRAA was 82.1 parts per billion (ppb) which exceeded the standard or maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 80 ppb. TTHM form when chlorine used for disinfection reacts with naturally occurring organic material in surface and ground waters. One quarter In response, City staff evaluated each surface water source, optimized the water treatment process to lower the potential of TTHM formation, made operational changes in the water distribution system to reduce the water age, and increased the monitoring of chlorine residual throughout the system. These adjustments have resulted in lower TTHM levels and all subsequent LRAAs to be less than the MCL. Some people who drink water containing trihalomethanes in excess of the MCL over many years may experience liver, kidney, or central nervous system problems, and may have an increased risk of getting cancer. Summary Information for Violation of a MCL, MRDL, AL, TT, or Monitoring and Reporting Requirement 2015 Urban Water Management Plan Appendix VI: CUWCC Best Management Practices 1. Conservation Coordinator provided with necessary resources to implement BMPs? Name: Title: Email: Utilities Services Interim Manager Marcus Henderson mhenderson@slocity.org 2. Water Waste Prevention Documents City of San Luis Obispo87 WW Document Name WWP File Name WW Prevention URL WW Prevention Ordinance Terms Description Option A Describe the ordinances or terms of service adopted by your agency to meet the water waste prevention requirements of this BMP. http://www.codepublishing. com/ca/sanluisobispo/ http://www.codepublishing.co m/ca/sanluisobispo/, http://www.slocity.org/utilities/ download/engstandland. City Ordinance, Chapter 13.07 Water Conservation City Ordinance, Chapter 13.06 Mandatory Plumbing Retrofit Standards Engineering Standards, Se Option B Describe any water waste prevention ordinances or requirements adopted by your local jurisdiction or regulatory agencies within your service area. Option C Describe any documentation of support for legislation or regulations that prohibit water waste. Option D Describe your agency efforts to cooperate with other entities in the adoption or enforcement of local requirements consistent with this BMP. Option E Describe your agency support positions with respect to adoption of legislation or regulations that are consistent with this BMP. Option F Describe your agency efforts to support local ordinances that establish permits requirements for water efficient design in new development. At Least As effective As No BMP 1.1 Operation Practices Foundational Best Managemant Practices for Urban Water Efficiency CUWCC BMP Retail Coverage Report 2014 ON TRACK Exemption Comments: No BMP 1.1 Operation Practices Foundational Best Managemant Practices for Urban Water Efficiency CUWCC BMP Retail Coverage Report 2014 ON TRACK 87 City of San Luis Obispo Completed Standard Water Audit Using AWWA Software?Yes AWWA File provided to CUWCC?Yes Copy_of_AWWA-water_audit_13-14.xls AWWA Water Audit Validity Score? 50 Complete Training in AWWA Audit Method Yes Complete Training in Component Analysis Process? Yes Component Analysis? Yes Repaired all leaks and breaks to the extent cost effective? Yes Locate and Repar unreported leaks to the extent cost effective? Yes Maintain a record keeping system for the repair of reported leaks, including time of report, leak location, type of leaking pipe segment or fitting, and leak running time from report to repair.Yes CUWCC BMP Coverage Report 2014 Foundational Best Management Practices For Urban Water Efficiency BMP 1.2 Water Loss Control ON TRACK Provided 7 Types of Water Loss Control Info Leaks Repairs Value Real Losses Value Apparent Losses Miles Surveyed Press Reduction Cost Of Interventions Water Saved (AF) 58 0 True Comments: At Least As effective As No NoExemption 87 City of San Luis Obispo Numbered Unmetered Accounts No Metered Accounts billed by volume of use Yes Number of CII Accounts with Mixed Use Meters 1013 Conducted a feasibility study to assess merits of a program to provide incentives to switch mixed-use accounts to dedicated landscape meters? Yes Feasibility Study provided to CUWCC?Yes Completed a written plan, policy or program to test, repair and replace meters Yes Comments: Date: Uploaded file name: 5/1/2011 BMP 1 3 Feastibilty Study.xls At Least As effective As No NoExemption BMP 1.3 Metering With Commodity CUWCC BMP Coverage Report 2014 Foundational Best Management Practices For Urban Water Efficiency ON TRACK Use Annual Revenue As ReportedImplementation Option: Implementation (Water Rate Structure) 87 City of San Luis Obispo YesAgency Provide Sewer Service: Customer Class Water Rate Type Conserving Rate? (V) Total Revenue Comodity Charges (M) Total Revenue Fixed Carges 1 0 8 6 Single-Family Increasing Block Yes 7694943 617065.5 Multi-Family Increasing Block Yes 2852104 89913.78 Commercial Increasing Block Yes 3339986 118873.3 Dedicated Irrigation Increasing Block Yes 2848943 39355.58 16735976 865208.16 95Calculate: V / (V + M)% Customer Class Rate Type Conserving Rate? Single-Family Uniform Yes Multi-Family Uniform Yes Commercial Uniform Yes NA Canadian Water and Wastewater Association Use 3 years average instead of most recent year Upload file: Comments: At Least As effective As Yes NA NoExemption BMP 1.4 Retail Conservation Pricing CUWCC BMP Coverage Report 2014 Foundational Best Management Practices For Urban Water Efficiency On Track 87 City of San Luis Obispo Retail The list of wholesale agencies performing public outreach which can be counted to help the agency comply with the BMP Description of all other Public Outreach programs p Public Outreach Program List Number 7 8 2 8 3 Newsletter articles on conservation 88000 Total 88000 Number Media Contacts Number Newspaper contacts 4 Television contacts 4 Total 8 Annual Budget Category Annual Budget Amount 40600 Total Amount:40600 Does your agency perform Public Outreach programs?Yes Did at least one contact take place during each quater of the reporting year?No Did at least one contact take place during each quater of the reporting year?Yes Did at least one website update take place during each quater of the reporting year?Yes Public Information Program Annual Budget Comments: The name of agency, contact name and email address if not CUWCC Group 1 members 0NoExemption At Least As effective As No CUWCC BMP Coverage Report BMP 2.1 Public Outreach 2014 Foundational Best Management Practices For Urban Water Efficiency ON TRACK 87 City of San Luis Obispo Retail Materials meet state education framework requirements? Consultant guarantees curriculm meets state standards Materials distributed to K-6? In class presentations cover the state education framework; teachers guide with materials supporting the presentation provided a consultant Materials distributed to 7-12 students? (Info Only) Annual budget for school education program:10000.00 Description of all other water supplier education programs water supply, water conservation, water recycling NoDoes your agency implement School Education programs? The list of wholesale agencies performing public outreach which can be counted to help the agency comply with the BMP Yes Yes Yes In class presentations cover the state education framework; teachers guide with materials supporting the presentation provided a consultant Comments: 0NoExemption At Least As effective As No BMP 2.2 School Education Programs CUWCC BMP Coverage Report 2014 Foundational Best Management Practices For Urban Water Efficiency ON TRACK GPCD in 2014 GPCD Target for 2018: 104.81 Biennial GPCD Compliance Table Year 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 Report 1 2 3 4 5 % Base 96.4% 92.8% 89.2% 85.6% 82.0% GPCD 119.40 114.90 110.40 106.00 101.50 % Base 100% 96.4% 92.8% 89.2% 82.0% GPCD 123.80 119.40 114.90 110.40 101.50 Target Highest Acceptable Bound 87 City of San Luis Obispo 101.50 Baseline GPCD:123.81 ON TRACK CUWCC BMP Coverage Report 2014 2015 Urban Water Management Plan Appendix VII: Draft Water Rationing Ordinance Draft ORDINANCE NO. (2016 Series) AN ORDINANCE OF THE COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF SAN LUIS OBISPO ESTABLISHING A MANDATORY WATER CONSERVATION PROGRAM WHEREAS, the City has experienced multiple years of below normal rainfall; and WHEREAS, the City’s reservoirs have an estimated five year water storage capacity; and WHEREAS, City policy requires that when there is an estimated five year water storage capacity remaining in the City’s reservoirs that mandatory conservation measures be implemented. BE IT ORDAINED by the Council of the City of San Luis Obispo as follows: SECTION 1. The City has established the following allocation method for each customer classification. Single Family Residential - A per capita allotment will be assigned to each single family residence (64 gppd during a Severe Water Shortage, 56 gppd during an Extreme Water Shortage, and 48 gppd during a Critical Water Shortage). Additional water would be allocated dependent on verification of the actual number of people in a household. Multi-family Residential - A per capita allotment based on a three person household will be assigned to each multi-family residence. If there are more than three people in the household, additional water would be allocated dependent on verification of the actual number of person in the household. Commercial - Commercial customers will receive an allocation using a percent reduction methodology based on the average of the previous three years of water use. An optional baseline standard allocation will also be available to commercial customers. Institutional - Institutional customers will receive an allocation using a percent reduction methodology based on the average of the previous three years of water use. Landscape Meters - Landscape only metered customers will receive an allocation using a percent reduction methodology based on the average of the previous three years of water use. Excessive Water Use Penalties - Customers exceeding their assigned allocation will pay a 100 percent surcharge of the water portion of their bill. If the customer exceeds the base allocation assigned to their account, a 200 percent surcharge will be assessed. SECTION 2. A summary of this ordinance, approved by the City Attorney, together with the names of the Council members voting for and against it, shall be published at least five days prior to its final passage, in the Tribune, a newspaper published and circulated in this City. This ordinance will go into effect at the expiration of thirty (30) days after its final passage. Ordinance No. __________________ (2016 Series) Page 2 INTRODUCED on the _________ day of _____________________________2016 AND FINALLY ADOPTED by the Council of the City of San Luis Obispo on the ________day of ________________________2016, on the following roll call vote: AYES: NOES: ABSENT: ____________________________________ Mayor Jan Marx ATTEST: ____________________________________ Lee Price, City Clerk APPROVED AS TO FORM: ____________________________________ J. Christine Dietrick, City Attorney