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HomeMy WebLinkAboutItem #2 - 609 Palm Street - EID-0349-2017Meetin g Date: January 22, 2018 Item Number: 22sz CULTURAL HERITAGE COMMITTEE AGENDA REPORT SUBJECT: Review of the Cultural Resources Evaluation in the Draft Environmental Impact Report (DEIR) prepared for the Palm Nipomo Parking Garage project which includes five levels of parking for up to 445 parking spaces, 5,000 square feet of commercial space, and a non-profit theatre with approximately 24,000 square feet and up to 255 theatre seats. PROJECT ADDRESS: 609 Palm Street BY: Rachel Cohen, Associate Planner (610, 614, 630, 633 Palm St. & Phone Number: 781-7574 970, 972 Nipomo St.) e-mail: rcohen@slocity.org FILE NUMBER: EID-0349-2017 FROM: Brian Leveille, Senior Planner 1.0 RECOMMENDATION: Provide comments to staff on any additional analysis or information needed to adequately evaluate cultural resource impacts in the proposed project. SITE DATA Applicant City of San Luis Obispo Zoning O-H (Office with a Historic Overlay) & R-3 (Medium-High Density Residential) General Plan Office & Medium-High Density Residential Site Area ~60,329 s.f. (1.38 acres) Environmental Status A Draft EIR is now under public review until February 16, 2018. 2.0 SUMMARY The project will involve the construction of an above-ground five-level parking structure, non-profit theater, and commercial space. The parking structure will provide 400 to 445 parking spaces. Main vehicular access to the structure will be provided from Palm Street, with secondary access on Nipomo Street. The project proposes to also include 5,000 square feet of commercial space on two levels fronting Nipomo Street and a new structure for the San Luis Obispo Repertory Theatre (formally known as the SLO Little Theatre) that will front Monterey Street. San Luis Obispo Repertory Theatre is proposing a three-story structure with a gross floor area of 23,841 square feet. The Draft EIR includes evaluation of Cultural and Tribal Cultural Resources (Attachment 1) affected by the project proposal. The Draft EIR has been referred to the Cultural Heritage Committee in order to receive focused comments on the analysis which can be incorporated into the Final EIR for responses CHC2 - 1 EID-0349-2017 (609 Palm Street) January 22, 2018 Page 2 Figure 1: Current site zoning; project site is outlined in red. to comments and included with the discussion when the Planning Commission and City Council consider certification of the Final EIR. Staff has attached relevant sections of the EIR including the Cultural and Tribal Cultural Resources evaluation section and the Cultural Resources Survey and Evaluation (Attachments 1 & 2). The complete EIR can be found on the City website here: http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/community-development/documents- online/environmental-review-documents/-folder-1903 3.0 COMMISSION’S PURVIEW The CHC’s role is to review the Cultural and Tribal Cultural Resources section of the Draft EIR (Attachment 1) and provide any feedback regarding the adequacy of the cultural resources evaluation and additional needed information or modifications or issues which should be addressed in mitigation measures. Staff will be available to clarify information contained in the Draft EIR, or to respond to straightforward questions, but comments related to technical analysis are more appropriately responded to in the Final EIR, once staff and the EIR consultant are able to accurately perform any needed technical review or evaluation. Response in the Final EIR also provides full disclosure for all interested parties instead of the information only being provided to members of the public in attendance at the meeting. All comments received in this CHC review will be responded to and included in the Final EIR. The public comment period for the EIR closes on February 16, 2018. The Planning Commission will be reviewing the Draft EIR and taking additional public comment at the Planning Commission meeting of February 14, 2018. 4.0 PROJECT INFORMATION 4.1 Site Information/Setting The project site is composed of six parcels; five are zoned Office with a Historic Overlay (O-H) and one is zoned Medium Density Residential (R-3) (see Figure 1). The parcels currently contain a public parking lot and five residential structures and a detached garage. The project site is bounded by Palm Street to the north, Monterey Street to the south, and Nipomo Street to the west. The proposed site is adjacent to residential units to the east, the Children’s Museum, the future Monterey Place Project and the Historic Leitcher house to the south, Mission Prep School to the north and Reis Family Mortuary to the west. CHC2 - 2 EID-0349-2017 (609 Palm Street) January 22, 2018 Page 3 Table 1: Site Information Site Size ~60,329 s.f. (1.38 acres) Present Use & Development Developed with a parking lot and 5 residential units Topography Sloping Access Palm Street, Nipomo Street and Monterey Street Surrounding Use/Zoning North: R-3 (Medium Density Residential – Mission Prep School) East: O-H (Office with Historic Overlay – Reis Family Mortuary) South: P-F-H and C-D-H (Public Facility with a Historic Overlay and Downtown Commercial with a Historic and Sensitive Site Overlay – Children’s Museum, Leitcher Building, and future site of Monterey Place) West: R-3 & O-H (Medium Density Residential and Office with Historic Overlay –Residential units) 4.2 Project Description The project includes a General Plan Amendment, Use Permit, and related actions that would allow for the development of the Palm Nipomo Parking Structure. A summary of significant project features includes the following: 1.Construct a five-level above-ground parking structure that includes: a.400 to 445 parking spaces; b.5,000 square feet of commercial space on two levels fronting Nipomo Street; and c.Maximum height of approximately 50 feet. 2.Construct a new three-story, 23,841 square foot building for the San Luis Obispo Repertory Theatre (along the Monterey Street frontage) that includes: a.Basement level - a rehearsal area, workshop, and storage; b.Main level would be comprised of a main theater with 155 seats and a smaller theater with 100 reconfigurable seats (a total of 255 seats); c.Second floor would include offices and a conference room. d.An entry plaza fronting Monterey Street and improved landscaping near the sidewalks along Palm Street, Nipomo Street, and Monterey Street; and e.A maximum height of approximately 43 feet. 3.Removal of the existing 77 space surface parking lot and demolition or relocation of the existing five residential structures and detached garage. 4.Perimeter public improvements including sidewalk enhancements, intersection improvements and landscaping. 5.0 POLICY BACKGROUND/GENERAL PLAN GUIDANCE 5.1 Conservation / Open Space Element The Conservation and Open Space Element of the General Plan addresses historic resources within the City. New development is evaluated for consistency with the following adopted goals and policies relating to historic resources: CHC2 - 3 EID-0349-2017 (609 Palm Street) January 22, 2018 Page 4 Goal 3.2. Historic and Architectural Resources. The City will expand community understanding, appreciation, and support for historic and architectural resource preservation to ensure long-term protection of cultural resources. Policy 3.3.1. Historic Preservation. Significant historic and architectural resources should be identified, preserved, and rehabilitated. Policy 3.3.2. Demolitions. Historically or architecturally significant buildings shall not be demolished or substantially changed in outward appearance, unless doing so is necessary to remove a threat to health and safety and other means to eliminate or reduce the threat to acceptable levels are infeasible. Policy 3.3.3. Historical Documentation. Buildings and other cultural features that are not Figure 1: Proposed site layout of the parking structure with the Little Theatre and office/commercial space. CHC2 - 4 EID-0349-2017 (609 Palm Street) January 22, 2018 Page 5 historically significant but which have historical or architectural value should be preserved or relocated where feasible. Where preservation or relocation is not feasible, the resources shall be documented and the information retained in a secure but publicly accessible location. An acknowledgement of the resources should be incorporated within the site through historic signage and the reuse or display of historic material and artifacts. Goal 3.4. Historic and Architectural Resources. The City will expand community understanding, appreciation, and support for archaeological resource preservation. Policy 3.6.3. Construction within Historic Districts. The Cultural Heritage Committee and Architectural Review Commission will provide specific guidance on the construction of new buildings within historic districts. 5.2 Land Use Element The Land Use Element of the General Plan addresses Downtown development as well as Cultural Facilities within the City. New development is evaluated for consistency with the following adopted policies relating to parking, historic resources, and cultural resources: Downtown Policy 4.14. Parking. The City shall ensure there is a diversity of parking opportunities in the Downtown. Any major increments in parking supply should take the form of structures, located at the edges of the commercial core, so people can walk rather than drive between points within the core. Retail uses outside the core, and professional office developments, may have on-site parking for customers and clients. Public & Cultural Facilities 5.2.1. Cooperation. The City shall cooperate with other agencies and with community groups to help provide facilities which meet broad community cultural needs. 5.2.2. Mission Plaza Area. The City shall promote the area around the Mission Plaza for cultural facilities. 5.2.3. Community Arts Support. The City shall continue to support community arts programs through a variety of means, such as loans, grants, and help in obtaining sites. 5.3 Downtown Concept Plan In 2017 the City updated the Downtown Concept Plan in order to provide a road map for future public projects and guidance for private development in the downtown and surrounding areas. The following are Planning Principles and Goals related to accessibility and preservation of history within the Downtown. 5. Universal Accessibility: Promote a downtown that is safe, inclusive, and easy to navigate for those using all modes of transportation. 5.1 Locate parking structures strategically on the periphery of downtown within easy walking CHC2 - 5 EID-0349-2017 (609 Palm Street) January 22, 2018 Page 6 distance to major activity areas 6. Art, Culture, and History: Encourage artistic and cultural opportunities and celebrate the downtown’s unique history. 6.1 Encourage rehabilitation and adaptive reuse of historic structures. 6.0 HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND SIGNIFICANCE The project site is partially located within the Downtown Historic District, which was designated in 1987, and is therefore considered a historical resource under CEQA. Two contributing historic structures are located on the site and two Master List Historic properties are located adjacent to the site of the proposed parking structure (Table 2). Figure 2: Location of the project site (outlined in dashed red line) and location of potentially impacted structures 610 and 614 Monterey 991 Nipomo 638-642 Monterey CHC2 - 6 EID-0349-2017 (609 Palm Street) January 22, 2018 Page 7 Table 2: Designated Historic Buildings Address Historic Designation Relation to Project Site 610 Monterey Street Contributing property Within 614 Monterey Street Contributing property Within 638-642 Monterey Street (Hays-Lattimer Adobe) Master List of Historic Resources Adjacent - East of the site along Monterey Street 991 Nipomo Street (Harmony Creamery) Master List of Historic Resources Adjacent - Northwest corner of Palm and Nipomo The single-story vernacular residence with a detached garage at 610 Monterey Street, located on the project site, is a contributing property built in 1937 by Klien Williams. Although the 2011 Cultural Resources Study recommended it as ineligible for the CRHR and local listing, it is currently listed as a contributor to the Downtown Historic District. The single-story, mission-influenced vernacular residence at 614 Monterey Street, located on the project site, was built by Louis R. Heyd in 1935 and is also is a contributing property to the Downtown Historic District. The 2011 Cultural Resources Study identified this property as being eligible for local listing on the City’s Master List because of its rarity and its representation of the vernacular renewal of adobe architecture prior to World War II. Figure 3: Structure at 610 Monterey Street CHC2 - 7 EID-0349-2017 (609 Palm Street) January 22, 2018 Page 8 The Hays-Lattimer adobe is a Master List property located immediately adjacent to the east of the project site at 638-642 Monterey Street. Constructed in 1860, the property contains a weatherboarded single-story adobe residence. Figure 4: Structure located at 614 Monterey Street. Figure 5: Hays-Lattimer Adobe located at 638-642 Monterey Street. CHC2 - 8 EID-0349-2017 (609 Palm Street) January 22, 2018 Page 9 The two-story Harmony Creamery at 991 Nipomo Street (Reis Family Mortuary), located adjacent to the project site, is another Master List property. Built in 1930 by the Harmony Valley Creamer Association, it is Spanish Colonial Revival in style. 7.0 EVALUATION AND DISCUSSION 7.1 Cultural Resource Impacts The Draft EIR Cultural Resources Evaluation concluded the project would result in Class 1, Significant and Unavoidable Impacts to Historic Resources. The project would demolish the structures located at 610 and 614 Monterey Street which are Contributing Historic resources. The scale and massing of the parking structure would adversely affect the integrity of this portion of the Downtown Historic District by interrupting the transition from the Dana Street grouping of historic resources from the remainder of the district to the east. The transition from commercial to residential uses was found in the Cultural Resources evaluation to be a character defining feature of the district since the Dana Street group is a small subsection of residential properties in the otherwise commercial Downtown Historic District that is representative of early residential settlement of downtown San Luis Obispo and contributes to the significance of the district. Although the setting of the district in the area of the Hays -Lattimer Adobe and the Harmony creamery would be altered, the evaluation found that each of these resources would be able to continue to convey the reasons for their significance and that impacts would be less than significant. 7.2.1 Required Mitigation Measures As described in the Draft EIR, the following mitigation measures would reduce the proposed project impacts on historical resources to the maximum extent practicable. As such, the project would contribute to the cumulative loss of historic resources in the City. Therefore, the project Figure 6: Harmony Creamery located at 991 Nipomo Street. CHC2 - 9 EID-0349-2017 (609 Palm Street) January 22, 2018 Page 10 would also result in a Class I, significant and unavoidable, cumulative impact to historical resources. CR-1 Historic Building Documentation Packages Impacts to historical resources shall be minimized through the preparation of archival historic building documentation packages for both 610 and 614 Monterey Street. Prior to issuance of demolition permits, the City of San Luis Obispo shall ensure that documentation of both properties is completed in the form of a Historic American Building Survey (HABS)-Like documentation that shall comply with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Architectural and Engineering Documentation (NPS 1990). The documentation shall generally follow the HABS Level III requirements and include high-quality digital photographic recordation of the buildings and their overall setting, detailed historic narrative report, and compilation of historic research. The documentation shall be completed by a qualified architectural historian or historian who meets the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards for History and/or Architectural History (NPS 1983). Individual archival documentation packages shall be completed both properties and offered as donated material to the San Luis Obispo Library and the History Center of San Luis Obispo County, where it would be available to local researchers. 7.3 Archaeological Resources The project site is currently developed with an asphalt parking lot and residential structures. During archaeological testing conducted in 1996 and 1999, subsurface historical archaeological materials were identified in the 0.5-acre surface parking lot at the corner of Palm and Nipomo streets within the project site. During the survey conducted for the project in 2011, historic-period debris was observed in the small amount of exposed native soils along Monterey Street. Additionally, similar work in the project vicinity has shown that subsurface archaeological deposits exist throughout the city. Approximately 0.125 mile (660 feet) from the project site, trenches uncovered a mission-era midden containing a significant Native American deposit and it is unclear whether that deposit extends to the project site. Based on the results of work within the project site and the vicinity, it is likely that additional artifacts related to the mission and post-mission occupation of the area are present. Additional intact subsurface deposits may be present. Therefore, construction of the project could damage or destroy archeological resources. Impacts to such resources would be potentially significant and mitigation would be required to ensure that any discovered archaeological resources would be protected and curated if encountered during project construction activities. 7.3.1 Required Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures would reduce potential impacts to archaeological resources to a less than significant level. CR-2(a) Retain a Qualified Principal Investigator A qualified principal investigator, defined as an archaeologist who meets the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for professional archaeology (hereafter qualified archaeologist), shall be retained to carry out all mitigation measures related to archaeological resources. CR-2(b) City of San Luis Obispo Consolidated Approach for Archaeological Investigations Mitigation of archaeological resources within the project area shall follow the Consolidated CHC2 - 10 EID-0349-2017 (609 Palm Street) January 22, 2018 Page 11 Approach as outlined in the City of San Luis Obispo Archaeological Resource Preservation Program Guidelines. The Consolidated Approach shall include (1) the preparation of a Research Design and Mitigation Plan prepared by the qualified archaeologist and submitted for written approval to the City’s Community Development Director (Director), which shall include but not be limited to the research design, laboratory and field methods, public interpretation, and location of curation; (2) monitoring of demolition and clearing of pavement within the project area; (3) fieldwork after the removal of pavement consisting of a Phase I inventory, Phase 2 Testing and Evaluation, and Phase 3 Data Recovery aimed at locating archaeological remains, evaluating their significance and integrity, and mitigating impacts through data recovery excavation; (4) the completion of special studies, such as faunal analysis, if appropriate, and the curation of recovered artifacts; and (5) the completion of a technical report documenting the results of the consolidated approach prepared in accordance with current professional standards and submitted to the Director. CR-2(c) Archaeological Monitoring An archaeological monitor shall be present for all project-related ground-disturbing construction activities. The monitor(s) shall be onsite on a full-time basis during earthmoving activities within native soils, including grading, trenching, vegetation removal, or other excavation activities. Under consultation between the qualified archaeologist and the City, monitoring may be reduced or eliminated based on observed conditions. CR-2(d) Unanticipated Discovery of Archaeological Resources In the event that cultural resources are encountered during the implementation of Mitigation Measures CR-2(b) or CR-2(c), all work shall be halted in the vicinity of the discovery until a qualified archaeologist can assess the significance of the resource. If the resources are found to be significant, they must be avoided or mitigated pursuant to the qualified archaeologist’s direction and the testing plan outlined under Mitigation Measure CR-2(b). Mitigation may involve preservation in place or documentation and excavation of the resource. A report by the archaeologist evaluating the find and identifying mitigation actions taken shall be submitted to the City. 8.0 DRAFT EIR ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS The Draft EIR presents an analysis of four alternatives (Draft EIR Section 7.0) to the proposed project. Alternative 4 proposes the construction of the five-level parking structure and 5,000 square feet of commercial space, consistent with the proposed project; however, this alternative would not include construction of the theater or plaza fronting Monterey Street. This alternative assumes the historic residences along Monterey Street (610 and 614) would remain intact and at their existing location; however, much of the backyards at these properties would be developed with the parking and commercial uses. The complete alternatives analysis can be found on the City website at: http://www.slocity.org/government/department-directory/community-development/documents- online/environmental-review-documents/-folder-1903. Overall, the alternatives analysis found the historic preservation Alternative 4 would reduce impacts associated with cultural (historic) resources. Alternative 4 would meet most of the project objectives by CHC2 - 11 EID-0349-2017 (609 Palm Street) January 22, 2018 Page 12 providing a minimum of 400 parking spaces, providing a direct pedestrian connection from the structure to Monterey Street, preserving the large oak tree onsite, and considering the contextual sensitivity of surrounding properties (i.e., Hays-Lattimer adobe). However, it would not meet the objective of providing the cultural (theater) use. Alternative 4 would eliminate direct and indirect significant impacts to historical resources because the two contributing structures to the Downtown Historic District and the linkage between properties in the district they provide would remain in place. However, aesthetic (visual character) and construction noise impacts would remain significant and unavoidable. Alternative 4 was also evaluated as the environmentally superior alternative. 9.0 ATTACHMENTS 1.Palm Nipomo Parking Structure Draft EIR Section 4.2, Cultural and Tribal Cultural Resources 2.Cultural Resources Survey and Evaluation, Applied Earthworks, June 2011 CHC2 - 12 Environmental Impact Analysis Cultural and Tribal Cultural Resources Draft Environmental Impact Report 57 4.2 Cultural and Tribal Cultural Resources This section analyzes potential impacts to cultural and tribal resources as a result of the proposed project. The analysis is based on the 2011 Cultural Resources Study prepared by Applied Earthworks (Appendix C). Setting 4.2.1 a. Environmental Setting Prehistoric Setting The project site is located in what is described generally as the Central Coast archaeological region, one of eight organizational divisions of California (Jones and Klar 2007, Moratto 1984). The Central Coast archaeological region extends from Monterey Bay to Morro Bay, and includes the County of San Luis Obispo. The prehistoric cultural chronology for the Central Coast is generally divided into six periods: Paleoindian (ca. 10,000–6,000 B.C.), Millingstone (6,000–3,000 B.C.), Early and Early-Middle Transition (3,000–600 B.C.), Middle (600 B.C. - A.D. 1000), Middle-Late Transition (A.D. 1000–A.D. 1250), and Late (A.D. 1250–historic contact [ca. A.D. 1769]) (Jones and Klar 2007). Several chronological sequences have been devised to understand cultural changes along the Central Coast from the Millingstone Period to contact. Jones (1993) and Jones and Waugh (1995) presented a Central Coast sequence that integrates data from archaeological studies conducted since the 1980s. Three periods, including the Early, Middle, and Late periods, are presented in their prehistoric sequence subsequent to the Millingstone Period. More recently, Jones and Ferneau (2002) updated the sequence following the Millingstone Period as follows: Early, Early-Middle Transition, Middle, Middle-Late Transition, and Late periods. The archaeology of the Central Coast subsequent to the Millingstone Period is distinct from that of the Bay Area to the north and Central Valley to the east. The region has more in common with the Santa Barbara Channel area during the Middle and Middle-Late Transition periods, but few similarities during the Late period (Jones and Ferneau 2002). Historic Setting Post-European contact history for California is divided generally into three periods: the Spanish Period (1769–1822), the Mexican Period (1822–1848), and the American Period (1848–present). The Spanish Period brought the establishment of the California mission system, while the Mexican Period is largely known for the division of the land of California into private land holdings. Following the Mexican-American war, the United States purchased California from Mexico; population of the state subsequently increased, particularly during the Gold Rush. Following the arrival of the first Europeans, Padre Junipero Serra founded Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa in 1772. The population of native people at the mission declined rapidly. In 1803, there was a peak of 919 Native Americans residing at the mission, but by 1838 the population had declined to 170. In 1822, California became a Mexican Territory, and the mission lands gradually became private ranchos through Mexican land grants. In 1846, the Bear Flag Rebellion resulted in California’s independence from Mexico, and control of the territory soon fell into the hands of the United States. ATTACHMENT 1 CHC2 - 13 City of San Luis Obispo Palm Nipomo Parking Structure Project 58 The City of San Luis Obispo was incorporated in 1876 (Angel 1883). The city’s early development is closely associated with Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa, the Coast Line Stage which carried U.S. mail for Wells Fargo and Company through San Luis Obispo to points north and south of the City, and the pacific railway which made San Luis Obispo the commercial center of the region and provided access for passenger steamer service (Kocher 1972; Tognazzini 1993; Cooper 1875; Angel 1883). The completion of the mainline Southern Pacific rail line allowed travel and shipment of goods with greater opportunities for selling and buying commodities. The establishment of California Polytechnic State University in 1903 as a vocational school on 281 acres was also a significant draw for the city. Later development was driven by the completion of U.S. Highway 101 as San Luis Obispo was a prime location for travelers to rest on the long trip from San Francisco to Los Angeles and the establishment of the nearby military base at Camp San Luis Obispo (City of San Luis Obispo 1983; Krieger 1988; Palmer et al. 2001). Beginning in 1945, following the end of World War II, San Luis Obispo experienced a period of modernization in the second half of the twentieth century, mainly due to returning soldiers. The influx of new commerce required new development, with older buildings demolished to make way for more modern structures and parking lots. Many of the older buildings demolished were residential homes. City landmarks and many remaining adobes were lost during this period. Growth required an influx of parking to accommodate downtown customers. Many city surface parking lots were established in the downtown, including the one on the current project. Project Site Historic Context Properties lining Monterey and Higuera streets between Nipomo and Santa Rosa streets were rapidly developed in the 1860s for both commercial and residential purposes. The Harris and Ward Map established Block 9, bounded by Palm, Broad, Monterey, and Nipomo streets, divided into six lots. The project site encompasses Lots 1 and 2 whose owners were identified as: Lot 1, illegible and Lot 2, Roberto Villa. Roberto Villa presented a Petition for Grant for Lot 2 in 1870. He had settled on the land in 1855 and his property and a solitary structure appear on an 1859 petition for land that also depicts a fence on Lot 1 (at the corner of Palm and Nipomo Streets). By 1874, the project site had been divided into three lots (Applied EarthWorks 2011). During the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the project area experienced little change while Monterey Street, to the east, continued to develop with commercial and residential infill. Within the project area, dwellings at 610, 614, and 630 Monterey Street exhibited small additions to the rears of the buildings. The 1886, 1888, and 1891 Sanborn Maps show three residences within the project area, including an outhouse at the rear of the adobe on Lot 3. James Moore operated a dyeing and cleaning business in a shed at 614 Monterey Street. Three small ancillary buildings and one a shed were present at 610 Monterey Street. All of the buildings are no longer present on the project site. Shortly after the turn of the twentieth century, the city began improving streets by grading roads and filling in low places with gravel, and new development followed these improvements. Within the project area, a house was constructed in Lot 1 along with an outhouse or shed. During this same time, James Moore moved his dyeing and cleaning business from 614 Monterey Street to 610 Monterey Street. By the 1930s, the structures at 610 and 614 Monterey Street were demolished and new residences were constructed in their place in 1937 and 1933, respectively. By 1957, the house on Lot 1 was moved to the south of the lot and a welding shop was constructed in its place. New surface parking lots established in the 1960s and 1970s frequently replaced older buildings and historic uses of the properties. Within the project site, two dwellings and the welding shop were demolished to make room for the parking lot that exists today. ATTACHMENT 1 CHC2 - 14 Environmental Impact Analysis Cultural and Tribal Cultural Resources Draft Environmental Impact Report 59 Documented Cultural Resources This section is based on the results of the 2011 Cultural Resources Study (Appendix C) and 2017 updated records search, of which the methods are further described in section 4.2.2(a) below. Archaeological Resources The results of the records searches identify the presence of one archaeological site within the project site (CA-SLO-2341H) and two archaeological sites adjacent to the project site (CA-SLO- 1890/H and CA-SLO-2206H). Resource CA-SLO-2341H was identified in 2003 during a citywide water line installation project and consists of a series of historic archaeological features. The nearest component of CA-SLO-2341H to the current project site was a black powder flask (1790-1860) located at the intersection of Palm and Nipomo streets adjacent to the current project site. Resources CA-SLO-1890/H and CA-SLO-2206H both consist of historic refuse deposits. Resource CA- SLO-1890/H also includes a historic house and the remnants of an adobe structure. The site record also suggests that the archaeological site contains a prehistoric component, but no discussion is given for such remains and the site is described as containing “virtually no pre-1880 refuse.” The results of the records search further identified studies conducted by Bertrando and Bertrando within the project area that consisted of archaeological testing within the project area in 1997 and in 1999. The testing conducted in 1997 identified historical material in the upper 12 inches of soil. The testing conducted in 1999 identified the remains of the rock foundation of a house constructed circa 1905 and additional historic artifacts including glass, ceramics, nails, shell, and ceramic roof tiles all thought to be associated with the house and with a welding shop (1926–1996) that was located on the property. As part of the 2011 Cultural Resources Study, Applied Earthworks staff also conducted a pedestrian survey of the project site for archaeological and architectural resources. The project area has very little exposed ground surface, though narrow strips of exposed soil are present along the Monterey Street boundary of the project site which contained historic-period debris, including glass, ceramic fragments, ferrous metal items, and shell. The study concluded that it is likely that subsurface cultural remains are intact. Built Environment Resources The project site is partially located within the Downtown Historic District, which was locally designated in 1987, and is therefore considered a historical resource under CEQA. Figure 3 shows the boundaries of the Downtown Historic District relative to the project site. The Downtown Historic District extends east from U.S. Highway 101 and Dana Street to just beyond Osos Street, and runs north from Marsh Street to Palm Street. It contains many of the city’s most important historic buildings, and while they are primarily commercial, there is also a small subsection of residential properties largely concentrated west of Broad Street, in the project area. The buildings on the north side of Monterey Street create a historic streetscape that connects the area west of Mission Plaza to the westernmost section of the Downtown Historic District on Dana Street. In this area, the historic district transitions from commercial to residential, which is a physical characteristic of the district that helps conveys the reasons for its significance. The City maintains a Master List of Historic Resources, which identifies buildings that are considered historically significant on their own merits, and a List of Contributing Historic Resources, which identifies structures that contribute to the significance of designated historic districts, although they ATTACHMENT 1 CHC2 - 15 City of San Luis Obispo Palm Nipomo Parking Structure Project 60 may not be individually significant. In general, buildings within the district display a variety of architectural styles but are primarily one to two stories in height and 50 to 75 feet in width. Two Master List properties and two contributing properties lie within or adjacent to the current project area (Table 5). The single-story vernacular residence with a detached garage at 610 Monterey Street, located on the project site, is a contributing property built in 1937 by Klien Williams. Although the 2011 Cultural Resources Study recommended it as ineligible for the CRHR and local listing, it is currently listed as a contributor to the Downtown Historic District and is thus considered a historical resource for the purposes of CEQA. The single-story, mission-influenced vernacular residence at 614 Monterey Street, located on the project site, was built by Louis R. Heyd in 1935 and is also is a contributing property to the Downtown Historic District. The 2011 Cultural Resources Study identified this property as being eligible for local listing on the City’s Master List because of its rarity and its representation of the vernacular renewal of adobe architecture prior to World War II. The property is therefore considered a historical resource for the purposes of CEQA. The Hays-Lattimer adobe is a Master List property located immediately adjacent to the east of the project site at 638-642 Monterey Street. Constructed in 1860, the property contains a weather- boarded single-story adobe residence. The two-story Harmony Creamery at 991 Nipomo Street, also located adjacent to the project site, is another Master List property. Built in 1930 by the Harmony Valley Creamer Association, it is Spanish Colonial Revival in style. The residential buildings on the project site located at 633 and 633 ½ Palm Street are located just outside the City’s Downtown Historic District. They were each recommended ineligible for listing on the CRHR and local listing, and were not found to qualify as contributing resources to the Downtown Historic District; neither is considered a historical resource under CEQA as a result. Table 5 Designated Historic Buildings Within and Adjacent to the Project Site Address Local Designation Location Relative to Project Site 610 Monterey Street Contributing property to Downtown Historic District Within 614 Monterey Street Contributing property to Downtown Historic District Within 638-342 Monterey Street (Hays-Lattimer Adobe) On Master List of Historic Resources, Downtown Historic District Adjacent 991 Nipomo Street (Harmony Creamery) On Master List of Historic Resources, Downtown Historic District Adjacent Paleontological Setting The project site lies between the San Lucia Mountains and the San Luis Mountains in the Coast Ranges geomorphic province. The Coast Ranges are northwest-trending mountain ranges and valleys that run along the Pacific coast from Santa Barbara to the Oregon border (Norris and Webb, 1990). The Coast Ranges record a thick sequence of sedimentary strata dating back to the Mesozoic Franciscan Melange (~251 million years ago), with granitic and metamorphic rocks of the Salinian block present in the southern Coast Ranges, where the project is located (Norris and Webb 1990). ATTACHMENT 1 CHC2 - 16 Environmental Impact Analysis Cultural and Tribal Cultural Resources Draft Environmental Impact Report 61 The Franciscan Melange records deposition of volcanic and clastic sediments into a subduction zone during the Mesozoic era, followed by subsequent metamorphism (Wakabayashi 1992). The Franciscan Melange is known to contain a wide range of fossils, including radiolarians, mollusks, diatoms, foraminifers, and marine vertebrates (Schlocker 1974; Elder 2015; Hilton 2003). A search of the University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP) online collection records shows that fossils of all of these organisms have been recovered from Franciscan rocks in and around San Luis Obispo County (UCMP 2017). The most impressive of these fossils is a large marine reptile, Plesiosaur hesternus, recovered from Oakley Ranch (Hilton 2003). More recently, the Pleistocene history of the region (2.6 million–10,000 years ago) is marked by glacially controlled sea level fluctuations and tectonic uplift during which the shoreline advanced and retreated as much as 30 miles across the continental shelf (Hall 2007). Sea level advance cut a system of marine terraces, 12 of which are exposed in the Point San Luis area eight to nine miles southwest of the city. These terraces range in age from 83,000 to 49,000 years, and reach elevations of 79 feet above modern sea level. The formations that compose these terraces are the most paleontologically productive in the region (City of San Luis Obispo 2014). Jefferson et al. (1992) reported three vertebrate localities along the coast within nine miles of San Luis Obispo. These localities occur in Pleistocene fluvial deposits overlying marine terraces, and include assemblages of the Rancholabrean mammals Equus sp. and E. occidentalis (horse); Camelops sp. and C. hesternus (camel); Bison antiquus and B. latifrons (bison), and Mammut americanum (mammoth). Other localities in San Luis Obispo County are noted as well (UCMP 2017). b. Regulatory Setting The primary applicable federal and state laws and regulations protecting cultural resources are the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, CEQA, and California Public Resources Code (Cal. Public Res. Code) §§5024.1 and 21084.1. These and other federal, state, and local laws and regulations and ordinances that pertain to cultural resources are described below. Federal The project does not involve federal funding or permitting, and as a result, does not have a federal nexus. Therefore, compliance with reference to the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) of 1966 and other federal laws is provided here for informational purposes only. National Historic Preservation Act [16 United States Code (U.S.C.) Section 470 et seq.] The NHPA establishes the federal government policy on historic preservation and the programs, including the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP), through which this policy is implemented. Under the NHPA, significant cultural resources, referred to as “historic properties,” include any prehistoric or historic district, site, building, structure, or object included in, or determined eligible for inclusion in, the NRHP. Historic properties also include resources determined to be National Historic Landmarks. National Historic Landmarks are nationally significant historic places designated by the Secretary of the Interior because they possess exceptional value or quality in illustrating or interpreting United States heritage. A property is considered historically significant if it meets one of the NRHP criteria and retains sufficient historic integrity to convey its significance. This act also established the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, an independent federal agency that administers Section 106 of the NHPA by developing procedures to protect cultural resources ATTACHMENT 1 CHC2 - 17 City of San Luis Obispo Palm Nipomo Parking Structure Project 62 included in, or eligible for inclusion in, the NRHP. Regulations are published in 36 Code of Federal Regulations (C.F.R.) Parts 60, 63, and 800. Archaeological Resources Protection Act (ARPA) [16 U.S.C. 470] This statute was enacted to secure, for the present and future benefit of the American people, the protection of archaeological resources and sites which are on public lands and Indian lands. It was also enacted to foster increased cooperation and exchange of information between governmental authorities, the professional archaeological community, and private individuals (Sec. 2(4)(b)). State California Environmental Quality Act, Public Resources Code §21083.2 and California Code of Regulations (CCR), Title 14, §15064.5 CEQA requires a lead agency to consider the effects of a project on historical resources (Cal. Public Res. Code §21084.1). The CEQA Guidelines §15064.5(b) provides specific guidance for determining the significance of impacts on historical resources and unique archaeological resources (CEQA Guidelines §15064.5(b) and Cal. Public Res. Code §21083.2). Under CEQA, these resources are called “historical resources” whether they are of historic or prehistoric age. Public Resources Code §21084.1 defines historical resources as those listed, or eligible for listing, in the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR), or those listed in the historical register of a local jurisdiction (county or city) unless the preponderance of the evidence demonstrates that the resource is not historically or culturally significant. NRHP-listed “historic properties” located in California are considered historical resources for the purposes of CEQA and are also listed in the CRHR. The CRHR criteria for listing such resources are based on, and are very similar to, the NRHP criteria. Cal. Public Res. Code §21083.2 and CEQA Guidelines §15064.5(c) provide further definitions and guidance for archaeological sites and their treatment. Different legal rules apply to the two different categories of cultural resources, though the two categories sometimes overlap where a “unique archaeological resource” also qualifies as a “historical resource.” In such an instance, the more stringent rules for the protection of archaeological resources that are historical resources apply. CEQA Guidelines §15064.5 also prescribes a process and procedures for addressing the existence of, or probable likelihood, of Native American human remains, as well as the unexpected discovery of any human remains during implementation of a project. This includes consultations with appropriate Native American tribes. The CEQA Guidelines define procedures, types of activities, persons, and public agencies required to comply with CEQA. CEQA Guidelines §15064.5(b) prescribes that project effects that would “cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an historical resource” are significant effects on the environment. Substantial adverse changes include physical changes to both the historical resource and its immediate surroundings. Section 15126.4(a)(1) states that an EIR shall describe feasible measures which could minimize significant adverse impacts. Section 15126.5(b) describes mitigation measures related to impacts on historical resources. CEQA also requires that public agencies and private interests identify the potential environmental consequences of their proposed projects on any object or site considered to be a historical resource ATTACHMENT 1 CHC2 - 18 Environmental Impact Analysis Cultural and Tribal Cultural Resources Draft Environmental Impact Report 63 of California, including paleontological resources (Cal. Public Res. Code §21084.1, CCR Title 14, §15064.5). California Register of Historical Resources (Cal. Public Res. Code §5024.1 and 14 CCR §4850) Cal. Public Res. Code §5024.1 establishes the CRHR, which lists all California properties considered to be significant historical resources. The CRHR also includes all properties listed or determined eligible for listing in the NRHP, including properties evaluated and determined eligible under §106. The criteria for listing on the CRHR, criteria 1–4, are similar to those of the NRHP: [Resources that are] associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the 1. broad patterns of California’s history and cultural heritage [Resources that are] associated with the lives of persons important in our past2. [Resources that] embody the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of3. construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic value [Resources that have] yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or4. history The CRHR regulations govern the nomination of resources to the CRHR (14 CCR §4850). The regulations set forth the criteria for eligibility as well as guidelines for assessing historical integrity and resources that have special considerations. California Public Resources Code Cal. Public Res. Code also protects paleontological resources in specific contexts. In particular, Cal. Public Res. Code §5097.5 prohibits “knowing and willful” excavation, removal, destruction, injury, and defacement of any paleontological feature on public lands without express authorization from the agency with jurisdiction. Violation of this prohibition is a misdemeanor and is subject to fine and/or imprisonment (Cal. Public Res. Code § 5097.5(c)), and persons convicted of such a violation may also be required to provide restitution (Cal. Public Res. Code § 5097.5(d)(1)). Additionally, Cal. Public Res. Code §30244 requires “reasonable mitigation measures” to address impacts on paleontological resources identified by the State Historic Preservation Officer. Section 5097.5 of the Cal. Public Res. Code states: “No person shall knowingly and willfully excavate upon, or remove, destroy, injure or deface any historic or prehistoric ruins, burial grounds, archaeological or vertebrate paleontological site, including fossilized footprints, inscriptions made by human agency, or any other archaeological, paleontological or historical feature, situated on public lands, except with the express permission of the public agency having jurisdiction over such lands. Violation of this section is a misdemeanor.” As used in this Cal. Public Res. Code section, “public lands” means lands owned by, or under the jurisdiction of, the state or any city, county, district, authority, or public corporation, or any agency thereof. Consequently, local agencies are required to comply with Cal. Public Res. Code §5097.5 for their own activities, including construction and maintenance, as well as for permit actions (e.g., encroachment permits) undertaken by others. ATTACHMENT 1 CHC2 - 19 City of San Luis Obispo Palm Nipomo Parking Structure Project 64 Codes Governing Human Remains Section 15064.5 of the CEQA Guidelines also assigns special importance to human remains and specifies procedures to be used when Native American remains are discovered. The disposition of human remains is governed by Health and Safety Code §7050.5 and Cal. Public Res. Code §§5097.94 and 5097.98, and falls within the jurisdiction of the NAHC. If human remains are discovered, the County Coroner must be notified within 48 hours and there should be no further disturbance to the site where the remains were found. If the remains are determined by the coroner to be Native American, the coroner is responsible for contacting the NAHC within 24 hours. The NAHC, pursuant to Cal. Public Res. Code §5097.98, will immediately notify those persons it believes to be most likely descended from the deceased Native Americans so they can inspect the burial site and make recommendations for treatment or disposal. California Tribal Cultural Resources and Consultation (Assembly Bill 52, Chapter 532) Assembly Bill (AB) 52 became law on January 1, 2015. It establishes a formal consultation process for California Indian tribes as part of CEQA and equates significant impacts on tribal cultural resources with significant environmental impacts. Several new Public Resources Codes have been written to codify the law’s requirements. Cal. Public Res. Code §21074 defines a California Native American Tribe as a tribe located in California that is on the contact list maintained by the Native American Heritage Commission. It also defines what types of resources are to be considered tribal cultural resources. Cal. Public Res. Code §21080.3.1 describes formal tribal consultation requirements; Cal. Public Res. Code §21080.3.2 provides that if the California tribe requests consultation to include project alternatives and mitigation measures, such consultation would be required; Cal. Public Res. Code §21082.3 provides that any mitigation measures agreed upon during consultation shall be recommended for inclusion in the environmental document and affirms the lead agency’s obligation to keep confidential any information obtained from a Native American tribe during the consultation process; and Cal. Public Res. Code §21083.4 provides examples of mitigation for impacts to Tribal Cultural Resources. Senate Bill 18 (Chapter 905, Statutes of 2004) Senate Bill (SB) 18 requires cities and counties to consult with Native American tribes to help protect traditional tribal cultural places through the land use planning process for general plan adoption or amendments and to specific plan adoption or amendments. Local San Luis Obispo Zoning Regulations, Chapter 17.54 Establishes the Historical Preservation Overlay Zone (H) and describes its purposes and application, allowed uses and property development standards. Historic Preservation Ordinance, San Luis Obispo Municipal Code 14.1 The City Municipal Code contains specific requirements for the demolition and relocation of structures listed in the inventory of historic resources. These requirements are stated in Municipal Code §§14.01.100 and 14.01.110. ATTACHMENT 1 CHC2 - 20 Environmental Impact Analysis Cultural and Tribal Cultural Resources Draft Environmental Impact Report 65 The City Municipal Code states that the Cultural Heritage Committee (CHC) shall review and make recommendations to the City Council regarding demolition applications for structures listed in the inventory of historic resources. An application for demolition of a listed historic resource shall be approved only if the proposed demolition is found consistent with the general plan, and 1) the historic resource is a hazard to public health of safety, and repair or stabilization is not structurally feasible; or 2) denial of the application will constitute an economic hardship as described in §14.01.100(J)(1-3) of the municipal code. Additional procedures regarding the timing of the demolition, documentation and acknowledgment of the historic resource are also delineated. Likewise, the relocation of a structure listed on the inventory of historical resources is subject to review by the CHC and Architectural Review Commission (ARC). Relocation shall be permitted only when relocation is consistent with the goals and policies of the general plan, any applicable area or specific plans, and the Historic Preservation Program Guidelines, as well as additional criteria defined in Municipal Code §14.01.110(B)(1-6). The timing, plan, procedures, and documentation are also delineated. City of San Luis Obispo Municipal Code Demolition and Moving of Buildings Appendix Chapter 2, Chapter 201, of the San Luis Obispo Municipal Code, establishes procedures and requirements for the relocation or demolition of historic buildings. City of San Luis Obispo Historic Preservation Program Guidelines The guidelines establish procedures for the treatment of historic resources, including construction in historic districts and on properties with historic resources. They also include a discussion of the city’s existing historic districts and provide a summary of their significance and character-defining features. City of San Luis Obispo Archaeological Resource Preservation Program Guidelines The guidelines establish procedures to be used for the identification, evaluation, and preservation of archaeological and other cultural resources. Cultural resources refer to the artifacts, human remains, and sites containing evidence of past human activities, including prehistoric Native American archaeological sites, historic archaeological sites, sites or natural landscapes associated with important human events, and Native American sacred places and cultural landscapes. City of San Luis Obispo Community Design Guidelines The guidelines establish site and architectural design standards for development projects, including projects involving historic resources and historic districts, and demolitions. City of San Luis Obispo General Plan Conservation and Open Space Element. The Conservation and Open Space Element of the General Plan establishes citywide policies and programs regarding identification and treatment of cultural resources. The following policies apply to this project: Policy 3.3.1 Historic Preservation. Significant historic and architectural resources should be identified, preserved, and rehabilitated. Policy 3.3.2 Demolitions. Historically or architecturally significant buildings shall not be demolished or substantially changed in outward appearance, unless doing so is necessary to ATTACHMENT 1 CHC2 - 21 City of San Luis Obispo Palm Nipomo Parking Structure Project 66 remove a threat to health and safety and other means to eliminate or reduce the threat to acceptable levels are infeasible. Policy 3.3.3 Historical Documentation. Buildings and other cultural features that are not historically significant but which have historical or architectural value should be preserved or relocated where feasible. Where preservation or relocation is not feasible, the resources shall be documented and the information retained in a secure but publicly accessible location. An acknowledgement of the resources should be incorporated within the site through historic signage and the reuse or display of historic material and artifacts. Policy 3.5.1. Archaeological Resource Protection. The City shall provide for the protection of both known and potential archaeological resources. To avoid significant damage to important archaeological sites, all available measures, including purchase of the property in fee or easement, shall be explored at the time of a development proposal. Where such measures are not feasible and development would adversely affect identified archaeological or paleontological resources, mitigation shall be required pursuant to the Archaeological Resource Preservation Program Guidelines. Policy 3.5.2. Native American Sites. All Native American cultural and archaeological sites shall be protected as open space wherever possible. Policy 3.5.4 Archaeological Sensitive Areas. Development within an archaeologically sensitive area shall require a preliminary site survey by a qualified archaeologist knowledgeable in Native American cultures, prior to a determination of the potential environmental impacts of the project. Policy 3.5.5 Archaeological Resources Present. Where a preliminary site survey finds substantial archaeological resources, before permitting construction, the City shall require a mitigation plan to protect the resources. Possible mitigation measures include: presence of a qualified professional during initial grading or trenching; project redesign; covering with a layer of fill; excavation removal and curation in an appropriate facility under the direction of a qualified professional. Policy 3.5.6 Qualified Archaeologist Present. Where substantial archaeological resources are discovered during construction or grading activities, all such activities in the immediate area of the find shall cease until a qualified archaeologist knowledgeable in Native American cultures can determine the significance of the resource and recommend alternative mitigation measures. Policy 3.5.7 Native American Participation. Native American participation shall be included in the City’s Guidelines for resource assessment and impact mitigation. Native American representatives should be present during archaeological excavation and during construction in an area likely to contain cultural resources. The Native American community shall be consulted as knowledge of cultural resources expands and as the City considered updates or significant changes to its General Plan. Policy 3.6.3 Construction within Historic Districts. The Cultural Heritage Committee and Architectural Review Commission will provide specific guidance on the construction of new buildings within historic districts. ATTACHMENT 1 CHC2 - 22 Environmental Impact Analysis Cultural and Tribal Cultural Resources Draft Environmental Impact Report 67 Impact Analysis 4.2.2 a. Methodology and Significance Thresholds Methodology Cultural Resources Methodology Direct impacts are assessed by identifying known cultural resources in the project study area, determining if any archaeological sites or historic structures are located within the project area, assessing the significance of the resources that may be affected, and determining the appropriate mitigation. Removal, demolition, or alteration of historical resources can permanently impact the historic fabric of an archaeological site, structure, or historic district. As previously mentioned, in 2011 Applied Earthworks prepared a Cultural Resources Study of the project site and vicinity (Appendix C). The study involved a records search at the Central Coast Information Center of the California Historical Resources Information System at the University of California Santa Barbara, archival and historical research, field survey of the property, predictive modeling of archaeological resources, evaluation of any potentially significant historic structures on the property, and assessment of potential impacts to the surrounding Downtown Historic District. The records search was conducted to identify previous cultural resources evaluations and previously recorded cultural resources on the project site as well as within a 200-foot radius of the project site. The archival research focused on the review of primary and secondary source materials related to the history and development of the project site and vicinity. Sources examined during the records and archival search included maps pinpointing cultural resources locations, survey coverage maps, site record and report files, city directories, Great Registers, historical maps, and newspapers. The State Historic Property Data Files, National Register of Historic Places, National Register of Determined Eligible Properties, California Points of Historic Interest, California Office of Historic Preservation Archaeological Determinations of Eligibility, and the California Department of Transportation State and Local Bridge Surveys were also analyzed. The results of the records search further identified studies conducted by Bertrando and Bertrando within the project site that consisted of archaeological testing in 1997 and 1999. In 2017, Rincon Consultants conducted an updated records search to expand the radius to 0.25-mile and to identify any cultural resources recorded since 2011. Archaeological sites and historic structures located within the project area are described in Section 4.2.1, Setting. Native American Consultation The City conducted Native American consultation consistent with Senate Bill 18 and Assembly Bill 52 for the project to identify potential concerns or issues associated with Native American cultural resources near the project. Rincon contacted the NAHC to determine if any sites recorded in the NAHC’s Sacred Lands File occur in or near the project site. The NAHC responded on May 1, 2017 that the search of the sacred land files for the USGS quadrangle in which the project is located “provided negative results” (citation). The NAHC did provide a list of Native American tribes with traditional lands or cultural places in the project area that may have knowledge of cultural resources at the project site. The Native American scoping did not identify any specific resources important to the consulted groups in or near the project site. However, Patti Dunton of the Salinan Tribe of Monterey ATTACHMENT 1 CHC2 - 23 City of San Luis Obispo Palm Nipomo Parking Structure Project 68 and San Luis Obispo Counties noted that the project site is sensitive for cultural resources and requested an archaeological survey of the project area before and after the asphalt is removed. She asked that if resources are identified that all further ground-disturbing areas be monitored by a cultural resources specialist from the Salinan Tribe. Native American correspondence can be found in Appendix C. Paleontological Resources Methodology Rincon Consultants paleontologists evaluated the paleontological sensitivity of the geologic units present on the project site based on a review of existing information in the primary literature on known fossils within those geologic units, review of previous geotechnical studies of the project site, and consultation of the online database maintained by the University of California Museum of Paleontology (UCMP) for fossil localities in San Luis Obispo County recorded from geologic units present in the project site. Rincon Consultants’ paleontologists assigned paleontological sensitivity to each geologic unit within the project site. The potential for impacts to significant paleontological resources is based on the potential for ground disturbance to directly impact paleontologically sensitive geologic units. Paleontological sensitivity is defined by the Society of Vertebrate Paleontology (SVP). The SVP broadly defines significant paleontological resources as follows (SVP 2010:11): “Fossils and fossiliferous deposits consisting of identifiable vertebrate fossils, large or small, uncommon invertebrate, plant, and trace fossils, and other data that provide taphonomic, taxonomic, phylogenetic, paleoecologic, stratigraphic, and/or biochronologic information. Paleontological resources are considered to be older than recorded human history and/or older than middle Holocene (i.e., older than about 5,000 radiocarbon years).” Significant paleontological resources are determined to be fossils or assemblages of fossils that are unique, unusual, rare, diagnostically important, or are common but have the potential to provide valuable scientific information for evaluating evolutionary patterns and processes, or which could improve our understanding of paleochronology, paleoecology, paleophylogeography, or depositional histories. New or unique specimens can provide new insights into evolutionary history; however, additional specimens of even well represented lineages can be equally important for studying evolutionary pattern and process, evolutionary rates, and paleophylogeography. Even unidentifiable material can provide useful data for dating geologic units if radiocarbon dating is possible. As such, common fossils (especially vertebrates) may be scientifically important, and therefore considered highly significant. The SVP (2010) describes sedimentary rock units as having high, low, undetermined, or no potential for containing significant nonrenewable paleontological resources. This criterion is based on rock units within which vertebrate or significant invertebrate fossils have been determined by previous studies to be present or likely to be present. While these standards were specifically written to protect vertebrate paleontological resources, all fields of paleontology have adopted these guidelines: I. HIGH POTENTIAL (SENSITIVITY) Rock units from which significant vertebrate or significant invertebrate fossils or significant suites of plant fossils have been recovered are considered to have a high potential for containing significant non-renewable fossiliferous resources. These units include but are not limited to, sedimentary formations and some volcanic formations which contain significant nonrenewable paleontological ATTACHMENT 1 CHC2 - 24 Environmental Impact Analysis Cultural and Tribal Cultural Resources Draft Environmental Impact Report 69 resources anywhere within their geographical extent, and sedimentary rock units temporally or lithologically suitable for the preservation of fossils. Sensitivity comprises both (a) the potential for yielding abundant or significant vertebrate fossils or for yielding a few significant fossils, large or small, vertebrate, invertebrate, or botanical and (b) the importance of recovered evidence for new and significant taxonomic, phylogenetic, ecologic, or stratigraphic data. Areas which contain potentially datable organic remains older than Recent, including deposits associated with nests or middens, and areas which may contain new vertebrate deposits, traces, or trackways are also classified as significant. II.LOW POTENTIAL (SENSITIVITY) Sedimentary rock units that are potentially fossiliferous, but have not yielded fossils in the past or contain common and/or widespread invertebrate fossils of well documented and understood taphonomic, phylogenetic species and habitat ecology. Reports in the paleontological literature or field surveys by a qualified vertebrate paleontologist may allow determination that some areas or units have low potentials for yielding significant fossils prior to the start of construction. Generally, these units will be poorly represented by specimens in institutional collections and will not require protection or salvage operations. However, as excavation for construction gets underway it is possible that significant and unanticipated paleontological resources might be encountered and require a change of classification from Low to High Potential and, thus, require monitoring and mitigation if the resources are found to be significant. III.UNDETERMINED POTENTIAL (SENSITIVITY) Specific areas underlain by sedimentary rock units for which little information is available are considered to have undetermined fossiliferous potentials. Field surveys by a qualified vertebrate paleontologist to specifically determine the potentials of the rock units are required before programs of impact mitigation for such areas may be developed. IV.NO POTENTIAL Rock units of metamorphic or igneous origin are commonly classified as having no potential for containing significant paleontological resources. The loss of significant paleontological resources that meet the criteria outlined above would be considered a significant impact under CEQA, and the CEQA lead agency is responsible for ensuring that paleontological resources are protected in compliance with CEQA and other applicable statutes. Significance Thresholds If a project may cause a substantial adverse change in the characteristics of a resource that convey its significance or justify its eligibility for inclusion in the CRHR or a local register, either through demolition, destruction, relocation, alteration, or other means, then the project is judged to have a significant effect on the environment (CEQA Guidelines, §15064.5[b]). The following thresholds are based on Appendix G of the CEQA Guidelines. Impacts would be significant if the project would: Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a historical resource 1. Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of an archaeological resource2. Directly or indirectly destroy a unique paleontological resource or site or unique geologic3. feature Disturb any human remains, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries4. ATTACHMENT 1 CHC2 - 25 City of San Luis Obispo Palm Nipomo Parking Structure Project 70 Cause a substantial adverse change in the significance of a tribal cultural resource, defined in 5. Public Resources Code §21074 as either a site, feature, place, cultural landscape that is geographically defined in terms of the size and scope of the landscape, sacred place, or object with cultural value to a California Native American tribe, and that is: A. Listed or eligible for listing in the California Register of Historical Resources, or in a local register of historical resources as defined in Public Resources Code §5020.1(k) B. A resource determined by the lead agency, in its discretion and supported by substantial evidence, to be significant pursuant to criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resources Code §5024.1. In applying the criteria set forth in subdivision (c) of Public Resource Code §5024.1, the lead agency shall consider the significance of the resource to a California Native American tribe b. Project Impacts Impact N-4 CONSTRUCTION OF THE PROJECT WOULD RESULT IN THE DEMOLITION OF TWO STRUCTURES ON THE PROJECT SITE THAT ARE HISTORIC RESOURCES, AND ADVERSELY AFFECT THE DOWNTOWN HISTORIC DISTRICT. THIS WOULD CAUSE A SUBSTANTIAL ADVERSE CHANGE IN THE SIGNIFICANCE OF HISTORICAL RESOURCES AS DEFINED IN CEQA GUIDELINES §15064.5. THIS IMPACT WOULD BE CLASS I, SIGNIFICANT AND UNAVOIDABLE. The CEQA guidelines define direct impacts as direct or primary effects caused by a project at the same place, and indirect impacts as affects caused by a project but occur at a different place. The project proposes a number of actions, each of which will result in impacts to historical resources. Table 6 summarizes each of the proposed project actions and the resulting type and level of impact that would result to historical resources. Table 6 Impacts to Historical Resources Project Action Type of Impact Level of Impact Demolition of 633 and 633½ Palm Street1 Direct Less than significant Demolition of 610 Monterey Street Direct Significant Demolition of 614 Monterey Street Direct Significant New Construction Indirect/Direct Significant/Less than significant 1 As discussed above, based on the 2011 Cultural Resources Study, these structures were found to not meet the definition of historical resources under CEQA. Demolition of 633 and 633 ½ Palm Street The project would result in the demolition of the buildings at 633 and 633 ½ Palm Street. Although demolition of these buildings would be a direct impact, as discussed above, neither is considered a historical resource as defined by CEQA. Both buildings were evaluated in 2011 and found to not meet the definition of historical resources under CEQA and they are located outside the boundaries of the Downtown Historic District. Thus, their demolition would not diminish the integrity of the Downtown Historic District and would not constitute a significant impact on historical resources. Demolition of 610 Monterey Street The project would result in the demolition of the structure at 610 Monterey Street. As a contributing resource to the Downtown Historic District, this property is a historical resource as defined by CEQA. Demolition of this property is potentially inconsistent with Policies 3.3.1 and 3.3.2 ATTACHMENT 1 CHC2 - 26 Environmental Impact Analysis Cultural and Tribal Cultural Resources Draft Environmental Impact Report 71 of the City’s Conservation and Open Space Element of the General Plan, and would be considered a significant adverse impact under CEQA. Demolition of 614 Monterey Street The project would result in the demolition of the structure at 614 Monterey Street. As both a contributing resource to the Downtown Historic District and a property that was found individually eligible for local designation in 2011, this property is a historical resource as defined by CEQA. Demolition of this property is potentially inconsistent with Policies 3.3.1 and 3.3.2 of the City’s Conservation and Open Space Element of the General Plan, and would be considered a significant adverse impact under CEQA. New Construction The project has the potential to result in direct and indirect impacts to historical resources, specifically the Downtown Historic District, the adjacent locally-designated Hays-Lattimer Adobe located at 638-642 Monterey Street, and the locally-designated Harmony Creamery at 991 Nipomo Street. In consideration of these potential impacts this analysis follows the guidance of the City of San Luis Obispo’s Historic Preservation Program Guidelines, which states “construction in historic districts and on properties that contain listed historic resources shall conform with the goals and policies of the General Plan, the Historic Preservation Ordinance, these Guidelines, the Community Design Guidelines, any applicable specific or area plan, and the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties (City of San Luis Obispo 2010:6). The City of San Luis Obispo’s Historic Preservation Program Guidelines state “new structures in historic districts shall be designed to be architecturally compatible with the district’s prevailing historic character as measured by their consistency with the scale, massing, rhythm, signature architectural elements, exterior materials, siting, and street yard setbacks of the districts historic structures” (City of San Luis Obispo 2010:7). Further guidance is provided in the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties, which is recognized by CEQA as mitigating potential adverse impacts caused by a project to below the level of significance. According to the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards, new construction in or near historic properties, including districts, should be differentiated but compatible; attention should be devoted to ensuring that the new construction is complementary to the historic property but does not create a false sense of history by imitating or replicating a historic building or property. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards include setting, in terms of the character of the surrounding environment, as a character-defining feature that weighs in the analysis of a resource’s retention of historic integrity. The proposed project would adversely affect the Downtown Historic District by inserting a new visual feature that is inconsistent with the height, scale, and massing of the resources that characterize the historic district. As described in the setting above, these resources within the district are primarily one to two stories in height and 50 to 75 feet in width. Although the commercial space and non-profit theater would be 41 to 43 feet high, the maximum height of the project would be 50 feet. The project would also have an approximately 200 x 200 square foot floor area. This is substantially taller and wider than the other adjacent historic resources, and would interrupt the rhythm and overall setting of the district. The parking structure and commercial space would be designed in a Spanish Colonial architectural style that is compatible with the surrounding historic properties; however, the theater would be Modernistic in style. The project would be visible from the contributing properties along Dana Street, adjacent Hays-Lattimer adobe, and Harmony ATTACHMENT 1 CHC2 - 27 City of San Luis Obispo Palm Nipomo Parking Structure Project 72 Creamery, and the visual impacts of the project may reach as far as the Dr. George B. Nichols House at 664 Monterey Street, the Carnegie Library at 696 Monterey Street, and the San Luis Obispo de Tolosa Mission, all Master List Properties. Since the designation of the Downtown Historic District in 1987, Nipomo Street between Higuera and Palm streets has sustained several other changes to historic character. Three buildings were removed (one relocated outside of the district) for the creation of the existing parking area at Palm and Nipomo street in 1997. The new Children’s Museum at the corner of Nipomo and Monterey streets is modern in appearance and inconsistent with the architecture of the surrounding properties. The new Soda Water Works building was also constructed with a modern appearance. Both of these properties are inside the Downtown Historic District boundaries but are no longer contributing resources. The project would further result in direct impacts to the Downtown Historic District by removing two contributing structures and introducing new, nonconforming structures. This would physically and visually disconnect the contributing historic resources on Dana Street 5 from the remainder of the district to the east, resulting in a loss of integrity of the historic district. The proposed project would also interrupt the transition from commercial to residential that occurs in this area of the historic district, which is a physical characteristic of the district that helps conveys the reasons for its significance. As a result, the proposed project would result in a significant adverse impact to the Downtown Historic District. As described above, the Hays-Lattimer adobe is located immediately adjacent to the east of the project site and is a historical resource for the purposes of CEQA. Project construction activities would generate groundborne vibration that has the potential to result in damage to the historic adobe building. The Federal Transit Administration (FTA) thresholds for damage to fragile historic buildings, state that vibration impacts would be significant if vibration exceeds 88 VdB. As discussed in Section 4.3, Noise, the project would not generate vibration levels higher than 87 VdB at a distance of 25 feet. The adobe structure is approximately 60 feet from where construction of the nearest structure would occur. Direct impacts to the Hays-Lattimer adobe from groundborne vibration would therefore be less than significant. As noted above, the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards include setting, in terms of the character of the surrounding environment, as a character-defining feature that weighs in the analysis of a resource’s retention of historic integrity. The setting of the Hays-Lattimer and Harmony Creamery is consistent with the larger Downtown Historic District and is characterized by one to two-story buildings that are approximately 50 to 75 feet wide. Although the commercial building along Nipomo Street and the theater along Monterey Street would be lower (approximately 41 to 43 feet tall) than the parking structure, the proposed project as a whole is substantially larger in its scale, massing, and height and would alter the surrounding setting of both historical resources. Although this change would negatively affect their historic integrity, both would continue to convey the reasons for their significance. Indirect impacts to the Hays-Lattimer adobe and Harmony Creamery would therefore be less than significant. Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measure is required. 5 The Dana Street group is a small subsection of residential properties within the otherwise commercial Downtown Historic District, which is representative of the early residential settlement of downtown San Luis Obispo and contributes to the significance of the district. ATTACHMENT 1 CHC2 - 28 Environmental Impact Analysis Cultural and Tribal Cultural Resources Draft Environmental Impact Report 73 CR-1 Historic Building Documentation Packages Impacts to historical resources shall be minimized through the preparation of archival historic building documentation packages for both 610 and 614 Monterey Street. Prior to issuance of demolition permits, the City of San Luis Obispo shall ensure that documentation of both properties is completed in the form of a Historic American Building Survey (HABS)-Like documentation that shall comply with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Architectural and Engineering Documentation (NPS 1990). The documentation shall generally follow the HABS Level III requirements and include high-quality digital photographic recordation of the buildings and their overall setting, detailed historic narrative report, and compilation of historic research. The documentation shall be completed by a qualified architectural historian or historian who meets the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualification Standards for History and/or Architectural History (NPS 1983). Individual archival documentation packages shall be completed both properties and offered as donated material to the San Luis Obispo Library and the History Center of San Luis Obispo County, where it would be available to local researchers. PLAN REQUIREMENTS AND TIMING The City shall complete archival documentation of the 610 and 614 Monterey Street properties to the issuance of project grading permits. MONITORING The Community Development Director shall confirm completion of and approve the archival documentation. The City shall confirm submittal of the documentation to the History Center of San Luis Obispo County and the San Luis Obispo County Library. Significance After Mitigation Mitigation Measure CR-1 would reduce impacts to historical resources to the greatest extent possible; however, this measure would not eliminate the permanent impacts to the identified historic resources, and no other feasible mitigation measures are available. Therefore, the project would result in a significant and unavoidable impact to historic resources. Impact N-5 CONSTRUCTION OF THE PROJECT WOULD RESULT IN GROUND DISTURBANCE THAT COULD CAUSE A SUBSTANTIAL ADVERSE CHANGE IN THE SIGNIFICANCE OF AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCE AS DEFINED IN CEQA GUIDELINES 15064. THIS IMPACT WOULD BE CLASS II, SIGNIFICANT BUT MITIGATABLE. The project site is currently developed with an asphalt parking lot and residential structures. During archaeological testing conducted in 1996 and 1999, subsurface historical archaeological materials were identified in the 0.5-acre surface parking lot at the corner of Palm and Nipomo streets within the project site. During the survey conducted for the project in 2011, historic-period debris was observed in the small amount of exposed native soils along Monterey Street. Additionally, similar work in the project vicinity has shown that subsurface archaeological deposits exist throughout the city. Approximately 0.125 mile (660 feet) from the project site, trenches uncovered a mission-era midden containing a significant Native American deposit and it is unclear whether that deposit extends to the project site. Based on the results of work within the project site and the vicinity, it is likely that additional remains related to the mission and post-mission occupation of the area are present. Additional intact subsurface deposits may be present. Therefore, construction of the project could damage or destroy archeological resources. Impacts to such resources would be potentially significant and mitigation would be required to ensure that any discovered ATTACHMENT 1 CHC2 - 29 City of San Luis Obispo Palm Nipomo Parking Structure Project 74 archaeological resources would be protected and curated if encountered during project construction activities. Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures would reduce potential impacts to archaeological resources to a less than significant level. CR-2(a) Retain a Qualified Principal Investigator A qualified principal investigator, defined as an archaeologist who meets the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for professional archaeology (hereafter qualified archaeologist), shall be retained to carry out all mitigation measures related to archaeological resources. CR-2(b) City of San Luis Obispo Consolidated Approach for Archaeological Investigations Mitigation of archaeological resources within the project area shall follow the Consolidated Approach as outlined in the City of San Luis Obispo Archaeological Resource Preservation Program Guidelines. The Consolidated Approach shall include (1) the preparation of a Research Design and Mitigation Plan prepared by the qualified archaeologist and submitted for written approval to the City’s Community Development Director (Director), which shall include but not be limited to the research design, laboratory and field methods, public interpretation, and location of curation; (2) monitoring of demolition and clearing of pavement within the project area; (3) fieldwork after the removal of pavement consisting of a Phase I inventory, Phase 2 Testing and Evaluation, and Phase 3 Data Recovery aimed at locating archaeological remains, evaluating their significance and integrity, and mitigating impacts through data recovery excavation; (4) the completion of special studies, such as faunal analysis, if appropriate, and the curation of recovered artifacts; and (5) the completion of a technical report documenting the results of the consolidated approach prepared in accordance with current professional standards and submitted to the Director. CR-2(c) Archaeological Monitoring An archaeological monitor shall be present for all project-related ground-disturbing construction activities. The monitor(s) shall be onsite on a full-time basis during earthmoving activities within native soils, including grading, trenching, vegetation removal, or other excavation activities. Under consultation between the qualified archaeologist and the City, monitoring may be reduced or eliminated based on observed conditions. CR-2(d) Unanticipated Discovery of Archaeological Resources In the event that cultural resources are encountered during the implementation of Mitigation Measures CR-2(b) or CR-2(c), all work shall be halted in the vicinity of the discovery until a qualified archaeologist can assess the significance of the resource. If the resources are found to be significant, they must be avoided or mitigated pursuant to the qualified archaeologist’s direction and the testing plan outlined under Mitigation Measure CR-2(b). Mitigation may involve preservation in place or documentation and excavation of the resource. A report by the archaeologist evaluating the find and identifying mitigation actions taken shall be submitted to the City. ATTACHMENT 1 CHC2 - 30 Environmental Impact Analysis Cultural and Tribal Cultural Resources Draft Environmental Impact Report 75 PLAN REQUIREMENTS AND TIMING The City shall retain a qualified archaeologist prior to the issuance of demolition and grading permits. The qualified archaeologist shall prepare and submit the Research Design and Testing and Mitigation Plan prior to the issuance of demolition and grading permits. All fieldwork conducted under the consolidated approach must be completed prior to the issuance of grading permits. The requirement that ground disturbance be observed by an archaeological monitor and that construction work be stopped in the event of discovery of archaeological resources shall be included on construction plans prior to the issuance of grading permits. MONITORING The City shall review construction plans and periodically inspect project construction to ensure compliance with this measure. Significance After Mitigation Impacts to archaeological resources would be less than significant with incorporation of mitigation measures CR-2(a) through CR-2(d). Impact N-6 CONSTRUCTION OF THE PROJECT WOULD RESULT IN GROUND DISTURBANCE THAT COULD INDIRECTLY OR DIRECTLY DESTROY A UNIQUE PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCE. THIS IMPACT WOULD BE CLASS II, SIGNIFICANT BUT MITIGABLE. According to mapping by Dibblee and Minch (2004), the project site consists of younger Quaternary alluvium that dates to the Holocene. These sediments consist of gravel and sand deposited over the last 10,000 years by local rivers (Dibblee and Minch, 2004). Geotechnical studies have supported this mapping, and further detailed depths of 25-44 feet to bedrock, the Mesozoic Franciscan Melange, throughout the project site (Earth Systems Pacific 2011). Furthermore, Earth Systems Pacific (2011) documented some parts of the project site where artificial fill was present in the subsurface to depths of 3 and 5 feet. It should be noted that fill was only documented in two of the eight boreholes across the site, and was not present in the others (Earth Systems Pacific 2011). Using these data, as well as the paleontological literature review presented above, Rincon Consultants’ paleontologists assigned SVP paleontological sensitivities to geologic units likely to be impacted by construction in the project site. It should be noted that while the Franciscan Melange has high sensitivity, it is deep enough (20 to 44 feet) that it should not be impacted by the anticipated depths of ground disturbance (14 feet). Artificial Fill As a product of manmade activities, artificial fill has no paleontological sensitivity. Quaternary Alluvium As discussed above, Pleistocene-aged alluvial sediments have preserved fossil resources throughout California, including San Luis Obispo County. While the Quaternary alluvium mapped in the project area is too young to preserve fossils in the upper layers, it increases with age in depth. Therefore, deeper levels may be of an appropriate age to preserve fossil resources. Quaternary alluvium is thus assigned a low-to-high paleontological sensitivity, increasing with depth. While the exact depth at which this transition occurs has not been established for the project area, 10 feet is a reasonable estimate. ATTACHMENT 1 CHC2 - 31 City of San Luis Obispo Palm Nipomo Parking Structure Project 76 Because project construction has the potential to disturb sensitive geologic units, impacts would be potentially significant. Mitigation Measures The following mitigation measures would reduce potential impacts to paleontological resources to a less than significant level. CR-3(a) Retain a Qualified Project Paleontologist A qualified project paleontologist, defined as a paleontologist who meets the standards of the SVP (2010), shall be retained to carry out all mitigation measures related to paleontological resources. CR-3(b) Paleontological Worker Environmental Awareness Program (WEAP) Prior to the start of construction, the project paleontologist or his or her designee shall conduct training for construction personnel regarding the appearance of fossils and the procedures for notifying paleontological staff should fossils be discovered by construction staff. The WEAP shall be fulfilled at the time of a preconstruction meeting at which a qualified paleontologist shall attend. CR-3(c) Paleontological Monitoring Ground-disturbing construction activities (including grading, trenching, foundation work, and other excavations) in previously undisturbed sediments that exceed 10 feet in depth shall be monitored on a full-time basis during initial ground disturbance. Monitoring shall be conducted by a qualified paleontological monitor, who is defined as an individual who has experience with collection and salvage of paleontological resources and meets the minimum standards of the SVP (2010). The duration and timing of the monitoring will be determined by the project paleontologist and the location and extent of proposed ground disturbance. If the project paleontologist determines that full-time monitoring is no longer warranted, based on the specific geologic conditions at the surface or at depth, the project paleontologist may recommend that monitoring be reduced to periodic spot-checking or cease entirely. Monitoring is not necessary in artificial fill or for activities that do not reach 10 feet in depth. CR-3(d) Fossil Discoveries In the event of a fossil discovery by the paleontological monitor or construction personnel, all work in the immediate vicinity of the find shall cease. The project paleontologist shall evaluate the find before restarting construction activity in the area. If it is determined that the fossil(s) is (are) scientifically significant, the project paleontologist shall complete the following conditions to mitigate impacts to significant fossil resources: 1)Salvage of Fossils. The project paleontologist (or paleontological monitor) should recover significant fossils following standard field procedures for collecting paleontological resources, as described by the SVP (2010). Typically, fossils can be safely salvaged quickly by a single paleontologist and not disrupt construction activity. In some cases larger fossils (such as complete skeletons or large mammal fossils) require more extensive excavation and longer salvage periods. In this case the paleontologist should have the authority to temporarily direct, divert, or halt construction activity to ensure that the fossil(s) can be removed in a safe and timely manner.\ ATTACHMENT 1 CHC2 - 32 Environmental Impact Analysis Cultural and Tribal Cultural Resources Draft Environmental Impact Report 77 2)Preparation and Curation of Recovered Fossils. Once salvaged, significant fossils should be identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level, prepared to a curation-ready condition, and curated in a scientific institution with a permanent paleontological collection (such as the University of California Museum of Paleontology), along with all pertinent field notes, photos, data, and maps. Fossils of undetermined significance at the time of collection may also warrant curation at the discretion of the project paleontologist. Significance After Mitigation Mitigation Measures CR-3(a) through CR-3(d) would reduce the potential impacts to paleontological resources to a less than significant level. Impact N-7 NO TRIBAL CULTURAL RESOURCES WERE IDENTIFIED WITHIN THE PROJECT SITE, BUT AREA IS GENERALLY CONSIDERED SENSITIVE FOR CULTURAL RESOURCES. THIS IMPACT WOULD BE CLASS III, LESS THAN SIGNIFICANT. Native American consultation efforts completed by the City pursuant to the requirements AB 52 and SB 18. The efforts under SB 18 and AB 52 did not identify specific tribal cultural resources within the project area; however, it did identify the project site as sensitive, consistent with the results of the Cultural Resources Study. As a result of the general cultural resources sensitivity of the area, Patti Dunton of the Salinan Tribe of Monterey and San Luis Obispo Counties requested that fieldwork be conducted at the project area after the removal of pavement and that project-related ground disturbance be observed by a Salinan tribal monitor. As no tribal cultural resources were identified or known to exist in the project area, the project would result in a less than significant impact on tribal cultural resources. Mitigation Measures No mitigation measures are required. Significance After Mitigation No mitigation measures are required. Impacts are less than significant. Impact N-8 GROUND-DISTURBING ACTIVITIES ASSOCIATED WITH CONSTRUCTION OF THE PROJECT HAS THE POTENTIAL TO DISTURB UNIDENTIFIED HUMAN REMAINS. THIS IMPACT WOULD BE CLASS II, SIGNIFICANT BUT MITIGABLE. Unanticipated discovery of human remains during project excavation would require compliance with Health and Safety Code §7050.5 and Cal. Public Res. Code Sections 5097.94 and 5097.98. Cal. Public Res. Code §5097.98 also addresses the disposition of Native American burials, protects such remains, and established the Native American Heritage Commission to resolve any related disputes. Compliance with Health and Safety Code §7050.5 and Cal. Public Res. Code §§ 5097.94 and 5097.98 would ensure that unanticipated discovery of human remains during project excavation, including those interred outside of formal cemeteries, would be addressed appropriately by the County Coroner and NAHC (if required). Mitigation Measures Compliance with existing regulations and mitigation measure CR-2(d) would ensure that potential impacts to human remains and burial grounds would be less than significant. ATTACHMENT 1 CHC2 - 33 City of San Luis Obispo Palm Nipomo Parking Structure Project 78 Significance After Mitigation Impacts to human burial grounds would be less than significant with implementation of mitigation measure CR-2(d). c. Cumulative Impacts Planned buildout of the City of San Luis Obispo under the General Plan would cumulatively increase the potential for adverse effects on cultural and tribal cultural resources in the city. The project would incrementally contribute to this cumulative effect. Impacts to cultural and tribal cultural resources are generally site-specific. Accordingly, as required under applicable laws and regulations, potential impacts associated with cumulative developments would be addressed on a case-by-case basis. The proposed project, as well as other cumulative projects in the city, would be required to comply with existing state and local regulations described in Section 4.2.1(b), Regulatory Setting, which address the protection of cultural and tribal cultural resources in the city. As described under Impacts CR-2, CR-3, and CR-5, with implementation of required mitigation, the project would reduce potential impacts to archaeological and/or paleontological resources to less than significant levels. In addition, as described in Impact CR-4, the project would result in a less than significant impact on tribal cultural resources. Therefore, the project would not contribute substantially to the cumulative loss of archaeological, paleontological, or tribal cultural resources in the city. However, as described in Impact CR-1, the project would result in a significant and unavoidable impact associated with the removal of two historic structures that are part of the Downtown Historic District. The project would also result in a significant and unavoidable impact on the Downtown Historic District. Mitigation measure CR-1 would reduce the project’s impacts to historical resources to the greatest extent possible; however, this measure would not eliminate the permanent cumulative or individual impacts to the identified historic resources, and no other feasible mitigation measures are available. As such, the project would contribute to the cumulative loss of historic resources in the city. This would be a Class I, significant and unavoidable, cumulative impact to historical resources. ATTACHMENT 1 CHC2 - 34 USGS San Luis Obispo 7.5 quad 1.5 acres Keywords: Mission San Luis Obispo; 610 Monterey Street; 614 Monterey Street (Heyd Property) Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure, San Luis Obispo, California Barry A. Price, Keith Warren, Aubrie Morlet, and Damon M. Haydu Prepared By Applied EarthWorks, Inc. 743 Pacific Avenue, Suite A San Luis Obispo, California 93401 Submitted To City of San Luis Obispo Department of Public Works 955 Morro Street San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 June 2011 draft ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 35 ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 36 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure iii CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...................................................1 2 CULTURAL CONTEXT ..................................................................................................5 2.1 PREHISTORIC CONTEXT....................................................................................5 2.2 ETHNOGRAPHIC CONTEXT...............................................................................6 2.3 GENERAL HISTORIC CONTEXT: BRIEF HISTORY OF SAN LUIS OBISPO ................................................................................................6 2.3.1 Spanish Incursion—The Mission Era (1772–1850) ....................................6 2.3.2 Early Settlement (1850–1875).....................................................................8 2.3.3 Growth of Industry and Commerce (1875–1900)........................................9 2.3.4 Population Growth and Modernization (1900–1945)..................................9 2.3.5 Downtown Growth (1945–present)...........................................................10 3 METHODS .......................................................................................................................11 3.1 ARCHIVAL RESEARCH.....................................................................................11 3.2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES SURVEY..................................................11 3.3 ARCHITECTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY.....................................................11 4 FINDINGS ........................................................................................................................13 4.1 RECORDS SEARCH............................................................................................13 4.2 SITE-SPECIFIC CONTEXT.................................................................................14 4.3 ADOBE CONSTRUCTION IN SAN LUIS OBISPO ..........................................16 4.4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES SURVEY..................................................19 4.5 ARCHITECTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY.....................................................20 4.5.1 633 and 633½ Palm Street.........................................................................20 4.5.2 610 Monterey Street...................................................................................22 4.5.3 614 Monterey Street (Heyd Property)........................................................23 4.5.4 Downtown Historic District.......................................................................24 4.6 RESOURCE EVALUATIONS .............................................................................25 4.6.1 Archaeological Resources..........................................................................25 4.6.2 Architectural Resources.............................................................................25 4.6.3 California Register of Historical Resources Criteria.................................25 4.6.4 City of San Luis Obispo Historic Preservation Ordinance........................26 4.6.5 Individual Property Evaluations ................................................................29 4.6.5.1 633 and 633½ Palm Street..........................................................29 4.6.5.2 610 Monterey Street....................................................................29 4.6.5.3 614 Monterey Street (Heyd Property).........................................30 5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS ..........................................31 5.1 PARKING STRUCTURE PROJECT ...................................................................31 5.1.1 Archaeological Resources..........................................................................31 5.1.2 Architectural Resources.............................................................................31 ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 37 5.1.2.1 633 and 633½ Palm Street..........................................................31 5.1.2.2 610 Monterey Street....................................................................32 5.1.2.3 614 Monterey Street (Heyd Property).........................................32 5.1.2.4 Downtown Historic District........................................................33 5.2 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT SCENARIO ............................................................34 5.2.1 Archaeological Resources..........................................................................34 5.2.2 Architectural Resources.............................................................................35 5.2.2.1 610 Monterey Street....................................................................35 5.2.2.2 614 Monterey Street (Heyd Property).........................................35 5.2.2.3 Downtown Historic District........................................................35 6 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................37 APPENDICES A Personnel Qualifications B Records Search Results C Cultural Resource Records FIGURES 1-1 Study location in downtown San Luis Obispo, California ..................................................2 1-2 Detail of building location at the corner of Palm and Nipomo streets................................3 2-1 Drawing of Mission San Luis Obispo (1793)......................................................................7 4-1 Sketch map provided with the Petition to Grant for Block 9, Lot 2 filed on July 19, 1870................................................................................................................15 4-2 Old Overland Stage Company Adobe located at Dana and Nipomo; this building was demolished for construction of the Harmony Valley Creamery buildings by 1930........................................................................................17 4-3 Monterey Street with mission church, French Hotel, and Fulton Market in the 1870s......................................................................................................................18 4-4 Mission church and convento wing after the American-influenced alterations in the 1880s................................................................................................18 4-5 Restored Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa...................................................................19 4-6 Project area shown on the 1950 Sanborn map, which is an update from the 1926 Sanborn map .......................................................................................................20 4-7 Residence at 633 Palm Street.............................................................................................21 4-8 Residence at 633½ Palm Street..........................................................................................21 4-9 Residence at 610 Monterey Street.....................................................................................22 4-10 Adobe residence at 614 Monterey Street...........................................................................23 TABLES 4-1 Designated Historic Buildings Within and Adjacent to the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure Project Site......................................................................................24 ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 38 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure 1 1 INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION The City of San Luis Obispo (City) plans to build a new multilevel parking garage in the downtown area between Palm and Monterey streets at Nipomo Street. The proposed five-level structure will encompass approximately 1.1 acres at the site of an existing City-owned surface parking lot. The new structure’s height, excluding elevator towers, is envisioned to be 33 feet from Monterey Street, 36 feet from Nipomo Street, and 44 feet from Palm Street; the site would be excavated to a maximum depth of 185 feet. Vehicle entry would be provided from either Palm or Nipomo Street; no vehicle access would be provided to Monterey Street, although walkways would connect to that corridor. The City’s goals for the new parking structure are to: • Provide a minimum of 400 parking spaces; •Accommodate cultural and/or residential uses on Monterey Street in front of the structure; •Include a public use area at the corner of Nipomo and Monterey streets; •Provide a direct pedestrian connection from the structure to Monterey Street; •Preserve the large oak tree on site; • Incorporate green technologies into the structure; and •Consider the contextual sensitivity of surrounding properties (Rincon Consultants, Inc. 2010). This project is located within Section 35 of Township 30 South, Range 12 East, as depicted on the U.S. Geological Survey 7.5-minute San Luis Obispo, California, topographic quadrangle (Figure 1-1). The project area is in the Downtown Historic District, and several properties on the City’s Master List of Historic Resources (updated April 2010) and List of Contributing Historic Resources (updated April 2010) are adjacent on Monterey and Nipomo streets. The parking structure’s height would be stepped back toward the center of the property to reduce the visual impact as seen from adjoining residential properties to the northeast, including the Master List Hays-Latimer Adobe at 642 Monterey Street. The adjacent residence at 614 Monterey Street, a Contributing Historic Resource, can be retained with the current design until the property along Monterey Street is redeveloped; however, much of the residence’s rear yard would be devoted to the parking structure. Structures slated for demolition to accommodate the proposed parking structure include the residences at 633 and 633½ Palm Street and the rear garage at 610 Monterey Street (Figure 1-2). Ultimately, plans for development of the property may include demolition of the buildings at 610 and 614 Monterey. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 39 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure Figure 1-1 Study Location in central San Luis Obispo County, California. U.S.G.S. 7.5 Minute Topographic Quadrangle San Luis Obispo, CA 1965 Revised 1994 Scale 1:24,000 Project Location jN 2 010.5 Miles ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 40 633 Palm 633 1/2 Palm 610 Monterrey 614 Monterrey Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure Figure 1-2 Detail of building location at the corner of Palm and Nipomo streets. Legend Study Area Basemap Bing Aerial Web Mapping Service ©Microsoft Corporation and its data partners 0 50 100Feet Scale 1:800 jN 3 ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 41 4 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure Because the project entails ground disturbance and building demolition, and has the potential to affect significant archaeological deposits and architectural resources, it is subject to the cultural resource requirements of the California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA), which mandate that state and local agencies consider the impacts of their projects on the natural and cultural environment. In addition, the City of San Luis Obispo General Plan as well as the City’s Archaeological Resource Preservation Program Guidelines and Historic Preservation Program Guidelines set forth provisions regarding the protection of cultural resources. The first step in complying with these laws, regulations, and standards is the identification of cultural resources within the project area. To this end, Rincon Consultants retained Applied EarthWorks, Inc. (Æ) to perform a cultural resources investigation to determine if any archaeological sites or historic structures lie within project boundaries. The investigation included a records search at the Central Coast Information Center, archival and historical research, field survey of the property, predictive modeling of archaeological resources, evaluation of any potentially significant historic structures on the property, and assessment of potential impacts to the surrounding Downtown Historic District. Recommendations resulting from this study as well as additional compliance obligations and procedures essentially depend on the presence (or absence) of significant resources within the project area. Æ completed the first phase of the study in January and February 2011. Following consultation with Rincon and the City on the initial results, Æ completed additional research in June 2011. Barry Price served as Project Manager and Principal in Charge of the study. Keith Warren served as the Project Archaeologist and Aubrie Morlet was the Architectural Historian. Damon Haydu assisted with the impact analysis and report preparation. Personnel qualifications are provided in Appendix A. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 42 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure 5 2 CULTURAL CONTEXT 2.1 PREHISTORIC CONTEXT Recent studies regarding the prehistory and archaeology of the Central Coast have been conducted by Bertrando and Levulett (2004), Fitzgerald (2000), Glassow (1996), Jones et al. (1994), Jones and Waugh (1995), and Mikkelsen et al. (2000). California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture and Complexity (Jones and Klar 2007), the most recent comprehensive synthesis of California prehistory, addresses many questions relevant to the Central Coast. Current evidence suggests that Native American use of the Central Coast region began during the late Pleistocene, prior to 9000 B.C. Local evidence from this earliest period of occupation is limited to isolated fluted projectile points discovered near Santa Margarita (Gibson 1995) and Nipomo (Mills et al. 2005), although more conclusive evidence comes from the surrounding region and the offshore Channel Islands (Erlandson 1994; Lebow et al. 2001). Fluted points may be as much as 12,000–13,000 years old, and speak to the great antiquity of Native land use in the area. More conclusive evidence of human occupation has been found at a few coastal sites dating to the early Holocene, prior to 6500 B.C. The paucity of sites and materials from this time, termed the Paleocoastal Period by Moratto (1984), suggests that population density was low and settlements were impermanent. People used relatively simple technology to procure plant foods, shellfish, and a limited array of vertebrate species (Breschini and Haversat 1982; Carter 1941; Greenwood 1972; Jones and Waugh 1995; Jones et al. 1994; King 1990). Well-developed shell middens, numerous milling implements, and fishing tools provide the evidence for more intensive and settled human occupation after 6500 B.C. The period is best defined by the predominance of handstones and milling slabs, indicating a reliance on hard seeds and other plant foods; flaked stone tools include leaf-shaped bifaces, oval bifacial knives, choppers, and scrapers. Hammerstones, fishing equipment (grooved net sinkers and bipointed gorges), and Olivella beads round out the artifact assemblage. Cultural changes after 3500 B.C. are thought to be a response to environmental shifts, rising sea levels, and an increase in population. Diagnostic artifacts of this period include large side- notched, square stemmed, and contracting stemmed projectile points as well as Olivella beads. Although milling slabs and handstones continued as the primary plant processing tools, mortars and pestles were added to the artifact inventory, probably indicating systematic use of acorns (Glassow 1996; Glassow and Wilcoxon 1988). Trade and exchange also increased in importance, as evidenced by exotic shell beads and obsidian materials in midden deposits (Jones et al. 1994). Prehistoric technology and economy became markedly more complex after 600 B.C. The artifact assemblage contains shell fishhooks and other fishing gear, saucer-type Olivella beads, and contracting stemmed projectile points. The use of handstones and milling slabs continued during this period, but pestles and mortars occur in greater proportions (Jones and Waugh 1995:121). ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 43 6 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure After A.D. 500 the tomol, or plank canoe, was developed on the coast (King 1990), and the bow and arrow was adopted in the interior. Subsistence practices emphasized fish and acorns, with greater use of seasonal resources and the first attempts at food storage (Glassow 1996; Glassow and Wilcoxon 1988; King 1990). Continuation of trade relationships is evident in the increased number and diversity of obsidian items and beads. The period after A.D. 1000 was a time of emergent political complexity, development of social ranking, and the rapid development of craft specialization along the Santa Barbara Channel. Similar evidence is lacking, however, in San Luis Obispo County. In this area settlement appears to have shifted away from the coast, perhaps reflecting adaptations to warmer temperatures and changes in available resources on the coast (Jones et al. 1994). Artifact assemblages contain a mixture of earlier artifact types such as stemmed projectile points, milling slabs, handstones, bowl mortars, and Olivella beads. Moreover, the absence of imported obsidian after A.D. 1000 suggests a change in trade relationships that is likely associated with the shift in settlement patterns (Jones et al. 1994). Native populations in San Luis Obispo County may have decreased during this time as villages became temporary hunting camps and native inhabitants increasingly relied on terrestrial mammals for subsistence. 2.2 ETHNOGRAPHIC CONTEXT San Luis Obispo is within the area historically occupied by the Obispeño Chumash, the northernmost of the Chumash people of California (Gibson 1991; Greenwood 1978; Kroeber 1976). The Obispeño occupied land from the Pacific coast east to the Coast Ranges and from the Santa Maria River north to approximately Point Estero. Chumash and Obispeño material culture, social organization, traditions and rituals, and cosmology have been described by many scholars including Blackburn (1975), Grant (1993), Greenwood (1978), Hudson and Blackburn (1982– 1987), Hudson et al. (1978), Hudson and Underhay (1978), Johnson (1988), King (1990), Woodman et al. (1991). Various lines of historical and archaeological evidence indicate that the general population density in the northern Chumash region was far less at the time of contact than in earlier prehistoric times, and the neophyte population at Mission San Luis Obispo was never as high as at the more southerly missions at Santa Barbara, Lompoc, and Santa Ynez (Greenwood 1978). The Indian neophyte population at Mission San Luis Obispo reached its peak of 919 in 1803, as most of the Obispeño abandoned their native villages and moved into the mission or its outposts. 2.3 GENERAL HISTORIC CONTEXT: BRIEF HISTORY OF SAN LUIS OBISPO 2.3.1 Spanish Incursion—The Mission Era (1772–1850) The era of Chumash contact with Europeans began with the initial Spanish exploration of California in 1542. In 1769 the Portolá expedition traveled overland from San Diego to Monterey, journeying inland to Morro Bay, and passed through the project area again on their return voyage in 1770. Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa was founded in 1772, the first Spanish establishment in Chumash territory. The first structures at the mission comprised a temporary church constructed of timber and tule, a granary, and a log-and-tule house for the soldiers of the mission guard. In 1773, Francisco Palóu ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 44 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure 7 brought five families of Baja California Indians to the mission, and huts were erected to house them. A permanent church was built in 1774. Several fires necessitated construction of a new church, which was completed in 1793; that structure still stands today, dominating the landscape of Mission Plaza and Chorro Street (Figure 2-1). A cemetery is located outside of the eastern wall of the chapel. Scholars estimate that more than 2,600 Native Americans and a few Hispanics were buried in this cemetery before it was closed shortly after 1853. Additions to the eastern side of the church in 1893 and 1948 uncovered burials and Native American artifacts (Kocher 1972; Tognazzini 1993). The mission vineyard, which was south of San Luis Obispo Creek, approximately 0.25 mile southeast of the current project area, was surrounded by a stone wall that roughly followed Garden, Buchon, and Santa Rosa streets. This was the second-largest vineyard in the California mission chain, consisting of 44.66 acres of grapes planted prior to 1800 (Bertrando and Bertrando 2003; Kocher 1972). Figure 2-1 Drawing of Mission San Luis Obispo (1793). Other construction projects completed in the 1790s in the vicinity of the current project site included living quarters for the padres, dwellings and workshops for five guards and their families, and the first grist mill (Kocher 1972; Webb 1952). The water-powered mill was reportedly located “further up Monterey Street from the large reservoir, to the left of the road and by the side of San Luis Creek” (Monitor 1938). Another source pinpoints its location on San Luis Obispo Creek “where the ‘White House’ now stands.” The White House, built in 1912, was located at 860 Higuera Street. When the remains of the mill were uncovered, one millstone purportedly was still lying by the creek and the old mill had a “fine stone floor” (Mission San Luis Obispo 1937). In 1800, Father Martinez began an aggressive construction program that would complete and beautify the mission quadrangle. Construction over the following 11 years included a weaving room, a wall to enclose the quadrangle, more than 80 permanent mission Indian houses (measuring 20 feet by 17 feet) made of adobe and roofed with clay tiles, dormitories, a hospital, a second grist mill, additional reservoirs, a community kitchen, two granaries, and a corral ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 45 8 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure (Englehardt 1933; Kocher 1972; Mitchell 1930; Monitor 1938; Webb 1952). Because there are no known maps of the mission facilities, the exact location of these structures is unknown. However, construction and archaeological work in the city has uncovered pieces to this puzzle. Most recently, a portion of one of the mission reservoirs was uncovered on Chorro Street, between Palm and Mill streets, during trenching for a sewer line lateral. A portion of the mission orchard wall was uncovered near the Broad Street northbound on-ramp to U.S. Highway 101. One of the Native American dormitories may have been uncovered north of the project site across Palm Street (Parker 2005). The mission Indian housing was described as two low rows of buildings along both sides of Chorro Street. One row of these dwellings formed the outer wall of the cemetery, and the dwellings are purported to have remained in place until 1875. A simple adobe wall with a gateway to the cemetery connected this row of Indian houses with the vestibule, or portico, of the church building (Monitor 1938). When the Quintana Building (now the Blackstone Hotel) was constructed in 1876, remains that have been identified as mission-era soap and tallow vats were reportedly uncovered near the entrance of 986 Chorro Street (Webb 1952). In 1822 California became a Mexican Territory, and the mission lands gradually became private ranchos via new Mexican land grants. In 1834, the proclamation for secularization was issued, and the mission was essentially disbanded. By that time, “missionization,” disease, and destruction of the native subsistence base had virtually eliminated the Chumash and their culture. By 1838, only 170 Native Americans, including Chumash, Salinans, and Yokuts remained at the mission (Greenwood 1978). 2.3.2 Early Settlement (1850–1875) When California achieved statehood in 1850, immigrants were mainly interested in the riches to be found in the gold fields of the Sierra Nevada. Newcomers were able to find some semblance of the culture they left behind in the northern part of the state and the San Francisco Bay area, but Southern California was seen as a wild, untamed country full of lawlessness. As a result, the population of the newly formed San Luis Obispo County grew slowly. The 1850 census lists 336 residents, but ethnicity is not recorded. However, over 230 were born in California, suggesting Native American and/or Mexican heritage. Fifty-five were born in Mexico, 20 were born in America, and 26 were European immigrants. The population makeup must have remained unchanged through most of that decade, because in 1856, Henry Miller observed about 150 houses, inhabited principally by Native Americans and Mexicans (Miller 1856). A cholera epidemic in the 1850s decimated the Native American population in the region. At least 70 Native Americans are said to have died from the disease, and many who were not affected fled the area and were not seen again. The effect of this disaster is noticeable in the 1860 census, which lists only 162 Indians within a town population of 1,808 residents. Disaster hit the county from 1862 to 1864 when great droughts caused the death of hundreds of thousands of sheep and cattle, bankrupting many of the Hispanic families who had acquired large ranchos. These families were forced to sell out to Euro-American entrepreneurs who were arriving in the area (Krieger 1988). Those new arrivals spurred development within the sleepy town. With the influx of Euro-American landholders, growth came rapidly, and by 1868 housing demand far exceeded supply. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 46 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure 9 The Roman Catholic Church held titles to large sections of land such as the mission orchard and vineyard. By the 1870s, the demand for town lots was overwhelming. Seeing an opportunity to finance their extensive building repair program, the Mission Parish began selling the Mission vineyard lands for subdivision. Robert R. Harris’s 1874 map depicts how the area was platted after sale of the mission lands. By 1875, the entire vineyard had been sold (Kocher 1972). 2.3.3 Growth of Industry and Commerce (1875–1900) In 1875, 2,500 residents were concentrated in a 4-square-mile area, with the outskirts of the town sparsely settled. The City waterworks maintained a 2-mile open flume that carried water from springs above the town to a stone and cement reservoir. This water was then distributed through 5 miles of pipes that ran below all principal streets. The architecture was described as “rather primitive but of late marked improvement” (Cooper 1875:17). There were more buildings of a more permanent nature, and many who had been renting were now building. Rental housing was in demand, and there was a limited supply; these had “reasonable rents at $10 to $25/month according to size and location” (Cooper 1875). The city waterworks serviced residences near the town center and those elsewhere were supplied from individual wells. In 1875, Paulson reported four hotels, six livery stables, and one paper—the Weekly Tribune. He told how the city “commands trade up and down the coast and at least 100 miles to the interior” (Paulson 1875). Access to the outside world was through the Coast Line Stage. This company carried U.S. mail for Wells Fargo and Company to points north and south of the city. Passenger coaches also ran from the city to the harbor, and a tri-weekly stage between the city and the town of Cambria provided residents with a connection to the communities of Morro, Old Creek, and Cayucos. Additionally, a telegraph from San Francisco to Santa Barbara ran through San Luis Obispo, with an additional line from the city to the port (Cooper 1875). The narrow-gauge Pacific Coast Railway from Port Harford to Los Alamos, which first ran in 1876, made San Luis Obispo the commercial center of the region and provided access for passenger steamer service. The City of San Luis Obispo was incorporated on March 20, 1876, and a codified system of ordinances was prepared and enacted. At the time of the 1880 census, there were 2,500 residents in the city. Just 3 years later, that number was reported to have increased to 3,000 (Angel 1883). 2.3.4 Population Growth and Modernization (1900–1945) The 1900 United States census enumerated just over 3,000 residents in the City of San Luis Obispo. Several events spurred growth of the city in the early twentieth century. By 1901 the city was served by the Pacific Coast Railway and mainline Southern Pacific (Krieger 1988). The completion of a rail line that allowed travel and shipment of goods to the south meant greater opportunities for selling and buying of commodities. The establishment of California Polytechnic State University (Cal Poly) in 1903 as a vocational school on 281 acres also was a significant draw for the city. Between 1909 and 1926, many changes related to the increase in the ownership of automobiles and the ease of travel were taking place in the city. When the new state highway was opened for travel in 1915, San Luis Obispo was a prime location for travelers to rest on the long trip from San Francisco to Los Angeles. Commercial ventures catering to travelers, including hotels, ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 47 10 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure motels, restaurants, and service stations, cropped up around the city (City of San Luis Obispo 1983; Krieger 1988; Palmer et al. 2001). These services were primarily located along Monterey and Higuera streets. By the 1930 Census, the city’s population had surpassed 8,300. Additional growth occurred at the end of World War II, when military installations established in response to the war stimulated the local economy. Between 1940 and 1941, the U.S. Army converted Camp Merriam, a 2,000-acre National Guard base founded in 1928, to an infantry and artillery training camp known as Camp San Luis Obispo. Many of those soldiers, who remembered the mild climate and gentle hills of the Central Coast, returned permanently to San Luis Obispo after the war (Krieger 1988:102–104). 2.3.5 Downtown Growth (1945–present) Many of the returning soldiers were instrumental in the modernization of San Luis Obispo in the second half of the twentieth century. Joe Navoni and a group of veterans took over the City Garbage Company and bought trucks that could handle dumpsters. Archie Stinson, who used the GI Bill to study at Cal Poly, started a poultry processing plant that soon supplied most stores in San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara counties. On December 2, 1946, Southwest Airlines established airmail and passenger service out of the small county airport on the edge of town (McKeen 1988). In 1958, Alex Madonna and his wife Phyllis built the landmark Madonna Inn. The influx of new commerce meant that the landscape of downtown was changing. Older buildings, including many residences, were demolished to make way for more modern structures and parking lots. City landmarks such as the Clock Tower at the intersection of Chorro and Higuera streets and the Mission Mill guesthouse were demolished in the 1950s and 1960s. Many of the remaining adobes were also lost during this period. Citizens, government, and downtown businesses spent a considerable amount of the 1950s arguing about what to do about San Luis Obispo Creek. Many citizens believed that the creek, then a trash-filled eyesore, could be cleaned up and a lovely plaza could be developed in front of the mission. Downtown businessmen, hungry for parking spaces for their customers, thought the creek was a waste of space and encouraged the city to pave it over (McKeen 1988). The issue would not be decided until 1968, when voters approved the closing of Monterey Street and creation of the plaza that exists there today (McKeen 1988; Tritenbach 1989). Even though business leaders lost out on parking spaces at the mission, many other city parking lots were established in the downtown core. These include the Court Street lot (which has recently been redeveloped), the Kozak lot at the corner of Palm and Morro streets, and the parking lot on the current project site. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 48 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure 11 3 METHODS 3.1 ARCHIVAL RESEARCH Æ obtained a records search for downtown San Luis Obispo from the Central Coast Information Center of the California Historical Resources Information System at the University of California, Santa Barbara in January 2011. The records search identified previously recorded cultural resources and the survey coverage of prior investigations within and adjacent to the current project area (Appendix B). Sources examined during the records search included maps pinpointing cultural resources locations, survey coverage maps, and site record and report files. The State Historic Property Data Files, National Register of Historic Places, National Register of Determined Eligible Properties, California Points of Historic Interest, California Office of Historic Preservation Archaeological Determinations of Eligibility, and the California Department of Transportation State and Local Bridge Surveys were also analyzed. Additionally, Æ has a large in-house library of sources which include city directories, Great Registers, various historical maps, and newspapers. 3.2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES SURVEY Æ performed a pedestrian survey of the project area on January 18, 2011. The project parcel was surveyed on foot, and the surrounding environment and structures also were examined. Sanborn Fire Insurance maps were consulted in the field to help identify areas of historic land use. Digital photographs were taken with a Cannon Powershot A1100 IS. 3.3 ARCHITECTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY Æ Architectural Historian Aubrie Morlet conducted the initial architectural resources survey of the project site on January 21, 2011; on June 7, 2011, she conducted a follow-up survey. These studies included archival research, building documentation, and an evaluation of structures within the project area. Sources reviewed in support of the evaluation included Applications for San Luis Obispo Building Permits (1906–1937), MS034, Special Collections, Robert E. Kennedy Library, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; City of San Luis Obispo Building Permits; City of San Luis Obispo Community Development Files on Historical Properties; U.S. Census Records and Index to Registration Affidavits; and city directories on file, History Room, San Luis Obispo City-County Library. The buildings were recorded on a California Department of Parks and Recreation Primary Record (523A) and Building, Structure, and Object Record (523B). These forms describe each building’s features and summarize the evaluations of significance. Photographs were taken with a Sony DSC-H55 digital camera. Completed forms and photograph records are provided in Appendix C of this report. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 49 12 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 50 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure 13 4 FINDINGS 4.1 RECORDS SEARCH The records search revealed that 18 previous studies have been conducted within the general project area and five archaeological sites have been identified. A search of the inventories of the State Historic Property Data Files, National Register of Historic Places, National Register of Determined Eligible Properties, California Historical Landmarks, California Points of Historic Interest, California OHP Archaeological Determinations of Eligibility and the California Department of Transportation State and Local Bridge Surveys yielded eight property evaluations within the search area. Three archaeological sites have been identified previously within or immediately adjacent to the current project area. CA-SLO-1890/H was recorded in 1998 following investigations at 963 Broad Street, the location of a wood frame house built between 1886 and 1891. The site consisted of adobe remains, cobblestone foundations, and tile fragments. Numerous post-1880 bone, glass, and ceramics artifacts were also noted (Singer 1998). CA-SLO-2206H is the site of the 1876 Academy of the Immaculate Heart, located on Block 36, immediately north of the current project area. Construction monitoring in 2002 revealed trash pits, a privy, a well, sheet refuse, and structural remains associated with the convent (Parker 2002). CA-SLO-2341H covered a city-wide water line installation project undertaken in 2003. The project was largely in the street right-of-way and much of the project area was subject to prior disturbances. A black powder flask (1790–1860) was discovered at the intersection of Palm and Nipomo streets; however, no other archaeological resources were indentified adjacent to the current project area (Rowe 2003). In December 1996, at the request of the City of San Luis Obispo, Bertrando and Bertrando Research Consultants prepared Cultural Resource Investigation of the 906 Palm Street, Palm/Nipomo Parking Lot, San Luis Obispo, CA . The project area consisted of approximately 0.5 acre (Lot 1) at the corner of Palm and Nipomo and is encompassed by the current project area. Background research demonstrated that the block was occupied as early as 1855 when Roberto Villa owned an adobe on Lot 2 at the corner of Monterey and Nipomo streets (Bertrando and Bertrando 1996:5). The Bertrandos conducted a pedestrian survey of the area, which was largely inconclusive. Approximately 90 percent of the parcel was covered in asphalt, concrete, standing structures, or dense cover. Marine shellfish was observed and historical material was noted as abundant on the surface but appeared to be associated with recently removed structures. After the removal of asphalt and concrete in May 1997, the parcel was reinspected by Bertrando and Bertrando (1997a). The inspection found that disturbances did not generally penetrate deeper than 6 inches below the exposed surface. Historical material was noted in situ in the upper 12 inches and a generally intact transition to subsoil was noted at around 12 inches deep (Bertrando and Bertrando 1997a). Because of the potential for archaeological remains to be preserved in the area, the Bertrandos recommended that construction be halted in the event that ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 51 14 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure historical remains were exposed during construction until the cultural material could be assessed by a qualified archaeologist. In April 1999, trenching for a water line took place on the property. The trenching exposed a rock foundation that subsequently was inspected by the Bertrandos. The rock foundation, constructed of dacite, appeared to be associated with the circa 1905 house removed in 1996 (Bertrando and Bertrando 1997b). An intensive surface survey, also undertaken after the ground had been cleared, identified additional historical artifacts, including glass, ceramics, nails, shell, and tejas (ceramic roof tiles). These were thought to be associated with twentieth century structures—a residence (1905–1996) and welding shop (1926–1996). 4.2 SITE-SPECIFIC CONTEXT Æ completed limited historical research to determine the specific history of the proposed project area, including the sequence of prior development, in order to understand the historic context of the area and develop a predictive model of archeological resources. Proposed project plans were overlaid on the Sanborn fire insurance maps and the area of potential impact was assessed. The results of that property-specific research are described below. Properties lining Monterey and Higuera streets between Nipomo and Santa Rosa streets were rapidly developed in the 1860s for both commercial and residential purposes. Residential development, often dependent on transportation, grew out of this core part of town but remained close to local businesses. An act passed by the California State Legislature on March 23, 1868 gave the Common Council of the Town of San Luis Obispo the right to sell and confirm ownership of land. The formal survey of town lands was conducted by Robert R. Harris and Hubert C. Ward in 1870. This survey provided the foundation for individual land petitions. Most Petitions for Grant included a sketch map that was elaborated upon by the petitioner. Many early petitions were denied by the Common Council due to lack of improvements or evidence of settlement. As such, most of the petitions beginning in 1870 stated when the property was first settled and the value of improvements. The Harris and Ward Map established Block 9, bound by Palm, Broad, Monterey, and Nipomo streets, divided into six lots. The owners are identified as: Lot 1, illegible; Lot 2, Roberto Villa; Lot 3, S. A. Pollard; Lot 4, Dr. W. W. Hays; Lot 5, J. Stannseich; and Lot 6, Ramona Wilson. The current project area encompasses Lots 1 and 2. With the exception of Lots 1 and 2, the properties stretch from Monterey Street to Palm Street. Roberto Villa presented his petition for Lot 2 in 1870. Villa’s accompanying sketch map (Figure 4-1) shows an adobe dwelling which he valued at $200. Villa indicated that he settled on the land in 1855, making his the earliest recorded occupation of Block 9 (Bertrando and Bertrando 1996:np). Villa’s property and a solitary structure also appear on an 1859 petition for land that also depicts a fence on Lot 1 (Bertrando and Bertrando 1996:5). Other petitions for Grant in Block 9 revealed that Samuel A. Pollard, Justice of the Peace, settled on Lot 3 in 1868 and made improvements valued at $2,000 (Bertrando and Bertrando 1996:5). Ramona Wilson, widow of Captain John Wilson, settled Lot 6 in 1855, with improvements valued at $2,000. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 52 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure 15 Figure 4-1 Sketch map provided with the Petition to Grant for Block 9, Lot 2 filed on July 19, 1870; Roberto Villa used the 1870 Harris Map as justification for ownership. Although his petition only read “valuable improvements,” San Luis Obispo’s first resident physician, Dr. W. W. Hays, was granted deed to Lot 4, where he settled in an existing adobe dwelling in the late 1860s. John Stannseich does not indicate a date of settlement but does value land improvements at $1,000. No information was located in the petitions regarding Lot 1. By the time R. R. Harris prepared his Map of San Luis Obispo County in 1874, the project area had been divided into four parcels. No structures are depicted, but Villa owns the eastern half of Lot 2 at 614 Monterey. Judge McDowell K. Venable (San Luis Obispo County Judge from 1871 to 1879) purchased Lot 3 from Pollard and the western half of Lot 2 (610 Monterey) from Villa. This map indicates that Lot 1 was owned by Brizzolara. No other ownership changes had occurred. During the last quarter of the nineteenth century, the project site experienced little change while Monterey Street, to the east, continued to develop with commercial and residential infill. Several hotels, small businesses, and individual dwellings were located on both the north and south sides of the street. The San Luis Obispo Mission Church remained on the north side of Monterey between Broad and Chorro streets, with secular development on the south. Within the project area, dwellings at 610, 614, and 630 Monterey Street exhibited small additions to the rears of the buildings. The 1886, 1888, and 1891 Sanborn Maps show the three residences within the project area, including an outhouse at the rear of the adobe on Lot 3. James Moore operated a dyeing and cleaning business in a shed at 614 Monterey Street. Three small ancillary buildings, one a shed, were present at 610 Monterey Street. All of these buildings are no longer present on the project site. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 53 16 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure Shortly after the turn of the twentieth century, the city began improving streets by grading roads and filling in low places with gravel (Curry 1968). Higuera Street was widened to 70 feet between Nipomo and Osos streets. New development throughout the city followed these improvements. Within the project area, the 1903 Sanborn map depicts a house moved to Lot 1 between 1891 and 1903 and the 1909 map includes an associated outbuilding which may be an outhouse or shed. During this same time, James Moore moved his dyeing and cleaning business from 614 Monterey Street to the enlarged residence at 610 Monterey Street. Moore would continue to operate his business at this location until after 1925. Between 1903 and 1905 a single family dwelling was constructed at 976 Nipomo, on Palm Street. The property, Lot 1 of Block 9, had remained in the Brizzolara name since 1874. Widow Marial Brizzolara and her son Joe Ghigliotti, Chief of the City of San Luis Obispo Fire Department, resided on the property at least through 1936. By 1926 the outbuildings on Lot 2 are no longer extant. and by 1957 the house on Lot 1 was moved to the south of the lot and a welding shop was placed at the original location of the house. During the 1930s, the project area began to experience a greater physical change. In 1930, the Harmony Valley Creamery Association opened a processing plant on the corner of Nipomo and Dana streets. This plant provided fresh milk, butter, and cheese to residents of the city. By 1938, the Brizzolara dwelling had been moved south, closer to Monterey Street, and converted into a duplex (972-970 Nipomo Street). A new business, a welding shop, was added to the property on the previous location of the dwelling. The two dwellings at 610 and 614 Monterey Street were demolished. Louis R. Heyd, an engineer for the Union Oil Company, built a new dwelling at 614 Monterey Street in 1935. Heyd’s family had owned the property since 1900; in 1933 it was occupied by the son and his family. Klien J. Williams, a creamery worker, constructed a new dwelling across the street from the creamery at 610 Monterey Street in 1937. Both Heyd and Williams remained on the property beyond 1975. New surface parking lots established in the 1960s and 70s frequently replaced older buildings and historic uses of the properties. Within the project area, the weather-boarded adobe dwelling at 630 Monterey Street was demolished to clear space for the parking lot that exists today. More recently, the Brizzolara dwelling at 970 Nipomo was relocated to 576 Buchon Street and the old welding shop was demolished. 4.3 ADOBE CONSTRUCTION IN SAN LUIS OBISPO Adobe construction had its origins in the Spanish-Mission period and is commonly seen throughout the California Central Coast. Founded in 1772, Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa is located on Monterey Street between Broad and Chorro. The current church and convento wing were built in 1794. The two gable-front and side-gable buildings were simple in style with thick, whitewashed adobe walls and straight barrel mission tile on the roofs. The portico on the church front and colonnades on the wing shaded the entrances to the buildings in traditional fashion. Following Mexican independence from Spain in 1821, the San Luis Obispo Mission was secularized and sold to Captain John Wilson. The military, followed by the county, used the mission buildings for civic purposes such as a jail and courthouse. In 1855 the U.S. Land Commission returned the mission property to the Catholic Church. By that time a thriving community had become established, fanning out from the central mission property. The Sauer ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 54 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure 17 Adobe, Walter Murray Adobe, and the Overland Stage Company Adobe were located around the mission, along with numerous other residential and commercial buildings (Figure 4-2). Monterey Street, which ran past the front of the mission, was one of four main streets during the early town development. Figure 4-2 Old Overland Stage Company Adobe located at Dana and Nipomo; this building was demolished for construction of the Harmony Valley Creamery buildings by 1930. In 1886, the French Hotel, Swiss American Hotel, two boardinghouses, several small businesses, and 16 residential dwellings were located on Monterey Street between Chorro and Nipomo (Figure 4-3). During the 1880s, several adobe buildings, such as the Sauer Adobe and two dwellings at 642 and 630 Monterey, all built during the 1860s, were covered with wood siding. It is likely that many other adobe buildings existed but were demolished during the first half of the twentieth century for new development downtown. Only a handful of examples remain today outside the mission property. Secularization had taken a toll on the adobe mission buildings and in 1872 the church replaced the tile roof shingles with wood in hopes of slowing deterioration. During the early 1880s, the convento wing colonnades and the church front portico/belfry were removed due to extensive damage. Soon after, the exterior adobe walls were covered with wood siding and a New England style belfry with steeple was added, in keeping with the tastes of the time. An additional wing was added to the east facade of the church in 1893. By the start of the twentieth century, the mission had achieved an interesting Victorian-influenced appearance (Figure 4-4). The Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa underwent a restoration project in 1933–1934. The project, managed by Father John Harnett, returned the property to the earlier mission appearance (Figure 4-5). This included removal of the steeple, re-exposing the adobe bricks, reconstruction of the portico/belfry and colonnade, and new roof tiles. The restoration was the culmination of a 10-year fundraising effort following a fire in the sacristy in 1920. Public outreach is a part of any fundraising effort, and those living and working near the mission would have been especially aware of the proposed project. The actual restoration activity would have been very visible and ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 55 18 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure Figure 4-3 Monterey Street with mission church, French Hotel, and Fulton Market in the 1870s. Figure 4-4 Mission church and convento wing after the American-influenced alterations in the 1880s. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 56 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure 19 Figure 4-5 Restored Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa. may have even created a renewed interest in adobe construction. Within 2 years, a new adobe dwelling was built at 614 Monterey Street. At this time adobe was not a frequently utilized material; however, a renewed interest in adobe building occurred during the mid to late 1930s, most notably in projects carried out by the Depression-era Works Progress Administration (WPA). The New Deal program funded construction of adobe homes in residential tracts for families relocating from the dustbowl. These projects appear to have occurred mostly in the southwestern United States, including southern California. The WPA built the County Courthouse and other projects in San Luis Obispo, but it does not appear that the program undertook any adobe residential projects on the Central Coast. 4.4 ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES SURVEY The study area is highly developed with residential structures, landscaped islands, sidewalks, curbs, and paved parking lots. Little exposed ground surface was present. However, along the Monterey Street boundary of the project parcel, several exposed strips of native soil contained historic-period debris, including glass and ceramic fragments, ferrous metal items, and shell. In addition, these same constituents were observed in the yards of adjacent properties along Monterey Street. Surface observations were insufficient to determine whether these constituents represent intact archaeological deposits; however, the surrounding landform along the Monterey Street portion of the project area appears to be fairly intact. Background research shows that the property within the project area was occupied as least as early as 1855, when Roberto Villa owned land at the corner of Monterey and Nipomo streets. Historical maps including the Sanborn fire insurance maps demonstrate the potential for backyard artifact-filled features such as outhouses, one of which is clearly noted on the 1886 map. Previous investigations noted intact archaeological features in the general area, and overall site integrity is anticipated to be good. Since the area was utilized as early as the mid-nineteenth century, intact historical deposits are anticipated and could include sheet midden, refuse deposits, structural remains (i.e., foundations, walls, footings, piers, builders trenches and cellars), hollow or pit features (trash pits, privies, wells, cisterns, utility vaults) and fill layers. Resources associated with the mission era may include residences, agricultural features such as granaries, holding pens, threshing floors, aqueducts, or refuse deposits. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 57 20 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure 4.5 ARCHITECTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY As illustrated in Figure 4-6, in 1950 Lot 3 contained 633 and 633½ Palm Street and 630, 632, and 630½ Monterey Street. This map reflects all of the buildings that once stood on the property. The majority of the lot is now utilized for parking and only 633 and 633½ Palm Street remain. Figure 4-6 Project area shown on the 1950 Sanborn map, which is an update from the 1926 Sanborn map. Æ identified and recorded four residential buildings in the study area, at 633 and 633½ Palm Street, 610 Monterey Street, and 614 Monterey Street. 4.5.1 633 and 633½ Palm Street The wood constructed residence at 633 Palm Street rests on a concrete foundation with a rectangular footprint. The walls are clad with slender wood boards. The medium-pitched gable- front roof is covered with composition shingles and the eaves are open. Wood slat vents are present in the gable peak. Three steps lead to the concrete stoop that is shaded by the dropped, gable-front porch. Fenestration includes wood sash transomed windows on the north facade, wood sash windows on the east and west facades, and a wood-framed glass door at the main entrance. A concrete driveway leads to the building at the rear of the property, 633½ Palm Street. The two-story wood constructed building at 633½ Palm Street rests on a concrete foundation ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 58 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure 21 Figure 4-7 Residence at 633 Palm Street. Figure 4-8 Residence at 633½ Palm Street. with a rectangular footprint and presents a front overhang. The walls are clad with wide beveled wood boards on most of the north facade and plaster on all remaining facades. The gable roof is covered with composition shingles and the eaves are open. Rectangular vents are present in the ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 59 22 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure gable end. Wood sash windows are mixed with newer metal windows and large multiple-paned fixed windows. Wood constructed stairs leading to the second story landing are shaded by a dropped gable roof. According to the building permit, construction on 633 Palm Street started in December 1927. This building does not appear significantly altered. A building permit was filed for the construction of 633½ Palm Street in December 1947. The building is described as a residence with garage. Based on visual inspection, it appears that the first story of the building was a garage for both buildings and the living space was on the second story. At an unknown time, the first story was converted into living space with a small storage area concealed by wood board doors on the west end. A permit was filed in May 1956 for unspecified alterations and repairs. Based on materials utilized, it is possible that the first story conversion occurred at that time. In 2003, 633 Palm was reroofed. 4.5.2 610 Monterey Street The wood-framed building at 610 Monterey Street (Figure 4-9) rests on a concrete foundation with an irregular footprint. The walls are clad with plaster. The low-pitched cross-hipped roof is covered with composition shingles and the eaves are boxed. Fenestration includes a bay window on the south and west facades, wood sash windows, metal sliding windows on the northwest corner, and a solid wood door on the south facade. Two chimneys are present on the west facade; a tapered chimney is attached on the south end and a square chimney pierces the roof slope. A two-car garage is located to the north of the dwelling with a concrete drive leading to Nipomo Street. The garage is clad with plaster and the hipped roof is covered with composition shingles. Two single wood doors open into the garage. Figure 4-9 Residence at 610 Monterey Street. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 60 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure 23 According to the San Luis Obispo County Assessor’s Office, the building was constructed in 1937. City directories do not list the property prior to 1938. A building permit was issued on October 3, 1957 to roof the existing porch. No original building permit was located. It also appears that a single metal sliding window at the rear of the west facade was either replaced or added at an unknown time. No other alterations are visible. 4.5.3 614 Monterey Street (Heyd Property) The adobe brick building (Figure 4-10) rests on a concrete foundation with an irregular footprint. The walls are 12 inches thick and the exterior is painted. The low-pitched cross-hipped roof is covered with wood shingles and the eaves are closed. Fenestration includes recessed wood sash windows on all facades and a solid wood door on the south facade. The two front windows on either side of the south facade door are square, while the windows on the east and west facades are rectangular. Two chimneys are present: a tapered chimney is attached on the southeast corner and a rectangular chimney pierces the roof ridge near the cross joint. A single-car garage is attached to the north facade on the east side. This wood addition is clad with stucco. A single wood sash window is present on the north facade of the garage. Important landscape features include a large live oak tree in the front yard, brick steps and pathway from the sidewalk on Monterey Street to the front porch stoop, and the adobe retaining wall along the east side of the driveway. Figure 4-10 Adobe residence at 614 Monterey Street. According to the San Luis Obispo County Assessor’s Office, the building was constructed in 1939. Early assessor records are often estimated dates of construction, and City directories revealed that the family was living in the dwelling consistently from 1936, making it likely that ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 61 24 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure the construction year was 1935. No original building permit or subsequent permits were located. The property does appear to have an attached garage addition completed before 1950. No other alterations are visible. 4.5.4 Downtown Historic District In 1987, the City of San Luis Obispo designated three historic districts within the urban area. In addition to the districts, the City maintains a Master List of Historic Resources, which identifies buildings that are considered historically significant on their own merits, and a List of Contributing Historic Resources, which identifies structures that contribute to the significance of designated historic districts, although they may not be individually significant. The districts and initial historic resources lists were created as a result of a 1981 survey performed by a citizens’ committee appointed by the City Council. The property forms associated with the survey are on file at the Community Development Department. The project area is partially located within the Downtown Historic District, which stretches east from Highway 101 and Dana Street to just beyond Osos Street and runs north from Marsh Street to Palm Street. Many of the city’s most important historic buildings are found in the district, which includes an eclectic mixture of architectural styles from the Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa to the Streamline Moderne Fremont Theater. While the majority of the buildings within the Downtown District are used commercially, quite a few are still residential properties, especially west of Broad Street. Two Master List properties and two contributing properties lie within or adjacent to the current project area (Table 4-1). The single-story vernacular residence with a detached garage at 610 Monterey Street is a contributing property built in 1937 by Klien Williams. The single-story, mission-influenced vernacular residence at 614 Monterey Street was built by Louis R. Heyd in 1935 is also is a contributing property. Both lie within the current project area. The Hays-Latimer Adobe, a weather-boarded single-story adobe residence, is a Master List property built in 1860. The multistory Harmony Creamery is also a Master List property. Built in 1930 by the Harmony Valley Creamer Association, it is Spanish Colonial Revival in style. Both are adjacent to the current project. Table 4-1 Designated Historic Buildings Within and Adjacent to the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure Project Site Address Local Designation Location Relative to Project Site 610 Monterey Street Contributing property to Downtown Historic District Within 614 Monterey Street (Heyd Property) Contributing property to Downtown Historic District Within 638-642 Monterey Street (Hays-Latimer Adobe) On Master List of Historic Resources, Downtown Historic District Adjacent 991 Nipomo Street (Harmony Creamery) On Master List of Historic Resources, Downtown Historic District Adjacent ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 62 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure 25 4.6 RESOURCE EVALUATIONS 4.6.1 Archaeological Resources A small amount of historic-period debris was observed in exposed native soils along the Monterey Street portion of the project site. However, due to the developed status of the project area, there was little exposed ground surface to examine. Historic documents suggest that this area of the city was part of the mission lands prior to secularization and was developed as early as 1855. Sanborn maps depict residences and several privies within the project footprint. A previous study by Bertrando and Bertrando (1999) uncovered historic-period debris in unconsolidated fill and the remains of a foundation or wall. These items were related to a house or welding shop that faced Nipomo Street as early as 1903. Thus, it is likely that additional remains related to mission and post-mission occupation of the site are present. Historic documents and previous similar work have shown that subsurface archaeological deposits exist throughout the city, including areas adjacent to the current project. Trenches excavated on Monterey Street directly east of the subject property revealed a large archaeological deposit. Archaeological investigations for the Court Street Development Project parking garage, approximately 1/8-mile east, revealed that a mission-era midden containing significant Native American deposits was present along a long stretch of Palm Street on the side opposite the mission; it is unclear whether that deposit extends into the current project area. Because only six structures have ever existed on the project site, it is quite likely that subsurface cultural remains are intact. Any intact features likely would qualify as historical resources under CEQA, and would sustain significant impacts from the proposed demolition and construction. 4.6.2 Architectural Resources Æ evaluated the buildings within the project site for historical significance by applying the criteria of the California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR) and the City of San Luis Obispo Evaluation Criteria for Historic Resource Listing with reference to the context presented in Chapter 2. Whereas the CRHR criteria provide the general standards of significance, the context delineates the specific themes (i.e., currents within the flow of history) to which a resource may be related. Significance is based on how well the subject resource represents one or more of these themes based on its specific history and the people associated with the resource, as well as its inherent qualities (i.e., architecture and potential to yield information about the past). 4.6.3 California Register of Historical Resources Criteria A resource is eligible for the California Register if it meets the criteria defined in Section 5024.1 of the California Public Resources Code: (1) Is associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of California’s history and cultural heritage. (2) Is associated with the lives of persons important in our past. (3) Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region or method of construction, or represents the work of an important creative individual, or possesses high artistic values. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 63 26 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure (4) Has yielded, or may be likely to yield, information important in prehistory or history [California Code of Regulations, Title 14, Chapter 3]. The site must also, except in rare circumstance, be 50 years old or older. The CRHR criteria parallel those of the National Register of Historic Places, which requires that the resource retain enough of its historic character to convey the reason for its significance. Per the National Park Service’s guidance, integrity is assessed by examining seven aspects of integrity, which are defined as follows: Location is the place where the historic property was constructed or the place where the historic event occurred. . . . Design is the combination of elements that create the form, plan, space, structure, and style of a property. . . . Setting is the physical environment of a historic property. . . . Materials are the physical elements that were combined or deposited during a particular period of time and in a particular pattern or configuration to form a historic property. . . . Workmanship is the physical evidence of the crafts of a particular culture or people during any given period in history or prehistory. . . . Feeling is a property’s expression of the aesthetic or historic sense of a particular period of time. . . . Association is the direct link between an important historic event or person and a historic property. . . [National Park Service 2002:Part VIII]. “Integrity is based on significance: why, where, and when a property is important” (National Park Service 2002:Part VIII). Only after significance is fully established is the issue of integrity addressed. Ultimately, the question of integrity is answered by whether or not the property retains the identity for which it is significant. 4.6.4 City of San Luis Obispo Historic Preservation Ordinance Evaluation Criteria for Historic Resources Listing The City’s historic preservation ordinance (Title 14 of the San Luis Obispo Municipal Code) states that the Cultural Heritage Committee and City Council shall consider the standards of the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) when determining if a property should be designated as a listed Historic or Cultural Resource (Section 14.01.070). In order to be eligible for designation, the resource shall exhibit a high level of historic integrity, be at least fifty (50) years old (less than 50 if it can be demonstrated that enough time has passed to understand its historical importance) and satisfy at least one of the following criteria: A. Architectural Criteria: Embodies the distinctive characteristics of a type, period, region, or method of construction, or represents the work of a master, or possesses high artistic values. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 64 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure 27 (1)Style: Describes the form of a building, such as size, structural shape and details within that form (e.g. arrangement of windows and doors, ornamentation, etc.). Building style will be evaluated as a measure of: a. The relative purity of a traditional style; b. Rarity of existence at any time in the locale; and/or current rarity although the structure reflects a once popular style; c. Traditional, vernacular and/or eclectic influences that represent a particular social milieu and period of the community; and/or the uniqueness of hybrid styles and how these styles are put together. (2)Design: Describes the architectural concept of a structure and the quality of artistic merit and craftsmanship of the individual parts. Reflects how well a particular style or combination of styles are expressed through compatibility and detailing of elements. Also, suggests degree to which the designer (e.g., carpenter-builder) accurately interpreted and conveyed the style(s). Building design will be evaluated as a measure of: a. Notable attractiveness with aesthetic appeal because of its artistic merit, details and craftsmanship (even if not necessarily unique); b. An expression of interesting details and eclecticism among carpenter-builders, although the craftsmanship and artistic quality may not be superior. (3)Architect: Describes the professional (an individual or firm) directly responsible for the building design and plans of the structure. The architect will be evaluated as a reference to: a. A notable architect (e.g., Wright, Morgan), including architects who made significant contributions to the state or region, or an architect whose work influenced development of the city, state or nation. b. An architect who, in terms of craftsmanship, made significant contributions to San Luis Obispo (e.g., Abrahams who, according to local sources, designed the house at 810 Osos—Frank Avila’s father’s home—built between 1927–30). B. Historic Criteria (1)History—Person: Associated with the lives of persons important to local, California, or national history. Historic person will be evaluated as a measure of the degree to which a person or group was: a. Significant to the community as a public leader (e.g., mayor, congress member, etc.) or for his or her fame and outstanding recognition—locally, regionally, or nationally. b. Significant to the community as a public servant or person who made early, unique, or outstanding contributions to the community,important local affairs or institutions (e.g., council members, educators, medical professionals, clergymen, railroad officials). ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 65 28 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure (2)History—Event: Associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of local or regional history or the cultural heritage of California or the United States. Historic event will be evaluated as a measure of: (i) A landmark, famous, or first-of-its-kind event for the city—regardless of whether the impact of the event spread beyond the city. (ii) A relatively unique, important or interesting contribution to the city (e.g., the Ah Louis Store as the center for Chinese-American cultural activities in early San Luis Obispo history). (3)History—Context: Associated with and also a prime illustration of predominant patterns of political, social, economic, cultural, medical, educational, governmental, military, industrial, or religious history. Historic context will be evaluated as a measure of the degree to which it reflects: a.Early, first, or major patterns of local history, regardless of whether the historic effects go beyond the city level, that are intimately connected with the building (e.g., County Museum). b.Secondary patterns of local history, but closely associated with the building (e.g., Park Hotel). C. Integrity: Authenticity of an historical resource’s physical identity evidenced by the survival of characteristics that existed during the resource’s period of significance. Integrity will be evaluated by a measure of: (1) Whether or not a structure occupies its original site and/or whether or not the original foundation has been changed, if known. (2) The degree to which the structure has maintained enough of its historic character or appearance to be recognizable as an historic resource and to convey the reason(s) for its significance. (3) The degree to which the resource has retained its design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling and association. Historic District Designation, Purpose A. Historic (H) District Designation. All properties within historic districts shall be designated by an “H” zoning (14.01.080). Properties zoned “H” shall be subject to the provisions and standards as provided in Ordinance 17.54 (Zoning) of the Municipal Code. B. Purposes of Historic Districts. The purposes of historic districts and H zone designation are to: (1) Implement cultural resource preservation policies of the General Plan, the preservation provisions of adopted area plans, the Historic Preservation and Archaeological Resource Preservation Program Guidelines, and ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 66 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure 29 (2) Identify and preserve definable, unified geographical entities that possess a significant concentration, linkage, or continuity of sites, buildings, structures, or objects united historically or aesthetically by plan or physical development; (3) Implement historic preservation provisions of adopted area and neighborhood improvement plans; (4) Enhance and preserve the setting of historic resources so that surrounding land uses and structures do not detract from the historic or architectural integrity of designated historic resources and districts; and (5) Promote the public understanding and appreciation of historic resources. 4.6.5 Individual Property Evaluations 4.6.5.1 633 and 633½ Palm Street No significant historical events appear to have taken place on the 633 and 633½ Palm Street property (Criterion 1). The buildings have had many residents over the years, but none appear to have played a significant role in the history or development of San Luis Obispo (Criterion 2). The buildings are of a common construction type for their function and the period in which they were built (Criterion 3). Finally, Criterion 4 is often applied to archaeological sites, but may be applied to structures if they contain information that would not be available by any means but studying the structures. The buildings and structures at 633 and 633½ Palm are representative of construction forms that have been well documented in San Luis Obispo County and California and cannot provide any new information on materials or design (Criterion 4). Therefore, the subject property does not appear to be eligible for the CRHR, nor does it meet any of the eligibility criteria for listing as a Master List property for the City of San Luis Obispo. Neither does it qualify as a contributing element of the Downtown Historic District. 4.6.5.2 610 Monterey Street This property does not appear to be associated with events or individuals significant in the history or development of San Luis Obispo (Criteria 1 and 2). The building is vernacular in style and does not exhibit distinctive architectural characteristics or high artistic values; neither does it display a relative purity of a traditional style, a rarity of existence, or uniqueness of style nor does it possess an aesthetic appeal or artistic merit in its design (Criterion 3). Finally, Criterion 4 is often applied to archaeological sites, but may be applied to structures if they contain information that would not be available by any means but studying the structures. The buildings at 610 Monterey Street are representative of construction forms that have been well documented in San Luis Obispo County and California and cannot provide any new information on materials or design (Criterion 4).Therefore, the property does not meet any of the eligibility criteria for individual listing as a Master List property for the City of San Luis Obispo nor does it appear to be eligible for the CRHR. This property is listed as a contributor to the Downtown Historic Preservation District and does provide continuity in the historic streetscape and an essential linkage between properties along Monterey Street and those along Nipomo and Dana streets. It is therefore considered a historical resource for the purposes of CEQA. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 67 30 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure 4.6.5.3 614 Monterey Street (Heyd Property) The property at 614 Monterey Street does not appear to be associated with events or individuals significant in the history or development of San Luis Obispo. Although the building is vernacular in style, it appears to be a rare architectural example of Depression-era adobe architecture within the City of San Luis Obispo. The building was erected soon after the renovation of the Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa, which returned the mission buildings to their original appearance by revealing the previously covered adobe walls and removing other Victorian-age embellishments. The building at 614 Monterey Street, located just seven parcels away from the mission, was constructed of adobe and continues the theme of mission-style architecture down the block. The 1930s dwelling is a rarity in the City of San Luis Obispo and is the only adobe of its time period within the Downtown Historic District. Although the property does not appear to be individually eligible for the CRHR, the property does appear to meet the eligibility criteria for individual listing as a Master List property under criteria A(1)b and A(1)c because of its rarity and its representation of the vernacular renewal of adobe architecture in the decades prior to World War II. This property is also listed as a contributor to the Downtown Historic Preservation District and provides essential continuity along the historic streetscape. It is therefore considered a historical resource for the purposes of CEQA. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 68 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure 31 5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 PARKING STRUCTURE PROJECT 5.1.1 Archaeological Resources Given the known sensitivity of the project vicinity and its potential for important archaeological resources to be preserved in the project area, archaeological investigations are recommended pursuant to the City’s Archaeological Resource Preservation Program Guidelines. This work should be guided by a comprehensive research design and testing and mitigation plan prepared prior to building demolition or other construction to guide all phases of the archaeological investigation. The work should include: • Monitoring of demolition of the buildings foundations and removal of all pavement by a qualified archaeologist and Native American monitor (demolition of the upper portions of the building need not be monitored). • If archaeological resources are discovered during monitoring, they will be tested and treated pursuant to the testing and mitigation plan. • When the site has been cleared, a qualified archaeologist shall test for the presence of significant archaeological resources. This work will be guided by the testing plan. • If resources are discovered during testing, they should be evaluated for significance using criteria set forth in the testing and mitigation plan. Impacts to significant finds should be mitigated through a data recovery program using appropriate archaeological field and laboratory methods, pursuant to the mitigation plan. Æ recommends using a consolidated approach to the archaeological investigations, as outlined in Section 5.0 of the City’s Archaeological Resource Preservation Program Guidelines. The project timeline must include sufficient opportunity prior to construction to allow for identification and evaluation of cultural resources, and for full recovery of the significant subsurface resources that would be affected by the project. The results of the program should be presented in a report that details all methods and findings, evaluates the nature and significance of the resources, analyzes and interprets the results, and makes provisions for artifact curation and public display/interpretation of the significant resources. Artifacts recovered from significant resources should be housed at a qualified curation facility. 5.1.2 Architectural Resources 5.1.2.1 633 and 633½ Palm Street The project proposes to demolish the buildings at 633 and 633½ Palm Street. Per the evaluation above, these buildings are not considered historical resources according to CEQA Guidelines, ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 69 32 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure nor are they eligible for individual listing on the City’s Master List of Historic Resources. The properties are not within the Downtown Historic District, and thus loss of the buildings would not diminish the integrity of the district. Therefore, demolition of the buildings at 633 and 633½ Palm Street is not considered a significant impact on historical resources. 5.1.2.2 610 Monterey Street As currently designed, completion of the proposed parking structure requires demolition of an existing two-car garage located at 610 Monterey Street. The project will also utilize a large portion of the backyard. The detached garage is associated with a one-story vernacular residence built in 1937 by Klien Williams. The garage is accessed from Nipomo Street and is not visible from the front of the residence. City records do not indicate which character-defining features of this property qualify it as a contributing element of the Downtown Historic District; while the residence itself provides continuity in the historic streetscape and provides an essential linkage between properties in the historic district along Monterey Street and those along Nipomo and Dana streets, the garage is not visible from Monterey Street and is visually shielded by mature landscaping along Nipomo Street. Thus, it does not appear that the district’s integrity will suffer due to the loss of the detached garage. Therefore, demolition of the detached garage at 610 Monterey Street does not constitute an impact to the contributing property or the Downtown Historic District. As construction activities will take place in close proximity to the dwelling, protective measures shall be taken to preserve the integrity of the dwelling: • The residential building and landscaping features shall be photodocumented prior to the beginning of construction activities. The photo-documentation is intended to provide a complete record of the property as the basis for repairs if inadvertent damage occurs during construction. •The residential building and landscaping shall have a barrier fence made of metal posts and construction safety netting to protect the residential building and surrounding landscape from inadvertent damage due to construction activities. This fence will extend from the project boundary south of the garage to the sidewalk on both Nipomo and Monterey streets and connect with the fencing at 614 Monterey Street. • Notify the contractor that no demolition or construction work is to occur within or on the perimeter of the protective fencing. •Construction monitoring will ensure that the protective measures are upheld. 5.1.2.3 614 Monterey Street (Heyd Property) The project proposes a land take from the back yard of the property at 614 Monterey Street. This will place the proposed parking garage directly behind the residential building. This property appears to meet the eligibility criteria as a Master List property for the City of San Luis Obispo under criteria A(1)b and A(1)c. In addition, the property is listed as a contributing element of the Downtown Historic District; thus, it is considered a historical resource for the purposes of ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 70 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure 33 CEQA. The backyard has not been identified as a character-defining feature of the property, and thus the taking per se does not constitute a significant direct impact on a historical resource. However, placing the proposed parking structure in such close proximity to the building could diminish its integrity of setting, feeling, and association. To avoid such impacts, the new structure will have to be designed very sensitively with respect to the height, scale, and massing of the historical resource. The proposed parking structure design should be reviewed by the Cultural Heritage Committee (CHC) to ensure it meets design standards and historical values consistent with the location. Moreover, as construction activities will take place in close proximity to the dwelling, protective measures must be taken to preserve the integrity of the dwelling: • The residential building and landscaping features shall be photodocumented prior to the beginning of construction activities. The photo-documentation is intended to provide a complete documentation as the basis for implementing adequate repairs if inadvertent damage occurs to the property. •The residential building and landscaping shall have a barrier fence made of metal posts and construction safety netting to protect the residential building and surrounding landscape from inadvertent damage due to construction activities. This fence will extend from the southern project boundary to the sidewalk on Monterey Street and connect with the fencing at 610 Monterey Street and the wood fence on the eastern parcel boundary. • Notify the contractor that no demolition or construction work is to occur within or on the perimeter of the protective fencing. •Construction monitoring will ensure that the protective measures are upheld. 5.1.2.4 Downtown Historic District Monterey Street from Osos Street to the end of Dana Street is the core from which the Downtown Historic District expands. The majority of the proposed project takes place inside of the district boundaries, which wrap around Monterey and Nipomo streets and extend west on Dana Street. The proposed parking structure will be located directly across the street from the Master List Harmony Creamery building at 991 Nipomo, adjacent to the Master List Hays- Latimer Adobe at 642 Monterey, and will be visible from the entire length of contributing properties located along Dana Street. The visual impacts of the project may even reach as far as to the Dr. George B. Nichols House at 664 Monterey, the Carnegie Library at 696 Monterey, and the San Luis Obispo de Tolosa Mission, all Master List properties. To preserve the setting, feeling, and historical associations of the Downtown Historic District in the project vicinity and ensure the proposed parking structure meets design standards and historic values consistent with its placement in the historic district, the project should adhere to the Community Design Guidelines adopted in 2002 while developing a final project design. • The proposed parking structure design shall respect the height, scale, and massing of the historic resources in the project area and within the Downtown Historic District. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 71 34 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure • The proposed parking structure design shall be reviewed by the Cultural Heritage Committee (CHC) to ensure it meets design standards and historical values consistent with the location within the Downtown Historic District. • The CHC will forward a recommendation to the Architectural Review Commission, which would take the final action on the design plans for the proposed parking structure. 5.2 FUTURE DEVELOPMENT SCENARIO The City has indicated plans for redevelopment of the corner of Monterey and Nipomo streets. The future development scenario includes demolition of the residential buildings at 610 and 614 Monterey Street and eventual construction of new commercial and or public structures. The following sections assess the impacts to historical resources under this future development scenario. 5.2.1 Archaeological Resources As with the parking structure project, archaeological investigations are recommended under the future development scenario pursuant to the City’s Archaeological Resource Preservation Program Guidelines. This work should be guided by a comprehensive research design and testing and mitigation plan prepared prior to building demolition or other construction to guide all phases of the archaeological investigation. The work should include: • Monitoring of demolition of the buildings foundations and removal of all pavement by a qualified archaeologist and Native American monitor (demolition of the upper portions of the building need not be monitored). • If archaeological resources are discovered during monitoring, they will be tested and treated pursuant to the testing and mitigation plan. • When the site has been cleared, a qualified archaeologist shall test for the presence of significant archaeological resources. This work will be guided by the testing plan. • If resources are discovered during testing, they should be evaluated for significance using criteria set forth in the testing and mitigation plan. Impacts to significant finds should be mitigated through a data recovery program using appropriate archaeological field and laboratory methods, pursuant to the mitigation plan. Æ recommends using a consolidated approach to the archaeological investigations, as outlined in Section 5.0 of the City’s Archaeological Resource Preservation Program Guidelines. The project timeline must include sufficient opportunity prior to construction to allow for identification and evaluation of cultural resources, and for full recovery of the significant subsurface resources that would be affected by the project. The results of the program should be presented in a report that details all methods and findings, evaluates the nature and significance of the resources, analyzes and interprets the results, and makes provisions for artifact curation and public display/interpretation of the significant resources. Artifacts recovered from significant resources should be housed at a qualified curation facility. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 72 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure 35 5.2.2 Architectural Resources 5.2.2.1 610 Monterey Street Demolition of this building under the future development scenario would constitute a significant impact to the Downtown Historic District because it would remove an important contributing element that provides continuity along the historical streetscape. Replacement with modern structures would sever the portion of the historic district along Dana Street from the remainder of the district and insert nonconforming intrusions in its place. Thus, the integrity of the district would be substantially diminished. Were demolition to occur, full Historic American Building Survey (HABS)-like Level III documentation of the property and of the Monterey streetscape, along with additional archival research and public interpretation, would lessen the impacts but would not reduce them to less than significant levels. As an alternative to demolition, this building could be rezoned for office or small retail uses; sensitive remodeling or renovation for such uses could be done in a manner that retains the building’s character-defining historical and architectural features. Were a remodel to take place, the project should follow the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, and Restoring Historic Buildings. Following these guidelines in the development of future plans for this property would reduce impacts to less than significant levels. 5.2.2.2 614 Monterey Street (Heyd Property) Demolition of any part of this building under the future development scenario would constitute a significant impact to the Master List-eligible property and the Downtown Historic District because it would remove an important contributing element that provides continuity along the historical streetscape. Replacement with modern structures would sever the portion of the historic district along Dana Street from the remainder of the district and insert nonconforming intrusions in its place. Thus, the integrity of the district would be substantially diminished. Were demolition to occur, full HABS-like Level III documentation of the property and of the Monterey streetscape, along with additional archival research and public interpretation, would lessen the impacts but would not reduce them to less than significant levels. As an alternative to demolition, this building could be rezoned for office or small retail uses; sensitive remodeling or renovation for such uses could be done in a manner that retains the building’s character-defining historical and architectural features. Were a remodel to take place, the project should follow the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties with Guidelines for Preserving, Rehabilitating, and Restoring Historic Buildings . Following these guidelines in the development of future plans for this property would reduce impacts to less than significant levels. 5.2.2.3 Downtown Historic District The buildings on the north side of Monterey Street create a historic streetscape that connects the area west of Mission Plaza to the westernmost section of the Downtown Historic District on Dana Street. Many architecturally and historically significant residential and commercial buildings are located on Dana Street, including three Master List properties and 10 contributing ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 73 36 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure properties. Demolition of the two buildings at 610 and 614 Monterey Street, which create a critical linkage between the mission area and the Dana Street complex, would cause a substantial diminishment of the integrity of the historic district and would thus be a significant impact under CEQA. Construction of new buildings and structures at these locations would create intrusions that would further degrade the integrity of the historic district. Since the establishment of the historic district in 1987, Nipomo Street between Higuera and Palm streets has already sustained several other significant impacts. Three buildings were removed (one relocated outside of the district) for the creation of the existing parking area at Palm and Nipomo streets in 1997. The new Children’s Museum at the corner of Nipomo and Monterey streets is very modern in appearance, in stark conflict with surrounding properties. The new Soda Water Works building was also constructed with a modern appearance. Both of these properties are inside the Downtown Historic District boundaries but are no longer contributing resources. The introduction of still more new, nonconforming elements would be highly detrimental, essentially severing the Dana Street group from the rest of the district. Implementing the recommendations described above prior to demolition and new construction would lessen the impacts to the historic district, but would not reduce them to less than significant levels. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 74 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure 37 6 REFERENCES Angel, Myron 1883 History of San Luis Obispo County, California, with Illustrations . Thompson and West, Oakland, California. 1966 facsimile ed. Howell-North Books, Berkeley, California. Bertrando, Ethan, and Betsy Bertrando 1996 Cultural Resource Investigation of the 906 Palm Street, Palm/Nipomo Parking Lot, San Luis Obispo, CA. Prepared for Barbara Lynch, Engineer, City of San Luis Obispo 1997a Results of the Final Surface Inspection of Property on the Corner of Palm and Nipomo Streets. Letter report submitted to Barbara Lynch, Engineer, City of San Luis Obispo 1997b Results of the Palm and Nipomo Streets Parking Lot Construction Cultural Resource Monitoring. Letter report submitted to Barbara Lynch, Engineer, City of San Luis Obispo 1999 Addendum: Results of the Palm and Nipomo Streets Parking Lot Construction Cultural Resource Monitoring. Letter report submitted to Barbara Lynch, Engineer, City of San Luis Obispo 2003 Cultural Resource Inventory: Downtown Water and Sewer Projects 2004, City of San Luis Obispo, CA. Bertrando and Bertrando Research Consultants, San Luis Obispo, California. Prepared for City of San Luis Obispo Public Works Department, San Luis Obispo, California. Bertrando, Ethan, and Valerie A. Levulett (editors) 2004 Emerging from the Ice Age: Early Holocene Occupations on the Central California Coast, A Compilation of Research in Honor of Roberta Greenwood. San Luis Obispo County Archaeological Society Occasional Paper 17. San Luis Obispo, California. Blackburn, Thomas C. 1975 December’s Child: A Book of Chumash Oral Narratives. University of California Press, Berkeley. Breschini, Gary S., and Trudy Haversat 1982 California Radiocarbon Dates. Coyote Press, Salinas, California. Carter, George C. 1941 Archaeological Notes on a Midden at Point Sal. American Antiquity 6:214–226. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 75 38 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure City of San Luis Obispo 1983 Completion Report: Historic Resources Survey. 3 vols. Department of Community Development, San Luis Obispo, California. Curry, Elliot 1968 Streets and Lanes of Early San Luis Obispo. La Vista 1(1):13–19. San Luis Obispo County Historical Society. Cooper, Deguy 1875 Resources of San Luis Obispo County, California: Its Geography, Climate, Location, Soil, Productions, and Institutions. Bacon and Company Book and Job Printers, San Francisco. Engelhardt, (Father) Zephyrin 1933 Mission San Luis Obispo in the Valley of the Bears. Mission Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California. Erlandson, Jon M. 1994 Early Hunter-Gatherers of the California Coast. Plenum, New York. Fitzgerald, Richard T. 2000 Cross Creek: An Early Holocene/Millingstone Site. California State Water Project, Coast Branch Series, Paper Number 12. San Luis Obispo County Archaeological Society, San Luis Obispo, California. Gibson, Robert O. 1991 The Chumash. Chelsea House, New York and Philadelphia. 1995 Brief Notices. The Artifact 30:9–10. San Luis Obispo County Archaeological Society, San Luis Obispo, California. Glassow, Michael 1996 Purisimeño Chumash Prehistory: Maritime Adaptations along the Southern California Coast. Harcourt Brace College Publishers, San Diego, California. Glassow, Michael A., and Larry R. Wilcoxon 1988 Coastal Adaptations near Point Conception, California, with Particular Regard to Shellfish Exploitation. American Antiquity 53:36–51. Grant, Campbell 1993 The Rock Paintings of the Chumash. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History and EZ Nature Books, San Luis Obispo, California. Originally published 1965, University of California Press. Greenwood, Roberta S. 1972 9000 Years of Prehistory at Diablo Canyon, San Luis Obispo County, California . San Luis Obispo County Archaeological Society Occasional Paper No. 7. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 76 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure 39 1978 Obispeño and Purisimeño Chumash. In California, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 520–523. Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 8, William C. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Hudson, Travis, and Thomas C. Blackburn 1982–The Material Culture of the Chumash Interaction Sphere . 5 vols. Ballena Press, 1987 Los Altos/Menlo Park, California, and Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History, Santa Barbara, California. Hudson, Travis, Janice Timbrook, and Melissa Rempe (editors) 1978 Tomol: Chumash Watercraft as Described in the Ethnographic Notes of John P. Harrington.Ballena Press Anthropological Papers No. 9. Los Altos, California. Hudson, Travis, and Ernest Underhay 1978 Crystals in the Sky: An Intellectual Odyssey Involving Chumash Astronomy, Cosmology, and Rock Art. Ballena Press Anthropological Papers 10. Socorro, New Mexico. Johnson, John R. 1988 Chumash Social Organization: An Ethnohistoric Perspective . Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of California, Santa Barbara. Jones, Terry L., M. Kathleen Davis, Glenn Farris, Steven D. Grantham, Teresa W. Fung, and Betty Rivers 1994 Towards a Prehistory of Morro Bay: Phase II Archaeological Investigations for the Highway 41 Widening Project, San Luis Obispo County, California . Submitted to the California Department of Transportation, Environmental Branch, San Luis Obispo, California. Jones, Terry L., and Kathryn A. Klar (editors) 2007 California Prehistory: Colonization, Culture and Complexity. Altamira Press, Walnut Creek, California. Jones, Terry L., and Georgie Waugh 1995 Central California Coastal Prehistory: A View from Little Pico Creek. In Perspectives in California Archaeology, vol. 3, edited by Jeanne Arnold. Institute of Archaeology, University of California, Los Angeles, California. King, Chester D. 1990 Evolution of Chumash Society: A Comparative Study of Artifacts Used for Social System Maintenance in the Santa Barbara Channel Region before A.D. 1804. The Evolution of North American Indians, edited by David Hurst Thomas. Garland, New York. Kocher, Paul H. 1972 Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa, 1772–1972: A Historical Sketch. Blake Printing & Publishing, San Luis Obispo, California. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 77 40 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure Krieger, Daniel E. 1988 Looking Backward into the Middle Kingdom: San Luis Obispo County. 1st ed. Windsor Publications, Northridge, California. Kroeber, Alfred L. 1976 Handbook of the Indians of California . Reprinted. Dover Publications, New York. Originally published 1925, Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Lebow, Clayton G., Douglas R. Harro, Rebecca L. McKim, and Carole Denardo 2001 Archaeological Excavations at CA-SBA-246, An Early Holocene Site on Vandenberg Air Force Base, Santa Barbara County, California. Applied EarthWorks, Inc., Fresno, California, for Tetra Tech, Inc., Santa Barbara, California. Submitted to 30 CES/CEV, Vandenberg Air Force Base, California, USAF Contract No. F04684- 95-C-0045. McKeen, Rose 1988 Parade along the Creek: San Luis Obispo Memories of the 1920s through ‘60s. Blake Printery, San Luis Obispo, California. Mikkelsen, Patricia, William Hildebrandt, and Deborah Jones 2000 Prehistoric Adaptations on the Shores of Morro Bay Estuary: Excavations at Site CA-SLO-165, Morro Bay, California. San Luis Obispo County Archaeological Society Occasional Paper No. 14. San Luis Obispo, California. Miller, Henry 1856 Account of a Tour of the California Missions. Book Club of America, San Francisco. Reprinted 1985, in Mission in the Valley of the Bears, compiled and edited by Francis J. Weber, pp. 40–41. Libra Press, Hong Kong. Mills, William, Michael Rondeau, and Terry L. Jones 2005 A Fluted Projectile Point from Nipomo, San Luis Obispo County, California. Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology 25: 68–74. Mission San Luis Obispo 1937 Mission brochure. Reprinted 1985, in Mission in the Valley of the Bears, compiled and edited by Francis J. Weber, pp. 162–163. Libra Press, Hong Kong. Mitchell, Grace Therese 1930 The Story of Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa in the Valley of the Bears. San Miguel, California. Reprinted 1985, in Mission in the Valley of the Bears, compiled and edited by Francis J. Weber, pp. 124–136. Libra Press, Hong Kong. Monitor, The 1938 Story of the Old Mission. Reprinted 1985, in Mission in the Valley of the Bears, pp. 165–166, compiled and edited by Francis J. Weber. Libra Press, Hong Kong. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 78 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure 41 Moratto, Michael J. 1984 California Archaeology. Academic Press, New York and London. Palmer, Kevin (Lex), Keith Warren, and Barry A. Price 2001 Cultural Resources Inventory for the San Luis Obispo County Administration Building, San Luis Obispo, California. Applied EarthWorks, Inc., Fresno, California. Submitted to Morro Group, Inc., San Luis Obispo, California. Palóu, Francisco 1926 Historical Memoirs of New California by Fray Francisco Palóu, O.F.M. Translated and edited from the Archives of Mexico by Herbert Eugene Bolton. Atheneum House, Boston. Parker, John 2002 Archaeological Site Record for CA-SLO-2206H. Record on file, Central Coast Information Center, University of California, Santa Barbara. 2005 The Geo-Political Landscape of the Late Prehistoric Chumas h. Paper presented at the 39th Annual Meeting of the Society for California Archaeology, Sacramento. Paulson, Luther L. 1875 Hand-book and Directory of San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Ventura, Kern, San Bernardino, Los Angeles, & San Diego Counties. Francis & Valentine Commercial Steam Press, San Francisco, California. Rincon Consultants, Inc. 2010 Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure Project—Draft Existing Conditions Analysis. Memorandum to Michelle Wendler, Watry Design, Inc. from Richard Dalton, Rincon Associates, San Luis Obispo, California. Rowe, R. 2003 Archaeological Site Record for CA-SLO-2341H. On file, Central Coast Information Center, University of California, Santa Barbara. Singer, C. 1998 Archaeological Site Record for CA-SLO-2341/H. On file, Central Coast Information Center, University of California, Santa Barbara. Tognazzini, Wilmar N. (compiler) 1993 100 Years Ago, 1893: Excerpts from the San Luis Obispo Morning Tribune. W. N. Tognazzini, San Luis Obispo, California. Tritenbach, Paul 1989 San Luis Obispo Discoveries. Excellence Press, San Luis Obispo, California. Webb, Edith B. 1952 Indian Life at the Old Missions . W. F. Lewis, Los Angeles. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 79 42 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure Woodman, Craig F., James L. Rudolph, and Teresa P. Rudolph 1991 Western Chumash Prehistory: Resource Use and Settlement in the Santa Ynez River Valley. Science Applications International Corporation, Santa Barbara, California. Prepared for the Unocal Corporation. Submitted to U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Los Angeles District. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 80 APPENDIX A Personnel Qualifications ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 81 APPENDIX B Records Search Results ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 82 ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 83 ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 84 ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 85 ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 86 ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 87 APPENDIX C Cultural Resource Records ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 88 DPR 523A (1/95)Primary-photo.doc [6-17-09] State of California — The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial NRHP Status Code Other Listings Review Code Reviewer Date Page 1 of 4 Resource Name or #: 633 and 633½ Palm Street P1. Other Identifier: *P2. Location: a. County: San Luis Obispo Not for Publication Unrestricted b. USGS 7.5 Quad: San Luis Obispo, CA Date 1965, Photorevised 1979 T 30S, R 12E; Section 26 c.Address: 633 and 633½ Palm Street, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 B.M. d.UTM:NAD , Zone ;mE / mN e.Other Locational Data: APN 002-412-003 *P3a. Description: The wood constructed building rests on a concrete foundation with a rectangular footprint. The walls are clad with slender wood boards. The medium-pitched gable-front roof is covered with composition shingles and the eaves are open. Wood slat vents are present in the gable peak. Three steps lead to the concrete stoop that is shaded by the dropped, gable-front porch. Fenestration includes transomed wood sash windows on the north facade, wood sash windows on the east and west facades, and a wood framed glass door at the main entrance. A concrete driveway leads to the building at the rear of the property, 633½ Palm Street. The two-story wood constructed building rests on a concrete foundation with a rectangular footprint and presents a front overhang. The walls are clad with wide beveled wood boards on most of the north facade and plaster on all remaining facades. The gable roof is covered with composition shingles and the eaves are open. Rectangular vents are present in the gable end. Wood sash windows are mixed with newer metal windows and large multiple-paned fixed windows. Wood constructed stairs leading to the second story landing are shaded by a dropped gable roof. *P3b. Resource Attributes:HP3 Multiple family property *P4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other: *P5a. Photograph P5b. Description of Photo: View looking south at the north facade. *P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources: 1928, 1947 City Building Permits Prehistoric Historic Both *P7. Owner and Address: City of San Luis Obispo 990 Palm Street San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 *P8. Recorded By: Aubrie Morlet Applied EarthWorks, Inc. 1391 W. Shaw Ave., Suite C Fresno, CA 93711 *P9. Date Recorded: January 21, 2011 *P10. Survey Type: Intensive Reconnaissance Other Describe: *P11. Report Citation: Price, Barry A., Keith Warren, Aubrie Morlet, and Damon M. Haydu 2011 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure, San Luis Obispo, California. Applied EarthWorks, Inc., San Luis Obispo, California. Submitted to City of San Luis Obispo Department of Public Works, San Luis Obispo, California. *Attachments: NONE Location Map Site/Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record and Object Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record Artifact Record Photograph Record Other (list): ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 89 State of California — The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #/Trinomial CONTINUATION SHEET Page 2 of 4 Resource Name or #: 633 and 633½ Palm Street Continuation Update DPR 523A (1/95)Primary-photo.doc [6-5-07] P5c. Description of Photo: View looking southeast at the north and west facades of 633½ Palm Street and west facade of 633 Palm Street. P5d. Description of Photo: View looking north at the west and south facades of 633½ Palm Street. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 90 State of California — The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #/Trinomial BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD *NRHP Status Code Page 3 of 4 Resource Name or #: 633 and 633½ Palm Street DPR 523B (1/95) *Required Information B1. Historic Name: B2. Common Name: B3. Original Use: Single family residences B4. Present Use: Multiple family residence at 633½ *B5. Architectural Style: Craftsman, Vernacular *B6. Construction History (construction date, alterations, and dates of alterations): According to the building permit, construction on 633 Palm Street was begun in December 1927. This building does not appear significantly altered. A building permit was filed for the construction of 633½ Palm Street in December 1947. The building is described as a residence with garage. Based on visual inspection, it appears that the first story of the building was a garage for both buildings and the living space was on the second story. At an unknown time, the first story was converted into living space with a small storage area concealed by wood board doors on the west end. A permit was filed in May 1956 for unspecified alterations and repairs. Based on materials utilized, it is possible that the first story conversion occurred at that time. In 2003, 633 Palm was re-roofed. *B7. Moved?: No Yes Unknown Date:Original Location: *B8. Related Features: B9. a. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: James Jepson, 633; unknown 633½ *B10. Significance:Theme:Area: Period of Significance:Property Type: Applicable Criteria: (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.) The subject property is located in Block 9, Lot 3 of the 1870 Harris and Ward Map of the Town of San Luis Obispo. At that time, S. A. Pollard is listed as the owner and the lot stretched from Monterey Street to Palm Street. Pollard listed on the Petition to Grant (land) that he had settled the property in 1868 and valued land improvements at $2000. The 1874 Map of San Luis Obispo County by R.R. Harris illustrated that Judge McDowell K. Venable (San Luis Obispo County Judge from 1871-1879) owned lot 3. The 1886 Sanborn map illustrates a hipped roof dwelling with full width front porch fronting Monterey Street and an outhouse located to the north of the dwelling. A few ancillary buildings come and go but by 1903 only the dwelling is present on the lot. Ownership is unknown between 1874 and 1923 but the 1910 Census indicated that the dwelling was rented to William Walter and family. In May 1923, Percy L. Tonks owns the property. Tonks, born on December 1, 1886, was living in the Women’s Relief Society’s Orphanage in Oakland California during the 1900 Census. After serving five years in the U.S. Navy, Tonks took several odd jobs working in Los Angeles (1916), Avila (1917), and San Luis Obispo (1920). From 1920 to 1924, Tonks worked as a hotel porter at the Hotel Andrews at 955 Monterey Street. Upon purchasing the subject property, Tonks constructs residential buildings in 1923, 1927, and 1928. It is unknown how long Tonks owned the property. The last residential building was constructed in 1947; the original building permit is missing. The buildings at 630-632 and 630½ Monterey Street were demolished in 1977. All of the buildings, included those at 633 and 633½ Palm Street have had many residents over the years. None of which appears to have played a significant role in the history or development of San Luis Obispo. The buildings are of a common construction type for its function and the This space reserved for official comments. 002-412-003 ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 91 State of California — The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #/Trinomial BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD *NRHP Status Code Page 4 of 4 Resource Name or #: 633 and 633½ Palm Street DPR 523B (1/95) *Required Information period in which it was built. No significant historical events appear to have taken place on the property. Therefore, the subject property does not meet any of the eligibility criteria for listing as a Master List property for the City of San Luis Obispo nor does it appear to be eligible for the CRHR. The above map is from the 1950 Sanborn map, update from the 1926 Sanborn Map. Lot 3 is illustrated with 633, 633½ Palm and 630, 632, 630½ Monterey Street. This map reflects all of the buildings that once stood on the property. The majority of the lot is now utilized for parking with only 633 and 633½ Palm Street remaining. B11. Additional Resource Attributes (list attributes and codes): *B12. References: Applications for San Luis Obispo Building Permits (1906–1937), MS034, Special Collections, Robert E. Kennedy Library, Calpoly; City of San Luis Obispo Building Permits; City of San Luis Obispo Community Development Files on Historical Properties; US Census Records and Index to Registration Affidavits; City Directories, History Room, San Luis Obispo City-County Library. B13. Remarks: *B14. Evaluator: Aubrie Morlet Applied EarthWorks, Inc. 1391 W. Shaw Ave., Suite C Fresno, CA 93711 Date of Evaluation: January 2011 ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 92 DPR 523A (1/95)Primary-photo.doc [6-17-09] State of California — The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial NRHP Status Code Other Listings Review Code Reviewer Date Page 1 of 4 Resource Name or #:610 Monterey Street P1. Other Identifier: *P2. Location: a. County: San Luis Obispo Not for Publication Unrestricted b. USGS 7.5 Quad: San Luis Obispo, CA Date 1965, Photorevised 1979 T 30S, R 12E; Section 35 c.Address: 610 Monterey Street, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 B.M. d.UTM:NAD , Zone ;mE / mN e.Other Locational Data: APN 002-412-011 *P3a. Description: The wood-constructed building rests on a concrete foundation with an irregular footprint. The walls are clad with plaster. The low-pitched cross-hipped roof is covered with composition shingles and the eaves are boxed. Fenestration includes a bay window on the south and west facades, wood sash windows, metal sliding windows on the northwest corner, and a solid wood door on the south facade. Two chimneys are present on the west facade; a tapered chimney is attached on the south end and a square chimney pierces the roof slope. A two car garage is located to the north of the dwelling with a concrete drive leading to Nipomo Street. The garage is clad with plaster and the hipped roof is covered with composition shingles. Two single wood doors open into the garage. *P3b. Resource Attributes:HP2 Single-family property *P4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other: *P5a. Photograph P5b. Description of Photo: View looking northwest at the south facade. *P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources: 1937 San Luis Obispo County Assessor’s Office Prehistoric Historic Both *P7. Owner and Address: City of San Luis Obispo 990 Palm Street San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 *P8. Recorded By: Aubrie Morlet Applied EarthWorks, Inc. 1391 W. Shaw Ave., Suite C Fresno, CA 93711 *P9. Date Recorded: January 21, 2011 *P10. Survey Type: Intensive Reconnaissance Other Describe: *P11. Report Citation: Price, Barry A., Keith Warren, Aubrie Morlet, and Damon M. Haydu 2011 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure, San Luis Obispo, California. Applied EarthWorks, Inc., San Luis Obispo, California. Submitted to City of San Luis Obispo Department of Public Works, San Luis Obispo, California. *Attachments: NONE Location Map Site/Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record and Object Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record Artifact Record Photograph Record Other (list): ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 93 State of California — The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #/Trinomial CONTINUATION SHEET Page 2 of 4 Resource Name or #: 610 Monterey Street Continuation Update DPR 523A (1/95)Primary-photo.doc [6-5-07] P5c. Description of Photo: View looking east at the west facade along Nipomo Street. P5d. Description of Photo: View looking southeast at the north and west facade of the detached garage. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 94 State of California — The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #/Trinomial BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD *NRHP Status Code Page 3 of 4 Resource Name or #: 610 Monterey Street DPR 523B (1/95) *Required Information B1. Historic Name: B2. Common Name: B3. Original Use: Single-family residence B4. Present Use: Same *B5. Architectural Style: Vernacular *B6. Construction History (construction date, alterations, and dates of alterations): According to the San Luis Obispo County Assessor’s Office, the building was constructed in 1937. City directories do not list the property prior to 1938. A building permit was issued October 3, 1957 to roof the existing porch. No original building permit was located. Upon property survey, it appears that a single metal sliding window at the rear of the west facade was either replaced or added at an unknown time. No other alterations are visible. *B7. Moved?: No Yes Unknown Date:Original Location: *B8. Related Features: A detached garage is located north of the residential building. B9. a. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Unknown *B10. Significance:Theme:Area: Period of Significance:Property Type: Applicable Criteria: (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.) The subject property is located in Block 9, Lot 2 of the 1870 Harris and Ward Map of the Town of San Luis Obispo. At that time, Roberto Villa is listed as the owner. According to the Petition to Grant filed on July 19, 1870 Villa settled the land in 1855 and valued land improvements at $200. The 1874 Map of San Luis Obispo County by R.R. Harris illustrates that Villa subdivided his lot into two; selling the parcel adjacent to Nipomo Street to Judge McDowell K Venable (also owned lot 3) and retaining for himself the inside lot. The 1886 Sanborn map illustrates a single dwelling with a full-width front porch and bay window on the west facade. This building was demolished after 1930. The building currently on site was constructed in 1937 or 1938. No building permit was located but the city directories listed Kline J Williams as the homeowner from 1938 to at least 1975. The Index to Registration Affidavits for the San Luis Obispo No. 9 Precinct General Election state that Williams is a Creamery Worker. Although William’s employer is unknown, the Harmony Valley Creamery Association opened a processing plant on the corner of Nipomo and Dana Streets in 1930, across the street from the subject property. (continued on page 4) B11. Additional Resource Attributes (list attributes and codes): *B12. References: City of San Luis Obispo Building Permits; City of San Luis Obispo Community Development Files on Historical Properties; US Census Records and Index to Registration Affidavits; City Directories, History Room, San Luis Obispo City-County Library. B13. Remarks: *B14. Evaluator: Aubrie Morlet Applied EarthWorks, Inc. 1391 W. Shaw Ave., Suite C Fresno, CA 93711 Date of Evaluation: May 2011 This space reserved for official comments. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 95 State of California — The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #/Trinomial BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD *NRHP Status Code Page 4 of 4 Resource Name or #: 610 Monterey Street DPR 523B (1/95) *Required Information *B10. Significance: (continued from page 3) The property does not appear to be associated with events and individuals significant in the history or development of San Luis Obispo. The building is vernacular in style and does not display a relative purity of a traditional style, a rarity of existence, or uniqueness of style nor does it possess an aesthetic appeal or artistic merit in its design. Therefore, the property does not meet any of the eligibility criteria for individual listing as a Master List property for the City of San Luis Obispo nor does it appear to be eligible for the CRHR. This property is listed as a contributor to the Downtown Historic Preservation District and is therefore considered a historical resource for the purposes of CEQA. The above maps are from the 1926 Sanborn and the updated 1950 Sanborn map. The divided Lot 2 includes the subject property labeled 610 Monterey. The 1926 image illustrates the building constructed prior to 1886. The 1950 updated map illustrates the new building facing Monterey Street and the garage facing Nipomo Street. 19501926 ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 96 DPR 523A (1/95)Primary-photo.doc [6-17-09] State of California — The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI # PRIMARY RECORD Trinomial NRHP Status Code Other Listings Review Code Reviewer Date Page 1 of 4 Resource Name or #:614 Monterey Street (Heyd Property) P1. Other Identifier: *P2. Location: a. County: San Luis Obispo Not for Publication Unrestricted b. USGS 7.5 Quad: San Luis Obispo, CA Date 1965, Photorevised 1979 T 30S, R 12E; Section 35 c. Address: 614 Monterey Street, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 B.M. d. UTM:NAD , Zone ; mE / mN e. Other Locational Data: APN 002-412-012 *P3a. Description: The abode brick constructed building rests on a concrete foundation with an irregular footprint. The walls 12 inches thick and the exterior is painted. The low-pitched cross-hipped roof is covered with wood shingles and the eaves are close. Fenestration includes recessed wood sash windows on all facades and a solid wood door on the south facade. The two front windows on either side of the south facade door are square in shape while the windows on the east and west facades are rectangular. Two chimneys are present; a tapered chimney is attached on the southeast corner and a rectangular chimney pierces the roof ridge near the cross joint. A single car width garage is attached to the north facade east side. This wood constructed addition is clad with stucco. A single wood sash window is present on the north facade of the garage. *P3b. Resource Attributes:HP2 Single-family property *P4. Resources Present: Building Structure Object Site District Element of District Other: *P5a. Photograph P5b. Description of Photo: View looking northwest at the south facade. *P6. Date Constructed/Age and Sources: c. 1935, 1939 San Luis Obispo County Assessor’s Office Prehistoric Historic Both *P7. Owner and Address: City of San Luis Obispo 990 Palm Street San Luis Obispo, CA 93401 *P8. Recorded By: Aubrie Morlet Applied EarthWorks, Inc. 1391 W. Shaw Ave., Suite C Fresno, CA 93711 *P9. Date Recorded: January 21, 2011 *P10. Survey Type: Intensive Reconnaissance Other Describe: *P11. Report Citation: Price, Barry A., Keith Warren, Aubrie Morlet, and Damon M. Haydu 2011 Cultural Resources Inventory for the Palm-Nipomo Parking Structure, San Luis Obispo, California. Applied EarthWorks, Inc., San Luis Obispo, California. Submitted to City of San Luis Obispo Department of Public Works, San Luis Obispo, California. *Attachments: NONE Location Map Site/Sketch Map Continuation Sheet Building, Structure, Archaeological Record District Record Linear Feature Record and Object Record Milling Station Record Rock Art Record Artifact Record Photograph Record Other (list): ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 97 State of California — The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #/Trinomial CONTINUATION SHEET Page 2 of 4 Resource Name or #: 614 Monterey Street (Heyd Property) Continuation Update DPR 523A (1/95)Primary-photo.doc [6-5-07] P5c. Description of Photo: View looking northeast at the west and south facades. P5d. Description of Photo: View looking southwest at the north facade and backyard. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 98 State of California — The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #/Trinomial BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD *NRHP Status Code Page 3 of 4 Resource Name or #: 614 Monterey Street (Heyd Property) DPR 523B (1/95) *Required Information B1. Historic Name: B2. Common Name: B3. Original Use: Single-family residence B4. Present Use: Same *B5. Architectural Style: Vernacular, Mission influence *B6. Construction History (construction date, alterations, and dates of alterations): According to the San Luis Obispo County Assessor’s Office, the building was constructed in 1939 although the owners are residing at the property in 1936. No original building permit or subsequent permits were located. The property does appear to have an attached garage addition completed before 1950. No other alterations are visible. *B7. Moved?: No Yes Unknown Date:Original Location: *B8. Related Features: None B9. a. Architect: Unknown b. Builder: Unknown *B10. Significance:Theme: Continuation of Mission Influenced Architecture Area: San Luis Obispo, CA Period of Significance: 1935–1939 Property Type: Dwelling Applicable Criteria: SLO A(1)b (Discuss importance in terms of historical or architectural context as defined by theme, period, and geographic scope. Also address integrity.) The subject property is located in Block 9, Lot 2 of the 1870 Harris and Ward Map of the Town of San Luis Obispo. At that time, Roberto Villa is listed as the owner. According to the Petition to Grant filed on July 19, 1870 Villa settled the land in 1855 and valued land improvements at $200. The 1874 Map of San Luis Obispo County by R.R. Harris illustrates that Villa subdivided his lot into two; selling the parcel adjacent to Nipomo Street to Judge McDowell K Venable (also owned lot 3) and retaining for himself the inside lot at 614 Monterey. The 1886 Sanborn map illustrates a single dwelling with a full-width front porch. In the 1910 U.S. Census, Louis and Elizabeth Heyd are registered as the owners and occupants of the property. Louis Heyd Sr., a tailor by trade, resided at the property until his death in 1917. Elizabeth De Folque Heyd, a nurse after her children were grown, resided at the property until her death in 1933. This building was demolished after 1933. According to the County Assessors Office the building currently on site was constructed in 1939, although Heyd’s son and family are residing on the property as early as 1936. It is possible that the building was constructed as early as 1935.(continued on page 4). B11. Additional Resource Attributes (list attributes and codes): *B12. References: City of San Luis Obispo Building Permits; City of San Luis Obispo Community Development Files on Historical Properties; US Census Records and Index to Registration Affidavits; City Directories, History Room, San Luis Obispo City-County Library. B13. Remarks: *B14. Evaluator: Aubrie Morlet Applied EarthWorks, Inc. 1391 W. Shaw Ave., Suite C Fresno, CA 93711 Date of Evaluation: June 2011 This space reserved for official comments. ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 99 State of California — The Resources Agency Primary # DEPARTMENT OF PARKS AND RECREATION HRI #/Trinomial BUILDING, STRUCTURE, AND OBJECT RECORD *NRHP Status Code Page 4 of 4 Resource Name or #: 614 Monterey Street (Heyd Property) DPR 523B (1/95) *Required Information *B10. Significance: (continued from page 3) No building permit was located but the city directories listed Louis and Lucy Heyd as the residents and homeowners from 1936 to at least 1975. The 1934 City Directory states that Louis Heyd is a Stationary Engineer for the Union Oil Company. The property does not appear to be associated with events and individuals significant in the history or development of San Luis Obispo. Although the building is vernacular in style, it does appear to be a rare architectural example within the City of San Luis Obispo. The building was constructed soon after the renovation of the Mission San Luis Obispo de Tolosa. The renovation returned the Mission buildings to their original appearance including the revealing of the adobe walls. It is possible that the building at 614 Monterey Street, located seven parcels away from the Mission, was constructed of adobe in an effort to continue the theme of the mission architecture. The 1930s abode dwelling appears to be a rarity of existence in the City of San Luis Obispo and is the only abode of its time period within the Downtown Historic District. Although the property does not appear to be individually eligible for the CRHR, the property does appear to meet the eligibility criteria for individual listing as a Master List property for the City of San Luis Obispo under criterion A(1)b. This property is also listed as a contributor to the Downtown Historic Preservation District and is therefore considered a historical resource for the purposes of CEQA. The above maps are from the 1926 Sanborn and the updated 1950 Sanborn map. The 1926 image illustrates the building constructed prior to 1886. The 1950 updated map illustrates the new building facing Monterey Street. The darkened area indicates the brick construction while the other buildings are wood framed. 1926 1950 ATTACHMENT 2 CHC1 - 100