HomeMy WebLinkAbout06/11/2002, 2 - 2002 WATER RESOURCES STATUS REPORT 1
council June 1.1 2002
j aGEnaa RepoRt 2" �`
CITY OF SAN LUIS OBISPO
FROM: John Moss, Utilities Director
Prepared By: Gary W. Henderson, Water Division Manager
SUBJECT: 2002 WATER RESOURCES STATUS REPORT
CAO RECOMMENDATION
1.) Receive and file report.
2.) Conceptually endorse the development of a Master Plan for the Water Reuse Project and
direct staff to pursue grant funding which may be available from the State.
3.) Direct staff to prepare a more detailed evaluation of additional water conservation
programs for potential inclusion in the 2003/05 Financial Plan.
4.) Approve the recommended prioritization of water supply projects as identified in Table
10 of the 2002 Water Resources Status Report.
DISCUSSION
The purpose of the annual "Water Resources Status Report" (WRSR) is to provide an overview of
various aspects of the City's water resources. The attached report discusses five major topics: 1.)
Existing Water Supply Status, 2.) Multi-Source Water Supply Projects, 3.) Water Conservation
Program, 4.) Water Supply Strategies to Meet Future Needs, and 5.) Projected Water Supply
Situation.
Report.Summary
Existing Water supply status
The rainfall for 2001/02 was well below normal for both reservoirs. With the limited rainfall, little
water was added to storage at Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs but available water storage is still
good based on past years normal rainfall amounts. The City's combined total water storage; above
minimum pool, in Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs is 33,572 acre feet (as of May 1, 2002)
which is 78% of the maximum City available storage. Groundwater production for 2001 was 247
acre feet.
The City's per capita water demand has increased from the low drought period (1991) use of 86
gallons per capita per day (gpcd) to 119 gpcd for 2001. This past year's use was below the 1997
use rate of 132 gpcd (which was the high since the end of mandatory conservation) and last year's
rate of 124 gpcd (see Table 3, page 2 of WRSR). It should be noted that the 119 figure is not the
amount that an average resident in the city used in 2001. The basis of the number is the total
water pumped into the water system divided by the current city population.
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Water Available for Development
The policies in the Water Management Element to the General Plan determine the water available
for new development. The policies use a planning figure of 145 gpcd times the current population
to determine the present demand. This figure is then subtracted from the City's adopted safe annual
yield to determine water available for development as shown in the table below.
Table 1: Water Available for Development
Year Population Present Water Safe Annual Water Available
Demand Yield 1 for Allocation
@ 145 gped
2002 44,426 7,216 a.f. 1,520 a.f. 304 a.f.
1 From Water Management Element,Table 1: includes reductions due to siltation to date
Per Water Management Element Policy 8.1.3, one-half of the water available for allocation will be
reserved to serve intensification and infill development within existing City limits as of July 1994.
Therefore, 152 acre feet is available for infill and intensification and 152 acre feet is available to
serve new annexation areas outside the July 1994 City limits. Note: The policy relative to the
reserved water for infill and intensification is currently being considered by the Planning
Commission for possible modification. The above figures are based on the current policy as
adopted by Council.
Multi-Source Water Supply Projects
One of the major goals of the Council is the pursuit of additional long term water supplies to meet
the current and future water demands of the community. The City is currently pursuing the Water
Reuse Project, additional groundwater resources, increased water conservation strategies,joint use
of the City of Morro Bay's desalination facility, the Nacimiento Pipeline Project, and the Salinas
Reservoir Expansion Project to meet these needs. The Water Reuse Project has the potential to be
accomplished in the shortest time frame, with a projected water deliveries beginning in 2004.
The potential for increasing groundwater withdrawal is currently being explored. Results of well
siting and test well production will be presented to Council later this year and recommendations for
expanding groundwater production while minimizing potential environmental impacts will be
brought forward for approval by Council.
The potential for increasing water conservation efforts is presented in Section III of the 2002
WRSR. Following Council direction, staff will undertake a more detailed evaluation of the
identified programs to refine the potential water savings,reliability of the measures, and the costs to
implement each program. The results of the evaluation will be presented to Council in early 2003
for inclusion of the recommended programs in the 2003/05 Financial Plan.
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The potential for the joint use of the City of Morro Bay's desalination facility by the City of San
Luis Obispo was presented to Council on February 19, 2002. Based on the two different, yet
complimentary, needs for water resources for Morro Bay and San Luis Obispo, there may be the
opportunity to work together to meet both agencies needs in a cost effective manner.
The Nacimiento Pipeline Project is being administered by the County of San Luis Obispo and has
been under review for over 7 years. The revised environmental impact report is currently being
completed to evaluate the impacts associated with the project and the revise alignment of the
pipeline. The revised draft EIR is scheduled for release for public comment in fall 2002 and
certification by the County Board of Supervisors in early 2003..
The City of San Luis Obispo has been pursuing the Salinas Reservoir Expansion Project for over 10
years. This past year, work associated with the project involved two key areas: additional
downstream fisheries (i.e. steelhead) studies and seismic review of the dam with the spillway gates
installed The downstream studies were completed and no steelhead were identified in the Salinas
River from the dam to Highway 58. In addition, limited habitat, stream migration barriers and
unsuitable summer conditions limit the use of the section of river for steelhead spawning, rearing
and migration.
The analysis of the seismic safety of the Salinas Dam with the spillway gates installed was prepared
by URS Corporation and presented to Council on July 18, 2000. The analysis revealed that
significant strengthening of the dam would be required if the gates were installed. Based on the
significant costs associated with the strengthening, Council directed staff to undertake a technical
peer review of the report to validate the conclusions. The peer review was completed by the Bureau
of Reclamation and they agreed with the conclusion that major structural strengthening would be
required to meet current design standards if the gates were installed.
Water Conservation
The Utilities Conservation Office continues to implement the Best Management Practices (BMPs)
established by the California Urban Water Conservation Council. The following is a brief summary
of the three key components of the program,which are further detailed in the WRSR.
1. Water Hardware Retrofit
Replacing higher water using plumbing fixtures such as toilets and showerheads has been the
number one priority of the Water Conservation Program because of the associated water saving
potential. During the calendar year of 2001, approximately 2,600 toilets were replaced. This
represents an annual estimated water savings of approximately 185 acre feet..
The Water Use Offset Program has been largely responsible for the number of toilets that have
been replaced to date. Due to the fact that the majority of the toilets throughout the city have
been retrofitted with low flow fixtures, the requirement to retrofit as a condition of development
was eliminated effective January 1, 2002.
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2. Technical Assistance
The Utilities Conservation Office provides technical assistance to water customers via free
indoor and outdoor water audits. The audits include indoor and outdoor leak detection services,
irrigation system evaluations, landscape plant material information and other information on how
to use water efficiently. Conservation staff performed approximately 450 water audits this past
year.
3. Public Information and Education
This is a multi-faceted component which uses free printed information, paid advertising (Sammy
the Soaring Steelhead), public service announcements, workshops, newsletters and an in-school
education program to inform and educate the community.
4. New Water Conservation Programs
Staff has identified four additional or expanded programs that may provide additional water
conservation in the future. The,potential programs are: expanded irrigation efficiency, remaining
toilet retrofits, expanded commercial efficiency, and drought tolerant plant material awareness.
Based on Council direction, staff will prepare a more detailed evaluation of the potential programs
to refine estimated water savings,reliability of measures, and associated costs.
Water Supply Strategy to Meet Future Needs
The City is currently pursuing six potential water supply projects to meet future water demands at
General Plan build-out. Based on the information that is currently available on the multiple
projects being pursued and the .timing and costs associated with each project, staff would
recommend the following prioritization of the projects to meet our future needs.
1. Water Reuse Project
2. Additional Groundwater Resources
3. Additional Water Conservation Programs
4. Joint Use of the City of Morro Bay's Desalination Facility
5. Nacimiento Pipeline Project
6. Salinas Reservoir Expansion Project
Projected Water Supply Situation
The City utilizes a computer program to project how long the City's available water supplies would
last based on a number of assumptions. The model uses historical drought weather patterns,
projected water demands, etc.,to forecast the City's water supply position and to make certain water
policy recommendations. The model predicts current water supplies would last until July of 2008 if
the City was to enter into a drought period with conditions comparable to those experienced in the
1986-91 drought(see Figure 4 of the WRSR).
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FISCAL UVIPACT
There is no fiscal impact associated with the recommended action. Any fiscal impacts associated
with the pursuit of additional water supply projects or additional conservation measures have been
or will be addressed through the City's Financial Plan processes.
Attachment: 2002 Water Resources Status Report
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ATTACHMENT I
City of San Luis Obispo
2002 Water Resources Status Report
June 2002
Prepared by:
Gary Henderson, Water Division Manager
Ron Munds, Utilities Conservation Coordinator
Dan Gilmore, Utilities Engineer
Dave Pierce, Water Projects Manager
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Contents
I. Existing Water Supplies 1
Current Status 1
Water Consumption 2
Water Available for Development 3
R. Multi-Source Water Supply Projects 3
Water Reuse 4
Additional Groundwater Resources 5
Joint Use of Morro Bay Desalination Facility 6
Nacimiento Pipeline Project 8
Salinas Reservoir Expansion Project 9
III. Water Conservation Program 10
Water Hardware Retrofitting Summary 11
Technical Assistance 11
Public Information &Education 12
New Water Conservation Programs 12
Future Water Conservation Programs 13
IV. Water Supply Strategy to Meet Future Needs 14
V. Projected Water Supply Situation 16
Reservoir Storage Curve 16
VI. Summary 16
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City of San Luis Obispo
2002 Water Resources Status Report
The Utilities Department of the City of San Luis Obispo prepares the Water Resource Status
Report to provide the City Council and interested members of the community an annual update
of the status of existing water resources as well as water supply projects being pursued to meet
the community's needs. The report covers five main areas: 1.) Existing Water Supply Status, 2.)
Multi-Source Water Supply Projects, 3.) Water Conservation Program, 4.) Water Supply
Strategy to Meet Future Needs, and 5.) Projected Water Supply Situation. The report provides
an opportunity to evaluate the existing water supply situation for the City, identify the amount of
water currently available to serve new development, and discuss issues relative to existing
policies and water projects being pursued.
I. EXISTING WATER SUPPLIES
The City of San Luis Obispo utilizes three sources of water supply to meet the community water
demand: Santa Margarita Lake (also referred to as Salinas Reservoir), Whale Rock Reservoir,
and groundwater. The adopted safe annual yield from these three sources for 2002 is 7,520 acre
feet (af). The actual total city-wide water use for 2002 was 5,886 af.
Current Status
This past year's rainfall (October through March) was well below normal for both reservoirs as
shown in Table 1. With the Table 1: Reservoir Rainfall
limited rainfall, the "live
stream" condition for Salinas Whale Rock Reservoir Salinas Reservoir_
Reservoir was never achieved Average Average
and therefore no water was 2001/2002 (1962-2002) 2001/2002 1944-2002)
added to storage at the lake. 11.45" 19.86" 12.37" 21.05"
Even with the low rainfall, -
Salinas and Whale Rock Reservoirs are at approximately 65% and 90% of total capacity
respectively.
For the calendar year of 2001, the water demand for the City of San Luis Obispo was provided
from the three available sources as shown in Table 2. The total water demand for all City uses in
2001 was 5,886 of which was approximately 4% less than the total water use for 2000. The total
amount of City water use shown in Table 2 does not include domestic water delivered to Cal
Poly University which is accounted for from their available water supply from Whale Rock
Reservoir. As of May 1, 2002, the City's available water storage in Salinas Reservoir (above
minimum pool) was 14,447 acre feet. The City's share of the Whale Rock storage (above
minimum pool) was 19,125 acre feet. The combined water storage available to meet city water
needs was 33,572 acre feet.
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2002 Water Resources Status Report
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Table 2: Water Supply Sources Based on the available water
storage in both reservoirs,
Salinas Whale Rock Groundwater Total estimated groundwater
production and assuming the
- return of drought conditions as
3,579 of 2,060 of 247 of 5,886 of experienced during the late
1980s, the City has
approximately 6 years of
water supply, according to the computer storage model as shown in Figure 4 (figures are at end
of report). The model assumes that conservation measures are implemented when supplies are
estimated to last only three years. The various stages of conservation are indicated on Figure 4
and are discussed in more detail in the Water Shortage Contingency Plan which.is an Appendix
to the Urban Water Management Plan which was recently updated and adopted in April of 2001.
Water Consumption
As noted previously, the total City water use for 2001 was slightly lower than the use for 2000.
Table 3 shows the population estimates from 1990 through 2001 as well as the total City water
use and corresponding per capita use rate. Based on policies contained in the Water
Management Element of Table 3: Population Estimates Water Use & Rainfall
the General Plan,the
City has adopted a per Year Population Acre Feet Per Capita Rainfall
capita use rate of 145 1990 41,958 4,186 89 gpcd 13.60"
gallons per person per 1991 42,178 4,040 86 cd18.55"
day (gpcd) for projecting 1992 42,922 4,716 98 cd 22.14"
future water supply 1993 43,415 5,008 103 gpcd 30.90"
needs and determining 1994 43,919 5,200 106 gpcd 16.96
the availability of water 1995 41,295 5,574 121 gpcd 44.33"
for new development. 1996 41,404 51791 125 gpcd 24.06"
The 145 figure is not the 1997 41,807 6,220 133 gpcd 31.36"
amount that the average 1998 42,201 5,853 124 gpcd 43:54"
person uses but takes 1999 42,446 1 6,172 130 gpcd 16.34"
into account all water 2000 44,174 6,121 124 cd 24.97"
uses including 2001 44,218 5,886 119 cd 24.53"
residential, commercial,
1•Rainfall amounts for July through June from Cal Poly weather station
industrial, landscape,
etc. The city wide water use is monitored to insure that actual use remains below the adopted
planning figure so that the City does not exceed our available water resources.
While per capita use increased following the end of the drought up to 1997, the use appears to
have stabilized over the past several years. A number of factors can impact the per capita use
rate including, timing of yearly rainfall and the amount, population figure estimates from the
State which can fluctuate, and retrofitting that has been an ongoing requirement for new
development since 1989. It should be noted that new development has been required to retrofit
to not only offset their expected water use but at twice the estimated use (i.e. 2 to 1). The
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mandatory retrofit requirement was eliminated as of January 1, 2002 based on the fact that the
majority of existing toilets have been retrofit. With the elimination of the retrofit requirement,
the overall per capita use figure may tend to increase as new development occurs. Maintaining
per capita use rates in the 130 gpcd range may likely be achievable over the long term but
additional time should be provided to insure use will remain at these lower levels.
Water Available for Development
The policies in the Water Management Element of the General Plan determine the water available
for new development. Section 8.2.A. states "The City will make available to new development only
that amount of safe annual yield which exceeds present water use (policy 3.4)." Policy 3.4 and
related policies define present water use as the current population times the adopted per capita water
use rate (145 gallons per capita per day). Based on these policies,Table 4 below indicates the water
available to allocate to new development in 2002. The population figures are provided by the
California Department of Finance. The estimates provided recently by the State adjusted the
population estimate for 2001 from 44,613 to 44,218. This year's estimate of 44,426 represents an
approximate 0.5%population increase.
Table 4: Water Available for Development
Year Population Present Water Safe Annual Water Available
Demand Yield 1 for Allocation
@ 145 gpcd
2002 44,426 7,216 a_.f. 7,520 a.f. 304 a.f.
1 From Water Management Element,Table 1: includes reductions due to siltation to date
Per Water Management Element Policy 8.1.3, one-half of the water available for allocation will be
reserved to serve intensification and infill development within city limits existing as of July 1994.
Therefore, 152 acre feet is available to serve new annexation areas outside the July 1994 city limits
and 152 acre feet is reserved for infill and intensification projects.
11. MULTI-SOURCE WATER SUPPLY PROJECTS
Water Management Element Policy 7.1 identifies the strategy of developing multiple sources of
water supply as a basis for strengthening the security of the resources to meet the City's water
demand. The policy states that "The City shall continue to develop and use water resource projects
to maintain multi-source water supplies, and in this manner, reduce reliance on any one source of
water supply and increase its supply options in future droughts or other water supply emergencies."
Much like financial planning strategies, a diversified"portfolio" of water supplies will protect
against future uncertainties of anyone water source.
Based on the General Plan build-out population of 56,000 and the per capita water use rate of
145 gpcd, the projected demand at full build-out is 9,096 acre feet per year(afy). Table 5 shows
the water supply requirements based on the adopted policies with the exception of the reliability
reserve. On May 14, 2002, the Council directed staff to initiate an amendment to the Water
Management Element to delete the goal of acquiring a reliability reserve. Therefore, the number
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2002 Water Resources Status Report
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Table 5: Water Supply Requirements (acre feet)
for the reliability reserve in Table 5 is
shown as zero which assumes the policy Safe Annual Yield Required at Build-out 9,096
change is adopted by the City Council Current Safe Annual Yield(2002) 7,520
following Planning Commission review Additional Safe Annual Yield Required 1,576
and recommendation. Based on the -
elimination of the goal for the reliability Reliability Reserve 0
reserve,the additional supplemental Siltation(2001 to 2025) 230
water requirement to meet build-out is Total Water Supply Requirement 1,806
1,806 acre feet per year. 1.May 14,2002 Council direcdon to elivinate the goal for a reliability reserve.
To provide the required water resources to achieve our General Plan build-out goals, the City is
pursuing the Water Reuse Project, additional groundwater resources, increased water
conservation strategies (discussed in Section III of this report),joint use of the City of Morro
Bay's desalination facility, the Nacimiento Pipeline Project, and the Salinas Reservoir Expansion
Project. The following is a brief status report on each of these projects being considered to meet
the City's future water needs.
Water Reuse Proieet
In 2004, recycled water will flow to several parks, sports fields, and other landscaped areas.
Initially, approximately 120 acre-feet per year will offset potable water that has been used for
irrigation. The Water Reclamation Facility produces enough recycled water so that approximately
1,200 acre-feet per year could be delivered for irrigation in the future. The additional water will be
used to irrigate new developments, to mitigate surface water impacts that may result from increased
groundwater pumping, and to irrigate crops adjacent to the City in exchange for the groundwater
previously used for irrigation.
Recycled water will provide a reliable long-term source of water for the City. Since drought
conditions have very little impact on this source of supply, a dependable water supply can be
delivered to the parks, playgrounds and similar landscape areas served by the project even during
drought periods. Water Recycling became economical in 1994 after the City completed a $25
million upgrade of the Water Reclamation Facility (WRF) to comply with requirements for
discharge to San Luis Obispo Creek. The tertiary treatment required for discharge to the creek,
produces recycled water that can be used to irrigate parks, playgrounds, agricultural crops, and
landscaping. The recycled water may also be used in industrial processes, for construction, and
many other non-potable uses.
City staff worked with the California Department of Fish and Game, the US Fish and Wildlife
Service, the National Marine Fisheries Service, the Environmental Protection Agency, and a
number of concerned groups and individuals to define the project scope and mitigation requirements
necessary to move this project forward. After the project was defined, the State Water Resources
Control Board (SWRCB) approved the City's request to reuse the recycled water. The City
Council, on November 21, 2000, approved the project which provides a distribution system along
Los Osos Valley Road,Prado Road, and Tank Farm Road east of Broad Street.
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2002 Water Resources Status Report \
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Brown and Caldwell is scheduled to submit final plans and specifications by the end of August
2002. After approval by the SWRCB, Regional Water Quality Control Board (RWQCB), and
County Department of Public Health, the project will be bid and a contract should be awarded
early in 2003. The construction is currently estimated to be completed in 2004.
An irrigation system design Consultant is currently defining the onsite improvements necessary
for the initial sites which will utilize the recycled water. The consultant's recommendations will
be reviewed by City staff, the RWQCB, and the County Public Health Department. After the
recommendations are approved, the consultant will prepare plans and specifications to modify
the existing irrigation systems to allow for proper use of recycled water. These plans will be
reviewed and approved by the Regional Water Quality Control Board and the County Public
Health Department before they are put out to bid and constructed.
Based on review of the Engineering Report that defines the operation of the Water Recycling
Program and the plans and specifications, the Regional Water Quality Control Board and the State
Department of Health Services will issue a Master Reclamation Permit for the City to operate a
Water Recycling Program.
As this project proceeds towards construction, it may be time to step back and ask, "In light of all
the water issues facing the City of San Luis Obispo at this time, how can recycled water be used
most effectively to meet the future needs of the community?" The State Water Resources
Control Board offers grants for master planning for use of recycled water. Staff believes that it
may be appropriate to take another look at the ability to maximize the use of recycled water to
the full projected potential yield of 1,200 acre feet per year by developing a Master Plan and
take advantage of the State Water Resources Control Board water recycling planning grant.
Addilional Groundwater Resources
The City has been evaluating the potential to increase groundwater production for several years.
The current groundwater program utilizes three wells for domestic use, two wells for irrigation at
the City golf course and one well at the Corporation Yard for construction water uses. The City's
two largest producing wells, the Auto Parkway and Denny's wells, were shut down in 1992193 due
to elevated nitrate levels. The Pacific Beach#1  wells are not operated simultaneously due to
the close proximity of the wells and the interference problem which occurs between the two sites..
At this time, the three active domestic wells are producing an average of 20 acre feet per month
which represents about 4% of the total City water demand. The relatively small groundwater basin
which supplies the majority of the City's groundwater production is recharged very quickly
following normal rainfall years. The water levels in the basin also fall relatively quickly following
the end of the rain season. This past year's production from the available wells was 266 acre feet
which was more than the previous year's amount of 159 acre feet.
The City hired Team Engineering and Management, Inc. to provide an analysis of the potential for
increasing groundwater production. The preliminary analysis was presented to Council on August
15, 2000 which indicated the potential to increase the yield from the groundwater basin from 500
acre feet per year(as identified in the current safe annual yield)to approximately 1,400 acre feet per
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year. Council directed staff to initiate additional studies to evaluate the potential environmental
impacts associated with increasing groundwater production..
The second phase of studies were completed:and presented to the City Council on February 19,
2002. The study focused on two areas of potential impact associated with increased groundwater
withdrawal; land subsidence and impacts to creek flows. To evaluate the impacts, a computer
model of the Edna Valley and San Luis Groundwater Basins was developed. The study revealed
that the potential for subsidence could be minimized to a level of insignificance based on an
operation strategy of monitoring groundwater levels so that they do not exceed the low levels
experienced during the latter drought years (1990-91).
The analysis also indicated that there could be an impact to stream flows on an annual basis but
based on limited historical information, could not estimate the impacts on actual stream flows
during critical periods of the year. Because of the limited available historical information, the
potential costs associated with additional studies and the uncertainty or reliability of flow impact
estimates, the Council directed staff to pursue a revised strategy for increasing groundwater
production.
The revised strategy is to evaluate opportunities to reduce or eliminate groundwater use for
agricultural purposes and substitute recycled water for this use. The historic groundwater
production by agriculture could then be used by the City to meet domestic water demands
without resulting in impacts to the creeks. The Council approved a contract with Cleath and
Associates to provide well site assessment/production potential and well development oversight
services. Specifications for well drilling services have been prepared and will be sent out to well
drilling contractors for bid proposals. Well sites will be identified and test wells drilled to
determine the viability of each site and the production potential.
Staff will return to Council following the exploratory well drilling program with a revised
strategy for increasing groundwater production, which will avoid impacts to creek flows. It is
anticipated that this revised strategy will be presented to Council in the fall/winter of this year.
Joint Use of Morro Bay Desalination-Facility
On February 19, 2002, the San Luis Obispo City Council considered the concept of working with
the City of Morro Bay to allow cooperative use of the existing Morro Bay desalination facility.
The facility is currently not being utilized due to cost and technical issues. The current capacity
of the facility is approximately 645 acre feet but the facility was designed to allow expansion up
to approximately 1,550 acre feet per year.
The City of Morro Bay has identified the need to utilize the desalination facility during peak
water demand periods in the future when the capacity of the State Water pipeline is unable to .
meet Morro Bay's daily demands. They have also identified a need to have a backup supply for
times when the State Water system is shutdown for maintenance or is otherwise unable to meet
full water delivery allocations.
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The current need for additional water resources for the City of San Luis Obispo is for additional
safe annual yield. With the two different, yet complimentary, needs for water resources for
Morro Bay and San Luis Obispo, there may be the opportunity to work together to meet both
agencies needs in a cost effective manner.
The City of Morro Bay has completed the environmental impact report for the desalination
facility up to the full expanded capacity. If the City of San Luis Obispo were to participate in the
use of the facility, additional environmental review would be necessary for the new water
delivery facilities, as well as addressing other issues. Permits from regulatory agencies may be
necessary depending on the facilities needed to deliver water to the City of San Luis Obispo.
The use of the desalination plant by the City of San Luis Obispo would likely require the
construction of approximately 3,200 feet of 12-inch pipeline from the plant site to the Whale
Rock pipeline. The pipeline route would likely follow Atascadero Road (Highway 41) from the
facility site near the beach to the Whale Rock pipeline which is east of Highway 1. Table 6
shows the estimated costs for the facilities which would be needed solely to allow water
deliveries from the desal plant to the City of San Luis Obispo. These costs would be the
responsibility of the City of San Luis Obispo.
Table 6: Desal Delivery System Costs
Since the facility is currently not operational, there
are costs to bring the plant back on line. In Pipeline $480,000
addition, there are water quality issues associated Pump Station $250,000
with the raw water for the plant which is produced Total Construction Cost $730,000-
from
730,000from wells located along the Embarcadero near the
Duke Power Plant site. The water from the wells Engineering/Design $100,000
has a high concentration of iron which has caused Contingencies $150,000
fouling problems for the pretreatment system at the Total Project Cost for $9809000
desalination facility. A recent study was completed Delivery System
by Boyle Engineering to evaluate treatment options
available to remove the iron. The analysis revealed
that a dual media sand filtration system would effectively'remove the iron and would be the most
cost effective option. Table 7 shows the costs associated with bringing the facility back into
operation. All of the cost estimates shown are very preliminary and will be refined following
more detailed study and design.
The City of Morro Bay is currently evaluating 'reactivation of the facility for potential use later
this year when the State Water pipeline is taken out of service for maintenance work. With the
exception of the energy recovery system noted in Table 7, the other costs shown for startup may
be incurred before the agreement between the two agencies can be negotiated. The agreement
will need to address past capital costs associated with the original construction as well as some of
the costs shown in Table 7 for determining appropriate charges and fiscal responsibilities of each
agency.
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The operation of the facility in the past has been accomplished through contract operation by an
outside firm that specializes in the operation of desalination facilities. The last time the plant
was operated in 1995, the cost for contract operation was approximately$30,000 per month. The
Table 7: Startup Costs Existing Desal Facility current estimate of overall cost for .
Activate existing plant/facilities $100,000 producing and delivering desalinated
fFater is approximately $1,600 per acre
New pretreatment system $700,000
Ener recoverysystem $240,000 foot.
Total Startup Cost $190409000 The use of the desalination facility by the
City of San Luis Obispo could take many different forms, from use as an emergency backup
source to meeting a portion of the annual water use every year. How the desalination facility can
fit into the City of San Luis Obispo's overall water resource strategy is discussed in more detail
later in this report.
Nacimiento Pipeline Proiect
In 1959, the County of San Luis Obispo acquired the rights to 17,500 acre-feet per year (afy) of
water from Nacimiento Reservoir. In 1995, the County began this most recent effort to bring the
water to various cities, County Service Areas, and other water agencies in the northern part of the
County. For the purposes of environmental review, the City has requested 3,380 afy of water
from the Nacimiento project (our full build-out deficit plus the 2,000 acre foot reliability
reserve).
Several preliminary studies led up to the preparation of a draft Environmental Impact Report
(EIR), which was released for public comment in July of 1997. A strong public reaction to the
alignment of the project pipeline down Lake Nacimiento Drive resulted in negotiations with
Camp Roberts to locate the pipeline on their property. Camp Roberts administration has
conceptually agreed to the new alignment, resulting in the need to revise the draft EIR. The
revised draft EIR is expected to be released for public comment in the Fall of 2002 and
certification by the Board of Supervisors is anticipated in early 2003.
The County is currently holding requests for 11,848 afy. An additional 1,300 afy has been
reserved for uses around the lake. This leaves an excess of 4,352 afy which is unallocated. One
of the most significant issues facing the project is the question of how to pay for the unallocated
water. Historically, the County has indicated an expectation that the participating agencies
would share in the cost of the excess water, driving up the "per acre-foot" cost of the water to
each of the participants. Impacts to archaeological resources, as well as other environmental
impacts, will require some mitigation in accordance with the California Environmental Quality
Act. The extent and cost of these mitigation measures have yet to be developed and therefore are.
not included in the current cost per acre foot estimate.
Current estimates of the cost of Nacimiento water for the City of San Luis Obispo are around
$1,710 per acre-foot for treated water. This estimate includes the capital cost of the pipeline,
pump stations, storage tanks, and treatment plant, as well as the on-going operation and
maintenance costs of the system. The $1,710/af cost figure also includes the City's share of the
unallocated entitlement, which could increase or decrease by the time final participation
C1-15
ATTACHMENT 1
2002 Water Resources Status Report
Page 9
agreements are executed with the County. Given the Council's recent direction to eliminate the
goal of developing a 2,000 acre foot reliability reserve, as well as progress on other water supply
projects (i.e. water reuse), the City will reduce its requested allocation from the project prior to
design and construction.
Salinas Reservoir Expansion Proiect
The City has been pursuing the Salinas Reservoir Expansion Project for the past 10 to 15 years.
The project when originally envisioned seemed relatively simple and straight forward` install a
spillway gate in the dam that was originally intended as part of the structure. The installation of
the spillway gate would raise the maximum water surface level by approximately 19 feet. This
would increase the storage capacity by almost 18,000 acre feet (currently 23,843 af) and would
result in an estimated increase of safe annual yield of 1,650 acre feet.
The project has many hurdles to overcome prior to initiation of construction. The major issues
involve environmental impacts due to inundation of areas around the lake, opposition by
agencies and individuals in the north county due to concerns of impacts to groundwater
resources, and strengthening of the dam to safely store the additional water.
The past several years, work associated with this project has focused on two specific issues:
additional downstream fisheries studies below the dam to Highway 58 and analysis of the
seismic safety of the dam with the raised water level. These two issues are discussed in more
detail below.
The State Water Resources Control Board issues water rights permits associated with storage of
surface waters in the State. As a condition of the time extension for the City's permit at Salinas
Reservoir, the Board required additional downstream fisheries (i.e. steelhead) studies for the
Salinas River between the dam and Highway 58. The first year of the required studies was
completed and the results were submitted to the Board staff for review. Based on the results of
the review and study, the Board could require an additional year of studies. The surveys
undertaken by biologists for the study found no steelhead in this stretch of river and limited
habitat to support steelhead if they were able to migrate up the river. The full report is available
for review at the Utilities Administrative Office.. The conclusion reached in the report was that
the potential for steelhead migration and spawning is limited due to obstructions (small dams),
limited habitat and unsuitable summer conditions. Based on these factors, the report concluded
that additional surveys are not warranted.
On July 18, 2000, the City Council received a report on the evaluation of the seismic safety of
the Salinas Dam which was prepared by URS Corporation (formerly Woodward-Clyde) for the
City. The analysis was undertaken to determine whether the facility could meet current design
standards if the spillway gates were installed to increase the water level. The analysis revealed
that due to new design requirements, the dam with spillway gates installed would not be
structurally adequate. The analysis concluded that significant strengthening of the dam would be
required if the project were to move forward. The consultants also provided a preliminary
assessment of the existing dam (i.e. without the gates) and concluded that the facility could meet
the current design standards. The estimated costs for strengthening the dam would add an
C1-16
ATTACHMENT �
2002 Water Resources Status Report
Page 10
additional $10 million to the project costs. This would bring the total project cost to
approximately $30 million ($10 million of which is for environmental mitigation). This would
equate to approximately $1,450 per acre foot for the additional 1,650 acre feet of safe annual
yield..
Based on the significant costs associated with the strengthening and the impacts to the overall
project, the Council directed staff to undertake a peer review of the analysis to insure that the
conclusions were appropriate. Staff contacted the Bureau of Reclamation located in Denver
Colorado to request assistance with the review. The Bureau has extensive experience with
analysis of dam structures and direct experience with concrete arch dams such as Salinas Dam.
The Bureau reached the same conclusions relative to the required strengthening of the dam if the
spillway gates were installed. They did raise some issues about the assumptions used in the URS
analysis and identified that some of the assumptions may be overly conservative, but felt that
refinement of the analysis would not change the outcome of the report. Therefore, if the project
is initiated in the future to meet the City's water needs, major strengthening will be required.
The final issue with the Salinas Reservoir Expansion Project involves the City's water rights
permit. The State Water Resources Control Board granted a ten year time extension to the City
for our water rights permit at Salinas Reservoir. Based on the ten-year time extension granted by
the State Water Resources Control Board, a deadline of December 31, 2010 has been established
relative to completing the expanded storage capacity at the Salinas Reservoir. The following
schedule lists the major project milestones and estimated start and completion dates to achieve the
permit deadline.
Milestone Start Complete
1. Project Go/No Go Decision July 2003 na
2. Resolve CEQA Protests Sept 2003 Sept 2004
3. Detailed Mitigation Sites/Plans Jan 2004 Jan 2006
4. Ownership Transfer Issues Jan 2004 Jan 2006
5. Final Design for Dam&Recreation Facilities Jan 2006 June 2007
6. Construction Jan 2008 Dec 2010
III. WATER CONSERVATION PROGRAM
The Water Conservation Program is an integral part of the City's overall water management
strategy and can actually be considered as a potential source of supply contributing to our safe
annual yield through water saved. Since the mid 1980's, the City has implemented water
efficiency programs and policies that have enabled the City to decrease overall demand while the
population continues to grow. In 1991 the City became one of the charter members of the
California Urban Water Conservation Council and has implemented the organization's fourteen
"Best Management Practices" regarding urban water conservation. The MOU acts as a road map
for the City's long-term water conservation program and signifies a commitment to the
implementation of the BMPs. The fourteen BMP's are listed below:
C1-17
ATTACHMENT I
2002 Water Resources Status Report
Page 11
1. Water Survey Programs for Single-Family Residential and Multi-Family Residential
Customers
2. Residential Plumbing Retrofit
3. System Water Audits,Leak Detection and Repair
4. Metering with Commodity Rates for All New Connections and Retrofit of Existing
Connections
5. Large Landscape Conservation Programs and Incentives
6. High-Efficiency Washing Machine Rebate Programs
7. Public Education Programs
8. School Education Programs
9. Conservation Programs for Commercial,Industrial, and Institutional Accounts
10. Wholesale Agency Assistance Programs
11. Conservation Pricing
12. Conservation Coordinator
13. Water Waste Prohibition
14. Residential Ultra Low Flush Toilet Replacement Programs
Based on the BMP's, the City's Water Conservation Program is divided into three primary
components:
1. Water hardware retrofitting
2. Technical assistance
3. Public education and information
The following is a summary of the water conservation program's key components:
Water Hardware Retrofittins Summary
With the adoption of the UWMP in 1994, bathroom retrofitting has been identified as a
significant water demand management strategy and integral part of the City's overall
management plan. As of May 2002, approximately 30,100 bathrooms (toilets) out of the
estimated 39,000 toilets have been Table 8: Summary of Toilet Retrofitting
retrofitted either through the Retrofit
Rebate, Retrofit Upon Sale and/or Year Rebate Offset Total Estimated
the Water Offset Programs. This Savings
represents an annual estimated water 1999 160 2,145 2,305 130 afy
savings of approximately 1,300 acre 2000 76 3,194 3,270 155 afy_
feet. Table 8 summarizes the toilet 2001 53 2,590 2,643 185 afy
retrofit activity since 1999 and the 2002 (as of 21 223 244 15 afy
program totals since 1990. As 5/20/02)
indicated in Table 8, a vast majority Total 310 89152 89462 485 of
of the toilets replaced through the Totals Since 89942 21,163 301105 1,320 afy
years have been through the Water 1 1990
Use Offset Program (Retrofit to
Build).
C1-18
2002 Water Resources Status Report
Page 12
Technical Assistance
The Utilities Conservation Office (UCO) offers technical assistance to water customers via free
indoor and outdoor.water audits. The audits include indoor and outdoor leak detection services,
irrigation system evaluation, landscape plant material information and other information on how
to use water efficiently. The requests for audits are typically received from people experiencing
high water bills, residents participating in the low income assistance program, or customers
requesting a utility bill adjustment through the Utility Billing Adjustment Committee.
The Water Audit Program has been very active this last fiscal year due mainly to the follow-ups
to high meter read investigations. For the last several years, the office has averaged about 250
audits per year. The office saw a dramatic increase in audit activity last year when the UCO took
over the task of investigating high water bills. During the calendar years 2000 and 2001
approximately 450 water audits were performed each year by UCO staff. These water audits
often reveal problems which are then corrected by the property owner, which results in lower
water use and associated billing charges.
Public Information & Education
In our ongoing effort to educate the public on efficient resource utilization, the Utilities
Conservation Office provides informational brochures on a variety of water conservation and
recycling topics upon request. Additionally, staff has produced a quarterly newsletter which
focuses on current information regarding water, wastewater and solid waste issues. Additional
information has been distributed through paid media advertising and public service
announcements and participation at Farmer's Market, Earth Day Events, etc. The current
emphasis in the water conservation program's information and education campaign is efficient
irrigation practices. Eight irrigation workshops have been presented during the past year and
have been well received by the community.
In addition to the above programs, in 1999 the Utilities Department implemented a water education
program within San Luis Obispo Coastal School District. The program targets third and fourth
grades, to compliment the study of water within the school district. Teachers have been
enthusiastic about the new program, particularly with the field trip to the Water Reclamation
Facility.
To date for the 2002-2003 school year, 14 class presentations and 14 filed trips were given
throughout the schools within the city. The class presentations were 45 minutes and covered the
subjects of: Water Cycle, Water Treatment, Water Use, Water Conservation, and Water
Reclamation. The classroom presentation is a prerequisite for the field trip.
The department's hope is that the conservation education. programs are lively, fun and
interesting, so that the teachers will continue to want to use the presentations, water education
toolkits and tours as a way of enhancing their current water education curriculum. The benefits
are immediate and long-term. Instilling water awareness in children leads to increased parental
water awareness. It also positively affects future generations: these students are tomorrow's
C1-19
2002 Water Resources Status Report ATTACHMENT 1
Page 13
adults and they will have the information to make informed and appropriate decisions about
water. It is expected that demand for the programs and field trips in the upcoming year will be
similar to this last year.
New Water Conservation Programs
Because of the City's affiliation with the California Urban Water Conservation Council
(CUWCC), valuable information regarding water conservation program development and
implementation is available. Most of the nation looks to California, and more specifically to the
CUWCC and the BMPs when developing water efficiency programs. Given this fact, the City's
water conservation program uses the CUWCC information to determine if the implementation of
a new program will provide dependable water savings in a cost effective manner. Many new
studies are currently under way and the information obtained from these studies may lead to new
program implementation at a future date.
One such program implemented by the City in August 2001 was the recently added BMP
concerning a rebate program for high-efficiency washing machines. This is a pilot program for
the City to determine if the long term water savings warrant an ongoing program. The budgeted
amount for the program allowed for 100 rebates per fiscal year. As mentioned, the program
started in August of 2001 and the available funds for the year were distributed by April 2002.
Staff is currently working on a follow-up survey to look at customer satisfaction and to
determine water savings associated with the program.
Another new program initiated as part of the 2001-2003 Financial Plan was the "Green Gardner
Program". Working in conjunction with the Atascadero Mutual Water Company, a program was
developed to educate professional landscape maintenance personnel on how to effectively
evaluate, repair, maintain and operate irrigation systems. The program consists of nine hours of
course work with a goal to increase the landscape professionals knowledge in the areas of
irrigation system design, plant and soil water needs which ultimately saves water. This program
will be offered twice a year, in the Spring and Fall.
Future Water Conservation Programs
The water saved through the Water Conservation Program, historically, has been the least cost
option when looking at new sources of supply. The City has implemented numerous programs
over the years which have resulted in a dramatic decrease in per capita water consumption.
When evaluating the potential yield from a new conservation measure, it is very important to
factor in the reliability of the program to achieve the estimated savings. That is why toilet and
showerhead replacement have been the cornerstones of the Water Conservation Program to date.
C1-20
2002 Water Resources Status Report ATTACHMENT 1
Page 14
With this in mind, a preliminary evaluation of the following measures indicates that additional
savings water may be possible.
Table 9: Potential Future Conservation Pro Reliability of the water savings will
be an issue and will be further
Water Efficiency Estimated Annual studied when developing the
Measure Water Savings programs. If the Council
determines that the proposed
Expanded Irrigation Water programs should be further
Efficiencv Programs 175 to 250 of analyzed, staff will continue the
Remaining Toilet evaluation of the various measures
Replacement 200 to 250 of and recommend specific programs
for implementation as part of the
Expanded Commercial 2003-2005 Financial Plan.
Water Efficiency Programs 40 to 60 of
As stated previously, these are
Drought Tolerant Plant preliminary estimates at this point.
Material Awareness Unknown Additionally, achieving 100%
o retrofit of toilets may not be
possible which would decrease the
TOTAL 415 to 560 of yield from that measure. In
conjunction with implementing any
of the above programs, an expanded public outreach program will be needed to promote the
programs and services offered by the City.
IV. WATER SUPPLY STRATEGY TO MEET FUTURE NEEDS
The City of San Luis Obispo is currently pursuing multiple water supply projects to meet the
projected city needs based on the policies contained in the General Plan and related Elements.
The City Council recently directed staff to process a General Plan amendment to the Water
Management Element eliminating the goal of establishing a reliability reserve. Assuming that
the policy is changed to eliminate the goal of acquiring an additional 2,000 acre feet, the City has
a projected need for an additional 1,806 acre feet per year as shown in Table 5. To meet this
additional water supply goal, the City could develop the additional supplies from multiple
sources thereby diversifying our resources and strengthening our overall reliability. By
diversifying our resources as identified in the Multi-Source Water Policy discussed earlier in this
report, the City would not be placing all of it's "eggs (supplies)in one basket".
Based on the information that Table 10: Priority for Water Supply Projects
is currently available on the Project. Potential Yield
multiple projects being 1. Water Reuse 1,200 afy
pursued and the timing and 2. Additional Groundwater Resources 400—800 of
costs associated with each 3. Additional Water Conservation 415 560 of
project, staff would L6. Salinas
esalination 320—775 afy
recommend the following acimiento Pipeline 3,380 of *
prioritization of the projects Reservoir Expansion Project 1,650 afy
(Table 10) to meet our future ■ Current requested amount
C1-21
2002 Water Resources Status Report ATTACHMENT I
Page 15
needs. Based on the uncertainties inherent with accomplishing any water supply project, staff
would recommend continuing our support and participation in the Nacimiento Project through
the EIR process and depending on the success of efforts on projects listed above the Nacimiento
Project in the table, commitment to the project can be made once the EIR is certified and more
thorough information of costs and related issues are more clearly defined.
The rationale for the recommended prioritization takes into account many factors such as project
implementation obstacles and impacts, reliability, City control, costs and likelihood of success.
The Council's concurrence with the prioritization of the projects will allow staff to focus their
efforts on the top projects and defer additional work on the projects at the bottom of the list.
The water reuse project is currently in final design and will begin recycled water deliveries in
2004. When the project is completed, approximately 120 acre feet will initially be used to offset
potable demand and this amount would therefore be available for new development based on the
policies in the Water Management Element. Staff will continue to actively pursue completion of
the initial phase of the project as soon as possible. Additional yield will be developed from the
reuse project as exchange opportunities and development occurs in the south portion of the City.
In addition, staff is currently reviewing the availability of grant funding for the development of a
long range Master Plan for the Water Reuse Project which would identify opportunities to
systematically expand the use of recycled water through the logical expansion of the delivery
system.
Additional groundwater supplies should also be aggressively pursued since this source is likely
less expensive, even with additional treatment that will be required, as compared to desalination,
Nacimiento, or the Salinas Reservoir Expansion Project. The key to the successful
implementation of additional groundwater resources will be to develop a project description for
the groundwater program which will avoid impacts to the local creeks. This can likely be
accomplished by reducing other demands on the groundwater basin by exchanges with recycled
water or releasing flows from the Water Reclamation Facility (above the minimum release
requirements) to offset additional groundwater pumping impacts. These strategies will be
refined following the groundwater drilling program that is currently underway and presented to
the Council for thorough discussion later this year.
The third area of focus should look towards options to increase our conservation efforts.
Efficient use of our resources stretches the availability of our water supplies and has proven to be
very cost effective. The reliability of the opportunities available through conservation need to be
taken into account when evaluating options. As new technology or ideas surface in the future
and new sources of water become more costly, the City needs to continue to evaluate the
potential for conservation strategies to reduce our need to develop new water supply projects.
The cooperative use of the Morro Bay desalination facility could provide a "win-win" situation
for both agencies. With improvements in the desalination technology, the costs in the future may
continue to go down and this source could provide a highly reliable component for the City's
water resources mix. This project will likely require extensive discussions and negotiations to
develop the appropriate agreements between the agencies. If the higher priority projects are
successful, the need for water from the desalination facility to meet City demands will likely be a
C1-22
ATTACHMENT 1
2002 Water Resources Status Report
Page 16
number of years down the road. This project should continue to be pursued on a time available
basis with the goal of developing draft agreements over the next several years.
The Nacimiento Project is being administered by the County of San Luis Obispo and as such
currently requires minimal staff time for City employees. The City should continue to dedicate
the staff resources necessary to move this project through the EIR process so that.all interested
participants can have the information needed to determine whether their agency should commit
to the project.
The Salinas Reservoir Expansion Project has numerous hurdles to overcome if this project were
to be pursued. As identified earlier, completion of the project by 2010 to meet the requirements
of our water rights permit would require a decision by the City Council by June 2003.
Depending on the success of other projects over the next year, Council may decide to elevate this
project priority next year.
Based on the above analysis: if our top tier projects are successful, it appears we may be able to
achieve adequate water resources through a combination of water reuse, groundwater, and
additional conservation.
V. PROJECTED WATER SUPPLY STI'UATION
Reservoir Storage Curve
The Reservoir Storage Curve is integral to the City's annual water plan analysis. It is a computer
model used to estimate the City's future reservoir storage based on historical drought weather
patterns, water use projections, reservoir data and available groundwater supplies. The model is
used to forecast the City's water supply position and to make certain water policy recommendations..
The model also assumes implementation of Stage I conservation when supplies are projected to last
only three years. Stage II and III conservation measures are implemented when water supplies are
estimated to last only 2 years and 1 year, respectively (as shown on Figure 4). The curve has been
updated to reflect the City's current storage and the policies contained in the Urban Water
Management Plan.
The model predicts current water supplies would last until July of 2008 (Figure 4), under a set of
assumptions that represent the average weather conditions during the worst four years of the
drought period from 1986-91..
VI. SUMMARY
With the limited rainfall received this year,little water was added to the storage in our reservoirs but
the reservoirs still hold adequate resources due to favorable rainfall in previous years. Even with
this favorable short-term outlook, the City still needs to develop additional supplemental water
supplies to meet the goals of the General Plan. Based on the cost projections for developing new
water supplies, it is evident that water conservation will continue to be a crucial element of the
City's water resources planning in the future. With the multi-source water policy, a number of
supply projects under development, strong water conservation program and other related policies
Cl-23
ATTACHMENT 1
2002 Water Resources Status Report
Page 17
which were adopted as part of the W.M.E., the City is pursuing a direction which will create a
reliable supply of water to meet the current and future needs of the community.
Attachments: 1.Definitions
2. Figures 1-5
C1-24
'r ATTACHMENT 1
Definitions
Safe Annual Yield:
The maximum quantity of water which can be delivered from the water
source each year during a critical dry period(i.e. historical drought period).
Acre Foot:
1 acre foot = 325,851 gallons
Enough water to cover a football field with 1 foot of water
* Enough water to serve approximately 3.5 average single family homes (in San Luis
Obispo)per year
Gallons per Capita per Day (gpcd):
Calculation= Total Acre Feet x 325,851
City Population x 365
Present Water Demand (acre feet per year):
Calculation = 145 gpcd x Current City Population x 365
325,851
Salinas Reservoir:
Maximum Storage Capacity=23,842.9 acre feet
Minimum Pool =storage amount when water extractions must cease =2,000 acre feet
Surface Area=730 acres
Drainage Area= 112 square miles=71,700 acres
Whale Rock Reservoir:
Maximum Storage Capacity=40662 acre feet
Minimum Pool =storage amount when water extractions must cease=2,000 acre feet
Surface Area= 594 acres
Drainage Area=20.3 square miles= 13,000 acres
Cl-25
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